T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
,
pp.
30
~
36
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i1.
13153
30
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
php/T
E
L
K
OM
N
I
K
A
U
WB
T
Hz
p
la
sm
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ip
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ase
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in
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n
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eeri
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L
-
Mu
s
t
a
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ri
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h
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n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
,
Iraq
Ar
t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
M
a
y
18
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2019
R
e
vis
e
d
J
ul
6
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20
19
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c
e
pted
J
ul
18
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20
19
T
h
i
s
p
a
p
er
p
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p
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d
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eed
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o
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n
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o
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y
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ems
0
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0
T
H
z.
T
h
e
p
ro
p
o
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ed
a
n
t
e
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a
s
t
r
u
ct
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re
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mp
o
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ed
o
f
g
ra
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h
e
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e
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b
as
e
d
rect
a
n
g
u
l
ar
p
at
c
h
an
d
t
ra
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
l
i
n
e
mo
u
n
t
e
d
o
n
a
g
ro
u
n
d
ed
s
i
l
i
co
n
e
d
i
o
x
i
d
e
s
u
b
s
t
ra
t
e.
SPP
(Su
rface
Pl
as
mo
n
Po
l
ari
t
o
n
)
w
av
e
s
t
h
at
a
p
p
ear
i
n
g
rap
h
en
e
at
T
H
z
b
an
d
i
s
a
n
a
l
y
zed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
t
e
n
n
a
s
i
mu
l
at
i
o
n
w
a
s
d
o
n
e
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
n
u
mer
i
ca
l
met
h
o
d
CST
p
ro
g
ram.
T
h
e
s
i
mu
l
at
i
o
n
res
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
s
cat
t
eri
n
g
p
aramet
er
S
1
1
l
es
s
t
h
an
-
1
0
d
B
at
freq
u
e
n
cy
b
a
n
d
(0
.
1
-
2
0
)
T
H
z.
A
l
s
o
,
t
h
e
p
r
es
e
n
t
e
d
an
t
e
n
n
a
s
y
s
t
em
h
a
s
a
g
o
o
d
g
ai
n
al
o
n
g
t
h
e
freq
u
en
c
y
b
a
n
d
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
Gr
a
phe
ne
M
icr
os
tr
ip
P
las
moni
c
S
ur
f
a
c
e
plas
mon
polar
it
ons
(
S
P
P
s
)
T
e
r
a
he
r
tz
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
Hus
s
e
in
Ali
Abdulna
bi
,
De
pa
r
t
ment
of
E
lec
tr
ica
l
E
nginee
r
ing
,
AL
-
M
us
tan
s
ir
iyah
Unive
r
s
it
y
,
B
a
ghda
d,
I
r
a
q
.
E
mail:
Hus
s
e
in_ali682@yahoo.
c
om
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
F
ull
y
us
e
d
o
f
mi
c
r
owa
ve
s
pe
c
tr
um
in
g
igahe
r
t
z
by
th
e
wir
e
les
s
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
ys
tem
a
nd
the
r
e
quir
e
ment
f
o
r
higher
ba
ndwidth
a
nd
hi
ghe
r
bit
r
a
te
in
moder
n
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
ys
tems
,
lea
d
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
to
dis
c
ove
r
ne
w
a
nd
unus
e
d
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
pe
c
tr
um.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
dis
c
ove
r
ter
a
he
r
tz
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nd.
T
he
a
ntenna
is
the
majo
r
pa
r
t
of
a
ny
wir
e
les
s
c
o
mm
unica
ti
on
s
ys
tems
,
s
o
thi
s
pa
pe
r
p
r
opos
e
d
de
s
ign
of
UW
B
a
ntenna
in
ter
a
he
r
tz
ba
nd.
Gr
a
phe
ne
is
the
s
im
ples
t
one
a
tom
th
ickne
s
s
mate
r
ial
whic
h
ha
s
dr
a
wn
ve
r
y
high
int
e
r
e
s
t
in
las
t
de
c
a
de
be
c
a
us
e
of
it
s
unique
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
.
Gr
a
phe
ne
is
us
e
d
in
wide
r
a
nge
of
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
i
nc
ludi
ng
mec
ha
nica
l,
ther
mal,
op
ti
c
a
l
a
nd
e
lec
tr
ica
l
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
,
[
1
-
3]
.
Als
o,
the
g
r
a
phe
ne
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
in
f
a
br
ica
ti
on
of
high
-
s
pe
e
d
f
ield
e
f
f
e
c
t
tr
a
ns
is
tor
[
4
]
or
S
c
hott
k
y
diode
[
5]
.
T
he
gr
a
phe
ne
plas
moni
c
be
ha
vior
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
to
mi
niat
u
r
iza
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
f
or
the
a
ntenna
s
a
nd
oth
e
r
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
.
T
he
a
ppli
e
d
e
lec
tr
ica
l
potential
is
c
ha
nge
d
to
tune
the
gr
a
phe
ne
’
s
c
he
mi
c
a
l
po
tential
w
hich
lea
ds
to
c
ha
nge
in
the
s
ur
f
a
c
e
c
onduc
t
ivi
ty
of
the
gr
a
phe
ne
[
6
,
7
]
,
thus
numer
ous
g
r
a
phe
ne
ba
s
e
d
-
d
e
vice
s
li
ke
wa
ve
guides
,
a
bs
or
be
r
s
,
a
ntenna
s
,
a
nd
polar
ize
r
's
,
f
il
ter
s
ha
ve
be
e
n
de
s
igned
f
or
the
ba
nd
s
mi
c
r
owa
ve
,
ter
a
he
r
tz
a
nd
opti
c
a
l
r
e
gim
e
s
[
8
-
13]
.
Gr
a
phe
ne
c
a
n
be
de
f
ined
by
it
s
s
ur
f
a
c
e
c
onduc
ti
vit
y
σ
(
ω,
c,
τ
,
T
)
whic
h
ha
s
ve
r
y
s
ig
nif
ica
nt
e
f
f
e
c
t
in
S
P
P
uti
li
z
e
d
in
na
no
-
a
ntenna
s
,
na
no
-
mi
c
r
owa
v
e
c
ompone
nts
,
e
tc.
s
ur
f
a
c
e
c
onduc
ti
vit
y
de
pe
nds
on
s
ome
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
whic
h
tuned
of
σ
to
ge
t
a
tunable
r
e
s
ona
nc
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y.
T
he
s
e
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
a
r
e
tempe
r
a
tur
e
T
,
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ω,
c
he
mi
c
a
l
potential
c
whic
h
is
de
pe
nd
on
the
doping
o
f
the
c
he
mi
c
a
l
c
a
r
r
ie
r
de
ns
it
y
a
nd
e
lec
tr
ic
bias
volt
a
ge
)
a
nd
r
e
laxa
ti
on
ti
me
τ
.
T
he
s
e
pa
r
a
met
e
r
s
r
e
s
ult
to
a
va
r
iable
s
ur
f
a
c
e
c
onduc
ti
vit
y.
Gr
a
p
he
ne
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
in
low
T
Hz
z
one
to
s
uppor
t
s
ur
f
a
c
e
plas
m
on
polar
it
on
f
ields
.
S
ur
f
a
c
e
p
las
mon
polar
it
ons
(
S
P
P
s
)
c
a
n
be
s
pe
c
if
ied
a
s
e
lec
tr
omagne
ti
c
(
E
M
)
wa
ve
s
.
S
P
P
s
pr
opa
ga
te
a
long
t
he
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
of
the
diele
c
tr
ic
-
meta
l
with
a
n
e
xpone
nti
a
ll
y
dr
opping
f
ield
in
two
s
ides
.
S
P
P
s
a
r
e
one
of
the
mos
t
im
por
tant
pr
o
mi
s
ing
moder
n
tec
hnique
s
to
ove
r
c
om
e
the
c
onve
nti
ona
l
dif
f
r
a
c
ti
on
li
mi
t
a
ti
on
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
UW
B
T
Hz
plas
monic
mic
r
os
tr
ip
antenna
bas
e
d
on
gr
aphe
ne
(
Hus
s
e
in
A
.
A
bdulnab
i
)
31
the
opti
c
a
l
de
vice
s
a
nd
mi
niatu
r
ize
d
de
vice
s
[
7
,
8]
.
He
nc
e
,
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
plas
moni
c
de
vice
s
a
r
e
s
ugge
s
ted
a
nd
inves
ti
ga
ted,
s
uc
h
a
s
a
ntenna
s
,
f
il
ter
s
f
o
r
te
r
a
he
r
tz
s
ys
tems
.
Gr
a
phe
ne
s
uppor
ts
S
P
P
wa
ve
s
a
t
much
lowe
r
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
in
T
Hz
ba
nd
in
c
ompar
is
on
with
gold
or
s
il
ve
r
[
14
-
16]
.
S
P
P
wa
ve
a
ppe
a
r
e
d
in
the
noble
meta
ls
a
t
ne
a
r
in
f
r
a
r
e
d
a
nd
vis
ibl
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
in
t
he
r
a
dio
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
pe
c
tr
um
.
S
P
P
wa
ve
s
a
r
e
c
oupled
to
t
he
s
ur
f
a
c
e
e
lec
tr
ic
c
ha
r
ge
s
pa
r
ti
c
les
a
t
the
li
mi
t
b
e
twe
e
n
a
noble
meta
l
(
gold
or
s
il
ve
r
)
a
nd
the
diele
c
tr
ic
s
ubs
tr
a
te
[
17
,
18]
.
T
he
gr
a
phe
ne
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
a
s
a
r
ti
f
i
c
ial
magne
ti
c
c
onduc
tor
(
AM
C
)
[
19
-
21]
or
r
a
diating
pa
tch
[
22
-
25
]
in
the
de
s
ign
of
a
ntenna
s
.
T
he
s
pe
c
tr
um
o
f
te
r
a
he
r
tz
wa
ve
s
is
f
r
om
a
bout
0
.
1
T
H
z
to
10
T
Hz
whic
h
loca
te
be
twe
e
n
mi
c
r
owa
ve
a
nd
inf
r
a
r
e
d
(
I
R
)
S
pe
c
tr
a
,
a
nd
it
ha
s
the
s
a
me
s
ome
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
i
s
ti
c
s
with
e
a
c
h
of
thes
e
ba
nds
.
L
ike
I
R
a
nd
mi
c
r
owa
ve
r
a
diations
,
ter
a
he
r
tz
r
a
diation
p
r
opa
ga
tes
in
a
li
ne
of
s
ight
mode
a
nd
is
non
-
ioni
z
ing.
T
H
z
wa
ve
s
a
r
e
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nt
to
a
lar
ge
a
mount
of
non
-
c
onduc
ti
ng
mate
r
ials
.
L
ike
mi
c
r
owa
ve
r
a
diation,
ter
a
he
r
tz
b
e
a
m
c
a
n
tr
a
ns
mi
t
thr
ough
s
e
ve
r
a
l
ma
ter
ials
s
uc
h
a
s
:
c
lot
h
s
,
c
a
r
dboa
r
d
,
mas
onr
y
,
pa
pe
r
,
wood,
plas
ti
c
a
nd
c
e
r
a
mi
c
s
mate
r
ials
.
T
he
pe
ne
tr
a
ti
on
de
pth
is
les
s
than
th
a
t
of
mi
c
r
owa
ve
r
a
diation.
T
e
r
a
he
r
tz
wa
ve
ha
s
li
mi
ted
pe
ne
tr
a
ti
on
the
c
louds
a
nd
f
og
a
nd
not
pe
ne
tr
a
te
wa
ter
a
nd
meta
l.
T
e
r
a
he
r
tz
a
ntenna
s
ha
ve
many
a
ppl
ica
ti
ons
in
r
e
c
e
nt
ye
a
r
s
.
S
ome
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
a
r
e
:
ter
a
he
r
tz
p
uls
e
d
im
a
ging
(
T
P
I
)
,
pha
r
mac
e
uti
c
a
l
indus
tr
ies
,
m
olec
ular
s
tr
uc
tur
e
,
in
de
r
matology,
medic
a
l
im
a
ging
,
o
r
a
l
h
e
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
,
a
nd
high
-
s
pe
e
d
i
ndoor
c
omm
unica
ti
on.
I
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
we
p
r
opos
e
a
nd
a
na
lyze
gr
a
phe
ne
-
ba
s
e
d
plas
moni
c
a
ntenna
with
S
P
P
wa
ve
be
ha
vior
in
T
Hz
ba
nd.
T
he
gr
a
phe
ne
is
s
tudi
e
d
in
s
e
c
ti
on
2.
I
n
s
e
c
ti
on
3
p
r
e
s
e
nts
de
s
ign
of
plas
moni
c
gr
a
phe
n
e
-
ba
s
e
d
a
ntenna
.
S
im
ulation
r
e
s
ult
s
a
r
e
dis
c
us
s
ion
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
in
s
e
c
ti
on
4.
2.
GRAP
HE
NE
COND
UC
T
I
V
I
T
Y
As
a
2D,
the
g
r
a
phe
ne
c
onf
igur
a
ti
on
is
two
-
dim
e
ns
ional
s
tr
uc
tur
e
ha
s
f
a
ntas
ti
c
e
lec
tr
ica
l
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
due
to
it
s
thi
c
kne
s
s
is
one
a
tom
only.
T
he
s
ingl
e
-
laye
r
gr
a
phe
ne
s
ur
f
a
c
e
c
onduc
ti
vit
y
is
de
pe
nding
on
it
s
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
c
h
e
mi
c
a
l
pot
e
nti
a
l,
f
r
e
que
nc
y,
a
nd
r
e
lax
at
ion
ti
me
.
Gr
a
phe
ne
mate
r
ial
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
is
dis
pe
r
s
ive
a
nd
it
s
va
lue
tuned
by
th
e
c
ha
nging
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
nd
other
f
a
c
tor
s
.
T
he
one
a
tom
thi
c
kne
s
s
of
the
gr
a
phe
ne
e
quivale
nt
to
a
t
wo
-
s
ided
s
ur
f
a
c
e
de
s
c
r
ibed
by
a
s
ur
f
a
c
e
c
onduc
ti
vit
y,
σ
(
,
c
,
,
T
)
that
is
de
s
c
r
ibed
by
Kubo
F
or
ma
[
12]
.
I
t
c
ontains
two
p
a
r
ts
int
e
r
-
ba
nd
a
nd
int
r
a
-
ba
nd
a
nd
the
int
r
a
-
ba
nd
domi
na
tes
in
lowe
r
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nd
of
int
e
r
e
s
t
(
f
<
5
T
Hz
)
with
e
lec
tr
ic
volt
a
ge
bi
a
s
ing
on
gr
a
phe
ne
f
il
m.
T
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
the
model
is
the
s
um
of
th
e
two
pa
r
ts
of
the
c
onduc
ti
vit
y
,
σ
=
+
(
1)
σ
(
ω
,
μ
c
,
γ
,
T
)
=
e
2
k
B
T
τ
π
ħ
2
[
µc
k
B
T
+
2
ln
(
e
−
µ
c
k
BT
+
1
)
]
1
ω
−
j2
γ
(2
)
σ
i
nt
e
r
(
ω
,
μ
c
,
γ
,
T
)
=
−
j
e
2
4π
h
ln
(
2│
μ
c
│
−
(
ω
−
j2
γ
)
h
2│
μ
c
│
+
(
ω
−
j2
γ
)
h
(
3)
whe
r
e
ω
is
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
in
r
a
d
/
s
,
is
the
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
r
a
te
,
i
s
the
C
he
mi
c
a
l
potential
(
e
V)
,
T
is
the
T
e
mper
a
tur
e
(
K)
,
e
=
E
lec
tr
on
c
ha
r
ge
,
ћ
is
the
r
e
duc
e
d
P
lanc
k’
s
c
ons
tant,
a
nd
is
the
B
olt
z
m
a
nn
c
ons
tant
.
T
he
c
he
mi
c
a
l
potential
c
is
de
pe
nd
on
the
c
a
r
r
ier
de
ns
it
y
n
(
m
-
2
)
=
ħ
√
(4
)
whe
r
e
v
f
=
1x
10
6
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
F
e
r
m
i
ve
locity
of
the
g
r
a
phe
ne
.
T
he
n
va
lue
c
a
n
be
modi
f
ied
via
by
e
lec
tr
ic
f
ield
e
f
f
e
c
t
.
=
(
5)
whe
r
e
ε
o
is
the
f
r
e
e
s
pa
c
e
pe
r
mi
tt
ivi
ty
of
(
F
/m
)
,
V
b
=
volt
a
ge
bias
(
V
)
,
d
is
the
he
ight
of
the
diele
c
tr
ic
mate
r
ial
(
m)
a
nd
ε
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nt
the
diele
c
tr
ic
mate
r
ial
r
e
la
ti
ve
pe
r
mi
tt
ivi
ty
be
twe
e
n
the
g
r
a
phe
ne
s
he
e
t
a
nd
ba
c
k
ga
te
mate
r
ial.
T
he
e
qua
ti
on
f
o
r
the
dis
pe
r
s
i
on
of
the
S
P
P
pr
e
s
e
nt
in
(
6
):
√
2
−
2
+
2
√
2
−
2
+
4
√
1
−
2
√
2
−
2
=0
(6
)
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omm
un
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omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
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,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
30
-
36
32
w
he
r
e
n
e
ff
=
c
ompl
e
x
p
r
opa
ga
ti
on
index,
n
=
r
e
f
r
a
c
ti
on
index
of
s
ubs
tr
a
te,
k
SPP
=
n
e
f
f
×
ω/
c
.
S
ur
f
a
c
e
im
pe
da
nc
e
of
the
g
r
a
phe
ne
c
a
n
be
de
ter
mi
ne
d
,
=
1
(
)
⁄
=
+
(7
)
t
he
pr
opa
ga
ti
on
c
ons
tant
of
S
P
P
wa
ve
c
a
n
be
give
n
by:
k
SPP
=
k
0
(n
e
f
f
)
(8
)
whe
r
e
k
0
=
2π
/λ
0
is
the
wa
ve
number
of
the
f
r
e
e
s
pa
c
e
a
nd
n
e
ff
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
S
P
P
modes
c
ompl
e
x
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
index.
T
he
r
e
s
ona
nt
length
L
1
is
ha
lf
of
s
ur
f
a
c
e
pla
s
mon
polar
it
on
wa
ve
length
λ
SPP
.
λ
SPP
=
2
π
/Re
{
k
SPP
}
(9
)
3.
P
L
ASMONI
C
GRAP
HE
NE
-
B
ASE
D
AN
T
E
NN
A
DE
S
I
GN
T
he
plas
moni
c
a
ntenna
s
pr
ovide
h
igher
wa
ve
ve
c
tor
than
nor
mal
P
E
C
a
ntenna
s
,
thus
the
e
lec
tr
ica
l
s
ize
of
the
plas
moni
c
na
noa
ntenna
is
mu
c
h
mor
e
t
ha
n
the
phs
yis
c
a
l
s
iz
e
.
T
his
is
the
major
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
be
twe
e
n
plas
moni
c
a
nd
c
las
s
ica
l
meta
l
a
ntenna
s
.
T
he
S
S
P
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
is
ti
c
s
a
pe
a
r
in
nobe
l
meta
l
s
uc
h
a
s
gold
a
nd
s
il
ve
r
in
opti
c
a
l
r
e
s
ona
nc
e
s
in
the
vis
ibl
e
a
nd
ne
a
r
-
in
f
r
a
r
e
d
r
e
gion
due
to
the
r
e
s
ona
nt
r
e
s
pons
e
of
their
f
r
e
e
e
lec
tr
ons
to
the
e
lec
tr
ic
f
ield
of
li
gh
t.
M
e
tal
mat
e
r
ials
,
(
gold
o
r
s
il
ve
r
)
is
a
non
-
plas
moni
c
in
the
ter
a
he
r
tz
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nd.
W
hil
e
S
P
P
be
ha
vior
a
ppe
a
r
s
in
gr
a
phe
ne
in
low
pa
r
t
of
the
ter
a
he
r
tz
ba
nd.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
gr
a
phe
ne
plas
moni
c
a
ntenna
is
s
im
ulate
d
by
us
ing
C
S
T
s
of
twa
r
e
u
s
ing
wa
ve
guid
e
por
t
e
xc
it
a
ti
on
.
T
he
s
ubs
tr
a
te
th
ickne
s
s
is
25
nm
of
S
io
2
wi
th
ε
r
=
3.
9
.
T
he
diele
c
tr
ic
s
ubs
tr
a
te
is
mount
e
d
be
twe
e
n
the
gr
a
phe
ne
pa
tch
a
nd
g
r
ound
plane
.
T
he
thi
c
kne
s
s
of
the
gr
a
phe
ne
is
0
.
34
nm
.
T
he
s
tr
uc
tr
e
of
the
de
s
igned
a
ntenna
3D
&
2D
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
1.
T
a
ble
1
s
hows
the
dim
e
ns
ions
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
1.
P
las
moni
c
pa
tch
g
r
a
phe
ne
-
ba
s
e
d
a
ntenna
:
(
a
)
3D
,
(
b)
2D
T
a
ble
1.
T
he
d
im
e
ns
ions
of
the
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
a
ntenna
L
1
(
um)
L
2
(
um)
W
1
(
um)
W
2
(
um)
158.93
52.6
115.06
57.53
4.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
T
he
gr
a
phe
ne
pa
tch
a
ntenna
is
pr
int
e
d
on
the
S
i
o
2
s
ubs
tr
a
te
mate
r
ial
a
nd
g
r
ound
plane
.
F
igu
r
e
2
s
hows
the
r
e
f
lec
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
icie
nts
of
the
on
gr
a
phe
ne
-
ba
s
e
d
a
ntenna
f
or
c
=
0.
5
in
T
Hz
.
T
his
f
igu
r
e
s
how
s
that
the
a
ntenna
ope
r
a
ti
ng
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nd
f
r
om
0.
1
to
20
T
Hz
a
nd
the
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y
is
3.
5
T
Hz
.
T
he
s
im
ulation
r
e
s
ult
s
r
e
ve
a
l
that
S
11
is
a
bout
-
4
8
dB
a
t
the
c
e
nter
f
r
e
que
nc
y.
F
igu
r
e
3
s
hows
the
ga
in
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
a
t
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nd
(
0.
1
-
20)
T
Hz
.
T
he
a
ntenna
ha
s
good
ga
in
a
t
thi
s
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nd.
Ga
in
a
t
thi
s
f
r
e
que
nc
y
is
e
qua
l
to
7
.
53
dB
.
R
a
diati
on
pa
tt
e
r
ns
of
the
ba
s
e
d
a
ntenna
a
t
(
F
=
0.
55
,
1,
2,
5.
05,
8)
T
Hz
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
s
4
-
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
UW
B
T
Hz
plas
monic
mic
r
os
tr
ip
antenna
bas
e
d
on
gr
aphe
ne
(
Hus
s
e
in
A
.
A
bdulnab
i
)
33
F
igur
e
2
.
R
e
tur
n
los
s
f
o
r
g
r
a
phe
ne
a
ntenna
F
igur
e
3
.
Ga
in
o
f
the
pr
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
F
igur
e
4
.
R
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
of
the
a
ntenna
a
t
0
.
55
T
Hz
F
igur
e
5
.
R
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
of
the
a
ntenna
a
t
1
T
Hz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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E
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M
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e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
30
-
36
34
F
igur
e
6
.
T
he
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
o
f
the
a
ntenna
a
t
2
T
Hz
F
igur
e
7
.
T
he
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
ns
of
the
a
ntenna
a
t
5
.
05
T
Hz
F
igur
e
8
.
T
he
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
ns
of
the
a
ntenna
a
t
8
T
Hz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
UW
B
T
Hz
plas
monic
mic
r
os
tr
ip
antenna
bas
e
d
on
gr
aphe
ne
(
Hus
s
e
in
A
.
A
bdulnab
i
)
35
F
igur
e
9
.
T
he
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
ns
of
the
a
ntenna
a
t
1
0
T
Hz
5.
CONC
L
USI
ON
T
his
wor
k
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
p
las
moni
c
gr
a
phe
ne
-
ba
s
e
d
a
ntenna
,
with
their
main
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
a
r
e
de
mons
tr
a
ted
in
f
ull
wa
ve
s
im
ulations
.
G
r
a
phe
ne
s
uppor
ts
S
P
P
wa
ve
s
in
the
lowe
r
T
Hz
r
e
gion
of
the
e
lec
tr
omagne
ti
c
s
pe
c
tr
um
but
not
the
in
f
r
a
r
e
d
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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18
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36
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