T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n,
Co
m
pu
t
ing
,
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
9
~
1
0
6
5
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
,
ac
cr
ed
ited
First Gr
ad
e
b
y
Kem
en
r
is
tek
d
i
k
ti,
Dec
r
ee
N
o
: 2
1
/E/KPT
/2
0
1
8
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/TE
L
KOM
NI
K
A.
v
1
9
i4
.
1
7
4
7
7
1059
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//jo
u
r
n
a
l.u
a
d
.
a
c.
id
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/TELK
OM
N
I
K
A
Perf
o
rma
nce
a
na
ly
sis
f
o
r t
hre
e cas
e
s o
f
o
utag
e proba
bility in
o
ne
-
wa
y
DF
full
-
duplex
relay
ing
n
etwork
with
prese
nce of
direct l
ink
P
hu
T
ra
n
T
in
1
,
Va
n
-
Duc
P
h
a
n
2
,
L
e
Anh Vu
3
1
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
In
d
u
strial
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ho
C
h
i
M
i
n
h
Cit
y
,
Ho
C
h
i
M
in
h
Cit
y
,
Vie
tn
a
m
2
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Au
to
m
o
b
il
e
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Va
n
Lan
g
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
Ho
C
h
i
M
in
h
Cit
y
,
Vie
tn
a
m
3
Op
to
e
lec
tro
n
ics
Re
se
a
rc
h
G
ro
u
p
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
To
n
Du
c
T
h
a
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ho
Ch
i
M
in
h
Cit
y
,
Vie
t
n
a
m
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Au
g
2
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
is
ed
Ap
r
1
0
,
2
0
2
1
Acc
ep
ted
Ap
r
2
1
,
2
0
2
1
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r,
t
h
e
o
n
e
-
wa
y
d
e
c
o
d
e
-
a
n
d
-
f
o
rwa
rd
(
DF
)
f
u
ll
-
d
u
p
lex
re
lay
i
n
g
n
e
t
wo
rk
s
y
ste
m
with
p
re
se
n
c
e
o
f
d
irec
t
li
n
k
is
in
v
e
stig
a
ted
.
In
th
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
se
c
ti
o
n
,
we
d
e
riv
e
d
t
h
e
e
x
a
c
t,
lo
we
r
,
a
n
d
u
p
p
e
r
b
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
o
u
tag
e
p
ro
b
a
b
il
it
y
(OP)
with
m
a
x
ima
l
ra
ti
o
c
o
m
b
in
i
n
g
(M
RC)
a
t
th
e
re
c
e
iv
e
r
.
F
u
rt
h
e
rm
o
re
,
th
e
sy
ste
m
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
'
s
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
e
x
p
re
ss
io
n
s
a
re
v
e
rifi
e
d
b
y
u
si
n
g
th
e
M
o
n
te
Ca
rlo
sim
u
lati
o
n
.
In
a
d
d
i
ti
o
n
,
we
in
v
e
sti
g
a
ted
t
h
e
e
ffe
c
t
o
f
th
e
m
a
in
p
a
ra
m
e
ters
on
t
h
e
O
P
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
F
i
n
a
l
l
y
,
w
e
c
a
n
sa
t
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
c
u
r
v
e
s
o
v
e
r
la
p
t
h
e
a
n
a
ly
t
i
c
a
l
c
u
r
v
e
s
t
o
c
o
n
v
i
n
c
e
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
se
c
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
i
s
r
e
se
a
rc
h
c
a
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
n
o
v
e
l
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Dir
ec
t lin
k
E
n
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
Fu
ll
-
d
u
p
lex
On
e
-
way
Ou
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Van
-
Du
c
Ph
an
Facu
lty
o
f
Au
to
m
o
b
ile
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Van
L
an
g
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
Ho
C
h
i M
in
h
C
ity
,
Vietn
am
E
m
ail:
d
u
c.
p
v
@
v
lu
.
e
d
u
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
No
wad
ay
s
,
wir
eless
-
p
o
wer
ed
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
W
PC
N
)
is
th
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
o
v
er
co
m
in
g
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
lim
itatio
n
s
in
wir
eless
‐
p
o
wer
ed
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
with
t
h
e
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
e
n
er
g
y
in
en
er
g
y
‐
co
n
s
tr
ain
e
d
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
B
ec
au
s
e
h
u
m
an
-
m
ad
e
r
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
(
R
F)
ca
n
ca
r
r
y
b
o
th
e
n
er
g
y
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
W
PC
N
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
lead
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
at
o
u
r
tim
e
[
1
]
-
[
6
]
.
I
n
th
is
tim
e,
m
an
y
r
esear
ch
e
d
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
th
e
W
P
C
N
an
d
its
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
Ng
u
y
en
et
a
l.
s
tu
d
ied
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
b
etwe
en
s
o
m
e
p
o
in
ts
b
ased
o
n
th
e
tr
a
d
eo
f
f
f
u
n
d
am
e
n
tal,
an
d
[
8
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
d
esig
n
ed
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
r
ec
eiv
er
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
its
ad
v
an
tag
es
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
L
iu
et
a
l.
[
9
]
p
r
esen
ted
an
d
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
e
p
r
a
ctica
l
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
,
an
d
[
1
0
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
en
er
g
y
an
d
p
o
wer
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
th
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
r
elay
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
tim
e
s
witch
in
g
a
n
d
th
e
p
o
wer
s
p
litt
in
g
p
r
o
to
co
ls
d
esig
n
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
t
h
em
ar
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
d
in
v
esti
g
ated
in
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
o
n
e
-
way
d
ec
o
d
e
-
a
n
d
-
f
o
r
war
d
(
DF
)
f
u
l
l
-
d
u
p
lex
r
elay
i
n
g
n
etwo
r
k
s
y
s
tem
with
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
d
ir
ec
t
lin
k
is
in
v
e
s
tig
ated
.
I
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
w
e
d
er
iv
e
d
th
e
ex
ac
t,
lo
we
r
,
an
d
u
p
p
e
r
b
o
u
n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
0
5
9
-
1
0
6
5
1060
f
o
r
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
(
OP)
w
ith
m
ax
im
al
r
atio
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
(
MRC
)
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
'
s
an
aly
tical
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
ar
e
v
er
if
ied
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
im
u
latio
n
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
we
in
v
es
tig
ated
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
m
ain
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
n
th
e
OP
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
Fin
ally
,
we
ca
n
s
ate
th
at
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
cu
r
v
es o
v
er
lap
th
e
an
aly
tical
cu
r
v
es to
c
o
n
v
in
ce
th
e
an
aly
s
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
2.
SYST
E
M
M
O
D
E
L
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
.
T
h
e
en
er
g
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
(
E
H)
an
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
an
s
f
er
r
in
g
(
I
T
)
p
h
ases
ar
e
d
r
awn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
[
1
6
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
Ass
u
m
e
th
at
all
o
f
th
e
ch
an
n
els
a
r
e
R
ay
leig
h
f
ad
in
g
,
h
en
ce
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
g
ain
s
2
SR
h
,
2
RD
||
h
an
d
2
SD
||
h
ar
e
ex
p
o
n
en
tial r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
ia
b
les (
R
Vs)
wh
o
s
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
C
DF
)
ar
e
g
iv
en
as
;
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
2
2
2
SR
RD
SD
1
e
x
p
,
1
e
x
p
,
1
e
x
p
SR
RD
SD
h
h
h
F
x
x
F
x
x
F
x
x
=
−
−
=
−
−
=
−
−
(
1
)
T
o
tak
e
p
ath
-
lo
s
s
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
,
we
ca
n
m
o
d
el
th
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
as f
o
llo
ws:
SR
=
(
SR
)
,
RD
=
(
RD
)
,
SD
=
(
SD
)
(
2
)
T
h
e
C
DF is ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
;
|
|
2
(
)
=
1
−
(
−
)
.
(
3
)
T
h
en
,
th
e
PDFs
o
f
|
ℎ
|
2
,
|
ℎ
|
2
,
|
ℎ
|
2
an
d
|
|
2
ar
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
as
;
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
2
2
2
2
SR
SR
R
D
R
D
SD
SD
e
x
p
,
e
x
p
,
e
x
p
,
e
x
p
SR
RD
SD
h
h
h
R
R
R
R
f
f
x
x
f
x
x
f
x
x
f
x
x
=−
=−
=−
=−
(
4
)
I
T
P
h
a
s
e
E
H
P
h
a
s
e
S
D
R
R
f
E
H
a
t
R
P
S
T
I
T
:
(
1-
)
P
S
S
R
D
→→
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sy
s
tem
m
o
d
el
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
E
H
an
d
I
T
p
h
ases
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
at
th
e
r
ela
y
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
;
=
√
1
−
ℎ
+
+
(
5
)
T
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
wer
at
th
e
r
elay
ca
n
b
e
g
iv
en
as
;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
fo
r
th
r
ee
ca
s
es o
f o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
in
… (
P
h
u
Tr
a
n
Tin
)
1061
=
ℎ
=
|
ℎ
|
2
(
6
)
wh
er
e
01
:
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
e
f
f
icien
cy
(
w
h
ich
tak
es
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
b
y
h
ar
v
esti
n
g
cir
cu
its
an
d
also
b
y
d
ec
o
d
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
cir
cu
its
)
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
at
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
ca
n
b
e
g
i
v
en
b
y
;
=
ℎ
+
(
7
)
wh
er
e
D
n
is
th
e
AW
GN
with
v
ar
ian
ce
N
0
.
Her
e,
in
o
u
r
m
o
d
el,
we
a
d
o
p
t
th
e
d
ec
o
d
e
-
a
n
d
-
f
o
r
war
d
(
DF)
p
r
o
to
c
o
l.
He
n
ce
,
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
to
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
n
o
is
e
(
SIN
R
)
at
th
e
r
elay
n
o
d
e
f
r
o
m
(
5
)
ca
n
b
e
g
iv
en
b
y
;
=
(
1
−
)
|
ℎ
|
2
|
|
2
+
0
(
8
)
Su
b
s
titu
tin
g
(
6
)
in
t
o
(
8
)
an
d
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
ac
t th
at
N
0
<<P
S
,
we
h
av
e:
=
(
1
−
)
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
|
|
2
+
0
≈
1
−
|
|
2
(
9
)
Fro
m
(
7
)
,
th
e
SIN
R
at
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
;
=
|
ℎ
|
2
0
=
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
0
=
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
(
1
0
)
wh
er
e
0
s
P
N
=
Nex
t,
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
will
also
r
ec
eiv
e
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
ir
ec
t
ly
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
SIN
R
in
th
is
p
h
ase
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
;
=
|
ℎ
|
2
(
1
1
)
Fin
ally
,
u
s
in
g
th
e
MRC
tech
n
iq
u
e
at
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
,
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
SIN
R
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
b
e
cl
aim
ed
as
;
=
(
,
)
+
=
(
1
−
|
|
2
,
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
)
+
|
ℎ
|
2
=
+
(
1
2
)
wh
er
e
=
(
1
−
|
|
2
,
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
)
an
d
=
|
ℎ
|
2
3.
O
UT
AG
E
P
RO
B
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
(
O
P
)
ANALYSI
S
3
.
1
.
E
x
a
c
t
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
OP o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
at
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
d
esti
n
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
e
d
as
;
=
(
<
ℎ
)
=
(
+
<
ℎ
)
=
∫
(
ℎ
−
)
(
)
ℎ
0
(
1
3
)
wh
er
e
th
is
th
e
p
r
ed
eter
m
in
e
d
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
o
f
in
d
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
in
(
1
3
)
,
we
h
av
e
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
C
DF)
o
f
X
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
en
s
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
P
DF)
o
f
Y.
So
,
th
e
C
DF o
f
X
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
as
;
(
)
=
(
<
)
=
(
(
1
−
|
|
2
,
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
)
<
)
(
1
4
)
B
y
d
en
o
tin
g
22
S
R
R
D
T
h
h
=
an
d
2
Zf
=
,
i
n
(
1
4
)
ca
n
b
e
r
ef
o
r
m
u
lated
b
y
;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
0
5
9
-
1
0
6
5
1062
(
)
=
(
(
1
−
|
|
2
,
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
)
<
)
=
1
−
(
1
−
≥
)
⏟
1
(
|
ℎ
|
2
|
ℎ
|
2
≥
)
⏟
2
(
1
5
)
Fro
m
(
3
)
,
1
I
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as
;
1
=
(
1
−
≥
)
=
(
≤
1
−
)
=
1
−
(
−
(
1
−
)
)
(
1
6
)
Nex
t,
2
I
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
;
(
)
(
)
22
2
2
2
2
2
22
22
0
0
P
r
1
P
r
1
P
r
1
|
(
)
e
x
p
RD
SR
S
R
R
D
S
R
R
D
S
R
R
D
h
h
R
D
R
D
SR
R
D
R
D
I
h
h
x
h
h
x
xx
h
F
h
y
f
y
d
y
hh
x
y
d
y
y
=
=
−
=
−
=
−
=
=
−
−
(
1
7
)
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
e
q
u
atio
n
(
3
.
3
2
4
,
1
)
o
f
[
2
1
]
,
i
n
(
1
7
)
ca
n
b
e
r
ef
o
r
m
u
lated
b
y
;
2
=
2
×
√
×
1
(
2
√
)
(
1
8
)
wh
er
e
()
v
K
•
is
th
e
m
o
d
if
i
ed
B
ess
el
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
k
i
n
d
a
n
d
v
th
o
r
d
er
.
Su
b
s
titu
tin
g
(
1
7
)
an
d
(
1
8
)
in
to
(
1
5
)
,
we
o
b
tain
:
(
)
=
1
−
2
{
1
−
(
−
(
1
−
)
)
}
×
√
×
1
(
2
√
)
(
1
9
)
Nex
t,
th
e
C
DF o
f
Y
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
;
(
)
(
)
22
(
)
Pr
Pr
Pr
1
e
xp
Y
S
D
S
D
SD
y
F
y
Y
y
h
y
h
y
=
=
=
=
−
−
(
2
0
)
Fro
m
(
2
0
)
,
th
e
PDF o
f
Y
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
;
()
(
)
e
x
p
S
D
S
D
Y
Y
y
Fy
fy
y
=
=
−
(
2
1
)
Su
b
s
titu
tin
g
(
1
9
)
an
d
(
2
1
)
in
to
(
1
3
)
,
f
in
ally
,
t
h
e
OP in
ex
ac
t f
o
r
m
ca
n
b
e
claim
ed
as
;
(
)
0
1
0
(
)
(
)
2
(
1
)
1
e
x
p
1
e
x
p
e
x
p
(
)
2
(
)
()
th
th
X
th
Y
S
D
th
S
D
S
D
RR
th
O
P
F
y
f
y
d
y
y
y
K
y
d
y
y
=−
−
=
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
(
2
2
)
wh
er
e
(
)
=
√
(
ℎ
−
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
fo
r
th
r
ee
ca
s
es o
f o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
in
… (
P
h
u
Tr
a
n
Tin
)
1063
3
.
2
.
L
o
wer
a
nd
up
per
bo
un
d a
na
ly
s
is
I
t
is
ea
s
y
to
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
at
(
2
2
)
is
v
er
y
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
ca
lc
u
late
in
a
clo
s
ed
-
f
o
r
m
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
.
Hen
ce
,
in
t
h
is
s
e
c
ti
o
n
,
w
e
w
il
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
OP
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
n
l
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
u
p
p
e
r
b
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
m
s
.
F
r
o
m
(
1
2
)
,
w
e
c
a
n
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
as
;
(
)
2
m
i
n
,
2
m
a
x
(
,
)
X
Y
X
Y
X
Y
+
(
2
3
)
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
OP o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
lo
wer
b
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
m
ca
n
b
e
g
iv
en
b
y
;
=
[
(
,
)
<
ℎ
2
]
=
1
−
(
≥
ℎ
2
)
⏟
1
(
≥
ℎ
2
)
⏟
2
(
2
4
)
Fro
m
(
1
9
)
,
P
1
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
late
d
as
;
1
=
1
−
(
<
ℎ
2
)
=
{
1
−
(
−
2
(
1
−
)
ℎ
)
}
×
√
2
ℎ
×
1
(
√
2
ℎ
)
(
2
5
)
Nex
t,
P
2
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
;
2
1
P
r
e
x
p
22
t
h
S
D
t
h
PY
=
−
=
−
(
2
6
)
Su
b
s
titu
tin
g
(
2
5
)
an
d
(
2
6
)
in
to
(
2
4
)
,
we
claim
:
=
1
−
(
−
ℎ
2
)
{
1
−
(
−
2
(
1
−
)
ℎ
)
}
×
√
2
ℎ
×
1
(
√
2
ℎ
)
(
2
7
)
Similar
to
th
e
ab
o
v
e
,
th
e
u
p
p
e
r
b
o
u
n
d
OP o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
u
ted
as
;
1
P
r
m
a
x(
,
)
P
r
P
r
2
2
2
22
2
(
1
)
1
1
e
xp
1
e
xp
2
th
th
th
UB
S
R
R
D
th
S
R
R
D
th
RR
th
S
D
th
O
P
X
Y
X
Y
K
=
=
−
=
−
−
−
−
−
(
2
8
)
4.
NUM
E
RIC
AL
R
E
SU
L
T
S A
ND
DIS
C
USS
I
O
N
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
s
y
s
tem
'
s
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
in
v
esti
g
ated
u
s
in
g
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
im
u
latio
n
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
[
22
]
-
[
27
]
.
T
h
e
OP
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
en
e
r
g
y
c
o
ef
f
icie
n
t
η
is
d
r
awn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
with
th
e
m
ain
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
as
γ
th
=
1
,
ψ=
3
d
B
,
an
d
ρ
=0
.
3
.
I
n
th
is
f
ig
u
r
e
,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
th
e
ex
ac
t,
u
p
p
er
,
an
d
lo
wer
b
o
u
n
d
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
OP.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
OP
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
with
th
e
in
c
r
ea
s
e
o
f
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
ef
f
icien
t.
I
n
t
h
e
s
am
e
way
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
OP
v
er
s
u
s
γ
th
is
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
an
d
we
s
et
η
=0
.
8
,
Φ
=7
d
B
,
an
d
ρ
=0
.
8
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
OP
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
is
e
wh
ile
γ
th
v
ar
ies
f
r
o
m
0
to
6
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
f
o
r
all
ca
s
es
with
ex
ac
t,
lo
wer
,
an
d
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
.
Fr
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
s
3
a
n
d
4
,
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
an
d
th
e
an
al
y
tical
v
alu
es
ag
r
ee
well.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
OP
v
er
s
u
s
Φ
an
d
ρ
ar
e
p
r
esen
te
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
5
a
n
d
6
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
W
e
s
et
γ
th
=1
,
η
=1
,
an
d
ρ
-
0
.
5
f
o
r
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
Φ
=5
d
B
f
o
r
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
r
esp
e
ctiv
ely
.
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
OP
f
all
s
wh
ile
ψ
r
is
e
s
f
r
o
m
0
d
B
to
2
0
d
B
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
OP
h
as
a
s
lig
h
t
f
al
l
with
ρ
v
ar
ies
f
r
o
m
0
to
0
.
5
an
d
th
en
h
as
a
r
is
e
with
th
e
r
em
ain
in
g
v
alu
es
o
f
ρ
.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
OP
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
with
ρ
=0
.
5
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
On
ce
a
g
ain
,
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
ag
r
ee
with
th
e
m
ath
e
m
atica
l,
an
aly
tical
r
esu
lts
,
as in
Fig
u
r
es
5
an
d
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
0
5
9
-
1
0
6
5
1064
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
O
P v
er
s
u
s
η
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
O
P v
er
s
u
s
γ
th
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
O
P v
er
s
u
s
Φ
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
O
P v
er
s
u
s
ρ
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
one
-
way
D
F
f
u
ll
-
d
u
p
lex
r
elay
in
g
n
etwo
r
k
s
y
s
tem
with
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
d
ir
ec
t
lin
k
is
in
v
esti
g
ated
.
I
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
we
d
er
iv
ed
th
e
ex
ac
t
,
lo
wer
,
an
d
u
p
p
er
b
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
(
OP)
with
m
ax
im
al
r
atio
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
(
MRC
)
at
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
'
s
an
aly
tical
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
ar
e
v
er
if
ie
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
im
u
latio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
we
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
th
e
m
ain
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
n
th
e
OP
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
.
Fin
ally
,
we
ca
n
s
ate
th
at
th
e
s
im
u
la
tio
n
cu
r
v
es
o
v
er
lap
th
e
an
aly
tical
cu
r
v
es
to
c
o
n
v
i
n
ce
th
e
an
aly
s
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
n
o
v
el
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
te
d
b
y
th
e
I
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
o
f
Ho
C
h
i
Min
h
C
ity
(
I
UH)
,
Vietn
am
,
u
n
d
er
g
r
an
t
No
.
7
2
/HD
-
DHCN
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S.
Bi,
C.
K.
H
o
,
a
n
d
R.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
"
Wi
re
les
s
p
o
we
re
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
:
Op
p
o
rtu
n
it
ies
a
n
d
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,"
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
.
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
5
3
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
7
-
1
2
5
,
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/M
COM.
2
0
1
5
.
7
0
8
1
0
8
4
.
[2
]
D.
Niy
a
to
,
D.
I.
Kim
,
M.
M
a
so
,
a
n
d
Z
.
Ha
n
,
"
Wi
re
les
s
P
o
we
re
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ne
two
r
k
s:
Re
se
a
rc
h
Dire
c
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
Ap
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s,"
IEE
E
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
-
1
1
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/COM
S
T.
2
0
1
4
.
2
3
6
8
9
9
9
.
[3
]
H.
Yu
,
H.
Lee
,
a
n
d
H.
Je
o
n
,
"
Wh
a
t
is
5
G
?
Eme
rg
in
g
5
G
M
o
b
i
le
S
e
rv
ice
s
a
n
d
Ne
two
r
k
Re
q
u
irem
e
n
ts,"
S
u
sta
in
a
b
il
it
y
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
2
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/s
u
9
1
0
1
8
4
8
.
[4
]
X.
Zh
o
u
,
R
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
C.
K.
Ho
,
"
Wi
re
les
s
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
P
o
we
r
Tran
sfe
r:
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Ra
te
-
En
e
rg
y
Trad
e
o
ff
,
"
I
EE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
6
1
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
4
7
5
4
-
4
7
6
7
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TCOM
M
.
2
0
1
3
.
1
3
.
1
2
0
8
5
5
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
fo
r
th
r
ee
ca
s
es o
f o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
in
… (
P
h
u
Tr
a
n
Tin
)
1065
[5
]
T.
N.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
M
.
Tran
,
D.
H.
H
a
,
T.
T.
Tran
g
,
a
n
d
M
.
V
o
z
ň
á
k
,
"
M
u
lt
i
-
s
o
u
rc
e
i
n
DF
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
Ne
two
rk
s
wit
h
th
e
P
S
R
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
Ba
se
d
F
u
ll
-
d
u
p
lex
E
n
e
rg
y
Ha
rv
e
stin
g
o
v
e
r
a
Ra
y
leig
h
F
a
d
in
g
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
:
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
An
a
ly
sis,
"
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
Est
o
n
i
a
n
Aca
d
e
my
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
T.
N.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
M
.
Tran
,
T
.
-
L
.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
D
.
-
H
.
Ha
,
a
n
d
M
.
V
o
z
ň
á
k
,
"
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
a
Us
e
r
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
P
ro
to
c
o
l
in
C
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
Ne
two
r
k
s
with
P
o
we
r
S
p
li
tt
in
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
l
-
Ba
se
d
En
e
rg
y
Ha
rv
e
stin
g
Ov
e
r
Na
k
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
/Ray
leig
h
C
h
a
n
n
e
ls,
"
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
4
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/ele
c
tro
n
ics
8
0
4
0
4
4
8
.
[7
]
T.
N.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
T
.
H.
Q.
M
i
n
h
,
P
.
T.
Tran
,
a
n
d
M
.
Vo
z
ň
á
k
,
"
E
n
e
rg
y
Ha
rv
e
stin
g
o
v
e
r
Ricia
n
F
a
d
i
n
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
l:
A
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
An
a
ly
sis
fo
r
Ha
lf
-
Du
p
lex
Bi
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
two
rk
s
u
n
d
e
r
Ha
rd
wa
re
Im
p
a
irme
n
ts,
"
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/s
1
8
0
6
1
7
8
1
.
[8
]
T.
N.
Ng
u
y
e
n
e
t
a
l.
,
"
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
fo
r
En
e
r
g
y
H
a
rv
e
stin
g
Ba
se
d
Two
-
wa
y
Re
lay
P
ro
t
o
c
o
ls
in
Wi
re
les
s
Ad
-
h
o
c
Ne
two
rk
s
with
P
a
rti
a
l
a
n
d
F
u
ll
Re
lay
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
M
e
th
o
d
s,"
Ad
Ho
c
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,
v
o
l.
8
4
,
p
p
.
1
7
8
-
8
7
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j.
a
d
h
o
c
.
2
0
1
8
.
1
0
.
0
0
5
.
[9
]
Li
u
,
R
u
o
h
e
n
g
,
I
.
M
a
ric,
P
.
S
p
a
so
jev
ic,
a
n
d
R
.
D.
Ya
tes
,
"
Di
sc
re
te
M
e
m
o
ry
les
s
In
terfe
re
n
c
e
a
n
d
Br
o
a
d
c
a
st
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls
with
Co
n
fid
e
n
ti
a
l
M
e
ss
a
g
e
s:
S
e
c
re
c
y
Ra
te
Re
g
i
o
n
s,
"
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
4
9
3
-
5
0
7
,
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
I
T.
2
0
0
8
.
9
2
1
8
7
9
.
[1
0
]
P
.
K.
G
o
p
a
la,
L
.
Lai
a
n
d
H.
El
G
a
m
a
l,
"
On
th
e
S
e
c
re
c
y
Ca
p
a
c
it
y
o
f
F
a
d
in
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls,"
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
o
r
y
,
v
o
l.
5
4
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
4
6
8
7
-
4
6
9
8
,
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
I
T.
2
0
0
8
.
9
2
8
9
9
0
.
[1
1
]
S
.
L
i
a
n
d
Q
.
D
u
,
"
A
Re
v
iew
o
f
P
h
y
sic
a
l
La
y
e
r
S
e
c
u
ri
ty
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
fo
r
I
n
tern
e
t
o
f
Th
in
g
s:
Ch
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
a
n
d
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
s,"
En
tr
o
p
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
1
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/e
2
0
1
0
0
7
3
0
.
[1
2
]
K
.
Ali,
A
.
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
i,
a
n
d
M
.
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
i,
"
Jo
i
n
t
Re
lay
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
P
o
we
r
All
o
c
a
ti
o
n
i
n
Lar
g
e
-
S
c
a
le
M
IM
O
S
y
ste
m
s
with
Un
tr
u
ste
d
Re
lay
s
a
n
d
P
a
ss
iv
e
Eav
e
sd
r
o
p
p
e
rs,"
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
Fo
re
n
sic
s
a
n
d
S
e
c
u
rity
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
4
1
-
3
5
5
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
IF
S
.
2
0
1
7
.
2
7
5
0
1
0
2
.
[1
3
]
H
.
Li
n
e
t
a
l
,
"
C
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
Ja
m
m
i
n
g
fo
r
P
h
y
sic
a
l
Lay
e
r
S
e
c
u
rit
y
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
in
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s,"
IEE
E
In
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s J
o
u
rn
a
l,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
-
2
8
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/JIO
T.
2
0
1
7
.
2
7
7
8
1
8
5
.
[1
4
]
T
.
P
.
Tran
,
D
.
T.
Hu
n
g
,
T
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
T
.
Du
y
,
a
n
d
M
.
Vo
z
ň
á
k
,
"
S
e
c
re
c
y
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
fo
r
Un
d
e
rlay
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
Ra
d
io
Ne
two
r
k
s
Emp
lo
y
in
g
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
M
u
l
ti
-
Ho
p
Tran
sm
issio
n
wit
h
a
n
d
with
o
u
t
P
re
se
n
c
e
o
f
Ha
rd
wa
re
Im
p
a
irme
n
ts,"
En
tr
o
p
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
6
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/e2
1
0
2
0
2
1
7
.
[1
5
]
R.
Zh
a
o
,
Y.
Yu
a
n
,
L.
F
a
n
,
a
n
d
Y.
C.
He
,
"
S
e
c
re
c
y
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
Co
g
n
it
i
v
e
De
c
o
d
e
-
a
n
d
-
F
o
rwa
rd
Re
lay
Ne
two
rk
s
in
Na
k
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
F
a
d
in
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
4
9
-
5
6
3
,
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
TCOM
M
.
2
0
1
6
.
2
6
1
8
7
9
3
[1
6
]
T
.
P
h
u
,
P
.
M
.
Na
m
,
T
.
T
.
Du
y
,
P
.
Tran
,
a
n
d
M
.
Vo
z
n
a
k
,
"
S
e
c
r
e
c
y
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
TAS
/
S
C
-
Ba
se
d
M
u
lt
i
-
Ho
p
Ha
rv
e
st
-
to
-
Tran
sm
it
Co
g
n
i
ti
v
e
W
S
Ns
Un
d
e
r
Jo
i
n
t
C
o
n
stra
in
t
o
f
In
t
e
rfe
re
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ha
rd
wa
re
Im
p
e
rfe
c
ti
o
n
,
"
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
0
,
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/s1
9
0
5
1
1
6
0
.
[1
7
]
T.
D.
Hie
u
,
T
.
T.
D
u
y
,
a
n
d
B.
S
.
Kim
,
"
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
En
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
fo
r
M
u
lt
i
-
h
o
p
Ha
rv
e
st
-
to
-
Tran
s
m
it
WS
Ns
wit
h
P
a
th
-
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
M
e
t
h
o
d
s
in
P
re
s
e
n
c
e
o
f
Eav
e
sd
r
o
p
p
e
rs
a
n
d
Ha
rd
wa
re
No
ise
s,"
IEE
E
S
e
n
so
rs
J
o
u
rn
a
l
,
v
o
l
1
8
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
5
1
7
3
-
5
1
8
6
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/JS
EN.
2
0
1
8
.
2
8
2
9
1
4
5
.
[
1
8
]
V
.
D
.
P
h
a
n
,
T
.
N
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
M
.
T
r
a
n
,
a
n
d
T
.
L
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
"
O
u
t
a
g
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
d
u
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
h
a
r
v
e
s
t
i
n
g
r
e
l
a
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
o
v
e
r
r
a
y
l
e
i
g
h
f
a
d
i
n
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
u
s
i
n
g
S
C
a
n
d
M
R
C
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
"
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
vol
.
1
6
,
no
.
2
,
p
p
.
803
-
8
1
1
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
I
J
E
E
C
S
.
v
1
6
.
i
2
.
p
p
8
0
3
-
8
1
1
.
[1
9
]
T
.
N.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
M
.
Tran
,
V
.
D
.
P
h
a
n
,
H
.
N
.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
a
n
d
T
.
L
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
"
O
u
tag
e
p
ro
b
a
b
il
it
y
a
n
a
ly
s
is
o
f
EH
re
lay
-
a
ss
isted
n
o
n
-
o
rt
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
m
u
lt
i
p
le
a
c
c
e
ss
(NO
M
A)
sy
ste
m
s
o
v
e
r
b
lo
c
k
Ra
y
lei
g
h
fa
d
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
6
0
7
-
3
6
1
4
,
Oc
t
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
jec
e
.
v
9
i5
.
p
p
3
6
0
7
-
3
6
1
4
.
[2
0
]
C
.
Z
h
o
n
g
,
H
.
A.
S
u
ra
we
e
ra
,
G
.
Z
h
e
n
g
,
I
.
Kri
k
id
is,
a
n
d
Z
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
"
Wi
re
les
s
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
P
o
we
r
Tran
sfe
r
wit
h
F
u
ll
Du
p
lex
Re
lay
in
g
,
"
IE
EE
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
3
4
4
7
-
6
1
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
COM
M
.
2
0
1
4
.
2
3
5
7
4
2
3
.
[2
1
]
T.
N.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
P
.
T.
Tra
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
Vo
z
ň
á
k
,
"
P
o
we
r
S
p
li
tt
in
g
-
b
a
se
d
En
e
rg
y
-
h
a
rv
e
stin
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
l
fo
r
Wi
re
les
s
-
p
o
we
re
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ne
two
r
k
s
wit
h
a
Bi
d
irec
ti
o
n
a
l
Re
lay
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
n
o
.
1
3
,
2
0
1
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/d
a
c
.
3
7
2
1
.
[2
2
]
M
.
R.
Bh
a
tn
a
g
a
r,
"
On
th
e
Ca
p
a
c
it
y
o
f
De
c
o
d
e
-
a
n
d
-
F
o
rwa
rd
R
e
lay
in
g
o
v
e
r
Ricia
n
F
a
d
i
n
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls,"
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
0
-
0
3
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/L
COM
M
.
2
0
1
3
.
0
5
0
3
1
3
.
1
2
2
8
1
3
.
[2
3
]
D
.
Zwil
li
n
g
e
r;
"
Tab
le
o
f
In
te
g
ra
ls,
S
e
ries
,
a
n
d
P
ro
d
u
c
ts,
"
Aca
d
e
mic
Pre
s
s,
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r:
NY
,
USA
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
4
]
A.
A.
Na
sir,
X.
Zh
o
u
,
S
.
Du
rr
a
n
i,
R
.
A.
Ke
n
n
e
d
y
,
"
Re
lay
in
g
P
ro
to
c
o
ls
f
o
r
Wi
re
les
s
E
n
e
rg
y
Ha
rv
e
stin
g
a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
P
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
,
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
3
6
2
2
-
3
6
3
6
,
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/T
W
C
.
2
0
1
3
.
0
6
2
4
1
3
.
1
2
2
0
4
2
.
[2
5
]
P
.
T
.
Ti
n
,
T
.
N
.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
M
.
Tran
,
T
.
T
.
Tra
n
g
,
a
n
d
L
.
S
e
v
c
i
k
,
"
E
x
p
l
o
it
i
n
g
Dire
c
t
Li
n
k
in
Two
-
Wa
y
Ha
lf
-
Du
p
le
x
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
two
rk
o
v
e
r
Blo
c
k
Ra
y
l
e
ig
h
F
a
d
i
n
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
l:
Up
p
e
r
Bo
u
n
d
Erg
o
d
ic
Ca
p
a
c
it
y
a
n
d
Ex
a
c
t
S
ER
An
a
ly
sis
,
"
S
e
n
so
rs
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/s2
0
0
4
1
1
6
5
.
[2
6
]
P
.
T
.
Ti
n
,
M
.
Tran
,
T
.
N.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
a
n
d
T
.
T
.
Tran
g
,
"
E
n
e
rg
y
Ha
rv
e
stin
g
Ha
lf
-
Du
p
lex
AF
P
o
we
r
S
p
l
i
tt
in
g
P
ro
t
o
c
o
l
Re
lay
Ne
two
rk
o
v
e
r
Ricia
n
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
in
Ca
se
o
f
M
a
x
imiz
in
g
Ca
p
a
c
it
y
,
"
T
E
L
KOM
NIKA
T
e
le
c
o
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
,
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tr
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
no
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
6
1
5
-
1
6
2
4
,
Au
g
u
st
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
TE
LKOMNIKA
.
v
1
7
i
4
.
1
1
0
8
6
.
[2
7
]
P
.
T
.
Ti
n
,
T
.
N.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
M
.
Tra
n
,
T
.
T
.
Tran
g
,
a
n
d
L
.
S
e
v
c
ik
,
"
E
x
p
l
o
it
i
n
g
Dire
c
t
Li
n
k
in
Two
Way
Ha
lf
-
Du
p
lex
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
two
rk
o
v
e
r
Blo
c
k
Ra
y
l
e
ig
h
F
a
d
i
n
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
l:
Up
p
e
r
Bo
u
n
d
Erg
o
d
ic
Ca
p
a
c
it
y
a
n
d
Ex
a
c
t
S
ER
An
a
ly
sis
,
"
S
e
n
so
rs
,
v
o
l
.
20
,
n
o
.
4
,
2
0
2
0
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/s2
0
0
4
1
1
6
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.