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)
g
r
o
w
th
b
y
5
8
%
w
h
ic
h
is
h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
m
icr
o
alg
ae
w
it
h
o
u
t
P
A
FT
[
2
2
]
.
So
u
n
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
i
n
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
0
.
1
-
1
k
Hz
w
it
h
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
f
o
r
3
h
o
u
r
s
ca
n
i
n
cr
e
ase
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
i
t
y
o
f
lett
u
ce
,
s
p
i
n
ac
h
,
co
tto
n
,
r
ice,
an
d
w
h
ea
t
p
lan
t
s
b
y
1
9
.
6
,
2
2
.
7
,
1
1
.
4
,
5
.
7
,
an
d
1
7
.
0
%,
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
P
A
FT
ap
p
licatio
n
h
as
also
b
e
en
p
r
o
v
en
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
h
elf
li
f
e
an
d
f
r
u
it
q
u
alit
y
a
f
ter
h
ar
v
e
s
t
[
2
3
]
.
Me
n
g
[
2
4
]
p
r
o
v
ed
th
at
P
A
FT
w
as
ab
le
to
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
s
y
n
t
h
esi
s
p
r
o
c
ess
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
er
tili
ze
r
s
in
p
la
n
ts
.
P
A
FT
h
as a
ls
o
b
ee
n
s
h
o
w
n
to
b
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
i
n
s
t
i
m
u
lat
in
g
v
eg
etativ
e
g
r
o
w
th
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
p
lan
t
s
p
ec
ies,
s
u
c
h
as
C
u
c
u
r
b
ita
p
ep
o
[
2
5
]
;
Ger
b
er
a
j
am
eso
n
ii
[
2
6
]
,
Or
y
za
s
a
tiv
a
[
2
7
]
,
Den
d
r
o
b
iu
m
o
f
f
icin
a
le
[
2
8
]
,
A
lo
e
ar
b
o
r
escen
s
[
2
9
]
,
an
d
C
o
r
y
lu
s
av
e
llan
a
[
3
0
]
,
w
h
ic
h
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
en
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
g
er
m
i
n
atio
n
in
d
e
x
,
s
h
o
o
t
h
eig
h
t,
p
lan
t
f
r
es
h
w
ei
g
h
t,
a
n
d
r
o
o
t
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
o
d
u
cti
v
it
y
.
Qi
[
3
1
]
also
p
r
o
v
ed
in
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
th
at
P
A
FT
is
also
u
s
e
f
u
l f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
d
is
ea
s
e
r
es
is
tan
ce
in
p
la
n
ts
.
L
ett
u
ce
is
a
p
o
p
u
lar
v
eg
etab
le
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
m
a
n
y
h
ea
l
th
b
en
ef
its
[
3
2
]
.
On
e
ty
p
e
o
f
lettu
ce
p
lan
t
is
r
ed
lettu
ce
(
L
ac
t
u
ca
s
ati
v
a
)
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
r
ed
co
lo
r
ed
leav
es
.
T
h
e
r
ed
co
lo
r
o
f
lettu
ce
i
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
i
ts
h
i
g
h
an
th
o
c
y
an
in
co
n
ten
t
w
h
i
c
h
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ai
n
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
s
f
o
u
n
d
in
r
ed
lettu
ce
[
3
3
]
.
L
ett
u
ce
is
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
in
v
ar
io
u
s
t
y
p
es
o
f
f
o
o
d
p
r
ep
ar
a
tio
n
s
,
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
lettu
ce
p
la
n
ts
,
esp
ec
iall
y
r
ed
l
ettu
ce
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
a
m
u
c
h
h
i
g
h
er
n
u
tr
it
io
n
al
co
n
ten
t.
Hig
h
an
t
h
o
c
y
a
n
i
n
co
n
ten
t
in
r
ed
lettu
ce
ca
n
ad
d
h
ig
h
er
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
an
d
an
tio
x
id
an
t
v
al
u
es
th
a
n
in
g
r
ee
n
lett
u
ce
[
3
4
-
3
6
]
.
I
n
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
B
ec
k
er
an
d
Kl
ar
in
g
[
3
7
]
,
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
i
n
C
O2
w
a
s
p
r
o
v
en
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
p
h
en
o
l
co
n
te
n
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
o
f
r
ed
lett
u
ce
.
L
i
g
h
t
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ettin
g
s
in
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
Ka
w
asa
k
i
[
3
8
]
ca
n
in
c
r
ea
s
e
p
o
ly
p
h
e
n
o
l
co
n
te
n
t
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
o
f
r
ed
lettu
ce
p
la
n
ts
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
r
ed
lettu
ce
p
lan
ts
is
s
till
m
o
s
tl
y
co
n
d
u
ct
ed
in
co
n
v
en
t
io
n
al
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
n
ics
[
3
9
]
.
Un
f
o
r
tu
n
ate
l
y
,
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
w
i
th
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
p
ar
a
m
eter
co
n
tr
o
l
h
as
b
ee
n
li
m
ited
,
s
p
ec
if
icall
y
w
it
h
P
A
FT
ap
p
licatio
n
w
h
ic
h
h
a
s
b
ee
n
th
o
u
g
h
t
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
i
t
y
o
f
r
ed
lettu
ce
in
th
e
clo
s
ed
b
io
-
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
was
to
ex
a
m
i
n
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
o
f
P
A
FT
o
n
th
e
v
eg
etat
i
v
e
g
r
o
w
th
o
f
r
ed
-
lettu
ce
p
lan
ts
.
T
h
e
s
o
u
n
d
u
tili
ze
d
as
P
A
FT
is
th
e
s
o
u
n
d
o
f
tr
ad
itio
n
al
J
av
an
ese
m
u
s
ic
o
f
g
a
m
elan
w
i
t
h
th
e
titl
e
P
u
s
p
a
w
ar
n
a
[
4
0
]
.
I
n
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
i
t
h
a
s
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
en
th
at
J
av
a
n
e
s
e
g
a
m
ela
n
m
u
s
ic
i
s
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
ty
p
es o
f
m
u
s
ic
s
u
c
h
as r
o
ck
an
d
j
az
z
[
4
1
]
.
T
h
e
tr
ea
tm
en
ts
in
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
in
clu
d
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
i
n
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
le
v
el
an
d
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
t
i
m
e.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
i
n
th
e
Me
c
h
atr
o
n
ic
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
f
Ag
r
o
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
T
o
o
ls
an
d
Ma
ch
i
n
es,
Dep
ar
t
m
en
t
o
f
A
g
r
ic
u
lt
u
r
al
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Fac
u
lt
y
o
f
Ag
r
icu
l
tu
r
al
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
B
r
a
w
ij
a
y
a
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
,
Ma
lan
g
.
T
o
o
ls
u
s
ed
in
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
in
cl
u
d
ed
:
1
)
T
h
e
clo
s
ed
ch
a
m
b
er
in
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
as
a
p
lace
f
o
r
cu
lti
v
atio
n
o
f
r
ed
-
lett
u
ce
;
2
)
Sp
ea
k
er
A
d
v
an
ce
d
u
o
0
5
0
,
as
a
s
o
u
n
d
s
o
u
r
ce
;
3
)
R
T
C
DS3
2
3
1
,
u
s
ed
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
ti
m
i
n
g
o
f
v
o
tin
g
;
4
)
R
ela
y
4
c
h
a
n
n
el
5
v
o
lt
s
,
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
s
p
ea
k
er
a
u
to
m
atic
all
y
;
5
)
AC
to
D
C
1
2
V1
0
A
P
o
w
er
S
u
p
p
l
y
,
as
a
n
elec
tr
o
n
ic
cir
cu
it
o
f
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
;
6
)
A
r
d
u
in
o
u
n
o
at
m
e
g
a,
as
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
r
u
n
a
u
to
m
at
io
n
;
7
)
MP3
Dec
o
d
er
5
v
o
lt (
m
o
n
o
s
p
ea
k
er
)
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as a
s
o
u
n
d
g
e
n
er
at
o
r
; 8
)
So
u
n
d
lev
el
m
eter
(
E
x
te
ch
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
)
,
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
s
o
u
n
d
lev
e
ls
;
9
)
H
y
g
r
o
m
eter
(
An
y
m
etr
e
m
o
d
el:
T
H1
0
8
)
,
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
air
h
u
m
id
it
y
lev
e
ls
;
1
0
)
T
h
er
m
o
m
eter
(
A
n
y
m
etr
e
m
o
d
el:
T
H1
0
8
)
,
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
le
v
el
o
f
t
h
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t;
1
1
)
L
u
x
Me
ter
(
T
ax
i
8
7
2
0
)
,
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
i
n
te
n
s
i
t
y
o
f
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
li
g
h
t
;
1
2
)
I
m
a
g
e
an
al
y
s
is
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ap
p
licatio
n
,
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
r
ed
le
af
co
lo
r
in
d
e
x
;
1
3
)
Dig
i
tal
Sca
les
(
I
-
2
0
0
0
)
an
d
(
C
a
m
r
y
)
,
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
w
et
w
eig
h
t
o
f
p
lan
t
s
;
1
4
)
Ol
y
m
p
u
s
C
X4
3
B
in
o
cu
lar
Mic
r
o
s
co
p
e,
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
w
id
th
o
f
t
h
e
s
to
m
ata
o
p
en
in
g
.
Ma
ter
ials
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
i
n
cl
u
d
e
d
:
1
)
r
ed
-
lettu
ce
s
ee
d
s
,
as
t
h
e
m
ai
n
o
b
j
ec
t
o
f
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t;
2
)
v
er
m
ic
o
m
p
o
s
t f
er
tili
ze
r
,
as
s
o
il
o
r
g
an
ic
m
atter
a
n
d
n
u
tr
ie
n
ts
f
o
r
p
lan
ts
;
3
)
o
r
g
an
ic
liq
u
id
f
er
tili
ze
r
,
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
lan
t
n
u
tr
i
t
io
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
g
r
o
w
t
h
;
4
)
n
ail
p
o
lis
h
,
as t
h
e
s
to
m
a
ta
p
r
in
ti
n
g
m
ed
iu
m
o
f
t
h
e
lea
f
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
d
s
e
v
er
al
g
r
o
w
t
h
ch
a
m
b
er
s
w
ith
a
s
ize
o
f
1
5
0
×
1
0
0
cm
p
lace
d
in
a
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e.
E
ac
h
g
r
o
w
t
h
c
h
a
m
b
er
h
ad
t
w
o
s
p
ea
k
er
s
p
lace
d
i
n
t
h
e
u
p
p
er
ce
n
ter
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
c
h
a
m
b
er
as
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
s
p
ea
k
er
s
i
n
th
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
c
h
a
m
b
er
w
er
e
ar
r
an
g
ed
d
o
w
n
w
ar
d
s
f
ac
i
n
g
th
e
p
lan
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at
a
d
i
s
tan
c
e
o
f
6
0
cm
.
T
h
e
p
lan
ts
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
w
er
e
r
ed
-
lett
u
ce
p
lan
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s
w
h
ic
h
w
er
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1
4
d
ay
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af
ter
s
ee
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lin
g
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
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e,
r
ed
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lettu
ce
p
la
n
ts
w
er
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g
i
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P
A
FT
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ea
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m
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1
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at
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0
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at
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h
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P
u
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d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
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Vo
l.
18
,
No
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4
,
A
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0
:
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5
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2044
to
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e
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t
m
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t
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y
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th
e
Au
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ac
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y
ap
p
licatio
n
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h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
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m
en
t
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lt
s
o
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ea
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h
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r
eq
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en
c
y
lev
el
w
er
e
p
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in
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g
u
r
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2
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Fig
u
r
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1
.
P
A
FT
d
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lett
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ce
cu
lti
v
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n
ch
a
m
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er
(
a)
(
b
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(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
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etti
n
g
s
b
y
u
s
in
g
Au
d
ac
it
y
: (
a)
3
-
5
k
Hz;
(
b
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-
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k
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(
c)
11
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3
k
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Dete
r
m
i
n
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n
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
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t
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
f
r
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e
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y
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m
e
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f
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p
o
s
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r
e
in
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
w
as
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ased
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n
p
r
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h
w
it
h
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ar
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th
e
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r
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c
y
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f
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7
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,
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d
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1
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1
3
k
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w
it
h
v
ar
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n
s
in
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
f
o
r
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2
,
an
d
3
h
o
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r
s
.
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h
e
s
o
u
n
d
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te
n
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it
y
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el
at
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c
h
tr
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m
en
t
w
as
s
i
m
ilar
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n
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h
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
6
8
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6
d
b
.
C
o
n
tr
o
l
p
lan
ts
th
at
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n
o
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g
et
P
A
FT
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ea
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t
w
er
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ed
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a
c
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ar
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p
lan
ts
th
a
t
r
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eiv
ed
P
A
FT
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ea
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e
n
t.
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o
o
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ti
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ize
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h
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
r
ed
-
l
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la
n
ts
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e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ta
l
c
o
n
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i
tio
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ad
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u
n
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f
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r
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l
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ea
t
m
e
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ts
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So
m
e
o
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e
e
n
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ir
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ar
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eter
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r
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n
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d
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ar
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eter
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ch
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h
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m
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tr
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c
m
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ea
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cm
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w
et
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e
ig
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g
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d
r
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ea
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n
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a
s
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n
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m
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f
lea
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as
co
n
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cted
b
y
co
u
n
ti
n
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
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ch
leaf
i
n
t
h
e
p
la
n
t.
Selecte
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lea
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w
er
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f
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m
leav
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s
t
h
at
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ad
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n
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en
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lan
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ig
h
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s
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r
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m
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t
s
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ase
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m
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y
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m
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w
e
ig
h
t
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p
lan
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R
ed
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lett
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ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
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KOM
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A
T
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m
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eq
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2045
p
lan
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w
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Me
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RE
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S AN
D
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AL
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Fi
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r
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f
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is
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h
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w
it
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t
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m
e
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t.
R
ed
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th
t
h
e
tr
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t
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e
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t
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b
etter
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h
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ig
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er
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d
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m
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r
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m
p
ar
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la
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ts
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e
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r
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w
th
o
f
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s
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
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lan
ts
w
i
th
o
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t P
A
FT
(
co
n
tr
o
l)
.
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5
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Hz,
1
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u
r
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o
u
r
s
)
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3
h
o
u
r
s
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1
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r
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s
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h
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Fig
u
r
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3
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r
o
w
t
h
w
it
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P
AFT
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d
w
it
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t P
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Fro
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v
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e
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Fi
g
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r
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4
,
it
w
a
s
ap
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at
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h
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i
g
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tr
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8
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ea
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s
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e
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ess
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m
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tr
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ess
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eg
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g
r
o
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t
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w
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n
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ter
esti
n
g
p
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in
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e
P
A
FT
ex
p
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e
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2
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h
er
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a
m
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r
eq
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e
n
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el
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ed
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e
r
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m
ea
n
v
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o
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t
h
e
lea
f
.
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h
e
m
a
g
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itu
d
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o
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th
e
r
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m
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n
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n
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e
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w
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t
c
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m
p
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y
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f
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A
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h
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icate
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et
w
ee
n
p
lan
ts
w
i
th
P
A
FT
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
0
:
2
0
4
2
-
2
0
5
2
2046
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
p
lan
ts
w
it
h
o
u
t
P
AFT
.
I
n
th
i
s
ca
s
e,
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
a
n
t
h
o
c
y
a
n
i
n
i
n
t
h
e
r
ed
co
lo
r
o
f
r
ed
-
lettu
ce
p
lan
ts
w
a
s
m
o
r
e
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
d
b
y
g
en
etic
s
,
te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e,
an
d
lig
h
t [
4
2
]
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
w
e
t
w
ei
g
h
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
lan
t,
it
w
as
f
o
u
n
d
th
a
t
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
a
v
er
ag
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
th
e
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
w
a
s
in
th
e
3
-
5
k
Hz
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
an
d
th
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
w
as
2
h
o
u
r
s
w
it
h
a
w
et
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
4
g
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
lo
w
est
w
et
w
ei
g
h
t
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
r
es
u
lts
w
er
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
1
1
-
1
3
k
Hz
w
ith
2
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
w
it
h
a
w
et
weig
h
t
o
f
1
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0
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g
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
o
f
t
h
e
o
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s
er
v
atio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
w
et
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
ed
-
le
ttu
ce
p
lan
t
w
it
h
th
e
a
v
er
a
g
e
r
ep
licated
d
ata
b
et
w
ee
n
e
ac
h
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
w
a
s
d
ep
icted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
i
n
d
icate
d
an
al
m
o
s
t
u
n
if
o
r
m
p
atter
n
in
P
AFT
w
it
h
2
-
a
n
d
3
-
h
o
u
r
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
er
e
w
as
a
te
n
d
en
c
y
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
le
v
el
o
f
P
A
FT
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
w
et
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
lan
t.
A
n
in
ter
esti
n
g
p
atter
n
w
a
s
also
d
ep
icted
in
th
e
7
-
9
k
Hz
P
A
FT
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
le
v
el
w
h
er
e
th
e
ten
d
en
c
y
o
f
p
lan
t
w
e
t
w
ei
g
h
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
alo
n
g
w
it
h
lo
n
g
er
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
at
th
a
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
.
A
N
OV
A
s
tatis
tica
l
test
w
as
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
r
ea
l
lev
el
(
α
=
0
.
0
5
)
in
w
h
ich
i
t
w
as
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
with
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
v
ar
iatio
n
h
ad
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
p
lan
t
w
et
w
e
ig
h
t;
w
h
ile
t
h
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
h
ad
an
i
n
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
w
et
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
r
ed
-
lett
u
ce
p
lan
ts
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
f
u
r
t
h
er
te
s
ts
o
f
DM
R
T
w
it
h
a
5
%
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
lev
e
l,
th
e
r
esu
lts
i
n
d
ic
ated
th
at
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
v
ar
iat
io
n
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
w
as
at
3
-
5
k
Hz
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
Fro
m
t
h
ese
r
esu
lts
,
it
w
as
ap
p
ar
en
t
th
at
P
A
FT
h
ad
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
n
th
e
w
et
w
e
ig
h
t
o
f
r
ed
-
lett
u
ce
p
lan
ts
w
h
er
e
th
e
b
es
t
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
w
a
s
at
3
-
5
k
Hz
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
w
it
h
an
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
o
f
2
h
o
u
r
s
.
W
et
w
ei
g
h
t
o
r
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
ca
l
le
d
p
lan
t
f
r
e
s
h
w
eig
h
t
w
a
s
th
e
in
it
ial
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
th
e
p
lan
t
af
ter
h
ar
v
e
s
ti
n
g
a
n
d
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
h
ad
n
o
t
w
ith
er
ed
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
p
lan
t
b
io
m
ass
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Hu
a
n
g
[
4
3
]
,
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
p
h
o
to
s
y
n
t
h
esi
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
b
io
ch
e
m
ical
r
ea
ctio
n
ca
lled
p
lan
t
b
io
m
as
s
.
I
n
th
e
r
esear
c
h
o
f
Ha
s
s
a
n
ie
n
[
4
4
]
,
th
e
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
o
f
g
iv
i
n
g
s
o
u
n
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
to
p
lan
ts
ca
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
a
b
etter
w
et
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
p
la
n
ts
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
lan
ts
w
i
th
o
u
t
P
AFT
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t.
I
n
h
i
s
r
esear
ch
,
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
t
h
e
w
et
w
eig
h
t
o
f
p
lan
ts
ca
n
r
ea
ch
u
p
to
2
5
.
6
3
% g
r
ea
ter
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
lan
ts
w
it
h
o
u
t P
A
FT
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
v
ar
iatio
n
a
n
d
P
A
FT
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
to
th
e
r
ed
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
o
f
r
ed
-
le
ttu
ce
lea
v
es
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
v
ar
iatio
n
s
i
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
an
d
t
i
m
e
o
f
P
A
FT
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
th
e
w
e
t
w
eig
h
t o
f
r
ed
-
lett
u
c
e
p
lan
ts
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
la
n
t
d
r
y
w
ei
g
h
t
in
d
icate
d
th
a
t
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
av
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
w
as
at
3
-
5
k
Hz
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
w
it
h
2
h
o
u
r
s
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
a
n
d
w
it
h
a
d
r
y
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
0
.
2
2
g
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
th
e
lo
w
est
v
al
u
e
w
a
s
o
n
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
1
1
-
1
3
k
Hz
an
d
2
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
w
it
h
a
d
r
y
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
0
.
0
4
g
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
P
la
n
t a
co
u
s
tic
fr
eq
u
en
cy
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l sys
tem
…
(
Yu
s
u
f H
en
d
r
a
w
a
n
)
2047
d
ep
ictin
g
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
d
r
y
w
ei
g
h
t
o
b
s
er
v
at
io
n
o
f
r
ed
-
lett
u
ce
p
lan
ts
w
it
h
av
er
ag
e
r
ep
licatio
n
d
ata
b
etw
ee
n
ea
c
h
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
w
a
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
p
atter
n
o
n
p
lan
t
d
r
y
w
ei
g
h
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
w
a
s
g
e
n
er
all
y
s
i
m
i
lar
to
th
e
w
e
t
w
ei
g
h
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
g
r
ap
h
p
atter
n
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
o
f
P
AFT
2
h
o
u
r
s
,
d
r
y
w
ei
g
h
t
p
atter
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
alo
n
g
w
it
h
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
le
v
el
o
f
P
A
F
T
g
iv
e
n
to
p
lan
ts
.
A
t
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
o
f
7
-
9
k
Hz,
t
h
e
r
es
u
lt
i
n
d
icat
ed
a
s
i
m
ilar
p
atter
n
b
et
w
ee
n
w
et
w
e
ig
h
t
a
n
d
d
r
y
w
eig
h
t
o
f
p
lan
ts
;
w
h
e
n
m
o
r
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
w
as
ad
d
ed
,
th
e
d
r
y
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
p
la
n
ts
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
Fro
m
t
h
e
A
NO
V
A
s
tat
is
tical
te
s
t
r
esu
lt
s
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
a
r
ea
l
le
v
el
(
α
=
0
.
0
5
)
,
it
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
t
h
e
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
w
it
h
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
v
ar
iatio
n
s
h
ad
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ef
f
ec
t,
w
h
i
le
th
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
h
ad
n
o
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
an
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
r
ed
-
lettu
ce
p
lan
t
s
.
Fr
o
m
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
f
u
r
th
er
tes
ts
o
f
D
MRT
w
it
h
a
5
%
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
le
v
el,
th
e
r
esu
lts
i
n
d
icate
d
th
a
t
th
e
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
v
ar
iatio
n
s
h
ad
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ef
f
ec
t
at
3
-
5
k
Hz
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
Fro
m
t
h
ese
r
es
u
lt
s
,
it
w
a
s
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
th
e
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
AFT
c
an
h
a
v
e
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
e
f
f
ec
t
o
n
t
h
e
d
r
y
w
eig
h
t
o
f
r
ed
-
lettu
ce
w
it
h
th
e
b
es
t
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
at
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
3
-
5
k
Hz
a
n
d
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
o
f
2
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
w
er
e
i
n
li
n
e
w
i
th
s
e
v
er
al
s
tu
d
ie
s
b
y
Ha
s
s
a
n
ie
n
[
4
4
]
,
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
d
r
y
w
ei
g
h
t
o
f
p
lan
ts
g
i
v
e
n
P
AFT
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
in
d
icate
d
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
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t P
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ar
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m
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s
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eter
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n
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g
th
e
v
eg
e
tativ
e
g
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w
t
h
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Fro
m
t
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e
o
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er
v
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a
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lea
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ar
ea
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ar
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eter
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w
a
s
r
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at
th
e
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i
g
h
e
s
t
av
er
ag
e
v
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lu
e
w
as
in
th
e
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
3
-
5
k
Hz
an
d
th
e
ex
p
o
s
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r
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ti
m
e
o
f
2
h
o
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r
s
w
it
h
a
leaf
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ea
v
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o
f
2
7
.
1
9
cm
2
.
T
h
e
lo
w
est
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f
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v
al
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es
w
er
e
in
t
h
e
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
f
r
eq
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e
n
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y
o
f
1
1
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Hz
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d
th
e
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m
e
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r
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leaf
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ea
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e
o
f
6
.
2
1
cm
2
.
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h
e
r
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lts
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
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g
leaf
ar
ea
w
ith
v
ar
io
u
s
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
P
A
FT
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
w
h
ich
p
r
esen
t
ed
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
P
AFT
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
an
d
leaf
ar
ea
i
n
d
icate
d
a
s
i
m
i
lar
p
atter
n
in
ea
ch
P
A
FT
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
p
la
n
t
lea
f
ar
ea
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
alo
n
g
w
i
th
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
le
v
el
o
f
P
AFT
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
.
Fro
m
th
e
ANOV
A
s
tatis
t
ical
te
s
t
w
it
h
a
r
ea
l
le
v
e
l
(
α
=
0
.
0
5
)
,
it
w
as
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
th
e
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
w
it
h
a
ce
r
t
ain
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
l
ev
el
h
ad
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
e
f
f
ec
t,
w
h
ile
t
h
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
h
ad
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in
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
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ed
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lett
u
ce
.
T
h
e
r
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lt
o
f
DM
R
T
w
it
h
a
5
%
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ig
n
i
f
ic
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ce
le
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el,
it
w
a
s
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o
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n
d
th
at
t
h
e
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
ica
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
lev
el,
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
cted
at
3
-
5
k
Hz
f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
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it
w
a
s
ap
p
ar
en
t
th
at
P
A
FT
tr
ea
tm
en
t
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
a
f
f
ec
ted
th
e
in
cr
ea
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e
in
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
r
e
d
-
lettu
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e
leav
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w
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h
th
e
b
est
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
at
a
f
r
eq
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en
c
y
o
f
3
-
5
k
Hz
an
d
2
h
o
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r
s
ex
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o
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r
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e.
L
ea
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ar
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ec
a
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e
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o
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th
e
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
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p
ar
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eter
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i
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d
o
u
t
th
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
in
r
ed
-
lett
u
ce
[
4
5
]
.
Ho
u
[
4
6
]
also
p
r
o
v
ed
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
leaf
ar
ea
in
co
tto
n
p
lan
ts
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h
at
w
er
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tr
ea
ted
w
it
h
P
A
FT
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
lan
ts
w
it
h
o
u
t
P
A
FT
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T
h
u
s
,
P
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F
T
ex
p
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ea
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en
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ican
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e
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o
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ar
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co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
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t P
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FT
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Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
elatio
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s
h
ip
b
et
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n
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iatio
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s
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r
y
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ig
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t o
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r
ed
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le
ttu
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e
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Fig
u
r
e
7
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R
elatio
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s
h
ip
b
et
w
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n
v
ar
iatio
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s
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ex
p
o
s
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r
e
to
r
ed
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lettu
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f
ar
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P
lan
t
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eig
h
t
p
ar
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eter
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s
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tain
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es
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lts
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i
t
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o
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n
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o
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t
t
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e
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g
h
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s
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al
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e
w
a
s
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n
th
e
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t
m
e
n
t
f
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eq
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e
n
c
y
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d
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e
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cm
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n
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ast,
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e
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w
est p
lan
t h
ei
g
h
t p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
w
er
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t f
r
eq
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e
n
c
y
o
f
1
1
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1
3
k
Hz
w
it
h
an
ex
p
o
s
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r
e
ti
m
e
o
f
2
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o
u
r
s
,
a
n
d
a
p
lan
t
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ei
g
h
t
v
alu
e
o
f
5
.
1
6
c
m
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
o
f
p
lan
t
h
ei
g
h
t
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
b
et
w
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n
ea
c
h
P
AFT
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
in
d
icate
d
th
at
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
P
A
FT
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
at
2
an
d
3
h
o
u
r
s
h
ad
a
s
i
m
ilar
p
atter
n
,
in
w
h
ic
h
t
h
e
p
la
n
t
h
ei
g
h
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
alo
n
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
P
A
FT
in
r
ed
-
le
ttu
ce
p
lan
t
s
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
A
NOV
A
s
ta
tis
tica
l te
s
ts
co
n
d
u
cted
w
i
th
a
r
ea
l
le
v
el
(
α
=
0
.
0
5
)
,
it w
as
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
o
n
l
y
th
e
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t w
it
h
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
le
v
el
h
a
d
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
p
lan
t
h
eig
h
t
o
f
r
ed
-
let
tu
ce
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
DM
R
T
w
it
h
a
5
%
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
lev
el
,
it
w
a
s
f
o
u
n
d
t
h
at
th
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t
w
it
h
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
lev
e
l w
a
s
o
n
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
o
f
3
-
5
k
H
z
an
d
7
-
9
k
Hz.
Fro
m
t
h
ese
r
es
u
lts
,
it w
a
s
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
t
h
e
b
est
P
A
FT
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
w
a
s
at
t
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
le
v
el
o
f
3
-
5
k
Hz
a
n
d
7
-
9
k
Hz.
T
h
i
s
r
esu
lt
w
as
i
n
li
n
e
w
i
th
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
Si
n
g
h
[
4
7
]
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
a
t
P
A
FT
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
ea
n
u
t
p
lan
t
h
ei
g
h
t
w
it
h
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
v
io
li
n
m
u
s
ic,
w
h
er
e
p
lan
ts
w
i
th
P
A
F
T
h
ad
b
etter
p
lan
t
h
ei
g
h
t.
E
x
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
a
s
o
u
n
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
0
.
3
-
6
k
Hz
f
o
r
3
h
o
u
r
s
d
ail
y
ca
n
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
p
lan
t
h
eig
h
t.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
w
er
e
also
in
li
n
e
w
it
h
r
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
C
ai
[
4
8
]
,
p
o
in
tin
g
o
u
t th
at
P
A
FT
at
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
ca
n
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
p
l
an
t h
ei
g
h
t
.
Ob
s
er
v
atio
n
s
m
ad
e
o
n
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
leaf
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
i
n
d
ic
ated
th
at
th
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
a
v
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
w
a
s
in
t
h
e
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
3
-
5
k
Hz
an
d
e
x
p
o
s
u
r
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ti
m
e
o
f
2
h
o
u
r
s
a
n
d
3
h
o
u
r
s
w
i
th
an
a
v
er
ag
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
1
0
leav
es.
T
h
e
lo
w
es
t n
u
m
b
er
o
f
leav
es
w
as a
t th
e
tr
ea
t
m
e
n
t f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
1
1
-
1
3
k
Hz
an
d
th
e
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
ti
m
e
o
f
2
h
o
u
r
s
w
ith
a
to
tal
o
f
8
l
ea
v
es.
P
lan
t
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
P
A
FT
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
in
d
icate
d
t
h
e
lo
w
est
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lea
v
e
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
lan
ts
th
at
w
er
e
ex
p
o
s
ed
to
P
A
FT
.
T
h
e
g
r
ap
h
o
f
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
i
n
d
icati
n
g
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
leav
es
b
et
w
ee
n
ea
ch
P
A
FT
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
p
atter
n
in
ea
c
h
tr
ea
t
m
en
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
P
A
FT
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
h
ad
a
n
ea
r
l
y
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
p
atter
n
;
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
P
AFT
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
ed
-
let
tu
c
e
p
lan
t
lea
v
es.
Me
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T
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[1
]
Ju
sty
n
a
W
.
L
.
,
P
rz
e
m
y
sl
a
w
L
.
,
K
a
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.
M.
,
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T
h
e
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m
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lan
d
c
o
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li
d
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ti
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n
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s
,”
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mp
u
ter
s
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
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ics
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n
Ag
ric
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lt
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re
,
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o
l.
1
5
2
,
p
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3
3
3
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339
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0
1
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.
[2
]
Hu
W
.
P
.
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.
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.
,
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.
Y
.
,
Hw
a
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.
S.
,
“
A
f
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e
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o
f
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telli
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m
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c
e
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S
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e
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l.
1
3
1
,
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579
-
5
8
4
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2
0
1
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.
[3
]
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y
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is
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.
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.
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.
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i
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m
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ll
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rti
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ra
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m
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n
u
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stre
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a
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l.
2
5
5
,
p
p
.
1
2
0
2
2
7
,
2
0
2
0
.
[4
]
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n
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ra
w
a
n
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,
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ta
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.
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.
,
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.
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m
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to
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ty
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f
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r
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sh
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o
m
s
,”
IOP
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fer
e
n
c
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rie
s:
M
a
ter
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ls
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c
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l
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4
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,
p
p
.
0
3
2
0
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3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[5
]
Hu
W
.
P
.
,
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in
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.
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.
,
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C
.
Y
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,
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e
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3
1
,
p
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579
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[6
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A
r
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n
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Y,
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A
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m
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m
s.
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
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mm
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ti
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g
El
e
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tro
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n
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Co
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l,
V
o
l.
17
,
No
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
0
1
9
-
3
0
2
6
,
De
c
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2
0
1
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.
[7
]
Ka
m
a
ru
d
d
in
F
.
,
M
a
li
k
N
.
N
.
N
.
A
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,
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ra
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A
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A
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,
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so
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.
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.
S
.
,
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.
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,
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telli
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sy
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e
m
u
sin
g
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rd
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o
,
”
T
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KOM
NIKA
T
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lec
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mm
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n
ica
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c
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tro
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Vo
l.
1
7
,
No
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
3
7
8
-
2
3
8
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
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m
m
u
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C
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t E
l
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o
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tr
o
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la
n
t a
co
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s
tic
fr
eq
u
en
cy
tech
n
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lo
g
y
c
o
n
tr
o
l sys
tem
…
(
Yu
s
u
f H
en
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r
a
w
a
n
)
2051
[8
]
S
c
h
o
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e
r
M
.
G
.
,
S
im
o
n
R
.
,
S
c
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e
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.
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.
,
“
A
c
o
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stic
c
o
m
m
u
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o
n
in
p
la
n
t
-
a
n
im
a
l
in
tera
c
ti
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n
s
,”
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rr
e
n
t
Op
i
n
i
o
n
in
Pl
a
n
t
Bi
o
lo
g
y
,
V
o
l
.
32
,
p
p
.
88
-
95
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
Kh
a
it
I
.
,
Ob
o
lsk
ic
U
.
,
Ha
d
a
n
y
L
.
,
“
S
o
u
n
d
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
i
n
p
lan
ts
,”
S
e
min
a
r
in
Ce
ll
&
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
Bi
o
lo
g
y
,
Vo
l.
92
,
p
p
.
1
3
4
-
138
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
Ba
il
e
y
N
.
W
.
,
F
o
w
ler
-
F
in
n
K
.
D
.
,
Re
b
a
r
D
.
,
R
o
d
r
ig
u
e
z
R
.
L
.,
“
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r
e
e
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sy
m
p
h
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w
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in
t
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w
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stin
g
a
c
o
u
stic c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
i
n
p
lan
ts
,”
Beh
a
v
io
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l
Ec
o
lo
g
y
,
V
o
l
.
24
,
p
p
.
7
9
7
-
7
9
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
1
]
Ch
a
m
o
v
it
z
D.
,
“
M
u
sic
is
n
o
t
e
c
o
lo
g
ica
ll
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le
v
a
n
t
f
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l
a
n
ts,
b
u
t
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e
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a
re
so
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n
d
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t
it
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o
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d
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d
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tag
e
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u
s
f
o
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th
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m
to
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e
a
r,
”
Ne
w
S
c
ien
ti
st
,
V
o
l
.
2
1
5
,
No
.
37
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
2
]
A
p
p
e
l
H
.
M
.
,
a
n
d
Co
c
ro
f
t
R
.
B.
,
“
P
lan
ts
re
sp
o
n
d
t
o
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f
v
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ra
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s
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c
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h
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win
g
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lo
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,
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l
.
1
7
5
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
7
-
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2
6
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
Ja
ra
m
il
lo
A
.
A
.
F
.
,
Ga
lv
a
n
C
.
D
.
,
M
ier
L
.
G
.
,
G
a
rc
i
a
S
.
N
.
J
.
,
M
e
d
in
a
L
.
M
.
C.
,
“
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
a
c
o
u
stic
w
a
v
e
s
o
n
p
lan
ts:
A
n
a
g
ricu
lt
u
ra
l,
e
c
o
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o
g
ica
l,
m
o
lec
u
lar
a
n
d
b
i
o
c
h
e
m
ica
l
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
,
”
S
c
ien
ti
a
Ho
rt
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lt
u
ra
e
,
V
o
l
.
2
3
5
,
pp.
3
4
0
-
348
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
4
]
Ha
ss
a
n
ien
R
.
H
.
E
.
,
H
o
u
T
.
Z
.
,
L
i
Y
.
F
.
,
L
i
B
.
M
.,
“
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
e
f
f
e
c
ts
o
f
so
u
n
d
w
a
v
e
s
o
n
p
la
n
ts,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
teg
ra
t
ive
Ag
ric
u
lt
u
re
,
V
o
l
.
1
3
,
No
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
3
5
-
3
4
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
Ch
o
w
d
h
u
ry
M
.
E
.
K
.
,
L
im
H
.
S
.
,
Ba
e
H.
,
“
Up
d
a
te
o
n
t
h
e
e
ff
e
c
t
s
o
f
so
u
n
d
w
a
v
e
o
n
p
lan
ts,”
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
Pl
a
n
t
Dise
a
se
,”
V
o
l.
20
,
N
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
6
]
Co
ll
in
s
M
.
a
n
d
F
o
re
m
a
n
J
.
K.
,
“
T
h
e
e
ffe
c
t
o
f
so
u
n
d
o
n
t
h
e
g
ro
w
th
o
f
p
lan
ts,”
Ca
n
a
d
ia
n
Ac
o
u
stic
,
V
o
l
.
29
,
N
o
.
2
,
pp.
3
-
8
,
2
0
0
1
.
[1
7
]
G
a
g
li
a
n
o
M
.
,
M
a
n
c
u
so
S
.
,
R
o
b
e
rt
D.
,
“
T
o
w
a
rd
s
u
n
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
p
lan
t
b
i
o
a
c
o
u
st
ics
,”
T
re
n
d
s
i
n
Pl
a
n
t
S
c
ien
c
e
,
Vo
l.
17
,
No
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
2
3
-
3
2
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
8
]
Je
o
n
g
M
.
J
.
,
S
h
im
C
.
K
.
,
L
e
e
J
.
O
.
,
Kw
o
n
H
.
B
.
,
Kim
Y
.
H
.
,
L
e
e
S
.
K
.
,
By
u
n
M
.
O
.
,
P
a
rk
S
.
C.
,
“
P
la
n
t
g
e
n
e
re
sp
o
n
se
s
to
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
-
sp
e
c
i
f
ic so
u
n
d
sig
n
a
ls,”
M
o
lec
u
la
r B
re
e
d
i
n
g
,
Vo
l.
21
,
p
p
.
2
1
7
-
2
2
6
,
2
0
0
8
.
[1
9
]
Cre
a
th
K
.
a
n
d
S
c
h
w
a
rtz
G
.
E.
,
“
M
e
a
su
rin
g
e
ff
e
c
ts
o
f
m
u
sic
,
n
o
is
e
,
a
n
d
h
e
a
li
n
g
e
n
e
rg
y
u
sin
g
a
se
e
d
g
e
rm
in
a
ti
o
n
b
io
a
ss
a
y
,”
T
h
e
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Al
ter
n
a
ti
v
e
a
n
d
Co
m
p
lem
e
n
ta
ry
M
e
d
icin
e
,
Vo
l.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
-
1
2
2
,
2
0
0
4
.
[2
0
]
Ca
i
W
.
,
Du
n
f
o
rd
N
.
T
.
,
W
a
n
g
N
.
,
Zh
u
S
.
,
He
H.
,
“
A
u
d
ib
le
s
o
u
n
d
trea
tm
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
m
icro
a
lg
a
e
P
ic
o
c
h
lo
r
u
m
o
k
lah
o
m
e
n
sis f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
in
g
b
i
o
m
a
ss
p
ro
d
u
c
ti
v
it
y
,”
Bi
o
re
so
u
rc
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
,
V
o
l
.
2
0
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
6
-
2
3
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
Ya
n
g
X
.
C
.
,
W
a
n
g
B
.
C
.
,
Ye
M
.
,
“
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
d
iff
e
r
e
n
t
so
u
n
d
i
n
ten
siti
e
s
o
n
ro
o
t
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
Ac
ti
n
id
ia
Ch
in
e
s
e
p
lan
tl
e
t,
”
C
h
in
e
se
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ap
p
li
e
d
&
En
v
iro
n
me
n
t
a
l
Bi
o
l
o
g
y
,
Vo
l.
1
0
,
p
p
.
2
7
4
-
2
7
6
,
2
0
0
4
.
[2
2
]
Ch
ristw
a
rd
a
n
a
M
.
a
n
d
Ha
d
iy
a
n
to
H.
,
“
T
h
e
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
A
u
d
ib
le
S
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
En
h
a
n
c
in
g
th
e
G
ro
w
th
Ra
te
o
f
M
icro
a
lg
a
e
Ha
e
m
a
to
c
o
c
c
u
s p
lu
v
iali
s in
V
e
g
e
tativ
e
S
tag
e
,
”
HAY
AT
I
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Bi
o
sc
ien
c
e
s
,
V
o
l.
24
,
N
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
149
-
1
5
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
3
]
Kim
J
.
Y
.
,
L
e
e
J
.
S
.
,
Kw
o
n
T
.
R
.
,
L
e
e
S
.
I
.
,
Kim
J
.
A
.
,
L
e
e
G
.
M
.
,
P
a
rk
S
.
C
.
,
Je
o
n
g
M
.
J.
,
“
S
o
u
n
d
w
a
v
e
s
d
e
lay
to
m
a
to
f
ru
it
rip
e
n
in
g
b
y
n
e
g
a
ti
v
e
l
y
r
e
g
u
latin
g
e
th
y
len
e
b
io
sy
n
th
e
sis
a
n
d
sig
n
a
li
n
g
g
e
n
e
s,”
Po
sth
a
rv
e
st
Bi
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
Vo
l.
1
1
0
,
p
p
.
43
-
50
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
4
]
M
e
n
g
Q
.
,
Zh
o
u
Q
.
,
Z
h
e
n
g
S
.
,
G
a
o
Y.
,
“
Re
sp
o
n
se
s
o
n
P
h
o
to
sy
n
th
e
sis
a
n
d
V
a
riab
le
Ch
lo
r
o
p
h
y
ll
F
lu
o
re
sc
e
n
c
e
o
f
F
ra
g
a
ria an
a
n
a
ss
a
u
n
d
e
r
S
o
u
n
d
W
a
v
e
,”
En
e
rg
y
Pro
c
e
d
i
a
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
A
,
p
p
.
3
4
6
-
3
5
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
5
]
A
n
a
n
th
a
k
rish
n
a
n
G
.
,
X
ia
X
.
A
m
u
th
a
S
.
,
S
i
n
g
e
r
S
.
,
M
u
ru
g
a
n
a
n
th
a
m
M
.
,
Ya
b
lo
n
sk
y
S
.
,
F
isc
h
e
r
E
.
,
G
a
b
a
V
.
,
“
Ultras
o
n
ic
trea
t
m
e
n
t
sti
m
u
late
s
m
u
lt
ip
le
sh
o
o
t
re
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
e
x
p
lan
t
e
n
larg
e
m
e
n
t
in
re
c
a
lcitran
t
sq
u
a
s
h
c
o
ty
led
o
n
e
x
p
lan
ts i
n
v
it
ro
,
”
P
la
n
t
Ce
ll
Rep
o
rts
.
V
o
l
.
2
6
,
p
p
.
2
6
7
-
2
7
6
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
6
]
Jia
Y
.
,
W
a
n
g
B
.
C
.
,
Wan
g
X
.
J
.
,
Du
a
n
C
.
R
.
,
Ya
n
g
X
.
C.
,
“
Ef
f
e
c
t
o
f
so
u
n
d
stim
u
latio
n
o
n
r
o
o
ts
g
ro
w
th
a
n
d
p
las
m
a
l
e
m
m
a
H+
-
AT
P
a
se
a
c
ti
v
it
y
o
f
c
h
r
y
sa
n
th
e
m
u
m
(G
e
rb
e
ra
ja
m
e
so
n
ii
)
,”
C
o
ll
o
id
s
a
n
d
S
u
rfa
c
e
s B
-
Bi
o
i
n
ter
fa
c
e
s
,
V
o
l
.
27
,
p
p
.
65
-
69
,
2
0
0
3
.
[2
7
]
L
iu
Y
.
Y
.
,
Yo
sh
ik
o
sh
i
A
.
,
W
a
n
g
B
.
C
.
,
S
a
k
a
n
ish
i
A
.
,
“
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
u
lt
ra
so
n
ic
sti
m
u
latio
n
o
n
th
e
g
ro
w
th
a
n
d
p
ro
li
f
e
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
A
r
y
z
a
sa
ti
v
a
Nip
p
o
n
b
a
re
c
a
ll
u
s
,
”
C
o
ll
o
id
s
a
n
d
S
u
rf
a
c
e
s
B
-
Bi
o
i
n
ter
fa
c
e
s
,
Vo
l.
27
,
p
p
.
2
8
7
-
2
9
3
,
2
0
0
3
.
[2
8
]
W
e
i
M
.
,
Ya
n
g
C
.
Y
.
,
W
e
i
S
.
H.
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
d
iff
e
re
n
ti
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
ro
to
c
o
rm
-
li
k
e
b
o
d
ies
o
f
De
n
d
ro
b
iu
m
o
f
f
i
c
in
a
le t
o
sh
o
o
ts
b
y
u
lt
ra
so
u
n
d
trea
t
m
e
n
t
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Pl
a
n
t
Ph
y
s
io
lo
g
y
,
V
o
l.
169
,
p
p
.
7
7
0
-
7
7
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[2
9
]
L
iu
Y
.
Y
.
,
T
a
k
a
tsu
k
i
H
.
,
Yo
sh
ik
o
sh
i
A
.
,
W
a
n
g
B
.
C
.
,
S
a
k
a
n
i
sh
i
A
.
,
“
Ef
fe
c
ts
o
f
u
lt
ra
so
u
n
d
o
n
th
e
g
ro
w
th
a
n
d
v
a
c
u
o
lar H+
-
AT
P
a
se
a
c
ti
v
it
y
o
f
A
lo
e
a
rb
o
re
sc
e
n
s c
a
ll
u
s c
e
ll
s
,”
Co
ll
o
i
d
s a
n
d
S
u
rfa
c
e
s B
-
Bi
o
in
ter
fa
c
e
s
,
V
o
l
.
32
,
pp.
1
0
5
-
116
,
2
0
0
3
.
[3
0
]
S
a
f
a
ri
M
.
,
G
h
a
n
a
ti
F
.
,
Be
h
m
a
n
e
s
h
M
.
,
Ha
j
n
o
r
o
u
z
i
A
.
,
Na
h
id
ian
B
.
,
M
in
a
G
.
,
“
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
ti
o
x
id
a
n
t
e
n
z
y
m
e
s
a
c
ti
v
it
y
a
n
d
e
x
p
re
ss
io
n
o
f
CA
T
a
n
d
P
A
L
g
e
n
e
s
in
h
a
z
e
l
(Co
ry
lu
s
a
v
e
ll
a
n
e
L
.
)
c
e
ll
s
in
re
sp
o
n
se
t
o
l
o
w
-
in
ten
sity
u
lt
ra
so
u
n
d
,
”
Acta
Ph
y
sio
l
o
g
ia
e
Pl
a
n
t
a
ru
m
,
Vo
l.
35
,
p
p
.
2
8
4
7
-
2
8
5
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
1
]
Qi
L
.
,
T
e
n
g
G
.
,
Ho
u
T
.
,
Z
h
u
B
.
,
L
iu
X
.
,
“
In
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
so
u
n
d
w
a
v
e
st
im
u
latio
n
o
n
th
e
g
ro
w
th
o
f
st
ra
w
b
e
rr
y
in
su
n
li
g
h
t
g
re
e
n
h
o
u
se
,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
Ag
ric
u
lt
u
r
e
III
,
Vo
l.
3
1
7
,
p
p
.
4
4
9
-
4
5
4
,
2
0
1
0
.
[3
2
]
M
a
m
p
h
o
lo
B
.
M
.
,
M
a
b
o
k
o
M
.
M
.
,
S
o
u
n
d
y
P
.
,
S
iv
a
k
u
m
a
r
D.
,
“
P
h
y
to
c
h
e
m
ica
ls
A
n
d
Ov
e
ra
ll
Q
u
a
li
ty
o
f
L
e
a
fy
L
e
tt
u
c
e
(
L
a
tu
c
a
S
a
t
iva
L
.
)
V
iri
e
ti
e
s
G
ro
w
n
in
Clo
se
d
Hy
d
ro
p
o
n
ic
S
y
ste
m
,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
Fo
o
d
Q
u
a
li
ty
,
V
o
l.
39
,
pp.
8
0
5
-
815
,
2
0
1
6
.
[3
3
]
G
a
r
c
ía
-
M
a
c
ías
P
.
,
Ord
i
d
g
e
M
.
,
V
y
sin
i
E
.
,
W
a
ro
o
n
p
h
a
n
S
.
,
Ba
tt
e
y
N
.
H
.
,
G
o
rd
o
n
M
.
H
.
,
Ha
d
ley
P
.
,
Jo
h
n
P
.
,
L
o
v
e
g
ro
v
e
J
.
A
.
,
W
a
g
st
a
ff
e
A
.
,
“
Ch
a
n
g
e
s in
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55
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