T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2020
,
pp.
13
68
~
13
75
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i3.
14831
1368
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
php/T
E
L
K
OM
N
I
K
A
L
ow
-
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
r
e
sp
o
n
se
t
e
st
d
e
vi
c
e
of
e
le
c
t
r
e
t
c
on
d
e
n
se
r
m
ic
r
op
h
on
e
E
r
n
i
Yud
an
in
gt
yas
1
,
Ac
h
s
an
u
l
Kh
a
b
ib
2
,
War
u
Dj
u
r
iat
n
o
3
,
Z
ak
iyah
A
m
ali
a
4
,
Ram
ad
h
an
i
Ku
r
n
iawan
S
u
b
r
ot
o
5
1,
3,
5
D
ep
ar
t
men
t
o
f
E
l
ect
r
i
cal
E
n
g
i
n
eeri
n
g
,
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
o
f
Braw
i
j
ay
a
,
In
d
o
n
es
i
a
2,
4
D
e
p
art
me
n
t
o
f
E
l
ec
t
ri
ca
l
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
,
St
at
e
Po
l
y
t
ech
n
i
c
o
f
Mal
a
n
g
,
In
d
o
n
es
i
a
Ar
t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
Aug
2
,
2019
R
e
vis
e
d
J
a
n
31
,
2020
Ac
c
e
pted
F
e
b
26
,
2020
A
rt
er
i
al
p
u
l
s
e
meas
u
remen
t
u
s
i
n
g
el
ect
ret
co
n
d
e
n
s
er
mi
cro
p
h
o
n
e
req
u
i
res
t
h
e
s
t
a
n
d
a
rd
t
o
v
a
l
i
d
at
e
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
meas
u
re
men
t
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
an
d
ard
req
u
i
res
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
d
e
v
i
ce
t
o
rep
r
o
d
u
ci
n
g
t
h
e
mech
an
i
c
al
v
i
b
rat
i
o
n
t
o
emu
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
ar
t
eri
a
l
p
u
l
s
e
v
i
b
rat
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
mai
n
o
b
j
ect
i
v
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
a
p
er
i
s
t
o
d
i
s
cu
s
s
t
h
e
t
es
t
d
e
v
i
ce
o
f
el
ec
t
ret
c
o
n
d
en
s
er
mi
cr
o
p
h
o
n
e
u
s
i
n
g
c
l
as
s
A
am
p
l
i
fi
er
s
an
d
low
-
freq
u
en
c
y
l
o
u
d
s
p
ea
k
e
r.
T
o
v
al
i
d
a
t
e
t
h
i
s
p
u
l
s
e
meas
u
remen
t
,
t
h
i
s
cl
a
s
s
A
amp
l
i
fi
er
i
s
ex
ami
n
ed
u
n
d
er
an
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
e
t
u
p
.
T
h
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
s
s
h
o
w
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
t
o
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
m
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
o
u
r
c
e
t
o
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
h
u
m
a
n
a
r
t
e
r
i
a
l
p
u
l
s
e
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
las
s
A
a
mpl
if
ier
E
lec
tr
e
t
c
onde
ns
e
r
mi
c
r
ophone
L
ouds
pe
a
k
e
r
L
ow
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
T
e
s
t
de
vice
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
E
r
ni
Yuda
ningt
ya
s
,
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
E
lec
tr
ica
l
E
nginee
r
ing,
Unive
r
s
it
y
of
B
r
a
wijaya
,
I
ndone
s
ia
.
E
mail:
e
r
ni@ub
.
a
c
.
id
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
An
e
lec
tr
e
t
c
onde
ns
e
r
mi
c
r
ophone
(
E
C
M
)
is
a
m
icr
ophone
de
s
igned
in
the
a
udio
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
a
nge
a
bout
20
Hz
-
20
kHz
[1
,
2]
.
E
C
M
is
uti
li
z
e
d
to
a
c
c
ur
a
tely
mea
s
ur
e
the
a
r
ter
ial
puls
e
in
the
low
-
f
r
e
qu
e
nc
y
i.
e
,
1
Hz
[2
,
3]
.
T
he
a
r
te
r
ial
puls
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
is
a
r
o
und
1.
5
-
2.
1
Hz
a
t
the
no
r
mal
c
ondit
ion
o
f
hum
a
n
[
4
-
8]
.
T
he
E
C
M
wor
ks
to
de
tec
t
the
a
r
te
r
ial
puls
e
a
nd
i
s
ope
r
a
ted
by
taking
a
mec
ha
nica
l
s
ignal
f
r
om
th
e
a
r
ter
ial
puls
e
[
3]
.
T
his
E
C
M
is
us
e
d
to
mea
s
ur
e
a
r
ter
ial
p
uls
e
s
f
r
e
que
ntl
y
[9
-
13]
.
T
he
a
r
ter
ial
puls
e
mea
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
is
ba
s
e
d
on
the
T
r
a
dit
ional
C
hines
e
M
e
dicine
metho
d
[
14
-
16]
.
E
ve
n
though
E
C
M
ha
s
be
e
n
c
onduc
ted
by
many
kinds
of
li
ter
a
tur
e
,
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
on
E
C
M
is
s
ti
ll
r
e
l
e
va
nt
today.
I
n
[
3]
,
the
a
r
ter
ial
pu
ls
e
r
e
c
or
ding
de
vice
ha
s
be
e
n
de
s
igned
f
r
om
E
C
M
us
ing
a
mec
ha
nica
l
f
il
t
e
r
a
nd
e
lec
tr
onic
f
il
ter
[
17
]
.
I
n
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
,
thi
s
E
C
M
r
e
quir
e
s
a
tool
to
de
ter
mi
ne
the
r
e
s
pons
e
o
f
e
lec
tr
ica
l
a
nd
mec
ha
nica
l
r
e
s
pons
e
s
s
u
c
h
that
it
c
a
n
be
known
whe
ther
th
is
E
C
M
is
s
tationer
y
at
the
f
r
e
q
ue
nc
y
of
0
.5
-
10
Hz
.
B
y
c
ons
ider
ing
thi
s
p
r
oblem,
the
tes
t
de
vice
is
r
e
quir
e
d
to
e
xa
mi
ne
a
nd
obtain
the
f
r
e
q
ue
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
of
E
C
M
or
e
ve
n
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
a
s
a
human
puls
e
e
mul
a
tor
.
S
ince
the
puls
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
is
typi
c
a
ll
y
low
f
r
e
que
nc
y,
be
twe
e
n
0
.
5
-
2
Hz
,
s
pe
c
ial
tr
e
a
tm
e
nt
is
im
pleme
nted
to
s
a
ti
s
f
y
thes
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
a
nge
s
.
T
he
pr
e
vious
wor
ks
r
e
late
d
to
E
C
M
f
or
the
a
p
pli
c
a
ti
on
of
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
de
vice
ha
s
not
ye
t
be
e
n
c
ondu
c
ted.
T
he
t
e
s
t
de
vice
ba
s
e
d
E
C
M
to
obtain
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
is
c
ons
tr
uc
ted
in
thi
s
pa
pe
r
.
T
he
tes
t
de
vice
ge
ne
r
a
tes
the
mec
ha
nica
l
s
ignal
c
omi
ng
f
r
om
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
.
I
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
the
type
o
f
louds
pe
a
ke
r
s
us
e
d
is
a
n
ova
l
woof
e
r
type
f
r
om
the
T
V
[
18]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
L
ow
-
fr
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
tes
t
de
v
ice
of
e
lec
tr
e
t
c
on
de
ns
e
r
mic
r
ophon
e
(
E
r
ni
Y
udaningt
y
as
)
1369
T
he
louds
pe
a
ke
r
is
then
ope
r
a
ted
in
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
a
nge
0,
5
-
10
Hz
f
o
r
mec
ha
nica
l
vibr
a
ti
on
s
uc
h
th
a
t
it
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
a
s
a
pul
s
e
e
mul
a
tor
.
T
he
a
ddit
ional
de
vice
that
is
a
ble
to
dr
ive
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
is
of
ten
c
a
ll
e
d
a
s
ignal
a
mpl
if
ier
o
r
a
n
a
mpl
if
ier
.
T
he
c
las
s
A
a
mpl
if
ier
is
s
e
lec
ted
to
e
li
mi
na
te
th
e
dis
tor
ti
on
of
the
s
ignal.
C
las
s
A
a
mpl
i
f
ier
ha
s
c
onti
nuous
c
ur
r
e
nt
f
lows
without
a
ny
dis
tor
ti
on
be
c
a
us
e
the
tr
a
ns
is
tor
is
ope
r
a
ted
c
onti
nuous
ly
[
19]
.
T
his
type
of
a
mpl
if
ier
is
a
kind
of
a
mpl
if
ier
e
xhibi
ti
n
g
low
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
a
s
the
c
ur
r
e
nt
f
lowing
in
the
tr
a
ns
is
tor
is
c
onti
nuous
.
T
his
s
tudy
dis
c
us
s
e
s
the
dis
plac
e
me
nt
r
e
s
pons
e
on
a
tes
t
de
vice
whe
n
given
a
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
ignal
f
r
om
a
s
ignal
ge
ne
r
a
tor
a
mpl
if
ied
by
t
he
c
las
s
A
a
mpl
if
ier
.
Dis
plac
e
ment
a
mpl
if
ier
us
e
d
a
s
a
mec
ha
nica
l
s
ignal
s
our
c
e
is
a
ls
o
uti
li
z
e
d
a
s
a
puls
e
e
mul
a
tor
a
nd
mec
ha
nica
l
s
ignal
ge
ne
r
a
tor
.
F
igur
e
1
s
hows
the
c
onf
igur
a
ti
on
of
the
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
tes
t
the
de
vice
of
E
C
M
us
ing
a
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
mpl
if
ier
a
nd
louds
pe
a
ke
r
.
I
n
f
r
on
t
of
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
,
s
of
t
s
il
icon
r
ubbe
r
is
ins
talled
a
nd
r
e
s
pons
ib
l
e
to
incr
e
a
s
e
mec
ha
nica
l
c
oupli
ng
be
twe
e
n
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
a
nd
E
C
M
.
T
he
de
tail
de
s
c
r
ipt
ion
of
the
me
c
ha
nica
l
c
oupli
ng
ha
s
be
e
n
dis
c
us
s
e
d
in
[
3]
.
F
igur
e
1.
T
he
c
onf
igur
a
ti
on
of
the
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
tes
t
de
vice
of
E
C
M
ba
s
e
d
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
louds
pe
a
ke
r
[
3]
T
o
obs
e
r
ve
the
s
pe
a
ke
r
im
pe
da
nc
e
,
the
im
pe
da
nc
e
tes
t
is
r
e
quir
e
d
to
mea
s
ur
e
the
s
pe
a
ke
r
im
pe
da
nc
e
in
the
r
a
nge
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
0,
5
-
10
Hz
.
I
n
thi
s
s
tudy,
the
i
mpeda
nc
e
of
the
s
pe
a
ke
r
is
tes
ted
us
ing
a
ve
c
tor
ne
twor
k
a
na
lyze
r
(
VN
A)
[
20
,
21]
type
B
ode
-
100
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
,
th
e
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
mpl
if
ier
is
a
na
l
yz
e
d
to
obs
e
r
ve
the
im
pe
da
nc
e
of
the
a
mpl
if
ier
.
T
his
pa
pe
r
dis
c
us
s
e
s
tes
t
de
vice
s
us
ing
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
mpl
if
ier
s
a
nd
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
louds
pe
a
ke
r
s
to
mea
s
ur
e
the
r
e
s
pons
e
of
E
C
M
f
or
a
r
ter
ial
puls
e
s
e
ns
or
[
22
,
23]
.
T
he
e
xpe
r
i
menta
l
r
e
s
ult
ha
s
ve
r
if
ied
the
pr
opos
e
d
be
nc
hmar
ks
.
T
his
pa
pe
r
or
ga
nize
d
a
s
f
oll
ows
:
s
e
c
ti
on
1
int
r
odu
c
e
s
the
ba
c
kgr
ound
of
th
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
whic
h
is
a
bout
the
int
r
oduc
ti
on
of
a
r
ter
ial
puls
e
s
e
ns
or
s
us
ing
E
C
M
a
nd
how
the
ba
c
kgr
ound
of
the
tes
t
de
vice
is
made
to
de
ter
mi
ne
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
of
the
E
C
M
that
is
us
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
r
ter
ial
puls
e
s
e
ns
o
r
.
S
e
c
ti
on
2
int
r
od
uc
e
s
the
mate
r
ial
a
nd
the
method
us
e
d
in
de
s
igni
ng
a
r
t
e
r
i
a
l
p
u
l
s
e
t
e
s
t
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
,
t
h
e
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
s
o
f
l
o
w
-
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
l
o
u
d
s
p
e
a
k
e
r
a
n
d
l
o
w
-
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
s
h
o
w
t
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
e
t
h
e
a
r
t
e
r
i
a
l
p
u
l
s
e
t
e
s
t
d
e
v
i
c
e
.
T
h
e
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
a
n
d
D
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
o
n
a
r
e
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
e
d
i
n
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
3
.
A
n
d
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
,
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
4
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
C
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
.
2.
M
AT
E
R
I
AL
AN
D
M
E
T
HO
D
T
o
im
pleme
nt
the
pr
opos
e
d
tes
t
de
vice
,
s
ome
c
omponents
a
r
e
r
e
a
li
z
e
d
to
thi
s
tes
t
de
vice
s
uc
h
a
s
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
with
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
s
,
the
a
mpl
i
f
ier
without
dis
tor
ti
on
a
nd
ha
s
high
li
ne
a
r
it
y
a
nd
mea
s
ur
e
ment
de
vice
i.
e
.
os
c
il
los
c
ope
a
nd
ve
c
tor
ne
t
wor
k
a
na
lyze
r
.
T
he
de
tailed
c
ompo
ne
nts
of
the
ove
r
a
ll
s
ys
tem
a
r
e
e
xplaine
d
a
s
f
oll
ows
.
2.
1
.
L
ow
-
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
lou
d
s
p
e
ak
e
r
C
omm
only
,
the
e
xis
ti
ng
s
pe
a
ke
r
ha
s
a
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
in
the
r
a
nge
be
twe
e
n
20
Hz
to
20
kHz
,
howe
ve
r
,
in
thi
s
s
tudy,
the
pr
opos
e
d
s
pe
a
ke
r
is
de
s
igned
to
s
a
ti
s
f
y
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
a
nge
of
0
.5
-
10
Hz
.
F
igur
e
2
s
hows
the
s
c
he
matic
e
quivale
nt
c
ir
c
uit
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
s
pe
a
ke
r
.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
s
pe
a
ke
r
c
on
s
is
ts
of
two
c
omponents
,
i.
e
:
the
e
lec
tr
ica
l
a
nd
the
mec
ha
nica
l
c
omponent.
T
he
e
lec
tr
ica
l
c
omp
one
nt
is
c
ompos
e
d
by
the
movi
ng
c
oil
,
while
the
mec
ha
nica
l
c
omponent
c
ons
is
ts
of
diaphr
a
gm
a
nd
s
pr
ing
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
F
igu
r
e
2
,
the
mathe
matica
l
model
o
f
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
c
a
n
be
de
r
ived
a
s
f
oll
ows
:
(
)
=
+
+
1
(
−
1
)
+
1
(
1)
w
he
r
e
the
l
ouds
pe
a
ke
r
im
pe
da
nc
e
is
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
b
y
(
)
,
the
r
e
s
is
tanc
e
of
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
c
oil
is
a
s
s
umed
by
,
the
inducta
nc
e
of
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
c
oil
is
de
no
ted
by
,
the
mas
s
of
diaph
r
a
gm
is
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
by
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
13
68
-
13
75
1370
the
s
pr
ing
diaphr
a
gm
of
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
is
r
e
late
d
by
a
nd
the
los
s
e
s
of
s
pr
ing
diaphr
a
gm
is
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
by
.
T
he
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
o
f
the
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
louds
pe
a
ke
r
a
r
e
de
s
c
r
ibed
in
T
a
ble
1
.
F
igur
e
2.
T
he
M
ode
li
ng
of
L
ouds
pe
a
ke
r
T
a
ble
1.
T
he
pa
r
a
mete
r
of
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
modelli
ng
P
a
r
a
me
te
r
D
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
on
V
a
lu
e
L
ouds
pe
a
ke
r
c
oi
l
r
e
s
is
ta
nc
e
6.1 Ω
L
ouds
pe
a
ke
r
c
oi
l
in
duc
ta
nc
e
0.11 mH
S
pr
in
g di
a
phr
a
gm of
t
he
lo
uds
pe
a
ke
r
7.5 mH
S
pr
in
g di
a
phr
a
gm l
os
s
e
s
8.9 Ω
D
ia
phr
a
gm m
a
s
s
306 µF
A
mpl
if
ie
r
C
la
s
s
A
A
mpl
if
ie
r
1
-
1000
Hz
Ac
c
or
ding
to
F
igur
e
2
,
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
ha
s
a
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y.
T
he
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y
is
the
r
e
lations
hip
be
twe
e
n
the
mec
ha
nica
l
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
the
diaphr
a
gm
a
nd
the
mov
ing
c
oil
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
(
2
)
a
s
f
oll
ows
:
=
1
2
√
(
2)
whe
r
e
is
the
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
,
is
the
s
ti
f
f
ne
s
s
of
the
s
pr
ing
c
ompl
ia
nc
e
louds
pe
a
ke
r
a
nd
is
the
mas
s
(
we
ight
)
of
a
ll
c
om
pone
nts
movi
ng
on
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
.
is
a
notation
f
or
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
s
ti
f
f
n
e
s
s
s
ys
tem
in
c
e
nti
metr
e
s
p
e
r
dyne
whic
h
c
ons
is
ts
of
a
s
pider
o
r
s
pr
ing
s
ys
tem
that
pos
it
ions
the
movi
ng
pa
r
t
a
ga
in
a
t
the
r
e
s
t
p
os
it
ion.
T
his
movi
ng
pa
r
t
pos
it
ion
c
a
n
move
f
or
wa
r
d
or
ba
c
kwa
r
ds
f
r
om
the
r
e
s
t
pos
it
ion
a
c
c
or
ding
to
the
s
ignal
given
to
the
l
ouds
pe
a
ke
r
.
T
he
s
tr
e
ngt
h
of
thi
s
s
pr
ing
will
de
ter
m
ine
how
much
f
or
c
e
is
given
by
voice
-
c
oil
.
T
he
gr
e
a
ter
the
va
lue
o
f
,
the
g
r
e
a
ter
th
e
f
or
c
e
that
the
movi
ng
c
oil
mus
t
be
give
n
.
W
he
r
e
a
s
,
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
a
ll
c
omponents
loade
d
f
r
om
louds
pe
a
ke
r
s
s
uc
h
a
s
diaphr
a
gms
,
c
one
s
,
a
nd
movi
ng
c
oil
s
a
s
we
ll
a
s
in
c
luded
in
thi
s
c
omponent.
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
a
f
or
e
men
ti
one
d
e
xplana
ti
on,
it
c
a
n
be
c
onc
luded
that
the
type
of
woof
e
r
louds
pe
a
ke
r
ha
s
the
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
of
S
whic
h
is
lowe
r
than
other
types
of
louds
pe
a
ke
r
s
a
nd
is
gr
e
a
ter
tha
n
other
types
o
f
louds
pe
a
ke
r
s
.
T
o
f
ind
ou
t
the
f
o
r
c
e
a
c
ti
ng
on
the
diaphr
a
gm
of
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
pr
ovided
by
the
voice
c
oil
,
the
c
ombi
na
ti
on
of
the
e
lec
tr
ica
l
a
nd
mec
ha
nica
l
domain
mus
t
be
incor
por
a
ted
a
nd
a
dde
d
.
M
a
gne
ti
z
ing
f
or
c
e
to
obtain
a
lar
ge
f
o
r
c
e
that
a
f
f
e
c
ts
the
movi
ng
f
or
c
e
of
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
the
f
oll
owing
:
=
=
(
3)
whe
r
e
is
the
magne
ti
c
f
ield
s
tr
e
ngth
(
)
,
is
the
length
o
f
the
c
onduc
tor
in
the
magne
ti
c
f
ield
(
)
,
is
the
f
or
c
e
in
Ne
wton
(
)
,
is
the
s
pe
e
d
f
r
om
movi
ng
the
movi
ng
pa
r
t
louds
pe
a
ke
r
(
/
)
,
is
the
c
ur
r
e
nt
pa
s
s
ing
thr
ough
the
movi
ng
c
oil
f
r
om
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
(
)
a
nd
is
the
volt
a
ge
s
upplyi
ng
movi
ng
c
oil
f
r
om
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
(
)
.
M
e
c
ha
nica
l
qua
li
ty
f
a
c
tor
a
nd
e
lec
tr
ica
l
qua
li
ty
f
a
c
to
r
a
r
e
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
thi
s
f
oll
owi
ng
(
4)
:
=
2
=
(
4)
=
1
2
√
whe
r
e
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
mec
ha
nica
l
qua
li
ty
f
a
c
tor
,
de
notes
the
e
lec
tr
ica
l
qua
li
ty
f
a
c
tor
a
nd
is
the
r
e
s
ona
nc
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y.
2.
2
.
L
ow
-
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
am
p
li
f
ier
S
ince
the
a
udio
a
mpl
if
ier
[
24]
ha
s
a
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
in
the
r
a
nge
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
20
-
20
kHz
,
the
a
mpl
if
ie
r
is
c
ondit
ioned
in
the
r
a
nge
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
0.
5
-
10
Hz
.
I
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
the
ba
s
ic
pr
in
c
ipl
e
of
the
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
mpl
i
f
ier
us
ing
mod
if
ied
C
las
s
A
is
int
r
oduc
e
d.
T
he
s
c
he
matic
s
of
the
c
i
r
c
uit
a
r
e
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
3
a
nd
F
igur
e
4
.
T
he
p
r
opos
e
d
a
mpl
if
ier
is
c
ompos
e
d
by
Da
r
li
ngton
t
r
a
ns
is
tor
s
a
nd
s
e
ve
r
a
l
pa
s
s
ive
c
omponents
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
L
ow
-
fr
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
tes
t
de
v
ice
of
e
lec
tr
e
t
c
on
de
ns
e
r
mic
r
ophon
e
(
E
r
ni
Y
udaningt
y
as
)
1371
F
igur
e
3.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
of
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
mpl
if
ier
ba
s
e
d
c
las
s
-
A
a
mpl
if
ier
F
igur
e
4.
S
ignal
c
ondit
ioner
T
he
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
of
the
p
r
opos
e
d
a
mpl
if
ier
a
r
e
li
s
te
d
in
T
a
ble
2.
is
a
r
e
s
is
tor
that
a
c
ts
a
s
a
buf
f
e
r
be
twe
e
n
the
s
ignal
s
our
c
e
a
nd
the
main
c
ir
c
uit
s
uc
h
that
it
doe
s
not
ove
r
load
the
s
ignal
ge
ne
r
a
tor
,
a
nd
is
a
vol
tage
divi
de
r
that
p
r
ovides
volt
a
ge
a
nd
c
ur
r
e
nt
to
the
ba
s
e
of
1
tr
a
ns
is
tor
,
is
a
r
e
s
is
tor
that
r
e
gulate
s
the
c
ur
r
e
nt
of
Da
r
li
ngton
tr
a
ns
is
tor
s
1
a
nd
2
.
R
E
is
the
r
e
s
is
tor
to
c
ompens
a
te
the
de
via
ti
on
of
Da
r
li
ngton
tr
a
ns
is
tor
s
1
a
nd
2
,
C
E
is
to
c
ompens
a
t
e
f
or
the
s
ine
wa
ve
s
ignal
a
nd
the
2
is
the
r
e
s
is
tor
to
c
ompens
a
te
be
twe
e
n
th
e
louds
pe
a
ke
r
a
nd
a
mpl
if
ier
.
T
a
ble
2.
T
he
pa
r
a
mete
r
of
pr
opos
e
d
a
mpl
i
f
ier
P
a
r
a
me
te
r
s
V
a
lu
e
1
100 Ω
10 K
Ω
1 K
Ω
8 Ω
24 Ω
2
14 Ω
1
2N
3035
2
2N
3055
3.3 µF
T
o
de
ter
mi
ne
the
vol
tage
of
a
mpl
if
ier
a
f
f
e
c
ti
ng
t
he
f
or
c
e
o
f
louds
pe
a
ke
r
,
the
f
or
c
e
o
f
mot
o
r
us
ing
Ohm's
law
r
e
lating
to
a
L
or
e
ntz
a
c
tuator
c
a
n
be
c
a
lcula
ted.
T
he
mot
or
volt
a
ge
mus
t
be
r
e
plac
e
d
by
a
s
hor
t
c
ir
c
uit
to
de
te
r
mi
ne
the
im
pe
da
nc
e
of
a
volt
a
ge
s
our
c
e
[
25
]
.
T
he
f
o
r
c
e
of
louds
pe
a
ke
r
whi
c
h
a
f
f
e
c
ti
ng
the
a
mpl
if
ier
volt
a
ge
c
a
n
be
de
s
c
r
ibed
by
=
=
[
]
(
5)
whe
r
e
is
the
f
lux
de
ns
it
y
o
f
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
ma
gne
ti
c
f
ield
a
r
ound
the
c
oil
in
T
e
s
la
[
].
is
the
le
ngth
of
the
voice
c
oil
ins
ide
the
magne
ti
c
f
ield.
T
o
de
te
r
mi
ne
the
dyna
mi
c
r
e
s
pons
e
,
of
the
c
one
dis
plac
e
ment
whic
h
r
e
late
d
to
mas
s
to
dr
ive
the
f
or
c
e
of
e
xc
it
a
t
ion
c
a
n
be
de
s
c
r
ibed
by
,
(
)
=
=
−
2
0
2
+
2
0
+
1
(
6)
w
he
r
e
=
2
,
ζ
is
da
mpi
ng
r
a
ti
o,
is
c
ompl
ianc
e
a
nd
the
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
mec
ha
nica
l
pa
r
t
0
is
c
a
lcula
ted
by:
=
2
√
,
=
1
a
nd
0
=
√
.
T
he
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
the
mec
ha
nica
l
pa
r
t
is
c
a
ll
e
d
"
e
igenf
r
e
que
nc
y"
[
11]
a
nd
de
notes
a
s
0
.
T
he
0
is
e
qua
l
to
0
/
2
c
a
ll
e
d
by
f
unda
menta
l
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y.
Ar
ound
it
s
the
f
unda
menta
l
f
r
e
que
nc
y,
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
a
c
tuator
is
matc
he
d
with
the
f
or
c
e
due
to
the
dis
plac
e
ment
of
the
c
one
a
ga
ins
t
the
s
ti
f
f
ne
s
s
of
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
s
us
pe
ns
ion.
I
n
thi
s
s
tudy,
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y
0
is
193
Hz
,
but
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
is
ope
r
a
ted
a
t
a
lowe
r
f
r
e
que
nc
y
i
n
the
r
a
nge
of
0
.
5
-
10
Hz
by
de
s
igni
ng
a
s
pe
c
ial
a
mpl
if
ier
that
is
a
ble
to
ope
r
a
te
a
t
a
ve
r
y
low
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
uc
h
that
c
a
n
dr
ive
the
mot
o
r
f
or
c
e
of
loud
s
pe
a
ke
r
.
T
he
c
ompl
e
te
de
s
c
r
ipt
ion
o
f
the
e
xpe
r
im
e
ntal
s
e
tup
of
the
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
mpl
i
f
ier
is
late
r
dis
c
us
s
e
d
in
the
f
oll
owing
s
e
c
ti
on.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
13
68
-
13
75
1372
2.
3
.
E
xp
e
r
im
e
n
t
al
s
e
t
u
p
T
his
s
tudy
pr
opos
e
s
a
ne
w
tes
t
de
vice
f
or
tes
ti
ng
a
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
of
the
E
C
M
that
ope
r
a
tes
in
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
a
r
ter
ial
puls
e
r
e
gion
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
,
tes
t
de
vice
s
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
f
or
mec
ha
nica
l
puls
e
e
mul
a
tor
the
s
a
me
a
s
the
a
r
ter
ial
puls
e
.
T
o
de
s
ign
the
tes
t
d
e
vice
,
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
c
onduc
t
a
n
e
xpe
r
im
e
nt
by
m
e
a
s
ur
ing
the
im
pe
da
nc
e
a
nd
ga
in
of
louds
pe
a
ke
r
us
ing
a
B
ode
-
100
type
ve
c
tor
ne
twor
k
a
na
lyze
r
(
VN
A)
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
e
xpe
r
im
e
nt,
it
c
a
n
be
obvious
ly
s
e
e
n
th
a
t
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
im
pe
da
nc
e
r
a
te
in
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
a
nge
0.
5
-
10
Hz
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion,
the
ga
in
of
the
loud
s
pe
a
ke
r
is
a
ls
o
mea
s
ur
e
d
us
ing
thi
s
VN
A
in
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
a
ng
e
0.
5
-
10
Hz
.
T
o
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
ize
the
C
las
s
A
a
mpl
if
ier
,
the
output
volt
a
ge
on
the
a
mpl
if
ie
r
is
c
ondit
ioned
c
ons
tant
e
ve
n
though
the
input
f
r
e
que
nc
y
is
va
r
ied
in
the
r
a
nge
of
0
.
5
-
10
Hz
.
T
his
output
volt
a
ge
is
then
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nted
by
dis
plac
e
ment
of
the
diaphr
a
gm
of
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
.
T
his
dis
plac
e
ment
is
then
c
ondit
ioned
a
t
a
de
s
ir
e
d
c
ons
tant
va
lue
by
va
r
ying
the
input
volt
a
ge
of
the
s
ignal
ge
ne
r
a
tor
.
I
n
or
de
r
to
ve
r
i
f
y
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
of
the
p
r
opos
e
d
tes
t
de
vice
,
a
nove
l
c
las
s
A
powe
r
a
mpl
i
f
ier
de
s
ign
a
nd
a
low
-
f
r
e
q
ue
nc
y
louds
pe
a
ke
r
a
r
e
ve
r
if
ied
in
F
igur
e
5
.
T
he
tes
t
be
nc
hmar
k
c
ons
is
ts
of
s
e
ve
r
a
l
c
omponents
i.
e
:
s
ignal
ge
ne
r
a
tor
,
digi
tal
s
tor
a
ge
os
c
il
los
c
ope
,
powe
r
s
upply,
C
las
s
A
a
mpl
if
ier
a
n
d
louds
pe
a
ke
r
.
E
a
c
h
of
thos
e
c
omponents
ha
s
it
s
f
unc
ti
on.
T
he
s
ignal
ge
ne
r
a
tor
pr
oduc
e
s
the
s
ine
wa
ve
.
T
he
C
las
s
A
a
mpl
if
ier
is
s
uppli
e
d
by
the
powe
r
s
upply,
t
he
louds
pe
a
ke
r
ge
ne
r
a
tes
the
mec
ha
nic
a
l
vibr
a
ti
on
dr
iven
f
r
om
the
C
las
s
A
a
mpl
if
ier
.
T
o
mea
s
ur
e
the
a
mpl
it
ude
r
e
s
pons
e
,
dig
it
a
l
s
tor
a
ge
os
c
il
los
c
ope
(
DSO)
is
c
onne
c
ted
to
the
ter
mi
na
l
a
nd
of
C
las
s
A
a
mpl
if
ier
.
T
he
e
xpe
r
im
e
ntal
s
e
tup
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
a
r
e
li
s
ted
in
T
a
ble
3
.
T
he
e
xpe
r
im
e
ntal
s
e
tup
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
s
ys
tem
is
c
lea
r
ly
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
5
,
while
the
de
tailed
tes
t
de
vice
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
6
.
T
he
E
C
M
s
tand
is
t
he
E
C
M
holder
a
im
ing
to
s
uppor
t
a
nd
maintain
t
he
E
C
M
pos
it
ion.
E
C
M
is
the
f
oc
us
of
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
whic
h
is
the
main
objec
ti
ve
in
thi
s
s
tudy.
S
o
f
t
s
il
icon
r
ubbe
r
i
s
uti
li
z
e
d
to
a
djus
t
mec
ha
nica
l
c
oupli
ng
be
twe
e
n
the
louds
p
e
a
ke
r
a
nd
E
C
M
diaphr
a
gms
.
T
he
de
s
c
r
ipt
ion
o
f
t
he
E
C
M
s
ys
tem
a
s
a
n
a
r
ter
ial
puls
e
s
e
ns
or
is
e
xplaine
d
in
de
tail
in
[
3]
.
I
n
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
the
main
topi
c
is
th
e
de
s
ign
of
a
tes
t
de
vice
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
a
mec
ha
nica
l
s
ignal
s
uc
h
a
s
human
puls
e
a
r
ter
ial
s
ignals
whic
h
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
is
c
ondit
ioned
in
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
a
nge
0.
5
-
10
Hz
with
a
dis
plac
e
ment
of
0
-
1.
5
.
T
a
ble
3.
T
he
pa
r
a
mete
r
of
e
xpe
r
im
e
ntal
s
e
tup
P
a
r
a
me
te
r
s
S
pe
c
if
ic
a
ti
on
P
ow
e
r
S
uppl
y
20 V
D
C
F
unc
ti
on ge
ne
r
a
to
r
K
M
O
O
N
, D
ua
l
-
c
ha
nn
e
l
D
D
S
s
ig
na
l
G
e
ne
r
a
to
r
D
S
O
H
a
nt
e
k
M
S
O
5074F
, 4 c
ha
nne
l
D
S
O
, 70
M
H
z
F
igur
e
5.
T
he
photogr
a
ph
o
f
the
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
tes
t
de
vice
of
the
E
C
M
F
igur
e
6.
T
he
c
onf
igur
a
ti
on
of
louds
pe
a
ke
r
a
nd
E
C
M
3.
RE
S
UL
T
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
F
igur
e
7
de
picts
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
im
pe
da
nc
e
mea
s
ur
e
ment
us
ing
VN
A
type
B
ode
100
f
r
o
m
Omicr
on
L
a
b.
I
n
thi
s
im
pe
da
nc
e
mea
s
ur
e
ment,
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
is
s
tationar
y
a
nd
ther
e
is
no
objec
t
hit
c
hin
g
on
thi
s
louds
pe
a
ke
r
.
T
he
n,
the
VN
A
is
s
e
t
to
kick
the
lo
uds
pe
a
ke
r
in
the
r
a
nge
0.
5
-
10
Hz
.
T
he
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
po
ns
e
of
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
is
mea
s
ur
e
d
by
VN
A
a
nd
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
8
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
mea
s
ur
e
ment,
the
lou
ds
pe
a
ke
r
ha
s
the
im
pe
da
nc
e
a
t
a
bout
7.
09
Ω
.
F
igur
e
8
s
hows
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
ga
in
in
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
a
nge
of
1
-
10
Hz
.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
louds
pe
a
ke
r
ga
in
tends
to
be
c
ons
tant
a
t
a
bout
0.
2477
in
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
a
nge
of
3
-
10
Hz
.
I
n
f
utu
r
e
,
it
c
a
n
be
int
e
r
pr
e
ted
in
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
a
nge
of
310
Hz
that
th
is
louds
pe
a
ke
r
ha
s
a
ga
in
of
0.
2477
dB
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
L
ow
-
fr
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
tes
t
de
v
ice
of
e
lec
tr
e
t
c
on
de
ns
e
r
mic
r
ophon
e
(
E
r
ni
Y
udaningt
y
as
)
1373
F
igur
e
7.
T
he
louds
pe
a
ke
r
im
pe
da
nc
e
mea
s
ur
e
ment
us
ing
VN
A
F
igur
e
8.
T
he
louds
pe
a
ke
r
ga
in
mea
s
ur
e
ment
us
ing
VN
A
T
he
volt
a
ge
r
a
ti
o
be
twe
e
n
the
volt
a
ge
s
ignal
ge
ne
r
a
tor
whic
h
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
a
s
a
nd
the
a
mpl
it
ude
volt
a
ge
a
t
louds
pe
a
ke
r
whic
h
de
noted
a
s
in
e
ve
r
y
0.
5
Hz
s
a
mpl
ing
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
9
.
I
t
c
a
n
be
c
le
a
r
ly
s
e
e
n
that
the
r
a
ti
o
of
the
tes
t
de
vice
s
ys
tem
tends
t
o
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
whe
n
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
is
ge
tt
ing
higher
.
I
t
im
pli
e
s
that
the
tes
t
de
vice
s
ys
tem
will
r
e
quir
e
lar
ge
r
if
th
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
is
r
a
is
e
d.
F
igu
r
e
9
s
hows
that
the
f
r
e
q
ue
n
c
y
r
e
s
pons
e
va
lue
is
not
f
ixed
.
T
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
s
ignal
c
ond
it
ioner
s
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
4
a
r
e
a
dde
d
a
s
s
hown
i
n
F
igu
r
e
10
indi
c
a
ti
ng
the
input
vol
tage
f
r
om
a
s
ignal
ge
n
e
r
a
tor
in
e
ve
r
y
0
.
5
Hz
.
F
igu
r
e
11
s
hows
the
f
r
e
qu
e
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
a
f
ter
s
i
g
na
l
c
o
nd
it
io
ne
r
s
f
r
om
F
i
gu
r
e
1
0
a
r
e
a
d
de
d
.
C
ons
e
q
ue
n
t
ly
,
t
he
d
iap
h
r
a
gm
d
is
p
lac
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
the
t
e
s
t
de
vi
c
e
is
s
ta
ti
ona
r
y
a
t
th
e
r
a
n
ge
3
.
36
t
o
3
.
46
a
t
th
e
f
r
e
q
ue
n
c
y
r
a
nge
of
0
.
5
-
10
Hz
a
s
de
pi
c
te
d
b
y
F
igu
r
e
11
.
I
t
c
a
n
be
c
lea
r
ly
s
e
e
n
t
ha
t
t
he
lo
uds
pe
a
ke
r
is
o
pe
r
a
ted
a
t
low
f
r
e
qu
e
n
c
ie
s
a
n
d
c
a
n
b
e
us
e
d
a
s
a
t
e
s
t
de
vi
c
e
.
F
igur
e
9.
T
he
volt
a
ge
r
a
ti
o
be
twe
e
n
the
volt
a
ge
s
ignal
ge
ne
r
a
tor
whic
h
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
a
s
a
nd
the
a
mpl
it
ude
volt
a
ge
a
t
s
pe
a
ke
r
whic
h
de
noted
a
s
in
e
ve
r
y
0.
5
Hz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
13
68
-
13
75
1374
F
igur
e
10.
T
he
volt
a
ge
of
the
s
ignal
ge
ne
r
a
to
r
whi
c
h
de
notes
a
s
V_in
in
e
ve
r
y
0
.
5
F
igur
e
11.
T
he
diaphr
a
gm
d
is
plac
e
ment
of
the
lou
ds
pe
a
ke
r
in
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
T
he
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
tes
t
de
vice
s
of
E
C
M
ha
s
be
e
n
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ull
y
im
pleme
nted.
T
he
tes
t
de
vice
ha
s
be
e
n
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ull
y
ve
r
if
ied
with
c
ons
tant
dis
plac
e
ment
.
S
o
the
pr
opos
e
d
tes
t
de
vice
is
a
ble
to
us
e
d
a
s
a
low
-
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
tes
t
de
vice
.
AC
KNOWL
E
DGE
M
E
NT
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pr
ojec
t
wa
s
s
uppor
ted
by
the
D
e
p
a
r
tm
e
nt
of
E
lec
tr
ica
l
E
ng
inee
r
ing
Unive
r
s
it
y
of
B
r
a
wijaya
.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
O
t
t
o
y
,
e
t
al
.
,
“
A
l
o
w
-
p
o
w
er
ME
MS
m
i
cro
p
h
o
n
e
ar
ra
y
fo
r
w
i
re
l
es
s
aco
u
s
t
i
c
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
”
2
0
1
6
IE
E
E
S
en
s
o
r
s
A
p
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
S
ym
p
o
s
i
u
m
(
S
A
S
)
,
IE
E
E
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
Y
u
d
an
i
n
g
t
y
as
E
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
Id
e
n
t
i
fi
ca
t
i
o
n
o
f
Pu
l
s
e
Freq
u
en
cy
Sp
ec
t
ru
m
o
f
C
h
ro
n
i
c
K
i
d
n
e
y
D
i
s
ea
s
e
Pa
t
i
e
n
t
s
Meas
u
red
at
T
CM
Po
i
n
t
s
U
s
i
n
g
FFT
Pro
ce
s
s
i
n
g
,”
P
r
o
ceed
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
1
5
t
h
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
i
n
R
e
s
ea
r
c
h
(Q
i
R
):
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
y
m
p
o
s
i
u
m
o
n
E
l
ec
t
r
i
ca
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
t
er
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
IE
E
E
,
p
p
.
1
6
9
–
1
7
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
Y
u
d
an
i
n
g
t
y
as
,
E
.
,
et
al
.
.
“
E
l
ec
t
ret
c
o
n
d
en
s
er
mi
cro
p
h
o
n
e
as
a
t
rad
i
t
i
o
n
al
C
h
i
n
es
e
med
i
ci
n
e
art
er
i
al
p
u
l
s
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
,”
In
M
A
T
E
C
W
e
b
o
f
C
o
n
f
er
e
n
ces
, v
o
l
.
1
9
7
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
2
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
Y
u
d
an
i
n
g
t
y
as
,
E
.
,
D
j
u
r
i
at
n
o
,
W
.
,
an
d
Y
u
w
o
n
o
,
R.
“
Pu
l
s
e
freq
u
en
c
y
s
p
ec
t
ru
m
o
f
s
u
b
j
ect
s
w
h
o
s
e
n
o
r
m
al
el
ect
r
o
card
i
o
g
ram
(E
CG
)
t
es
t
,
”
A
R
P
N
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
S
c
i
en
ce
s
.
A
s
i
a
n
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
P
u
b
l
i
s
h
i
n
g
Net
wo
r
k
(A
R
P
N)
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
16
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
D
u
t
t
,
D
.
N
.
,
a
n
d
Sh
r
u
t
h
i
,
S.
,
“
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
p
r
o
ces
s
i
n
g
o
f
E
CG
an
d
PPG
s
i
g
n
al
s
fo
r
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
ar
t
er
i
al
p
aramet
er
s
fo
r
card
i
o
v
a
s
cu
l
ar
ri
s
k
a
s
s
e
s
s
me
n
t
,”
I
n
2
0
1
5
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
o
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
S
i
g
n
a
l
P
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
(ICCS
P
),
IE
E
E
,
p
p
.
1
5
0
6
-
1
5
1
0
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
Y
an
g
,
C.
L
.
,
Ch
an
g
,
T
.
C.
,
an
d
Ch
en
,
Y
.
Y
.
,
“
Mi
cr
o
w
a
v
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
f
o
r
T
ra
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
h
i
n
es
e
Me
d
i
c
i
n
e
p
u
l
s
e
d
i
a
g
n
o
s
i
s
,
”
In
2
0
1
7
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
W
o
r
ks
h
o
p
o
n
E
l
ec
t
r
o
m
a
g
n
et
i
cs
:
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
S
t
u
d
en
t
In
n
o
va
t
i
o
n
Co
m
p
et
i
t
i
o
n
,
IE
E
E
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
-
1
1
5
,
May
2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
L
ow
-
fr
e
que
nc
y
r
e
s
pons
e
tes
t
de
v
ice
of
e
lec
tr
e
t
c
on
de
ns
e
r
mic
r
ophon
e
(
E
r
ni
Y
udaningt
y
as
)
1375
[7
]
Z
h
an
g
,
A
.
,
Y
an
g
,
L
.
,
an
d
D
an
g
,
H
.
,
“
D
et
ec
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
t
y
p
i
ca
l
p
u
l
s
e
co
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
o
n
Cu
n
-
G
u
a
n
-
Ch
i
b
a
s
ed
o
n
i
m
ag
e
s
en
s
o
r,
”
S
e
n
s
o
r
s
&
Tr
a
n
s
d
u
ce
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
J
en
g
,
Y
.
N
.
,
Y
an
g
,
T
.
M.
,
an
d
L
ee,
S.
Y
.
“
Res
p
o
n
s
e
i
d
en
t
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
e
x
t
reme
l
y
l
o
w
fre
q
u
e
n
cy
re
g
i
o
n
o
f
a
n
el
ect
re
t
co
n
d
en
s
er
mi
cr
o
p
h
o
n
e,
”
S
en
s
o
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
11
,
n
o
.
1
,
pp.
6
2
3
-
6
3
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[9
]
Ch
en
,
Y
.
Y
.
,
an
d
Ch
a
n
g
,
R.
S.
,
“
A
s
t
u
d
y
o
f
n
e
w
p
u
l
s
e
a
u
s
c
u
l
t
at
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
em,
”
S
e
n
s
o
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
15
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
8
7
1
2
-
8
7
3
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
0
]
N
o
mu
ra,
S.
,
et
al
.
,
“
Id
en
t
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
o
f
h
u
ma
n
p
u
l
s
e
w
av
ef
o
rm
b
y
s
i
l
i
c
o
n
mi
cr
o
p
h
o
n
e
ch
i
p
,”
2
0
1
1
IE
E
E
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
S
ys
t
em
s
,
M
a
n
,
a
n
d
Cyb
er
n
et
i
cs
,
IE
E
E
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
5
-
1
1
5
0
,
O
c
t
o
b
er
2
0
1
1
.
[1
1
]
N
o
mu
ra,
S.
,
H
an
as
ak
a,
Y
.
,
an
d
O
g
a
w
a,
H
.
,
“Mu
l
t
i
p
l
e
P
u
l
s
e
W
av
e
Mea
s
u
reme
n
t
T
o
w
ar
d
E
s
t
i
mat
i
n
g
Co
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
O
f
H
u
ma
n
A
rt
er
i
es
,
”
IA
D
I
S
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
n
W
W
W
/
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
,
v
o
l
.
11
,
n
o
.
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
2
]
J
en
g
,
Y
.
N
.
,
Y
an
g
,
T
.
M.
,
an
d
L
ee,
S.
Y
.
,
“
Res
p
o
n
s
e
i
d
en
t
i
f
i
cat
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
ex
t
remel
y
l
o
w
fre
q
u
e
n
cy
reg
i
o
n
o
f
an
el
ect
re
t
co
n
d
en
s
er
mi
cr
o
p
h
o
n
e
,”
S
en
s
o
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
11
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
2
3
-
6
3
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
3
]
L
u
e,
J
.
H
.
,
et
al
.
,
“
Si
mp
l
e
t
w
o
-
ch
a
n
n
e
l
s
o
u
n
d
d
et
e
ct
o
r
s
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
t
o
p
u
l
s
e
meas
u
reme
n
t
,
”
Li
f
e
S
ci
e
n
ce
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
11
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
2
1
-
4
2
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
Y
ao
,
L
.
,
et
al
.
,
“
A
t
o
p
i
c
mo
d
el
i
n
g
a
p
p
r
o
ach
fo
r
t
ra
d
i
t
i
o
n
al
Ch
i
n
e
s
e
med
i
c
i
n
e
p
re
s
cri
p
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
IE
E
E
Tr
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
Kn
o
wl
e
d
g
e
a
n
d
D
a
t
a
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
30
,
n
o
.
6,
pp.
1
0
0
7
-
1
0
2
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
W
an
g
,
D
.
,
Z
h
an
g
,
D
.
,
an
d
L
u
,
G
.
,
“
A
n
o
p
t
i
ma
l
p
u
l
s
e
s
y
s
t
em
d
es
i
g
n
b
y
mu
l
t
i
c
h
an
n
el
s
en
s
o
r
s
fu
s
i
o
n
,
”
I
E
E
E
j
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
b
i
o
m
ed
i
ca
l
a
n
d
h
e
a
l
t
h
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
cs
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
5
0
-
4
5
9
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
W
an
g
,
H
.
,
et
al
.
,
“
Sh
ap
e
-
p
res
er
v
i
n
g
p
re
p
ro
ce
s
s
i
n
g
fo
r
h
u
ma
n
p
u
l
s
e
s
i
g
n
al
s
b
as
e
d
o
n
ad
a
p
t
i
v
e
p
aram
et
er
d
et
erm
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
IE
E
E
t
r
a
n
s
a
ct
i
o
n
s
o
n
b
i
o
m
ed
i
ca
l
ci
r
cu
i
t
s
a
n
d
s
y
s
t
em
s
,
vol.
8
,
n
o
.
4,
pp.
5
9
4
-
6
0
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
7
]
Y
u
d
an
i
n
g
t
y
as
,
E
.
,
“
N
o
n
l
i
n
ear
i
t
y
co
mp
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
l
o
w
-
fre
q
u
e
n
cy
l
o
u
d
s
p
eak
er
re
s
p
o
n
s
e
u
s
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
rn
al
mo
d
e
l
co
n
t
ro
l
l
er,
”
T
E
LKO
M
NIKA
Te
l
eco
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
Co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
E
l
ec
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
Co
n
t
r
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
17
,
n
o
.
2,
pp.
9
4
6
-
9
5
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
8
]
Brei
t
b
an
d
-
Sy
s
t
eme
/
Fu
l
l
ra
n
g
e
Sy
s
t
em
s
,
SC
5
.
9
-
8
O
h
m,
A
rt
.
N
o
.
8
0
0
6
,
V
IS
A
T
O
N
.
[1
9
]
Sel
f,
D
.
“
A
u
d
i
o
p
o
w
er
amp
l
i
f
i
er
d
es
i
g
n
h
a
n
d
b
o
o
k
,
”
R
o
u
t
l
e
d
g
e
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
0
]
M.
H
o
ri
b
e,
“
Perfo
rman
ce
co
mp
ari
s
o
n
s
b
e
t
w
e
en
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
an
a
l
y
zer
s
an
d
v
ec
t
o
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
an
al
y
zer
s
fo
r
i
m
p
ed
a
n
c
e
meas
u
reme
n
t
b
e
l
o
w
1
0
0
MH
z
freq
u
en
c
y
,
”
2
0
1
7
8
9
t
h
A
R
F
T
G
M
i
c
r
o
w
a
ve
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
(A
R
F
T
G
)
,
H
o
n
o
l
o
l
u
,
H
I,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
1
]
W
.
L
i
,
et
al
.
,
“
O
p
t
i
cal
V
ec
t
o
r
N
e
t
w
o
rk
A
n
al
y
zer
Bas
ed
o
n
Si
n
g
l
e
-
Si
d
eb
a
n
d
Mo
d
u
l
at
i
o
n
an
d
Seg
m
en
t
a
l
Meas
u
reme
n
t
,
”
i
n
IE
E
E
P
h
o
t
o
n
i
c
s
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
A
p
ri
l
2
0
1
4
.
[2
2
]
M.
Pel
t
o
k
an
g
as
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
Mo
n
i
t
o
ri
n
g
A
r
t
eri
a
l
Pu
l
s
e
W
av
es
w
i
t
h
Sy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
Bo
d
y
Sen
s
o
r
N
et
w
o
r
k
,
”
in
I
E
E
E
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
B
i
o
m
ed
i
ca
l
a
n
d
H
e
a
l
t
h
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
cs
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
7
8
1
-
1
7
8
7
,
N
o
v
2
0
1
4
.
[2
3
]
L
.
W
an
g
a
n
d
D
.
W
e
n
.
“
Res
earc
h
o
n
N
o
n
-
I
n
v
a
s
i
v
e
A
rt
er
i
al
P
u
l
s
e
Sen
s
o
r
a
n
d
D
e
t
ect
i
n
g
Sy
s
t
em
,”
2
0
0
9
2
n
d
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
B
i
o
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
a
n
d
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
c
s
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
O
ct
2
0
0
9
.
[2
4
]
G
.
Pi
l
l
o
n
n
e
t
,
et
a
l
.
,
“
A
h
i
g
h
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
a
u
d
i
o
a
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
r
u
s
i
n
g
s
l
i
d
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
”
2
0
0
8
Jo
i
n
t
6
t
h
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
IE
E
E
No
r
t
h
e
a
s
t
W
o
r
ks
h
o
p
o
n
Ci
r
c
u
i
t
s
a
n
d
S
ys
t
e
m
s
a
n
d
TA
IS
A
Co
n
f
er
en
ce
,
Mo
n
t
real
,
Q
C,
2
0
0
8
,
p
p
.
3
0
5
-
3
0
9
,
2
0
19
.
[2
5
]
Sch
mi
d
t
,
“
L
o
w
Freq
u
en
c
y
So
u
n
d
G
en
era
t
i
o
n
b
y
L
o
u
d
s
p
ea
k
er
D
r
i
v
er
s
,
”
w
w
w
.
rm
s
aco
u
s
t
i
c
s
.
n
l
,
E
d
.
P
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
d
b
y
R
M
S
A
co
u
s
t
i
c
s
&
M
ech
a
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
t
h
e
Net
h
e
r
l
a
n
d
s
,
2
0
1
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.