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k
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izin
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s
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m
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h
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m
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d
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li
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th
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se
in
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a
c
c
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tu
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m
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e
r,
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d
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ly
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ffe
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ts
th
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e
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t.
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m
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t
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n
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u
c
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y
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teg
ra
t
i
n
g
th
e
F
CM
with
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c
e
n
tralize
d
m
e
c
h
a
n
ism
(
CM
)
.
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p
r
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p
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se
d
m
e
th
o
d
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l
b
e
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v
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ted
b
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se
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o
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f
o
u
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w
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ra
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ters
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lt
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ra
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o
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h
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n
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rg
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se
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ti
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a
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d
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e
two
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k
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ifes
p
a
n
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w
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d
s
:
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alan
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clu
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ter
s
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en
tr
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s
if
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o
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Fu
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etwo
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T
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s
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n
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p
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c
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rticle
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CC B
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SA
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se
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C
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s
p
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A
uth
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r
:
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b
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atter
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ib
le
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d
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r
r
ec
h
ar
g
ed
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-
4]
.
C
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eq
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with
a
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s
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m
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ase
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[
5
]
.
I
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clu
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m
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if
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s
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T
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s
,
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ter
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d
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g
to
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eir
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
[6
-
8]
.
On
e
o
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th
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m
o
s
t
im
p
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tan
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tr
u
ct
a
b
alan
ce
d
s
ize
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
.
C
lu
s
ter
s
ize
in
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
r
ef
e
r
s
to
th
e
q
u
a
n
tity
o
f
m
em
b
er
n
o
d
es in
in
d
iv
id
u
al
cl
u
s
ter
.
Fo
r
th
is
o
b
jectiv
e,
s
ev
er
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
wer
e
u
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
class
if
icatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
b
etter
clu
s
ter
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
[
9
]
.
Du
e
to
t
h
e
n
at
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
r
an
d
o
m
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
n
o
d
es
in
th
e
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
ar
ea
,
at
tim
es
th
ese
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
im
b
ala
n
c
ed
clu
s
ter
s
s
ize
[
1
0
,
11]
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
itu
atio
n
,
lar
g
e
an
d
s
m
all
s
ize
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
ar
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
wh
en
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
s
izes
ar
e
n
o
t
s
im
ilar
,
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
will
lead
to
an
im
b
alan
ce
in
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
n
o
d
es,
wh
ich
w
ill
r
esu
lt
in
a
r
e
d
u
cti
o
n
in
th
e
life
s
p
an
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
[
1
2
]
.
Her
e,
th
e
C
H
f
o
r
th
e
la
r
g
e
clu
s
ter
is
b
u
r
d
e
n
ed
b
y
d
ata
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
th
e
C
Hs
in
th
e
o
t
h
er
clu
s
ter
s
,
wh
er
e
it
n
ee
d
s
to
co
n
s
u
m
e
m
o
r
e
e
n
er
g
y
to
s
en
d
th
at
d
ata.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
s
o
m
e
n
o
d
es
ar
e
d
ep
letin
g
th
eir
en
e
r
g
y
ea
r
lier
th
an
o
th
e
r
s
wh
ich
ad
v
er
s
ely
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
life
tim
e
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
[
1
3
-
1
5
]
.
T
o
o
v
er
c
o
m
e
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
ew
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
m
eth
o
d
ca
lled
f
u
zz
y
c
-
m
ea
n
s
ce
n
tr
alize
d
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
(
FC
M
-
CM
)
b
y
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
FC
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
f
o
r
m
b
alan
ce
d
clu
s
ter
s
f
o
r
r
an
d
o
m
n
o
d
es
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t.
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
FC
M
b
ased
o
n
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
with
a
n
ew
C
en
tr
alize
d
Me
ch
an
is
m
C
M.
T
h
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
m
ec
h
an
is
m
is
r
ely
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
c
en
tr
o
id
s
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
f
r
o
m
FC
M
to
d
o
in
g
th
e
r
e
-
clu
s
ter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
o
d
es
if
th
e
r
esu
lted
cl
u
s
ter
s
ar
e
n
o
t
b
alan
ce
d
,
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
clu
s
te
r
th
r
esh
o
ld
.
T
h
is
n
ew
clu
s
ter
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
en
s
u
r
es
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
b
alan
ce
d
clu
s
ter
s
,
wh
ich
will r
esu
lt in
p
r
o
lo
n
g
in
g
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
life
s
p
an
.
Ou
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
s
will
b
e
ev
alu
ated
b
ased
o
n
f
o
u
r
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
v
ar
iatio
n
f
o
r
clu
s
ter
s
s
ize,
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
f
o
r
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
er
r
o
r
f
o
r
in
tr
a
-
d
is
tan
ce
s
,
clu
s
ter
s
s
ize
r
an
g
e,
a
n
d
co
s
t
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
in
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
f
o
r
th
e
wh
o
le
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
er
e
a
r
e
two
d
if
f
er
e
n
c
es
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
an
d
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
m
eth
o
d
s
,
wh
ich
will b
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
as o
u
r
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
ey
ar
e:
-
T
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
will
b
e
ex
ec
u
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
th
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
wh
er
e
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
in
itial
s
elec
tio
n
f
o
r
ce
n
tr
o
id
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
1
0
,
11
,
16]
.
T
h
ese
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
d
o
n
o
t
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
b
alan
ce
d
clu
s
ter
s
.
-
Mo
s
t
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
d
e
p
en
d
e
d
o
n
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
s
o
lely
p
a
r
am
eter
o
n
l
y
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
b
alan
ce
d
s
ize
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
is
n
o
t
ac
cu
r
ate,
wh
er
e
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
ca
n
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
b
alan
ce
d
,
b
u
t
at
th
e
co
s
t
o
f
o
th
er
asp
ec
ts
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
c
o
n
d
u
ct
ev
a
lu
atio
n
b
ased
o
n
f
o
u
r
n
ew
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
m
a
in
d
er
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
will
b
e
en
s
u
ed
b
y
th
e
en
s
u
in
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
;
s
ec
tio
n
2
en
tails
t
h
e
r
elate
d
wo
r
k
s
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
in
s
ec
tio
n
3
,
we
will
ex
p
lain
th
e
f
u
zz
y
c
-
m
ea
n
s
(
FC
M)
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
4
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
will
b
e
e
x
p
lain
ed
,
an
d
in
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
alu
ati
o
n
will
ex
p
lain
in
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
Fin
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
6
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
an
d
co
n
clu
s
io
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fo
r
m
atio
n
a
n
im
b
ala
n
ce
d
clu
s
ter
s
s
ize
b
y
FC
M
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
S
Am
o
n
g
th
e
p
r
in
cip
le
o
b
jectiv
es
in
W
SN
is
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
clu
s
t
er
in
g
o
f
th
e
wh
o
le
n
etwo
r
k
,
as
it
is
ab
le
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
en
er
g
y
b
ein
g
co
n
s
u
m
ed
[
1
2
]
,
a
n
d
also
is
ab
le
to
o
f
f
er
b
alan
ce
d
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
Hen
ce
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
8
9
4
-
2
9
0
2
2896
FC
M
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
u
tili
ze
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
r
ea
lize
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
FC
M
h
elp
s
in
th
e
o
p
tim
iza
tio
n
o
f
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
in
im
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
p
ac
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
an
d
th
e
clu
s
ter
ce
n
tr
o
id
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
i
n
an
o
th
e
r
wo
r
k
,
Su
a
a
n
d
Z
h
a
o
[
1
1
]
h
a
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
t
h
e
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
wh
ich
was
ter
m
ed
as
o
p
tim
al
clu
s
ter
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
f
u
zz
y
-
c
m
ea
n
s
(
OC
M
-
FC
M)
.
I
n
th
at
p
ar
ticu
lar
w
o
r
k
,
th
e
f
u
zz
y
c
-
m
ea
n
s
clu
s
ter
in
g
was
u
til
ized
to
f
o
r
m
an
o
p
tim
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
tatic
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
e
n
o
tio
n
o
f
co
h
e
r
en
ce
was
u
tili
ze
d
to
r
em
o
v
e
s
u
r
p
lu
s
an
d
u
n
n
ee
d
ed
d
ata
g
en
er
atio
n
,
an
d
u
n
n
ec
ess
ar
y
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
wh
ich
av
er
ts
u
n
war
r
an
te
d
en
er
g
y
wastag
e.
T
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
e
in
tr
a
-
clu
s
ter
an
d
in
ter
-
clu
s
ter
g
atew
ay
s
ar
e
to
av
er
t th
e
n
o
d
e
s
f
r
o
m
tr
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
d
ata
o
v
e
r
a
n
e
x
ten
s
iv
e
len
g
th
.
A
n
ew
p
la
n
was
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
f
o
r
c
h
o
o
s
in
g
s
tr
o
n
g
n
o
d
es p
r
o
x
im
ate
to
th
e
s
in
k
f
o
r
s
tr
aig
h
t
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
.
Had
jila
et
a
l
.
[
1
7
]
s
u
g
g
este
d
a
d
u
o
o
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
tili
zin
g
a
m
e
th
o
d
wh
ich
in
teg
r
ates th
e
f
u
zz
y
c
-
m
ea
n
s
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
a
n
d
th
e
an
t c
o
l
o
n
y
o
p
tim
izatio
n
in
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
,
an
d
th
e
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
d
ata
t
r
an
s
f
er
en
ce
with
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
Firstl
y
,
f
u
zz
y
c
-
m
ea
n
s
clu
s
ter
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
u
tili
ze
d
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
a
p
r
ed
eter
m
in
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
clu
s
te
r
s
.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
th
e
an
t c
o
lo
n
y
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
AC
O)
alg
o
r
ith
m
was
ap
p
lied
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
a
lo
ca
l
m
in
im
al
c
h
ain
in
in
d
iv
id
u
al
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
Alia’
s
wo
r
k
[1
8]
,
a
d
ec
en
tr
alize
d
f
u
zz
y
clu
s
ter
in
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
(
DC
FP
)
was s
u
g
g
ested
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
W
SN
s
is
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
e
o
f
f
at
th
e
s
tar
tin
g
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
at
a
b
ase
s
tatio
n
,
th
at
p
er
s
is
ts
in
its
u
n
alter
ed
s
tate
tr
an
s
ce
n
d
in
g
th
e
en
tire
t
y
o
f
th
e
life
s
p
an
o
f
th
e
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
At
th
e
b
eg
in
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
tag
e,
an
FC
M
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
is
m
o
d
if
ied
to
ass
ig
n
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
to
th
eir
o
p
tim
u
m
s
u
itab
l
e
clu
s
ter
s
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
C
H
-
e
lec
tio
n
s
tag
e,
th
e
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
o
f
n
ew
C
H
s
is
ex
ec
u
ted
lo
ca
lly
with
in
in
d
iv
id
u
al
clu
s
ter
,
in
wh
ich
in
s
tan
ce
,
a
n
ew
m
u
lti
-
cr
iter
ia
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
f
o
r
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
ass
ig
n
ed
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
s
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
B
o
u
y
er
et
a
l
.
[
1
9
]
s
u
g
g
ested
a
n
ew
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
m
in
im
izin
g
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
with
in
th
e
wir
el
ess
s
en
s
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
h
y
b
r
i
d
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l
an
d
FC
M
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
FC
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
u
tili
ze
d
in
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
e
C
Hs
an
d
ascer
tain
in
g
th
eir
lo
ca
tio
n
an
d
th
e
allo
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
FC
M
in
W
SN
s
as
s
is
ts
in
ch
an
g
in
g
th
e
L
E
AC
H
p
r
o
to
co
l
p
ar
am
eter
s
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
.
I
n
an
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
d
o
n
e
b
y
Kau
s
h
ik
[
2
0
]
,
a
h
y
b
r
id
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
b
ased
o
n
FC
M
clu
s
ter
in
g
an
d
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
was su
g
g
ested
.
T
h
e
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
b
o
th
m
eth
o
d
s
,
wh
ich
ar
e
th
e
FC
M
clu
s
ter
in
g
a
n
d
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
u
s
ed
to
en
a
b
le
an
en
er
g
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
etwo
r
k
th
at
p
r
o
lo
n
g
ed
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
life
s
p
an
h
ad
b
ee
n
u
tili
ze
d
b
y
th
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
i
s
co
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
FC
M
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
ev
en
ly
s
ized
clu
s
ter
s
with
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
C
H
s
elec
tio
n
is
ex
ec
u
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
,
b
y
tak
in
g
in
t
o
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
p
r
o
x
i
m
ity
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
an
d
th
e
n
o
d
e
en
er
g
y
.
I
n
th
eir
w
o
r
k
,
Sh
o
k
r
o
llah
i
et
a
l
.
[
2
1
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
an
e
n
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t c
lu
s
ter
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
u
n
d
ed
o
n
th
e
f
u
zz
y
c
-
m
ea
n
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
a
n
d
g
en
et
ic
f
u
zz
y
s
y
s
tem
(
E
C
AFG)
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
e
FC
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
is
co
n
d
u
cted
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
C
Hs
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
a
g
en
etic
f
u
zz
y
s
y
s
tem
(
GFS).
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
ed
clu
s
ter
s
will
co
n
tin
u
e
to
b
e
u
n
ch
an
g
ed
,
h
o
wev
e
r
th
e
clu
s
t
er
h
ea
d
s
ar
e
ch
o
s
en
at
th
e
s
tar
ti
n
g
o
f
ev
e
r
y
t
u
r
n
.
T
h
e
FC
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
b
alan
ce
d
s
tatic
clu
s
ter
s
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
d
ata
ex
p
en
s
es,
an
d
d
is
s
em
in
ate
th
e
u
s
ed
en
e
r
g
y
am
o
n
g
s
t
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
.
A
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
r
esear
ch
es
eith
e
r
o
n
ly
im
p
lem
e
n
t
clu
s
ter
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
ed
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
b
y
m
o
d
if
y
i
n
g
th
e
in
itial
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
ese
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
d
id
n
o
t
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
b
alan
ce
d
clu
s
ter
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
in
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t is d
o
n
e
b
y
m
o
d
if
y
in
g
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
b
al
an
ce
d
cl
u
s
ter
s
th
at
m
ain
tain
ed
o
r
en
h
a
n
ce
d
o
t
h
er
asp
ec
ts
o
f
co
s
t.
3.
F
UZ
Z
Y
C
-
M
E
ANS
FC
M
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
icien
t
p
r
o
to
co
ls
[
2
2
]
,
in
ac
tu
al
life
s
itu
atio
n
s
,
wh
e
r
e
th
e
f
u
zz
y
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
h
an
d
le
th
e
in
d
ef
in
iten
ess
,
f
u
zz
in
ess
,
an
d
am
b
ig
u
ity
.
Fu
zz
y
clu
s
ter
in
g
is
p
er
ce
iv
ed
t
o
b
e
an
ef
f
icien
t
clu
s
ter
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
Am
o
n
g
s
t
th
e
f
u
zz
y
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
th
e
F
C
Ms
alg
o
r
ith
m
was
th
e
p
r
ev
alen
t
an
d
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
u
tili
ze
d
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
2
3
,
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
aim
o
f
FC
M
is
i
n
th
e
m
in
im
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
s
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
p
o
i
n
ts
an
d
th
e
clu
s
ter
ce
n
tr
o
i
d
s
.
I
n
W
SNs
,
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
cl
u
s
ter
th
e
N
s
en
s
o
r
n
o
d
es
in
to
k
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
h
e
o
b
jecti
v
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
FC
M
f
o
r
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
in
W
SNs
ca
n
b
e
f
o
r
m
u
lated
as f
o
llo
ws
:
=
∑
∑
=
1
=
1
(
,
)
2
,
i= 1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
n
j=1
,
2
,
…,
k
(
1
)
=
1
∑
(
(
,
)
(
,
)
)
2
−
1
=
1
,
∈
[
0
,
1
]
(
2
)
=
∑
(
)
∗
(
,
)
=
1
∑
(
)
=
1
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
I
mp
r
o
ve
d
fu
z
z
y
c
-
mea
n
s
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
b
a
s
ed
o
n
a
n
o
ve
l b
a
l
a
n
ce
d
clu
s
ters
.
.
.
(
A
li
A
b
d
u
l
-
h
u
s
s
ia
n
Ha
s
s
a
n
)
2897
w
h
er
e
is
th
e
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
o
f
n
o
d
e
i
to
clu
s
ter
j,
a
n
d
m
is
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
f
u
zz
if
ier
wh
ic
h
is
ty
p
i
ca
lly
s
elec
ted
as
2
in
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
2
5
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
C
j
r
ef
er
s
to
clu
s
ter
ce
n
tr
o
id
.
T
h
is
f
u
n
cti
o
n
is
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
K
-
Me
as a
lg
o
r
ith
m
as it u
tili
ze
s
weig
h
ted
s
q
u
ar
ed
e
r
r
o
r
s
in
s
t
ea
d
o
f
u
tili
zin
g
s
o
lely
s
q
u
ar
e
d
er
r
o
r
s
.
T
h
is
clu
s
ter
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
p
er
s
is
t in
h
av
in
g
a
f
ew
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
wh
ich
h
in
d
e
r
its
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
th
ey
ar
e:
-
T
h
e
in
itial c
en
tr
o
id
s
ar
e
s
elec
t
ed
b
y
t
h
e
r
an
d
o
m
way
f
o
r
th
e
in
p
u
t d
ata
s
et.
-
Sen
s
itiv
ity
to
o
u
tlier
’
s
p
o
in
ts
.
-
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
K
an
d
th
e
f
u
zz
y
weig
h
ted
in
d
ex
(
m
)
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
m
an
u
ally
.
-
I
t
r
elap
s
es
in
to
th
e
lo
ca
l
e
x
tr
em
e
p
o
in
t
o
r
s
ad
d
le
p
o
in
t
w
ith
ea
s
e;
h
o
wev
er
,
th
e
o
p
tim
al
r
eso
lu
tio
n
is
u
n
attain
ab
le.
-
I
n
clu
s
ter
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
s
ize
o
f
c
lu
s
ter
s
is
n
o
t c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
.
4.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CL
US
T
E
R
I
N
G
AL
G
O
RIT
H
M
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
g
iv
es
a
b
r
ief
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
m
eth
o
d
an
d
th
e
d
etail
o
f
its
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
ec
tio
n
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
d
e
p
e
n
d
ed
u
p
o
n
in
FC
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
b
ased
o
n
in
t
eg
r
ated
FC
M
with
a
n
ew
cl
u
s
te
r
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
(
C
M)
,
wh
er
e
C
M
r
ec
eiv
es
b
en
ef
it
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
v
e
r
lap
p
in
g
n
o
d
es
am
o
n
g
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
,
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
FC
M
an
d
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
b
alan
ce
d
clu
s
ter
s
.
Ou
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
will b
e
ap
p
lied
b
y
th
e
B
ase
Sta
tio
n
,
s
o
it c
en
tr
alize
d
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
p
h
ases
:
1
)
in
itial
clu
s
ter
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
wh
ich
is
b
ased
o
n
FC
M
an
d
2
)
b
alan
ce
d
clu
s
ter
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
wh
ich
is
b
ased
o
n
C
M.
I
n
th
e
in
itial
clu
s
ter
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
th
e
FC
M
is
ap
p
lied
t
o
f
o
r
m
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
a
b
le
1
,
wh
e
r
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
clu
s
ter
(
T
h
cluster
)
i
s
th
en
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
T
h
e
FC
M
cr
ea
ted
b
alan
ce
d
cl
u
s
ter
s
,
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
t
h
at,
th
e
m
in
i
m
u
m
s
ize
o
f
cl
u
s
ter
s
is
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
th
e
T
h
cluster
v
al
u
e,
o
th
er
wis
e
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
ar
e
n
o
t
b
alan
ce
d
,
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
m
o
v
es to
th
e
n
ex
t p
h
ase
.
ℎ
=
∗
(
4
)
W
h
er
e
N
m
ea
n
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es,
PA
is
th
e
p
e
r
m
itti
v
ity
am
o
u
n
t
,
w
h
ich
is
e
q
u
al
to
0
.
8
5
,
a
n
d
K
s
ig
n
if
ies
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
.
I
n
th
e
b
alan
ce
d
clu
s
ter
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
h
ase,
CM
will
b
e
ap
p
lied
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
a
b
le
2
,
CM
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
ce
n
tr
o
id
s
th
at
wer
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
last
p
h
ase
as
b
ea
co
n
p
o
i
n
ts
to
f
o
r
m
b
alan
ce
d
clu
s
ter
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
1
:
f
u
zz
y
c
-
m
ea
n
s
(
FC
M)
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
1
:
F
u
z
z
y
c
-
me
a
n
s
(
F
C
M
)
In
p
u
t
:
N
=
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
se
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
s
.
K
=
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
l
u
st
e
r
s
.
Ou
t
p
u
t
:
A
set
o
f
K
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
o
f
n
o
d
e
s
Pr
o
c
e
ss:
1
-
se
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
K
p
o
i
n
t
a
s
a
n
i
n
i
t
i
a
l
c
e
n
t
r
o
i
d
.
2
-
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
t
h
e
mem
b
e
r
s
h
i
p
s f
o
r
e
a
c
h
n
o
d
e
t
o
K
c
e
n
t
r
o
i
d
s.
3
-
A
l
l
o
t
e
a
c
h
n
o
d
e
t
o
i
t
s c
l
o
s
e
st
c
e
n
t
r
o
i
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
m
a
x
.
m
e
m
b
e
r
sh
i
p
;
4
-
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
t
h
e
n
e
w
K
c
e
n
t
r
o
i
d
s
5
-
r
e
p
e
a
t
,
u
n
t
i
l
n
o
c
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
t
h
e
c
e
n
t
r
o
i
d
s
o
f
c
l
u
st
e
r
s
o
r
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
e
n
c
e
c
r
i
t
e
r
i
a
i
s
me
t
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Alg
o
r
ith
m
2
:
n
o
v
el
b
alan
ce
d
clu
s
ter
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
(
NB
C
M
)
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
2
:
N
o
v
e
l
b
a
l
a
n
c
e
d
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
me
c
h
a
n
i
sm
(
N
B
C
M
)
In
p
u
t
:
C
F
CM
=
T
h
e
f
i
n
a
l
se
t
o
f
c
e
n
t
r
o
i
d
s (b
e
a
c
o
n
p
o
i
n
t
s)
a
r
e
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
b
y
F
C
M
.
N
=
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
se
n
s
o
r
n
o
d
e
s
.
K
=
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
l
u
st
e
r
s
.
Ou
t
p
u
t
:
A
set
o
f
K
B
a
l
a
n
c
e
d
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
Pr
o
c
e
ss:
1
-
f
i
n
d
t
h
e
mi
n
i
mu
m
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
i
z
e
.
2
-
d
e
t
e
r
mi
n
e
t
h
e
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
(
T
h
c
l
us
t
e
r
).
3
-
i
f
mi
n
i
m
u
m
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
s
i
z
e
<
Th
c
l
us
t
e
r,
t
h
e
n
4
-
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
t
h
e
d
i
st
a
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
b
e
a
c
o
n
p
o
i
n
t
s
t
o
e
a
c
h
n
o
d
e
.
5
-
Ea
c
h
b
e
a
c
o
n
p
o
i
n
t
so
r
t
s
t
h
e
n
o
d
e
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
i
t
.
6
-
E
a
c
h
b
e
a
c
o
n
p
o
i
n
t
se
l
e
c
t
s
t
h
e
n
e
a
r
e
st
n
o
d
e
s
t
h
a
t
e
q
u
a
l
t
o
Th
c
l
us
t
e
r
v
a
l
u
e
t
o
j
o
i
n
t
i
t
.
7
-
T
h
e
r
e
st
n
o
d
e
s
j
o
i
n
t
t
o
n
e
a
r
e
st
b
e
a
c
o
n
p
o
i
n
t
.
8
-
Re
-
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
a
n
e
w
c
e
n
t
r
o
i
d
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
c
l
u
st
e
r
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
:
C
e
n
t
r
o
i
d
(
x,
y
)
=
(
(
1
∑
)
=
1
,
(
1
∑
=
1
)
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
8
9
4
-
2
9
0
2
2898
E
ac
h
b
ea
c
o
n
p
o
in
t
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
E
u
clid
ea
n
d
is
tan
ce
f
r
o
m
al
l
n
o
d
es
in
a
n
etwo
r
k
,
wh
er
e
ea
ch
b
ea
c
o
n
p
o
in
t
th
en
jo
in
s
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
ea
r
est
n
o
d
es
eq
u
al
to
T
h
cluster
v
alu
e.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
n
o
d
es
th
at
ar
e
s
til
l
non
-
jo
i
n
ted
will
jo
in
th
e
n
ea
r
est
b
ea
co
n
p
o
in
t
to
co
n
s
tr
u
c
t
th
e
f
in
al
clu
s
ter
s
,
th
i
s
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
en
s
u
r
es
th
at
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
clu
s
ter
s
ize
is
eq
u
al
to
o
r
g
r
ea
ter
th
a
n
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
lim
it
.
Af
ter
th
is
s
tep
,
ea
ch
clu
s
ter
will
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
n
ew
ce
n
tr
o
id
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
y
FC
M
an
d
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
lu
s
ter
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
y
FC
M
an
d
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
;
(
a)
FC
M,
(
b
)
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
I
mp
r
o
ve
d
fu
z
z
y
c
-
mea
n
s
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
b
a
s
ed
o
n
a
n
o
ve
l b
a
l
a
n
ce
d
clu
s
ters
.
.
.
(
A
li
A
b
d
u
l
-
h
u
s
s
ia
n
Ha
s
s
a
n
)
2899
5.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
A
ND
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANC
E
E
V
AL
U
AT
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
u
s
ed
Ma
tlab
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
d
e
p
en
d
e
d
o
n
th
e
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
en
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
wh
er
e
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es
is
1
0
0
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
r
ea
is
1
0
0
*
1
0
0
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
is
5
,
an
d
th
e
B
ase
Statio
n
is
lo
ca
ted
o
u
ts
id
e
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
at
p
o
s
itio
n
(
5
0
,
1
2
5
)
.
W
e
ap
p
lied
FC
M
an
d
F
C
M
-
C
M
f
o
r
s
ev
er
al
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
b
ased
o
n
liter
atu
r
e
,
th
e
s
q
u
ar
ed
e
u
clid
ea
n
d
is
tan
ce
n
o
r
m
was
u
tili
ze
d
as
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
in
b
o
th
F
C
M
an
d
FC
M
-
C
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
u
tili
ze
f
o
u
r
p
ar
am
eter
s
to
g
et
h
er
,
w
h
ich
h
a
d
u
s
ed
i
n
o
u
r
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
wo
r
k
[
2
6
]
,
wh
er
e
th
e
d
ep
en
d
en
cy
o
n
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
ize
am
o
n
g
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
alo
n
e
is
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
as
a
u
n
iq
u
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
th
is
n
etwo
r
k
to
h
av
e
b
alan
ce
d
clu
s
t
er
s
.
Fo
r
th
at
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
r
elies
o
n
a
s
et
o
f
p
ar
am
eter
s
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
it
h
m
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Size
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
u
s
in
g
FC
M
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
i
th
mmm
5
.
1
.
Va
ri
a
t
io
n f
o
r
clus
t
er
s
s
i
ze
(
V)
W
h
ich
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
e
d
is
s
im
ilar
ity
o
f
th
e
s
ize
am
o
n
g
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
(
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
m
em
b
er
n
o
d
es
in
ea
ch
clu
s
ter
)
.
W
h
er
e
th
e
s
m
aller
th
e
f
ac
to
r
,
th
e
b
etter
.
T
h
is
s
ig
n
if
ies th
at,
th
er
e
is
in
itially
b
alan
ce
in
clu
s
ter
s
s
ize.
=
∑
|
S
−
μ
|
2
(
5
)
=
∑
=
1
(
6
)
W
h
er
e
S
r
ef
er
s
to
clu
s
ter
s
ize
(
j)
an
d
r
ef
er
t
o
th
e
m
ea
n
o
f
cl
u
s
ter
s
s
ize.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
clu
s
ter
th
at
u
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ter
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n
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3
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ce
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en
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r
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ter
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m
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o
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le,
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r
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r
m
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th
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ith
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Fig
u
r
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5
,
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e
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ar
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r
FC
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is
2
3
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5
wh
ile
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e
v
ar
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r
FC
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C
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is
6
.
5
.
B
ased
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n
T
ab
le
2
o
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r
p
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ce
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m
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cl
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ter
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tu
ally
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ch
clu
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ter
[
2
7
]
.
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m
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15
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21
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20
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24
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20
19
20
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18
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18
21
3
16
27
16
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23
18
23
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22
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25
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21
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6
23
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22
18
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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1
6
9
3
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ig
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m
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ti
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n
ea
ch
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s
ter
is
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o
s
t
th
e
s
am
e,
wh
ich
lead
s
to
p
r
o
l
o
n
g
e
d
n
etwo
r
k
lif
etim
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Var
iatio
n
f
o
r
clu
s
ter
s
s
ize
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
STD
(
MSE
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f
o
r
FC
M
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
5
.
3
.
Clus
t
er
s
s
ize
ra
ng
e
(
CSR)
W
h
ich
m
ea
s
u
r
es
th
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atio
o
f
m
in
im
u
m
clu
s
ter
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ize
to
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e
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m
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h
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e
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ar
e
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g
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.
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to
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n
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r
r
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g
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c
h
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s
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m
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ter
s
.
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SR
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1
−
min
(
.
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(
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h
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s
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th
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cl
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ter
s
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izes
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m
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ize
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g
e,
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d
is
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d
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y
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ar
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eter
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2
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d
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e
6
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t
h
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ess
e
s
g
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v
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u
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o
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v
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e
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ith
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u
t
th
e
r
ati
o
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etwe
en
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clu
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ter
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ize
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ax
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s
ter
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ize
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al
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0
.
2
9
2
,
b
u
t in
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
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o
r
ith
m
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eq
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al
to
0
.
2
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ated
th
e
clu
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ter
s
s
ize
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an
g
e.
5
.
4
.
Co
s
t
di
f
f
er
ence
in t
he
di
s
t
a
nce
T
h
is
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alu
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n
p
ar
am
eter
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
e
x
tr
em
ely
im
p
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t
an
t
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r
th
e
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tal
e
n
er
g
y
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n
s
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m
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n
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is
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ce
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Hen
ce
,
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y
en
h
an
c
em
en
t o
n
th
e
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ter
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s
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d
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th
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im
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m
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f
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th
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m
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in
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o
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s
in
th
e
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r
ig
in
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o
r
ith
m
.
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h
e
co
s
t o
f
d
is
tan
ce
s
h
o
u
ld
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e
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m
all,
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o
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t
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m
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n
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B
ased
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n
T
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4
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e
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is
0
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0
1
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in
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
8
,
wh
ich
s
ig
n
if
i
es
th
at
wh
en
th
e
to
tal
d
is
tan
ce
in
FC
M
i
s
1
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3
3
m,
th
e
r
e
is
o
n
ly
14
m
as
a
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
co
s
t
d
is
tan
ce
f
o
r
t
he
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
wh
er
e
th
e
to
tal
d
is
tan
ce
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
1
6
4
7
m
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
r
e
is
n
o
b
ig
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
th
e
c
o
s
t o
f
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
FC
M
an
d
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
I
mp
r
o
ve
d
fu
z
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y
c
-
mea
n
s
a
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o
r
ith
m
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o
n
a
n
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l b
a
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ce
d
clu
s
ters
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(
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2901
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6
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ith
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6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
an
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
f
u
zz
y
c
-
m
ea
n
s
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
FC
M)
f
o
r
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
in
W
SN
s
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
im
b
alan
ce
d
clu
s
ter
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
,
wh
ich
h
as
ad
v
er
s
ely
im
p
ac
te
d
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
life
tim
e.
T
h
is
p
r
o
b
lem
was
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
n
o
d
es
d
e
p
lo
y
m
en
t,
wh
ich
f
o
r
ce
s
FC
M
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
u
n
b
alan
c
e
d
clu
s
ter
s
,
wh
at
d
et
r
im
en
tally
af
f
ec
ted
t
h
e
life
tim
e
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
en
h
an
c
em
en
t
o
f
FC
M
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
b
ased
o
n
a
clu
s
ter
’
s
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
wh
e
r
e
th
is
m
ec
h
an
is
m
m
o
d
if
ies
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
FC
M
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
elian
ce
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
ce
n
tr
o
id
f
r
o
m
th
e
FC
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
r
e
-
f
o
r
m
th
e
clu
s
ter
s
in
to
b
alan
ce
d
s
izes.
Ou
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
m
o
r
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
t
o
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
a
l
FC
M
in
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
o
f
b
alan
ce
d
clu
s
ter
s
in
th
r
ee
asp
ec
ts
,
wh
ich
ar
e:
th
e
m
em
b
er
n
o
d
es
in
ea
ch
clu
s
ter
,
in
tr
a
-
d
is
tan
ce
f
o
r
cl
u
s
ter
s
,
an
d
th
e
c
l
u
s
ter
s
s
ize
r
an
g
e,
with
tr
iv
ial
C
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
to
tal
d
is
tan
ce
in
t
h
e
wh
o
le
n
etwo
r
k
.
L
im
itatio
n
o
f
th
is
w
o
r
k
th
at
th
e
in
itial
ce
n
tr
o
id
s
o
f
th
e
FC
M
ar
e
s
elec
ted
r
an
d
o
m
ly
an
d
th
is
m
ay
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
f
in
al
r
esu
lt,
wh
er
e
th
i
s
is
s
u
e
will
ad
d
r
es
s
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
wo
r
k
.
AC
K
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
is
wo
r
k
f
u
lly
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
Un
iv
er
s
iti
T
ek
n
ik
al
Ma
lay
s
ia
Me
lak
a
UT
eM
-
Z
am
alah
Sch
em
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
au
t
h
o
r
s
wo
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
an
k
UT
eM
Z
am
alah
Sch
em
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
e
f
ac
ilit
ies
f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
E.
C.
I.
F
.
Ak
y
il
d
iz,
W.
S
u
,
Y.
S
a
n
k
a
ra
su
b
ra
m
a
n
iam
,
“
Wi
re
les
s
s
e
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s:
a
su
r
v
e
y
,
”
Co
m
p
u
t
er
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
,
v
o
l.
3
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
9
3
-
4
2
2
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
0
2
.
[2
]
A.
A.
Ha
ss
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Un
e
q
u
a
l
c
lu
ste
rin
g
ro
u
ti
n
g
a
l
g
o
ri
th
m
s
in
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s
:
A
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
d
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
i
n
Dy
n
a
mic
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
S
y
ste
m,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
0
2
,
p
p
.
2
1
4
2
-
2
1
5
6
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
S
.
Al
-
K
h
a
m
m
a
si,
D.
Alh
e
lal,
a
n
d
N.
S
.
Ali,
“
En
e
rg
y
e
fficie
n
t
c
l
u
st
e
r
b
a
se
d
r
o
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
d
y
n
a
m
ic
a
n
d
sta
ti
c
n
o
d
e
s
i
n
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
(
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
C
o
mp
u
t.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l.
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
9
7
4
-
1
9
8
1
,
Oc
to
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
6
,
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
8
9
4
-
2
9
0
2
2902
[4
]
M
.
E
l
F
issa
o
u
i,
S
.
Be
n
k
iran
e
,
A.
Be
n
i
-
h
ss
a
n
e
,
a
n
d
M
.
S
a
a
d
i
,
“
S
c
a
l
a
b
il
it
y
A
wa
re
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
d
issi
p
a
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
ls
fo
r
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
.
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
.
Co
m
p
u
t
er
.
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
2
4
-
4
3
1
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
P
.
M
a
ra
th
a
a
n
d
P
.
Ka
p
il
,
“
A
C
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
stu
d
y
o
n
p
ro
m
i
n
e
n
t
stra
t
e
g
ies
o
f
c
l
u
ste
r
h
e
a
d
se
lec
ti
o
n
in
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s
,
”
IIn
te
g
ra
ted
In
telli
g
e
n
t
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
,
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
S
e
c
u
rity.
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
,
p
p
.
3
7
3
–
3
8
4
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
S
.
Al
-
Au
g
b
y
,
S
.
M
a
jew
sk
i
,
A.
M
a
jew
sk
a
,
a
n
d
K.
Ne
rm
e
n
d
,
“
A
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
K
-
m
e
a
n
s
a
n
d
fu
z
z
y
C
-
m
e
a
n
s
c
lu
ste
rin
g
m
e
th
o
d
s
fo
r
a
sa
m
p
le
o
f
g
u
lf
c
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
c
o
u
n
c
il
st
o
c
k
m
a
rk
e
ts
,
”
Fo
li
a
Oe
c
o
n
o
mic
a
S
tetin
.
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
9
-
3
6
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
5.
[7
]
Z.
Ce
b
e
c
i
a
n
d
F
.
Yil
d
iz,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
K
-
M
e
a
n
s
a
n
d
F
u
z
z
y
C
-
M
e
a
n
s
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
o
n
d
iffere
n
t
c
l
u
ste
r
stru
c
tu
re
s
,
”
J
.
Ag
ric
.
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
-
2
3
,
Oc
t
o
b
e
r
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
S
.
W
.
G
u
a
n
g
u
l,
“
Th
e
e
ffe
c
ts
o
f
se
g
m
e
n
tatio
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
i
n
d
ig
it
a
l
ima
g
e
b
a
se
d
id
e
n
ti
fica
t
io
n
o
f
e
t
h
io
p
ia
n
p
a
p
e
r
c
u
rre
n
c
y
,
”
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
.
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
C
o
mp
u
t
er
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
6
-
1
1
1
0
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2018.
[9
]
A.
A.
Ha
ss
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Clu
ste
rin
g
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
i
n
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s
b
a
se
d
o
n
K
-
m
e
a
n
s :
li
m
it
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Rec
e
n
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(IJ
RT
E)
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
1
9
-
1
2
6
,
Ap
r
il
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
A.
Ra
y
a
n
d
D.
De
,
“
E
n
e
rg
y
e
fficie
n
t
c
lu
ste
rin
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
b
a
se
d
o
n
K
-
m
e
a
n
s (E
ECP
K
-
m
e
a
n
s)
-
m
id
p
o
in
t
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
n
e
two
rk
li
fe
ti
m
e
in
wi
re
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
,
”
IET
W
ir
e
l
e
ss
S
e
n
s
or
S
y
st
em
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
8
1
-
1
9
1
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2016.
[1
1
]
S
.
S
u
a
n
d
S
.
Zh
a
o
,
“
An
o
p
ti
m
a
l
c
lu
ste
rin
g
m
e
c
h
a
n
ism
b
a
se
d
o
n
F
u
z
z
y
-
C
m
e
a
n
s
fo
r
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le
C
o
mp
u
er
.
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
S
y
st
em
,
v
o
l.
1
8
,
p
p
.
1
2
7
-
1
3
4
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
8
.
[1
2
]
S
.
De
h
g
h
a
n
i
a
n
d
B
.
Ba
re
k
a
tain
,
“
An
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
e
n
e
rg
y
-
a
wa
re
c
l
u
ste
r
-
b
a
se
d
r
o
u
ti
n
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
in
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s
,
”
W
ire
l.
Per
s.
C
o
mm
u
n
.
,
v
o
l.
9
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
6
0
5
-
1
6
3
5
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
.
[1
3
]
K.
Ha
se
e
b
,
K.
A.
Ba
k
a
r,
A.
H.
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
,
a
n
d
T.
Da
rwish
,
“
Ad
a
p
t
iv
e
e
n
e
rg
y
a
wa
re
c
lu
ste
r
-
b
a
se
d
ro
u
t
in
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
wire
les
s se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s,”
W
ire
l
e
ss
Ne
two
rk
s
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
A.
K.
Ka
u
sh
i
k
a
n
d
A.
I
.
Kh
a
n
,
“
An
imp
ro
v
e
d
f
u
z
z
y
-
c
o
n
tro
l
b
a
se
d
e
n
e
rg
y
e
fficie
n
t
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
,
”
in
2
0
1
6
3
rd
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
In
teg
ra
te
d
Ne
two
rk
s
(S
PI
N)
,
p
p
.
6
1
0
-
6
1
5
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
1
6
.
[1
5
]
K.
Ya
n
g
,
Y.
W
u
,
a
n
d
H.
Zh
o
u
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
f
o
p
ti
m
a
l
e
n
e
rg
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
,
”
in
2
0
1
0
2
n
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
p
p
.
4
2
1
-
4
2
4
,
Ap
ri
l
2
0
1
0
.
[1
6
]
E.
Re
z
a
e
i,
A.
A.
Ba
ra
d
a
ra
n
,
a
n
d
A
.
He
y
d
a
ri
y
a
n
,
“
M
u
lt
i
-
h
o
p
r
o
u
t
in
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
u
sin
g
ste
i
n
e
r
p
o
i
n
ts
f
o
r
r
e
d
u
c
in
g
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
in
wire
les
s se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s
,
”
W
ire
l.
Per
s.
Co
mm
u
n
.
,
v
o
l.
8
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
7
-
1
5
7
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
M
.
Ha
d
ji
la
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A Hy
b
rid
Clu
ste
r
a
n
d
Ch
a
i
n
-
b
a
se
d
R
o
u
t
in
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
l
f
o
r
Li
fe
ti
m
e
Im
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
WS
N,”
2
0
1
5
.
[1
8
]
O.
M
.
D.
Alia,
“
A
d
e
c
e
n
tralize
d
f
u
z
z
y
c
-
m
e
a
n
s
-
b
a
se
d
e
n
e
rg
y
-
e
fficie
n
t
ro
u
ti
n
g
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
f
o
r
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
Th
e
Sc
ien
t
if
ic
W
o
rld
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
Au
g
u
st
2
0
1
4
.
[1
9
]
A.
Bo
u
y
e
r,
“
A
Ne
w
Ap
p
ro
a
c
h
fo
r
De
c
re
a
sin
g
En
e
rg
y
i
n
Wi
re
les
s
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
two
r
k
s
wit
h
Hy
b
ri
d
L
EACH
P
ro
t
o
c
o
l
a
n
d
F
u
z
z
y
C
-
M
e
a
n
s
Alg
o
r
it
h
m
,
”
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
.
Ne
two
rk
s
a
n
d
Distr
ib
u
te
d
S
y
st
e
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
4
,
Oc
t
2
0
1
4
.
[2
0
]
A.
K.
Ka
u
s
h
ik
,
“
A
H
y
b
ri
d
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
o
f
F
u
z
z
y
C
-
m
e
a
n
s
Cl
u
ste
ri
n
g
a
n
d
Ne
u
ra
l
n
e
two
r
k
t
o
m
a
k
e
En
e
rg
y
-
Eff
icie
n
t
h
e
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
Wi
re
les
s
S
e
n
so
r
,
”
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
er
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
7
4
-
6
8
1
,
Ap
r
il
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
Ay
u
b
S
.
a
n
d
B
a
b
a
k
M
.
,
“
A
n
E
n
e
rg
y
-
E
±
c
ien
t
C
lu
ste
rin
g
Al
g
o
r
it
h
m
Us
in
g
F
u
z
z
y
C
-
M
e
a
n
s
a
n
d
G
e
n
e
ti
c
F
u
z
z
y
S
y
ste
m
fo
r
W
irele
ss
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Circ
u
it
s,
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
2
]
D.
Th
a
n
h
,
L.
Ho
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
V.
Tr
o
n
g
,
“
No
v
e
l
fu
z
z
y
c
lu
ste
ri
n
g
sc
h
e
m
e
fo
r
3
D
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
Ap
p
l
ie
d
S
o
f
t
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
p
p
.
1
4
1
-
1
4
9
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
7
.
[2
3
]
E.
G
.
Nih
a
d
,
E.
El
M
o
k
h
tar,
Z.
Ab
d
e
lh
a
m
id
,
a
n
d
A.
A
.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
“
Hy
b
rid
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
fu
z
z
y
C
-
m
e
a
n
s
a
n
d
th
e
K
-
n
e
a
re
st
n
e
ig
h
b
o
rs
m
e
th
o
d
s
d
u
ri
n
g
th
e
re
tri
e
v
e
p
h
a
se
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
c
a
se
b
a
se
d
re
a
so
n
i
n
g
f
o
r
p
e
rso
n
a
li
z
e
d
fo
ll
o
w
-
u
p
o
f
lea
rn
e
rs
in
re
a
l
t
i
m
e
,
”
In
t
er
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
Co
mp
u
t
er
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
4
9
3
9
-
4
9
5
0
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
R.
Am
in
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
n
a
n
o
n
y
m
it
y
-
p
re
se
rv
in
g
t
h
re
e
-
fa
c
to
r
a
u
th
e
n
ti
c
a
ted
k
e
y
e
x
c
h
a
n
g
e
p
ro
to
c
o
l
fo
r
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
r
k
s,”
Co
m
p
u
t
.
Ne
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l.
1
0
1
,
p
p
.
4
2
-
6
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
6
.
[2
5
]
K.
V.
Ra
jk
u
m
a
r,
A.
Ye
su
b
a
b
u
,
a
n
d
K.
S
u
b
ra
h
m
a
n
y
a
m
,
“
F
u
z
z
y
c
lu
ste
rin
g
a
n
d
F
u
z
z
y
C
-
M
e
a
n
s
p
a
rti
ti
o
n
c
lu
ste
r
a
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
v
a
li
d
a
ti
o
n
stu
d
ies
o
n
a
su
b
se
t
o
f
Cit
e
S
c
o
re
d
a
tas
e
t,
”
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
E
lec
tr
ica
l
Co
m
p
u
t
er
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
7
6
0
-
2
7
7
0
,
Au
g
u
st
2
0
1
9
.
[2
6
]
A.
A.
Ha
ss
a
n
,
W
.
S
h
a
h
,
M
.
F
a
ir
u
z
,
a
n
d
I.
Ot
h
m
a
n
,
“
E
v
a
lu
a
te
t
h
e
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
K
-
M
e
a
n
s
a
n
d
th
e
f
u
z
z
y
C
-
M
e
a
n
s
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
to
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
b
a
lan
c
e
d
c
lu
ste
rs
in
wire
les
s
se
n
so
r
n
e
two
rk
s,”
In
t
e
rn
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
El
e
c
tr
ica
l
Co
mp
u
t
er
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
1
5
-
1
5
2
3
,
Ap
r
il
2
0
2
0
.
[2
7
]
H.
Ka
rim,
S
.
R.
Nia
k
a
n
,
a
n
d
R
.
S
a
fd
a
ri,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
two
rk
train
i
n
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
fo
r
c
las
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