TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol.14, No
.4, Dece
mbe
r
2016, pp. 13
29~133
7
ISSN: 1693-6
930,
accredited
A
by DIKTI, De
cree No: 58/DIK
T
I/Kep/2013
DOI
:
10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v14i4.4184
1329
Re
cei
v
ed
Jun
e
16, 2016; Revi
sed Septe
m
ber
9, 2016
; Accepte
d
Septem
ber 24,
2016
Implementation of Innovative Technologies in the
Fields o
f
Electronic Locks
Štefan Koprda
1
, Martin Magdin*
2
Dep
a
rtment of Comp
uter Scie
nce,
Facult
y
of Natura
l Scienc
es,
Consta
ntin
e the Phil
osop
her
Univers
i
t
y
i
n
Ni
tra,
T
r
. A. Hlinku 1, 949 0
1
Nit
ra, Slovaki
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: skoprda
@ukf
.sk
1
, mmagdin
@
ukf.sk
2
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Almost every
i
n
stitution c
u
rre
ntly
uses
atten
danc
e syste
m
that ens
ures
mainta
ini
ng c
ont
rol ov
er
the attend
anc
e
of emp
l
oy
ees, students
a
nd o
t
her perso
ns. By using
attend
a
n
ce syste
m
w
e
can provi
de th
e
right to enter c
e
rtain ro
o
m
s fo
r only d
e
sig
nat
ed pe
op
le
. On the basis
of reports from atte
nda
nce syste
m
w
e
can
eval
uate
a
month
l
y atte
n
danc
e of
e
m
p
l
oyees
an
d th
e
by that
deter
mi
ne th
eir r
eal
move
me
nt w
i
thin
the
institutio
n. Tod
a
y is
this syst
em the
us
ual
standar
d i
n
ev
ery
me
diu
m
a
nd
larg
e i
n
stit
ution, for
ex
a
m
p
l
e
busi
nesses, sc
hoo
ls, univ
e
rsi
t
ies and
many
others. T
he p
r
ice for such a
system, how
e
v
er, is often too
hig
h
. T
herefor
e co
mp
ani
es o
p
t also for oth
e
r altern
at
ives.
Our task w
a
s
to create a w
o
rking pr
ototype
of
such a system
.
Such a system
m
u
st dis
pos
e at least with
function for indicating th
e arriv
a
l and departur
e
of
empl
oyees to b
e
abl
e to deter
mi
ne the ti
me of stay in
the w
o
rkpl
ace. F
o
r this pur
pos
e w
e
used the
platf
o
r
m
of microc
ontrol
l
e
r Ard
u
in
o w
i
th
a s
e
vera
l
basi
c
sens
or
s a
n
d
softw
are Ardui
no IDE. In
this
pap
er w
e
pres
ent
the achi
eve
d
results in ter
m
s
of apply
i
n
g
different access c
a
rds.
Ke
y
w
ords
: Ardui
no, RF
ID, RF
ID reader, ele
c
tronic lock
Copy
right
©
2016 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
RFID-ba
s
e
d
monitori
ng an
d
tra
c
king sy
stem
i
s
a
co
mplex, integ
r
ated
system
that offers
an effective solution of ma
nagin
g
items esp
e
ci
ally
for large scale
environ
ment [1]. It combin
es
the RFID te
chn
o
logy an
d se
cu
rity device
s
to
en
sure the ite
m
s a
r
e al
wa
ys monito
red
an
d
se
cured
rem
o
tely. The sy
stem e
nable
s
the organi
za
t
i
on to tra
c
k a
nd mo
nitor
se
lected i
ndivid
ual
to access lo
cations in
sid
e
the university, permi
t movement, re
cord the data of arrival/d
epa
rture
and al
so en
a
b
le the viewin
g of record vi
a this syste
m
[2].
Radi
o Fre
q
u
ency Identification (RFID) has
b
een a
n
emerging t
e
ch
nolo
g
y in recent
years. In
the
recent fe
w ye
ars the
r
e
hav
e be
en
a
lot
of advan
cem
ents i
n
the
fie
l
d of
RFID. T
h
e
given RFI
D
system co
nsi
s
t
s
of two fu
nd
amental
com
pone
nts: tag
s
and read
ers. The reade
r a
n
d
the tag co
m
m
unicate via
the tran
smi
s
sion of ele
c
tro
m
agneti
c
wa
ves. A read
er is wh
at the
use
r
interfaces
wit
h
to transmit informatio
n to and fr
om the
tag, and ten
d
s to be mu
ch large
r
than
the
tag [3].
RFID tag is
kno
w
n a
s
a
proximity integrat
ed
circuit
card [4] an
d it can be
powere
d
actively or pa
ssively.
RFID tags
are al
so
kn
own a
s
tra
n
sp
ond
er
an
d on
e tra
n
sp
onde
r
con
s
i
s
t of
antenn
a, microchi
p an
d bat
tery (for
activ
e
tag
only
)
. T
he si
ze
of the
chip
gen
erall
y
depen
ds
on
the anten
na
size. Anten
na
size an
d form
is d
epe
nde
nt on the f
r
eq
u
ency that i
s
u
s
ed
by the ta
g.
Active
tag co
ntains on bo
ard po
wer
source wh
ere
passive ta
g
s
a
r
e in
du
ctively powe
r
e
d
via
Radi
o sig
nal
that is gene
rated by RFID read
er.
Active tag can
wo
rk in a
b
sen
c
e of read
er a
n
d
records th
e sensor
rea
d
ing
s
or
pe
rform
s
their ca
lculat
ion. Passive tags
ca
n ope
rate in presen
ce
of reade
r only
[5].
Whe
n
the
chi
p
was n
earby to the
ma
gn
etic
field
tra
n
s
mitted
by th
e external
an
tenna
of
the rea
d
e
r
, the chip was
able to d
r
a
w
enoug
h en
e
r
gy from the
electroma
g
n
e
tic field for
the
power
su
pply
of its
own e
l
ectro
n
ic
s. In
the mo
ment
the
chip
wa
s
con
n
e
c
ted,
it wa
s a
b
le
to
modulate the
magnetic fiel
d whi
c
h wa
s
captu
r
ed by
the rea
der. Th
is way it was
possibl
e for the
c
h
ips
to trans
fer data to
the
rea
d
e
r
. Many types
of chip
s exist which may
work o
n
various
freque
nci
e
s [
6
].
In addition
to
the micro
c
hip
,
some
tag
s
contain
re
writa
b
le mem
o
ry
whi
c
h
size
ca
n vari
e
according to
the appli
c
ati
on re
quireme
nt. The pu
rp
ose
of micro
c
hip i
s
to st
ore the
Uni
q
ue
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 4, Dece
mb
er 201
6 : 1329 – 133
7
1330
Identification
(ID) of e
a
ch
obje
c
t. This ID a
c
ts
a
s
a
seri
al n
u
mbe
r
sto
r
e
d
in th
e RFI
D
m
e
m
o
ry.
The ra
nge
o
f
RFID tag
s
depen
ds
o
n
their fre
q
u
ency. The
s
e
freque
ncy range
s a
r
e L
o
w
Freq
uen
cy (3
0-50
0 KHz),
High F
r
eq
uen
cy (10
-
15M
Hz) a
nd Ultra High F
r
eq
uen
cy (2.4- 2.5
G
Hz).
Other p
e
rfo
r
mance attribu
t
es and
resi
st
ance to inte
rferen
ce i
s
det
ermin
ed by this frequ
en
cy [7].
Curre
n
tly have beg
un to
o
c
cur
simila
r
solutio
n
s
wo
rldwid
e. The
r
efore i
s
th
e trend
to
leverag
e
the maximum fro
m
the minimum. That means, we kno
w
that a minimum of hard
w
a
r
e
and e
c
on
omi
c
req
u
iremen
ts achi
eve the same effi
ci
ency of sol
u
tions a
s
in the
case of rob
u
s
t
s
o
lutions
from large
c
o
mpanies
.
A typical exa
m
ple i
s
the S
t
aff Control
Syst
em (S
CS)
in Kazakhsta
n
that was propo
se
d
by Sapa
rkhoj
ayev and
Kurymbayev
i
n
20
15. Thi
s
syste
m
is
alrea
d
y u
s
ed
su
cce
ssfully
in
pra
c
tice
two
years at the
State Kaza
kh
stan
Un
ive
r
sity. The
s
e
authors [2] i
ndicate that
the
acce
ss tag
ca
n be rea
d
up
to 10 centime
t
res fro
m
the RFID read
er.
RFID Read
er is also
kno
w
n as a Proxi
m
it
y Coupling
device (P
CD) and it rea
d
s the data
throug
h the tag anten
na at a certain fre
q
uen
cy [4].
In
ca
se of pa
ssi
ve tag the rea
der ge
ne
rate
s a
radio
sig
nal
so that the pa
ssive tag
can
energize
an
d
transmit the signal that
can
be read
by the
read
er. Th
e reade
r tra
n
sl
a
t
es the
recei
v
ed info
rm
ation an
d pa
ssed it to the forwarded
system
throug
h
wire
d or wi
rele
ss com
m
uni
cati
on. A si
ngle
rea
d
e
r
can
read
the
dat
a from
multi
p
le
freque
ncy ba
sed tag
s
[7].
Comp
ared to other autom
atic identifica
t
ion
techn
o
lo
gies, an
d especi
a
lly, com
pare
d
to
optical b
a
rco
de sy
stems,
RFID
-technol
ogy has im
po
rtant advant
a
ges, an
d am
ong of them,
the
most imp
o
rta
n
t one i
s
the followin
g
: tag
data can
be
read a
u
tomati
cally beyon
d
the line of si
g
h
t,
throug
h ce
rtai
n material
s, a
nd from a ran
ge of several meters [8].
In our paper
we
de
scribe
a possibility of des
i
gn and
realization of
similar
system.
But we
focu
s o
n
th
e
fact th
at no
t all
RFID re
aders kn
o
w
how to
evalu
a
te si
gnal
from a
sta
nda
rd
distan
ce
of 10 cm. Th
ere
are diffe
rent t
y
pes that
o
p
e
rate o
n
the
same f
r
eq
ue
ncy, but not
with
t
he same
su
c
c
e
ss.
2. Using Mic
r
ocon
troller Arduino a
s
the Con
t
rol Element
No
wad
a
ys fo
r the autom
ation and
co
ntrol p
r
ocess (whi
ch i
s
a
l
so the atten
dan
ce
system
) are u
s
ed the mo
st comm
only progra
mmabl
e control autom
ats. Their mai
n
advantage
i
s
that they a
r
e
versatile
a
nd
modula
r
. A
c
cordin
g to
La
cko
et al.
[9],
automation
i
s
no
wad
a
ys
o
ne
of the most dynamic field
s
. It uses the m
o
st
advan
ced
microel
ect
r
o
n
ic co
mpo
n
e
n
ts and u
s
e
s
the
most cu
rrent
result
s from
various fiel
ds such
as
comp
uter
sci
ence, electri
c
al engi
nee
ri
ng,
comm
uni
cati
on tech
nolo
g
y
, but also measure
m
ent tech
nolo
g
y an
d se
curity technolo
g
y.
The ba
si
c u
n
it of each
control auto
m
at is
a mi
crocomp
u
ter. I
t
contain
s
in
puts a
n
d
outputs. With
usin
g inputs
and output
s p
r
ocesse
s info
rmation an
d so prop
erly act
s
to the control
system. Thi
s
prope
rty has also a microco
n
tro
lle
r Arduino. Micro
c
ontrolle
r Ard
u
ino is mo
du
lar
control sy
ste
m
and this mi
cro
c
o
n
troll
e
r
can
comm
uni
cate with
oth
e
r devi
c
e
s
of the sam
e
type or
other devi
c
e
s
.
Acco
rdi
ng to
Besson
et al.
[10] these b
o
a
rd
s a
r
e
abl
e
to re
cord
different type
s
of
events
asso
ciated
wi
th electri
c
al [11], optical [1
2] or mechani
cal si
gnal
s [1
3, 14].
Microcontroll
er Arduino
i
s
mo
st often
use
d
pa
rticularly on
the
automatio
n
of small
system
s du
e
to the wide
ra
nge of mo
dul
es (S
hield
s
).
These mo
dul
es
can b
e
ea
sily co
nne
cte
d
to
the motherbo
ard of micro
c
ontrolle
r Ard
u
i
no [15].
Arduin
o
is a
n
open
sou
r
ce
microco
n
troll
e
r t
hat is b
a
sed on a mi
cropro
c
e
s
so
r ATMega
from Atmel.
The
pro
c
e
s
sor i
s
m
o
u
n
ted on
a
motherboa
rd.
Micro
c
ontro
ller Arduin
o
is
prog
ram
m
ed
dire
ctly from
the compute
r
throu
gh th
e
USB interfa
c
e with
out u
s
i
ng a
n
extern
al
prog
ram
m
er.
On the mothe
r
boa
rd of mi
crocontrolle
r A
r
duin
o
it is ru
nning b
ootloa
der. Bootloa
d
er
is re
co
rd
ed p
r
og
ram
copi
e
d
to main m
e
mory a
nd
subsequ
ently it starts
. Boot
loade
r p
r
ovid
es
seri
al commu
nicatio
n
s a
n
d
prog
rammi
n
g
pro
c
e
s
so
r.
Use of bootl
oade
r allo
ws us to avoid
the
use
of an
external
prog
ra
mmer. O
n
th
e mothe
r
b
oard of mi
cro
c
o
n
trolle
r Ardui
no a
r
e
digital
an
d
analo
g
input
s an
d output
s, whi
c
h a
r
e
acce
ssi
ble
via pre
c
isi
o
n
so
ckets. Via
these
pre
c
i
s
ion
so
ckets
we
can
co
nne
ct
variou
s ad
ditional m
odule
s
. On th
e m
o
therb
o
a
r
d o
f
micro
c
o
n
tro
lle
r
Arduin
o
i
s
fo
und th
e
Re
se
t button,
con
necto
r fo
r I
C
SP pro
g
ra
m
m
ing, p
o
we
r
con
n
e
c
tor an
d the
circuit which
mediate
s
communi
catio
n
over
USB. There are
also
software-controlled PWM
outputs to co
ntrol motors.
Microcontroll
er is
c
onn
ect
ed to a com
p
uter via its USB port, but the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Im
plem
entation of Innovative Te
chn
o
log
i
es in t
he Fiel
ds of Electron
ic
Lo
cks (Štef
an Koprda)
1331
prog
ram
m
ing
is don
e via comp
uter
si
mulated
seri
al interfa
c
e. For
conn
ecti
on of additio
n
a
l
module
s
(shi
elds) we
can
use
several I/O pins o
n
the
motherb
oard
.
Figure 1. A compa
r
ison of the different versi
o
n
s
of micro
c
o
n
troll
e
r
Arduin
o
Arduin
o
p
r
ov
ides an
inte
grated
devel
opment
environment (IDE
)
t
hat
i
s
ca
p
able of
runni
ng o
n
al
l major
ope
ra
ting system
s
and h
a
s
su
p
port for
a si
mplified C/
C++
pro
g
ram
m
ing
langu
age. A
r
duin
o
al
so
has a la
rge onlin
e
community that stimulate
s
engag
eme
n
t
in
developm
ent and en
able
s
rapid pr
ototyping and d
ebu
g
g
ing [16].
The
develop
ment envi
r
o
n
ment of
m
i
cro
c
o
n
troll
e
r Ardui
no
(I
DE) i
s
mult
iplatform
appli
c
ation which i
s
pro
g
ra
mmed in Java. This devel
opment envi
r
onment is d
e
s
ign
ed so tha
t
in
it could wo
rk even people
with minima
l of
Java pro
g
rammi
ng kn
owle
dge. Th
e developm
e
n
t
environ
ment
of micro
c
o
n
troller Ard
u
ino
includ
es
a
code edito
r wi
th standa
rd feature
s
such
as
syntax colo
r codi
ng, auto
m
atic
alignm
ent and pairi
ng of bracke
ts. It is able
to compile the
cre
a
ted p
r
og
ram an
d upl
oad it to Arduino with o
n
e
click on a
button. The
prog
ram for the
Arduin
o
we
call sketch.
Arduin
o
pro
g
ram
s
are written in C or
C ++.
The develo
p
m
ent enviro
n
ment of
microcontroll
er Arduino
(I
DE
) contai
ns a
library
of
functions that f
a
cilitates
writing the m
o
st basi
c
hard
w
a
r
e
op
eration
s
. Th
e user
mu
st define t
w
o
basi
c
fun
c
tio
n
s to
create
an exe
c
uta
b
l
e
prog
ram:
setup
():
fun
c
tion that is triggere
d
only once at the be
ginnin
g
of the prog
ram an
d is use
d
to set
para
m
eters
loop():
fun
c
ti
on that i
s
p
e
riodi
cally t
r
iggered, if
th
e micro
c
o
n
troller i
s
co
nn
ected
to a
p
o
we
r
sou
r
c
e
.
3. Design an
d Implementation of Fu
n
c
tional Atten
d
ance Sy
stem
This
pro
p
o
s
e
d
syste
m
is dedi
cated t
o
se
cu
re
acce
ss to th
e
building. In t
he next
developm
ent
pha
se
of th
e sy
stem i
s
possibl
e to
e
x
tend this
system
with th
e sectio
n tha
t
will
inform th
e
user
or admi
n
istrator wh
en
a
nd
who
e
n
tered
o
r
l
e
ft the room (the b
u
ilding
)
. For the
reali
z
ation
of
the auto
m
atic ope
ning
an
d
clo
s
ing
do
ors
and
cre
a
ting attendan
ce
system we use
d
microcontroll
er Arduin
o
M
ega A
D
K, re
ader MF
RC
522,
servo
m
otor
a
nd
UP
S (ba
c
kup
so
urce).
On the Figu
re
2 is a block d
i
agra
m
of the device, which
was p
r
op
ose
d
.
The p
a
rt
with
a na
me
Co
mputer is
used to
re
cord
possibl
e cha
nge
s of the
p
r
og
ram to
the micro
c
o
n
trolle
r Arduino
. The
ca
rd
re
ader MF
RC
5
22 i
s
the
spe
c
ific
hardware, wh
ose role
i
s
to rea
d
the
card
of u
s
er a
nd ba
se
d o
n
use
r
p
e
rmi
s
si
ons allo
w o
r
deny a
c
cess
to the buil
d
in
g.
For
control of
the ele
c
troni
c lo
ck i
n
sert
wa
s u
s
ed
a servo motor. Servo
moto
r is
me
cha
n
ica
lly
con
n
e
c
ted wi
th the cylind
e
r in
se
rts of
the lock.
In the ca
se of
a power fail
ure, the
syst
em
automatically swit
che
s
to
backu
p mo
de. The
ba
ck up
of sy
stem was
crea
ted by a b
a
c
ku
p
sou
r
ce, whi
c
h except b
a
ttery co
ntain
s
also el
ect
r
oni
c compo
nent
s, wh
ose ta
sk is to e
n
sure a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 4, Dece
mb
er 201
6 : 1329 – 133
7
1332
smooth
an
d
safe tran
sitio
n
to a
ba
cku
p in
ca
se
of power
fail
ure.
For no
rmal power su
pply
we
use
stabilize
d
powe
r
sup
p
ly with the followin
g
parameters: Inp
u
t voltage for microcontro
ller
Arduin
o
and
the remaini
ng part
s
of the syst
em i
s
6V and ele
c
tri
c
cu
rre
nt 1200 mA. The
stru
ctural de
sign of the UPS (backu
p so
urce) i
s
in Fig
u
re 3.
Figure 2. Block di
agram of
attendan
ce system,
whi
c
h in
clude
s the ele
c
tron
ic lock
Figure 3. The
simple ba
cku
p
sou
r
ce
Explanation:
C – 100
0mF
– electrolytic cap
a
cito
r on
10 V
R – 100
0
Ω
D - Schottky
diode 2A
The re
al co
n
nectio
n
of our system is in
Fi
gure 4. It consi
s
ts of a
microcontroll
er Ardui
no
Mega A
D
K, card
re
ade
r a
n
d
LED indi
cat
o
rs.
LED indi
cators inform
the u
s
er of e
a
ch
state
of t
h
e
system, ab
ou
t each state o
f
se
rvo moto
r and the ba
ckup so
urce.
Figure 4. The real conn
ection of a
ttendance system
with the ele
c
troni
c lock
The re
ading
device MF
RC52
2 is highl
y integr
ated
chip for read/
write an
d co
ntactle
s
s
comm
uni
cati
on (f
req
uen
cy 13.56 M
H
z). The
ca
rd
re
ader MF
RC5
22
sup
port
s
I
S
O/IEC 144
4
3
in
mode A/ MIF
A
RE. Internal
chip
of card reade
r
MF
RC522 i
s
d
e
sig
n
ed to
comm
u
n
icate
with
no
rm
ISO/IEC 14443 A/MIFARE card
s
withou
t additional a
c
tive module
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Im
plem
entation of Innovative Te
chn
o
log
i
es in t
he Fiel
ds of Electron
ic Lo
cks (Štef
an Koprda)
1333
Figure 5. MFRC 5
22 chip
4. Ev
aluation and Discu
ssion of the
Obtain
ed Re
sults
In desi
gn,
constructio
n
a
nd reali
z
atio
n of el
e
c
tro
n
i
c lo
ck that i
s
pa
rt of att
e
nda
n
ce
system,
we
h
a
ve re
ceive
d
a re
que
st fo
r en
ablin
g in
put of u
s
ers
by usin
g diffe
rent
ways
-
with
card Mifa
re S
50 an
d pla
s
ti
c key tag
s
RFID. In testin
g, however,
we n
o
tice
d th
at the re
adin
g
and
evaluation of
the appro
a
ch is not alwa
ys corr
e
c
t. Therefo
r
e, we
focused on
determi
ning t
he
con
d
ition
s
in
whi
c
h the
system can m
o
re reliabl
y to
evaluate the
data in p
r
o
c
e
ss
rea
d
ing th
e
c
a
rd or plas
tic
k
e
y tags
RFID.
We condu
cte
d
therefore a
serie
s
of six (3
on the ca
rd and 3 for plastic
key tags RFID)
followin
g
mea
s
ureme
n
ts for the chip card
and pla
s
tic key tags RFI
D
:
1.
The RFI
D
re
a
der is pl
aced
in a plasti
c ho
usin
g - pa
rt of the entran
c
e
door,
2.
RFID read
er
is not locate
d
in a plastic
hou
si
ng - di
rect co
nne
ctio
n with a "live" part of th
e
RFID read
er,
3.
The pla
s
tic h
ousi
ng of doo
r wa
s re
pla
c
e
d
with gla
ss p
ane
s.
Each
se
ries of measure
m
ents
con
s
i
s
ted
of 100 attempts
. We have c
h
anged the
distan
ce
(0-2
cm, 3-5cm, 6
-
10cm
)
fro
m
the RFI
D
re
ad
er. In one
se
ri
es
were re
ali
z
ed fo
r a total
of
300 mea
s
u
r
e
m
ents.
5. Ev
aluating the Succ
e
ss of Readin
g Plastic Ke
y
Tags RFID
The first series of measurem
ents was
condu
cted to determine the ability to retrieve data
from the
pla
s
tic key tag
s
RFID. RFID
re
ader
wa
s pl
a
c
ed
in
a
plast
i
c h
o
u
s
ing,
which
was pa
rt
of
the entran
c
e
door to
secure prote
c
tion
a
gain
s
t extern
al adverse effects.
Figure 6. Dep
ende
nce of re
ading d
a
ta fro
m
distan
ce b
y
using the pl
astic
key tags RFID (RFID
read
er
wa
s pl
ace
d
in a pla
s
tic ho
usi
ng)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 4, Dece
mb
er 201
6 : 1329 – 133
7
1334
From the
ch
a
r
t, which is
sh
own in th
e Fi
gure
6,
you can see that at
a distan
ce
of 0-2
c
m,
plasti
c key tags
RFID i
s
worki
ng p
r
o
perly at eac
h
of the 10
0 mea
s
urem
ents. At
a dista
n
ce of
3-
5cm an
d 6-10
cm RFI
D
re
a
der failed to d
i
stingui
sh
the
plasti
c key ta
gs RFID in th
ese di
stan
ce
s.
The second series
of measurem
ents
was cond
ucted t
o
determine t
he ability to retrieve
data from the
plastic key tags RFID, bu
t RFID r
ead
e
r
is not locat
ed in a plasti
c hou
sing -
we
cre
a
ted di
re
ct conn
ectio
n
with a "live" part of the RFID read
er.
Figure 7. Dep
ende
nce of re
ading d
a
ta fro
m
distan
ce
b
y
using the pl
astic
key tags RFID (di
r
e
c
t
con
n
e
c
tion wi
th a "live" part of the RFID read
er)
From the
ch
a
r
t, which is
sh
own in th
e Fi
gure
7,
you can see that at
a distan
ce
of 0-2
c
m,
plasti
c key tags
RFID i
s
worki
ng p
r
o
perly at eac
h
of the 10
0 mea
s
urem
ents. At
a dista
n
ce of
6-
10cm
RFI
D
reade
r failed
to distin
gui
sh
the pla
s
tic
ke
y tags RFID.
At a distan
ce of 3-5 cm
we
achi
eve an
in
terestin
g
re
sult wh
en the
RFID
re
ade
r
from 1
00 diff
erent
mea
s
u
r
ements was
40
times una
ble
to load the pl
astic
key tags RFID.
The third
seri
es of m
e
asurements was
cond
ucted to determi
ne the ability to read dat
a
from the pla
s
tic key tag
s
RFID - the pla
s
tic hou
sing of
door was
rep
l
ace
d
with gla
ss p
ane
s.
Figure 8. Dep
ende
nce of re
ading d
a
ta fro
m
distan
ce b
y
using the pl
astic
key tags RFID (T
he
plasti
c hou
sin
g
of door was repla
c
ed
with glass pa
ne
s)
From
the
cha
r
t, whi
c
h i
s
sh
own
in th
e Fi
gure
8, you
can
see
that at
a di
stan
ce
of
0-2
c
m
and 3
-
5
c
m, p
l
astic
key ta
g
s
RFID i
s
wo
rkin
g p
r
op
erl
y
at each of
the 100
mea
s
ureme
n
ts. A
t
a
distan
ce of 6-10cm
RFID
reade
r failed to
disting
u
ish the pla
s
tic key tags RFI
D
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Im
plem
entation of Innovative Te
chn
o
log
i
es in t
he Fiel
ds of Electron
ic
Lo
cks (Štef
an Koprda)
1335
6. Ev
aluating the suc
ces
s of reading
card Mifar
e
S50
w
i
th RFI
D
read
er
The first series of measurem
ents was
condu
cted to determine the ability to retrieve data
from the RFI
D
ca
rd
with a
mark Mifa
re
S50. RFID re
ader
wa
s pla
c
ed in a
pla
s
tic hou
sin
g
, which
wa
s part of th
e entran
c
e d
o
o
r to se
cu
re p
r
otectio
n
agai
nst external a
d
verse effect
s.
Figure 9. Dep
ende
nce of re
ading d
a
ta fro
m
distan
ce b
y
using the RFID ca
rd Mifa
re S50 (RFID
read
er
wa
s pl
ace
d
in a pla
s
tic ho
usi
ng)
From the
ch
a
r
t, which is
sh
own in th
e Fi
gure
9,
you can see that at
a distan
ce
of 0-2
c
m,
RFID ca
rd Mifare
S50
is worki
ng pro
p
e
r
ly
at
eac
h of t
he 10
0 me
asurem
ents. At
a dista
n
ce of
3-
5 cm
we a
c
hi
eve an i
n
tere
sting
re
sult
when th
e RFID rea
d
e
r
from
100
different
measurement
s
wa
s 42 time
s unabl
e to lo
ad the pl
asti
c key tag
s
RF
ID. At a dista
n
ce
of 6-1
0
cm RFID
re
ad
er
failed to distin
guish the pla
s
tic key tags
RFID in the
s
e
distan
ce
s.
The second series
of measurem
ents
was cond
ucted t
o
determine t
he ability to retrieve
data from the
RFID ca
rd
Mifare S50, but RFID re
a
der is n
o
t located in a pla
s
tic ho
usin
g - we
cre
a
ted di
re
ct conn
ectio
n
with a "live" part of the RFID read
er.
Figure 10. De
pend
en
ce of readin
g
dat
a from distan
ce
by using the
RFID
card Mi
fare S50 (di
r
e
c
t
con
n
e
c
tion wi
th a "live" part of the RFID read
er)
From the
ch
a
r
t, which is
shown in the
Figur
e 10, yo
u ca
n see th
at at a dista
n
c
e of 0
-
2cm, 3
-
5cm and 6
-
10
cm,
the RFID
card Mifa
re S
50 is
workin
g pro
perly at
each
of the 100
measurement
s. The thi
r
d
seri
es
of me
asu
r
em
ents
wa
s condu
ct
ed to dete
r
m
i
ne the abilit
y to
read d
a
ta fro
m
the RFID
card Mifa
re S5
0 - the pla
s
tic housi
ng of d
oor
was
repl
a
c
ed
with gla
s
s
pane
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 4, Dece
mb
er 201
6 : 1329 – 133
7
1336
Figure 11. De
pend
en
ce of readin
g
data from distan
ce
by using the
RFID
card Mi
fare S50 (T
he
plasti
c hou
sin
g
of door was repla
c
ed
with glass pa
ne
s)
From the
ch
a
r
t, which is
shown in the
Figur
e 11, yo
u ca
n see th
at at a dista
n
c
e of 0
-
2cm an
d 3-5cm, the RFID ca
rd Mi
fare S
50 is working p
r
operly at ea
ch of the 100
measurement
s. At a di
stan
ce
of
6-10
cm
we achieve an
inte
re
sting
re
sult whe
n
the RFID rea
d
er
from 100 diffe
rent mea
s
u
r
e
m
ents
was 4
0
times una
bl
e to load the RFID
card Mi
fare S50.
On
the ba
sis on
the
s
e re
su
lts,
we ca
n co
nclu
de that
b
o
th technolo
g
i
es
can
be
u
s
ed with
a 10
0% success rate at
a
distan
ce
of 0
-
2 cm.
In
oth
e
r
cases is the
su
cce
s
s of
readin
g
affe
cted
by the type
of tech
nolo
g
y
use
d
(pla
st
ic
key ta
gs
RFID/
Mifare
ca
rd
)
and
p
l
acin
g the
RFID
read
er.
7. Conclusio
n
The aim of our pap
er was to highlight the pos
sibility
of the effecti
v
e use of innovative
techn
o
logie
s
in pra
c
tice. T
he p
r
opo
se
d
system i
s
a
b
l
e
to ope
rate
as m
a
intena
n
c
e-f
r
ee
syste
m
for op
enin
g
a
nd cl
osi
ng
of doors, a
nd la
st but n
o
t
lea
s
t ma
ke
a record
of the u
s
er in
put / out
put
s
to the buildi
n
g. An impo
rtant facto
r
in
the de
si
gn
of this ele
c
tron
ic lo
ck
wa
s t
o
en
sure that
a
system
wa
s able to wo
rk also in
the
event of a power failure. As a backu
p so
u
r
ce
wa
s u
s
ed
it
s
own system (the
ele
c
tri
c
al
schem
e i
s
shown in Fig
u
r
e 4
)
. In the
ca
se of p
o
wer
cut we
ca
n
mech
ani
cally
open the
electro
n
ic l
o
ck (with
cla
ssi
c key). After resto
r
ation
of voltage is the
system resto
r
ed to a positi
on before the
powe
r
failure
.
Referen
ces
[1]
Sharma
S, Sh
i
m
i SL,
Chatterj
i S. R
adi
o F
r
e
que
nc
y Id
entifi
c
ation
(RF
I
D)
base
d
Emp
l
o
y
ee M
onitor
i
n
g
S
y
stem (EMS).
Internation
a
l J
ourn
a
l of Curre
nt Engin
eer
ing
and T
e
ch
no
log
y
. 2014; 4(5).
[2]
Sapark
hoj
a
y
ev
N, Kur
y
mb
a
y
e
v
A.
Im
plem
entation
of RFID -
based co
mput
er access
system (CAS) for
Ka
z
a
khstani University
. 20
15
5th Internatio
nal W
o
rksh
op
on Comp
uter
Science a
nd
Engi
neer
in
g:
Information Pr
ocessi
ng a
nd
Contro
l Engi
ne
erin
g, W
C
SE 2015-IPCE. 20
1
5
:
1-6
.
[3]
Kiran BN, Sm
itha BC, Sush
ma KN. Imple
m
entatio
n Of
RF
ID F
o
r Blind Bus Board
i
ng S
y
stem.
Internatio
na
l Journ
a
l of Scie
n
t
if
ic Engin
eeri
n
g and Ap
pl
ied
Scienc
e
. 201
5; 1(3): 443-4
46.
[4]
Baud
e PF
, En
der
DA, Kel
l
e
y
T
W
, Haase
M
A
, Mu
y
r
es
DV, T
heiss SD.
O
r
gan
ic se
mico
nductor
RF
ID
transpo
nd
ers
. T
e
chnical Di
ge
st - Internation
a
l Electro
n
Dev
i
ces Meeti
n
g
.
2
003:
19
1-1
94.
[5]
Subram
ani
an
V
, Chan
g
PC,
Lee
JB, Molesa
SE, Volkma
n SK. Printed
orga
nic trans
is
tors for ultra-
lo
w
c
ost RFID a
pplic
atio
ns.
IEEE Trans. Com
p
onent
s Pac
k
aging Technol.
2005: 67-
71
.
[6]
Balogh Z, T
u
r
č
áni
M. Comp
le
x desi
gn of
mo
nitori
ng
s
y
stem
for small
a
n
im
als b
y
t
he
use
of micro P
C
and RF
ID tech
nol
og
y. Lect N
o
tes Electr Eng
.
2016; 38
0: 55
-63.
[7]
Mishra Y, Mar
w
a
h
GK, Verm
a S. Ardui
no B
a
sed Sm
art R
F
ID Securit
y
a
nd Attend
anc
e
S
y
stem
w
i
t
h
Audi
o Ackn
o
w
l
edg
ement.
Int
e
rnati
ona
l
Jo
ur
nal of
En
gin
e
e
r
ing Rese
arch &
T
e
chn
o
lo
gy.
201
5; 4(
1):
363-
367.
[8]
W
e
is SA, Sar
m
a SE, Riv
est
RL, En
gels
D
W
. Securi
t
y
an
d priv
ac
y as
pe
cts of lo
w
-
c
o
st
radi
o freq
uenc
y
identification sy
stems
.
Lectur
e
Notes in C
o
mputer Scie
nc
e. 2004; 2
802:
201-
212.
[9]
Beneš
P, Lack
o
B, Mai
x
ner
L,
Šmejka
l L, V
o
r
á
č
ek R, Kr
ál J,
Jane
č
ek J, Ku
nzel G, S
e
mer
ád J, S
o
u
č
ek
P, Šulc B. Automatizac
e
a
automatiza
č
ní technik
a
1:
S
y
stemov
é p
o
j
etí
automatiza
c
e
.
Comp
ute
r
Press. 2012: 2
24.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Im
plem
entation of Innovative Te
chn
o
log
i
es in t
he Fiel
ds of Electron
ic
Lo
cks (Štef
an Koprda)
1337
[10]
Besson
T
,
Deba
yl
e D,
Dioc
hot S, S
a
li
nas
M,
Li
ngu
eg
lia
E. Lo
w
c
o
st
venom
e
x
tract
o
r b
a
sed
o
n
ardu
ino®
boar
d for e
l
ectrica
l
venom
e
x
trac
ti
on from
arthr
opo
ds a
nd
oth
e
r smal
l a
n
im
als.
Toxicon.
201
6: 156-
161.
[11]
Shei
nin A, L
a
vi
A, Michae
levs
ki I. StimDuin
o: An ard
u
in
o-b
a
s
ed e
l
ec
trop
h
ysiolo
g
ic
al stimu
l
us iso
l
ator.
Journ
a
l of Ne
u
r
oscie
n
ce Meth
ods
. 201
5: 8-1
7
.
[12]
Anzal
one
GC, Glover AG, Pe
arce JM. Open
-source c
o
lor
i
meter.
Sensor
s (Sw
i
t
z
e
r
la
nd)
.
2013;
13(4)
:
533
8-53
46.
[13]
Grenez F, Viq
ueir
a
Vil
l
are
j
o
M, García Zapirain
B, Mén
d
e
z
Zorrilla
A. W
i
reless
protot
ype b
a
se
d o
n
pressur
e
an
d b
end
ing s
ens
or
s for measuri
n
g gate
qu
alit
y.
Sensors (Sw
i
t
z
erla
nd)
. 20
13;
13(8): 9
679-
970
3.
[14]
Schub
ert TW, D'Ausilio A,
Canto R. Usi
n
g ardu
ino mic
r
ocont
ro
ller b
o
a
rds to meas
ure resp
onse
latenc
ies.
Beh
a
vior R
e
searc
h
Methods.
20
1
3
; 45(4): 13
32-
134
6.
[15]
Magur
a D, F
edák V. V
y
užiti
e
s
y
stému Ar
dui
no pri ri
ade
ní p
r
ocesov.
ATP Journal
. 201
2.
[16]
Ali AS, Zanzi
n
ger Z, Deb
o
se
D, Stephe
ns B
.
Open so
urce
bui
l
d
i
ng sci
enc
e sens
ors (OSBSS): A lo
w
-
cost ard
u
in
o-b
a
sed
pl
atform for lo
ng-ter
m
ind
oor
env
ironme
n
tal
dat
a col
l
ecti
on.
Bu
i
l
d
i
ng
and
En
vi
ronm
e
n
t.
2
016:
11
4-1
26.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.