T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n,
Co
m
pu
t
ing
,
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
603
~
607
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
,
ac
cr
ed
ited
First Gr
ad
e
b
y
Kem
en
r
is
tek
d
i
k
ti,
Dec
r
ee
No
: 2
1
/E/KPT
/2
0
1
8
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/TE
L
KOM
NI
K
A.
v
1
9
i
2
.
1
6
8
5
5
603
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//jo
u
r
n
a
l.u
a
d
.
a
c.
id
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/TELK
OM
N
I
K
A
Effec
ts of Ba
S
O
4
na
no
-
pa
rticles on
the
en
ha
ncemen
t
o
f
the
o
ptical performa
nce of
white
LED
s
H
u
u
Ph
u
c
D
a
n
g
1
,
Ph
u
n
g
To
n
T
h
a
t
2
,
D
a
o
H
u
y
Tu
a
n
3
1
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
tal
S
c
ien
c
e
,
In
d
u
strial
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
H
o
Ch
i
M
in
h
Cit
y
,
Vie
tn
am
2
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
In
d
u
strial
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ho
C
h
i
M
i
n
h
Cit
y
,
Vie
tn
a
m
3
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
To
n
Du
c
T
h
a
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ho
Ch
i
M
i
n
h
Ci
ty
,
Vie
tn
a
m
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
2
,
2020
R
ev
is
ed
Oct
9
,
2
0
2
0
Acc
ep
ted
Oct
2
3
,
2
0
2
0
Th
e
u
sa
g
e
o
f
Ba
S
O
4
n
a
n
o
p
a
rti
c
les
o
n
WL
EDs
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
fl
u
x
a
n
d
c
o
lo
r
u
n
if
o
rm
it
y
imp
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
a
n
a
ly
z
e
d
a
n
d
d
e
m
o
n
stra
ted
in
th
is
m
a
n
u
sc
rip
t.
T
h
e
m
ix
tu
re
o
f
Ba
S
O
4
a
n
d
sili
c
o
n
e
p
lac
e
d
o
n
th
e
y
e
ll
o
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
b
e
n
e
fit
s
th
e
i
n
tern
a
l
li
g
h
t
sc
a
tt
e
rin
g
a
n
d
t
h
u
s
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
s
th
e
a
n
g
u
lar
c
o
rre
late
d
c
o
lo
r
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
(CC
T)
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
e
it
y
.
S
p
e
c
ifi
c
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
b
lu
e
-
li
g
h
t
in
ten
sit
y
a
t
larg
e
a
n
g
les
ten
d
to
in
c
re
a
se
a
n
d
re
su
lt
s
in
li
g
h
t
in
ten
sit
y
d
isc
re
p
a
n
c
y
,
wh
ich
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
rre
c
t
e
d
with
a
d
d
e
d
Ba
S
O
4
.
I
n
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
to
t
h
is,
th
e
Ba
S
O
4
-
sili
c
o
n
e
c
o
m
p
o
si
te
m
o
d
if
ies
th
e
re
fra
c
ti
v
e
in
d
e
x
o
f
t
h
e
a
ir
-
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
lay
e
r
in
terfa
c
e
to
a
n
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
v
a
lu
e
,
a
n
d
t
h
u
s,
th
e
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
e
fficie
n
c
y
in
c
re
a
se
s.
Th
e
re
su
lt
s
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
CCT
d
e
v
iatio
n
s
is
re
d
u
c
e
d
b
y
5
8
0
K,
fro
m
1
0
0
0
K
to
4
2
0
K,
wi
th
i
n
t
h
e
a
n
g
l
e
ra
n
g
e
fr
o
m
-
70
0
t
o
+
7
0
0
wi
th
B
a
S
O
4
in
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
stru
c
t
u
re
.
Th
e
i
n
c
re
a
se
in
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
flu
x
is
a
lso
re
c
o
r
d
e
d
b
y
2
.
2
5
%
,
in
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
wit
h
th
a
t
o
f
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
B
a
S
O
4
trad
it
i
o
n
a
l
str
u
c
tu
re
,
a
t
t
h
e
1
2
0
-
mA
d
riv
i
n
g
c
u
rre
n
t.
He
n
c
e
,
in
teg
ra
t
in
g
Ba
S
O
4
n
a
n
o
p
a
rti
c
les
in
to
t
h
e
re
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
stru
c
tu
re
c
a
n
c
o
n
tri
b
u
te
s
to
th
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
b
o
th
l
u
m
e
n
o
u
tp
u
t
a
n
d
CCT
u
n
i
fo
rm
it
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
aSO
4
C
o
lo
r
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
L
u
m
in
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
Mie
-
s
ca
tter
in
g
th
eo
r
y
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Dao
Hu
y
T
u
a
n
Facu
lty
o
f
E
lectr
i
ca
l a
n
d
E
lectr
o
n
ics E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
T
o
n
Du
c
T
h
an
g
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
No
.
1
9
Ng
u
y
en
Hu
u
T
h
o
Stre
e
t,
T
an
Ph
o
n
g
W
ar
d
,
Dis
tr
i
ct
7
,
Ho
C
h
i M
in
h
C
ity
,
Vietn
am
E
m
ail: d
ao
h
u
y
tu
an
@
td
tu
.
ed
u
.
v
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Hig
h
-
p
o
wer
wh
ite
lig
h
t
-
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
es
(
W
L
E
Ds)
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
as
a
p
o
ten
tial
lig
h
tin
g
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
s
o
lid
-
s
tate
lig
h
tin
g
(
SS
L
)
d
ev
ices,
wh
ich
co
u
ld
r
e
p
lace
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
o
n
e
[
1
,
2
]
.
Sev
er
al
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
W
L
E
Ds
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
,
y
et
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
o
n
e
is
d
is
p
er
s
in
g
y
ello
w
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
(
YAG)
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
o
n
t
h
e
b
lu
e
L
E
D
c
h
ip
.
T
h
e
L
E
Ds
f
ab
r
icate
d
b
y
th
is
m
eth
o
d
is
ca
lled
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
-
co
n
v
er
te
d
wh
ite
lig
h
t
-
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
es
(
p
c
-
L
E
D
s
)
[
3
-
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
c
-
L
E
Ds
ca
n
o
f
f
e
r
a
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
also
a
co
s
t
-
s
av
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
b
u
t
th
ey
h
av
e
n
o
t
y
iel
d
ed
g
o
o
d
co
l
o
r
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
an
d
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
a
t
th
e
air
-
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
in
ter
f
ac
e.
Me
an
wh
ile,
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
lu
m
en
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
b
y
elev
atin
g
th
e
lig
h
t
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
c
u
s
ed
a
n
d
r
esear
c
h
ed
e
x
ten
s
iv
ely
in
r
ec
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
[
6
-
8
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
co
m
e
u
p
with
m
an
y
p
ac
k
a
g
in
g
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es,
f
o
r
in
s
tan
ce
s
,
u
s
in
g
a
h
em
i
-
s
p
h
er
ically
s
h
ap
ed
en
ca
p
s
u
latio
n
[
9
]
a
n
d
th
e
E
L
iXI
R
p
c
-
L
E
Ds
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
with
in
ter
n
al
r
eflec
tio
n
,
to
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
[
1
0
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
lig
h
t
lo
s
s
s
till
o
cc
u
r
s
in
th
ese
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es,
wh
ich
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
o
v
er
a
ll
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
[
1
1
,
1
2
]
.
I
n
p
a
r
ticu
lar
,
a
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
y
ello
w
r
ay
s
em
itted
f
r
o
m
th
e
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
ar
e
s
ca
tter
ed
b
ac
k
to
th
e
L
E
D
c
h
ip
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
202
1
:
6
0
3
-
607
604
an
d
f
i
n
ally
b
ei
n
g
a
b
s
o
r
b
e
d
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
f
ig
u
r
ed
o
u
t
th
at
to
av
o
id
t
h
e
b
ac
k
s
ca
tter
in
g
ef
f
ec
t,
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
r
e
-
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
is
s
u
e
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
a
s
u
f
f
icien
t
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
L
E
D
c
h
ip
a
n
d
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
n
o
v
ati
v
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
wer
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
r
in
g
-
r
em
o
te
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
s
ca
tter
ed
p
h
o
to
n
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
(
SP
E
)
[
1
3
-
1
5
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ar
ticles,
th
e
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
p
r
o
v
ed
to
h
av
e
s
u
p
er
io
r
lu
m
en
e
f
f
icac
y
t
o
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
d
is
p
er
s
in
g
d
esig
n
.
H
o
wev
er
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
f
ab
r
icatin
g
th
e
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
th
er
e
is
a
p
r
o
b
lem
r
elate
d
t
o
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
ca
v
e
e
n
ca
p
s
u
lan
t,
wh
ich
is
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
t
h
ick
n
ess
in
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
[
1
6
-
1
8
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
a
n
g
u
lar
-
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
p
ath
s
o
f
th
is
p
ac
k
ag
in
g
d
esig
n
u
s
u
ally
ca
u
s
e
a
n
o
n
-
u
n
if
o
r
m
e
x
citatio
n
,
l
ea
d
in
g
to
th
e
y
e
llo
w
r
in
g
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
.
T
h
u
s
,
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
ap
p
ly
B
aSO
4
n
an
o
p
ar
ticles to
th
e
r
em
o
te
p
ac
k
a
g
in
g
d
esig
n
o
f
W
L
E
Ds as a
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
is
is
s
u
e.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
B
aSO
4
m
ater
ial
is
to
tak
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
its
s
u
p
er
io
r
s
ca
tter
in
g
ab
ilit
y
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
at
lar
g
e
an
g
les
,
f
r
o
m
wh
ic
h
th
e
an
g
u
lar
co
l
o
r
co
r
r
elate
d
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
(
C
C
T
)
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
eity
is
elev
ated
[
1
9
-
2
2
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
t
o
th
is
,
th
e
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
in
d
e
x
at
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
air
an
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
f
ilm
is
ad
ju
s
ted
with
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
B
aSO
4
,
an
d
th
u
s
,
th
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
ef
f
icien
c
y
is
also
en
h
an
ce
d
.
2.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
T
h
e
s
ch
em
atic
d
iag
r
am
s
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
3
m
ain
s
tep
s
.
Firstl
y
,
th
e
b
lu
e
L
E
D
ch
ip
s
ar
e
attac
h
ed
to
th
e
lead
f
r
am
e.
Seco
n
d
l
y
,
th
e
tr
an
s
p
a
r
e
n
t sil
ico
n
e
g
lu
e
is
d
is
p
en
s
ed
in
to
th
e
lead
f
r
am
e
an
d
cu
r
e
d
at
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
150
0
C
with
in
a
n
h
o
u
r
.
T
h
ir
d
ly
,
a
s
lu
r
r
y
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
u
s
p
en
s
i
o
n
is
c
r
ea
ted
b
y
th
e
b
len
d
in
g
t
h
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
o
wer
s
,
s
ilico
n
e
b
i
n
d
in
g
ag
e
n
t,
a
n
d
alk
y
l
-
b
ased
s
o
lv
e
n
t
to
g
eth
er
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ied
,
th
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
lu
r
r
y
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
u
ls
e
s
p
r
ay
co
atin
g
m
et
h
o
d
with
an
in
ter
v
al
co
n
tr
o
l.
Af
ter
war
d
s
,
th
is
s
lu
r
r
y
is
p
lace
d
o
n
to
th
e
s
i
lico
n
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
r
em
o
te
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
wh
ich
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a
)
.
T
h
e
b
lu
e
L
E
D
ch
ip
s
u
s
ed
in
t
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
ted
m
o
d
el
ar
e
th
e
2
4
-
m
ile
-
s
q
u
ar
e
o
n
es
wh
o
s
e
em
is
s
io
n
wav
elen
g
th
s
p
ea
k
at
4
5
0
n
m
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
e
ac
h
b
ar
e
L
E
D
c
h
ip
h
as
9
5
m
W
r
ad
ian
t
f
lu
x
at
1
2
0
m
A
d
r
iv
in
g
cu
r
r
e
n
t.
T
h
e
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Y
3
Al
5
O
12
(
YAG)
p
ar
ticle
h
as a
s
ize
o
f
1
2
µm
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
f
a
b
r
icatin
g
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
with
B
aSO
4
is
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
o
n
e,
b
u
t
B
aSO
4
is
u
s
ed
in
s
tead
o
f
th
e
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
to
c
o
m
b
in
e
wit
h
th
e
o
th
er
two
m
ater
ials
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
o
f
B
aSO
4
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ac
k
ag
i
n
g
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
B
aSO
4
is
ad
d
ed
with
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
5
%.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
L
E
D
ch
ip
s
in
t
h
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
th
e
s
am
e
as
th
o
s
e
in
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
al
o
n
e
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
s
ca
n
n
in
g
elec
tr
o
n
m
icr
o
s
co
p
ic
(
SEM
)
im
ag
e,
we
ca
n
k
n
o
w
th
at
th
e
p
ar
ticle
s
ize
o
f
B
aSO
4
in
th
e
s
ilico
n
e
en
ca
p
s
u
lan
t
is
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
3
0
0
n
m
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
en
er
g
y
d
is
p
er
s
iv
e
s
p
ec
tr
o
m
eter
(
E
DS)
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
t
h
e
en
ca
p
s
u
la
n
t c
o
n
tain
in
g
B
aSO
4
an
d
s
ilico
n
e.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
(
a
)
Ph
o
to
g
r
ap
h
o
f
W
L
E
Ds s
am
p
le,
(
b
)
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
W
L
E
Ds m
o
d
el
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
g
en
e
r
al
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
o
f
th
e
an
g
u
lar
-
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
C
C
T
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
c
an
b
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
ted
as
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
eq
u
atio
n
[
2
3
-
2
5
]
:
An
g
u
lar
-
d
e
p
en
d
en
t CC
T
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
=
Ma
x
C
C
T
–
Min
C
C
T
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ch
a
n
g
es
o
f
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
s
in
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ar
ticles
weig
h
t
o
f
B
aSO
4
.
As
ca
n
be
s
ee
n
,
th
e
d
e
v
iatio
n
o
f
C
C
T
r
ea
ch
es
its
lo
west
lev
el
wh
en
th
e
weig
h
t
o
f
B
aSO
4
is
1
0
m
g
cm
-
2
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
E
ffects o
f B
a
S
O
4
n
a
n
o
-
p
a
r
ticles o
n
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
men
t
o
f th
e
o
p
tica
l p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
…
(
Hu
u
P
h
u
c
D
a
n
g
)
605
p
r
esen
t
th
at
th
is
is
th
e
o
p
tim
al
weig
h
t
f
o
r
B
aSO
4
to
b
e
ap
p
lied
as
th
e
C
C
T
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
5
8
%,
o
r
in
o
th
e
r
wo
r
d
s
,
th
e
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
s
r
e
d
u
ce
f
r
o
m
1
0
0
0
K
to
4
2
0
K
i
n
th
e
an
g
les
f
r
o
m
-
70
0
t
o
7
0
0
,
i
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
t
h
at
o
f
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
I
n
th
e
t
r
ad
i
tio
n
al
p
ac
k
ag
i
n
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
o
f
b
lu
e
lig
h
ts
at
lar
g
e
an
g
les
i
s
in
f
e
r
io
r
as
th
ey
ar
e
tr
ap
p
ed
an
d
r
ef
lecte
d
with
in
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
,
an
d
th
is
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
in
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
co
lo
r
m
ix
i
n
g
o
f
b
lu
e
an
d
y
ello
w
r
a
y
s
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
wh
en
ad
d
ed
B
aSO
4
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
ev
en
ts
ar
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
,
lead
in
g
t
o
a
m
o
r
e
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
b
lu
e
an
d
y
ello
w
lig
h
ts
.
W
h
en
th
e
wei
g
h
t
o
f
B
aSO
4
is
m
o
r
e
th
an
1
0
m
g
cm
-
2
,
th
e
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
s
ar
e
also
af
f
ec
ted
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
with
>1
0
m
g
c
m
-
2
s
till
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
b
etter
th
an
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
t
o
u
tco
m
es
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
1
0
m
g
cm
-
2
B
aSO
4
y
ield
s
b
etter
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
ef
f
icien
cy
,
as p
r
esen
te
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
At
th
e
d
r
iv
in
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
o
f
1
2
0
m
A,
th
e
B
aSO
4
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
2
.
2
5
%
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
in
lu
m
in
o
u
s
ef
f
ic
ien
cy
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
r
ef
r
ac
t
iv
e
in
d
ex
v
ar
iatio
n
at
th
e
air
-
en
ca
p
s
u
lan
t
in
ter
f
ac
e
is
d
eg
r
ad
ed
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
b
a
b
ly
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
lig
h
t
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
.
As
th
e
B
aSO
4
-
s
ilico
n
e
f
ilm
h
as
th
e
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
in
d
ex
o
f
1
.
5
,
an
d
t
h
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
-
s
ilico
n
e’
s
is
1
.
8
,
th
e
B
aSO
4
will
r
esu
lts
in
a
s
u
f
f
icien
t
g
r
a
d
ien
t
b
etwe
en
air
an
d
th
e
en
ca
p
s
u
lan
t la
y
er
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
s
o
f
B
aSO4
p
ar
ticles with
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
iam
eter
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
L
u
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
es o
f
B
aSO4
p
ar
ticles with
d
if
f
er
en
t d
iam
eter
s
T
o
in
v
esti
g
ate
m
o
r
e
ab
o
u
t
B
aSO
4
s
ca
tter
in
g
ab
ilit
y
in
th
e
v
is
i
b
le
r
an
g
e,
th
e
h
az
e
in
ten
s
ity
is
ca
lcu
lated
b
y
th
e
two
p
ar
am
et
er
s
:
th
e
to
tal
tr
an
s
m
ittan
ce
an
d
th
e
d
if
f
r
a
ctiv
e
tr
an
s
m
ittan
ce
(
n
o
n
-
s
p
ec
u
lar
tr
an
s
m
ittan
ce
)
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as [
2
6
]
:
Ha
z
e
in
ten
s
ity
= T
diffraction
/T
total
x
1
0
0
%
T
h
e
d
if
f
r
ac
tiv
e
an
d
to
tal
t
r
an
s
m
ittan
ce
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
T
diffraction
an
d
T
total
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
i
s
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
d
if
f
r
ac
tiv
e
tr
a
n
s
m
ittan
ce
d
o
es
n
o
t
in
clu
d
e
th
e
ze
r
o
-
o
r
d
er
d
if
f
r
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
u
te
d
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at
th
e
h
az
e
i
n
ten
s
ity
o
f
th
e
n
o
n
-
B
aSO
4
s
ilico
n
e
lay
er
s
tay
s
at
a
lo
w
lev
el
w
h
ich
is
ar
o
u
n
d
0
%.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
h
o
w
s
an
u
p
war
d
tr
en
d
wh
en
B
aSO
4
ap
p
ea
r
s
in
th
e
s
ilico
n
e
f
ilm
,
a
n
d
ten
d
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
alo
n
g
with
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
in
B
aSO
4
p
ar
ticle
weig
h
t.
M
o
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
e
s
ca
tte
r
in
g
is
lik
ely
to
b
e
s
tr
o
n
g
er
as
th
e
h
az
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
202
1
:
6
0
3
-
607
606
in
ten
s
ity
is
h
ig
h
er
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
b
etter
th
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
ab
ilit
y
is
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
an
g
u
lar
C
C
T
b
ec
o
m
es.
T
h
u
s
,
B
aSO
4
is
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
in
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
eo
u
s
C
C
T
p
r
o
b
l
em
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
es
o
f
b
lu
e
an
d
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
s
ca
tte
r
in
g
in
ten
s
ities
in
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
d
ir
ec
tio
n
with
v
ar
i
o
u
s
B
aSO
4
d
iam
eter
s
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
u
ll
-
field
fin
ite
-
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
tim
e
-
d
o
m
ain
(
FDTD
)
s
im
u
latio
n
f
o
r
th
e
illu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
B
aSO
4
p
ar
ticle
s
izes
o
n
an
g
u
l
ar
-
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
C
C
T
an
d
l
u
m
en
ef
f
icac
y
.
Giv
e
n
t
h
at
B
aSO
4
-
s
ilico
n
lay
er
’
s
r
ef
r
ac
ti
v
e
in
d
ex
is
1
.
5
,
a
n
d
B
aSO
4
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
is
5
%,
4
0
0
n
m
tu
r
n
s
o
u
t to
b
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
iam
eter
o
f
B
aSO
4
as
it
ca
n
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
h
ig
h
e
r
an
g
u
lar
-
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
s
ca
tter
in
g
in
te
n
s
ity
in
th
e
b
lu
e
a
n
d
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
(
4
5
0
n
m
a
n
d
5
6
0
n
m
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
)
,
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
o
th
er
s
izes
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
co
lo
r
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
ly
en
h
a
n
ce
d
with
t
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
i
n
th
e
li
g
h
t
s
ca
tter
in
g
,
th
e
b
lu
e
an
d
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
tr
an
s
m
ittan
ce
s
h
o
w
s
o
m
e
d
is
a
d
v
an
tag
es.
On
e
o
f
th
em
is
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
as
th
e
th
ic
k
n
ess
o
f
th
e
B
aSO
4
-
s
ilico
n
e
lay
er
g
r
o
ws,
wh
ich
will
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
W
ith
B
aSO
4
d
ia
m
eter
at
3
0
0
n
m
,
th
e
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
lig
h
t
ca
n
m
a
k
e
u
p
5
-
1
5
%
o
f
th
e
to
tal
am
o
u
n
t,
an
d
t
h
is
n
u
m
b
e
r
ten
d
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
f
th
e
s
ize
o
f
B
aSO
4
b
ec
o
m
es
lar
g
e
r
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
lig
h
t
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
e
d
to
g
eth
e
r
with
t
h
e
lig
h
t
s
ca
tter
in
g
wh
e
n
ch
o
o
s
in
g
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
d
iam
eter
f
o
r
B
aSO
4
n
an
o
p
ar
ticle
s
o
th
at
W
L
E
D
d
ev
ices
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
b
etter
C
C
T
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
an
d
lig
h
t o
u
tp
u
t p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
th
at
B
a
SO
4
h
as
o
n
th
e
em
is
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
is
in
v
esti
g
ated
b
y
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
o
f
b
lu
e
an
d
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
an
g
u
lar
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t
r
elativ
e
in
ten
s
ity
.
I
t
is
r
ep
o
r
ted
th
at
in
B
a
SO
4
r
e
m
o
te
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
th
e
v
ar
iety
o
f
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
a
n
g
les
in
cr
ea
s
es
wh
ile
th
e
n
o
r
m
al
-
d
ir
ec
tio
n
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
t
o
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
o
n
e.
T
h
is
im
p
lie
s
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
im
p
ac
ts
o
f
B
aS
O
4
s
ca
tter
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
ty
o
n
th
e
lig
h
t
p
ath
o
f
th
e
b
lu
e
p
h
o
to
n
s
th
at
ca
u
s
e
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
f
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
.
Me
an
wh
i
le,
th
e
lig
h
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
y
el
lo
w
r
ay
s
i
n
B
a
SO
4
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
is
n
ea
r
ly
th
e
s
am
e
as
th
at
in
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
p
ac
k
ag
e
.
T
h
is
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lain
ed
b
y
th
e
wav
elen
g
t
h
-
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
h
az
e
r
atio
o
f
1
0
m
g
cm
-
2
B
aSO
4
lay
er
:
its
h
az
e
f
o
r
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
with
wav
elen
g
th
at
ab
o
u
t 6
0
0
n
m
is
3
0
%,
wh
ile
f
o
r
th
e
~
4
5
0
n
m
b
lu
e
r
ay
s
is
3
5
%.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
h
az
e
p
er
ce
n
t r
esu
lts
in
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
lig
h
t
s
ca
tter
ed
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
aid
th
at
th
e
y
ello
w
-
lig
h
t
s
ca
tter
in
g
ev
en
ts
ar
e
less
th
an
th
e
b
lu
e
-
lig
h
t
o
n
es,
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
th
e
l
o
wer
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
as
th
e
b
lu
e
an
d
y
el
lo
w
lig
h
t
s
ar
e
m
ix
e
d
m
o
r
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
ly
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
h
az
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
e
x
h
ib
its
th
at
th
e
d
if
f
u
s
ed
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
6
0
0
n
m
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
is
h
alf
th
at
o
f
th
e
4
5
0
n
m
b
lu
e
r
a
y
.
C
o
n
clu
d
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
th
e
C
C
T
d
ev
iatio
n
h
as
a
c
lo
s
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
with
th
e
b
lu
e
-
l
ig
h
t
a
n
g
le
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
e
b
lu
e
-
lig
h
t
r
elativ
e
in
ten
s
ity
th
at
is
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
B
aSO
4
weig
h
t
was
s
tu
d
ied
at
th
e
an
g
le
o
f
7
0
0
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
1
0
m
g
cm
-
2
B
aSO
4
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
co
n
d
itio
n
f
o
r
th
e
e
n
h
an
ce
m
en
t o
f
W
L
E
Ds C
C
T
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
as
it e
x
h
ib
its
th
e
h
ig
h
est b
lu
e
-
lig
h
t in
te
n
s
ity
at
lar
g
e
an
g
les.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
in
C
C
T
h
o
m
o
g
en
eity
a
n
d
lig
h
t
o
u
tp
u
t
w
ith
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
B
aSO
4
in
th
e
s
ilico
n
e
lay
er
is
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
t
h
is
ar
ticle.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
B
aSO
4
-
s
ilico
n
e
lay
er
ca
n
g
et
5
8
%
i
m
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
C
C
T
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
B
aSO
4
h
elp
s
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
l
u
m
e
n
o
u
tp
u
t
b
y
2
.
2
5
%
at
th
e
d
r
iv
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
1
2
0
m
A.
T
h
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
B
aSO
4
is
also
an
aly
ze
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
h
az
e
in
ten
s
it
y
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t.
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
r
e
v
ea
l
th
at
t
h
e
r
e
m
o
te
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
with
1
0
m
g
c
m
-
2
B
aSO
4
ca
n
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
lo
west
an
g
u
lar
C
C
T
d
ev
ia
tio
n
lev
el.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
t
o
th
is
,
th
e
y
ello
w
r
in
g
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
i
s
lik
ely
elim
in
ated
with
o
u
t
s
ac
r
if
y
in
g
th
e
li
g
h
tin
g
o
u
tp
u
t.
Hen
ce
,
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
ca
n
u
s
e
1
0
m
g
cm
-
2
B
aSO
4
in
th
e
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
to
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
W
L
E
D
g
en
er
atio
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
H.
S
.
E.
G
h
o
ro
u
ry
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
C
o
lo
r
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
tu
n
a
b
le
wh
it
e
li
g
h
t
b
a
se
d
o
n
m
o
n
o
li
th
ic
c
o
lo
r
-
t
u
n
a
b
l
e
li
g
h
t
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
s,"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
p
p
.
1
2
0
6
-
1
2
1
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
]
H.
Lee
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
P
h
o
sp
h
o
r
-
in
-
g
las
s
with
Nd
-
d
o
p
e
d
g
las
s
fo
r
a
wh
it
e
LE
D
with
a
wid
e
c
o
lo
r
g
a
m
u
t
,
"
O
p
t.
L
e
tt
,
v
o
l
.
4
3
,
p
p
.
6
2
7
-
6
3
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
Y.
Tan
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
lu
m
in
o
u
s
e
ffica
c
y
fo
r
LE
D l
a
m
p
s
b
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
c
in
g
p
o
l
y
a
c
ry
lo
n
it
ril
e
e
lec
tro
sp
in
n
in
g
n
a
n
o
fi
b
e
r
fil
m
,
"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
2
1
,
p
p
.
2
7
7
1
6
-
2
7
7
2
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
W.
G
a
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Co
lo
r
tem
p
e
ra
tu
r
e
tu
n
a
b
le
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
-
c
o
a
ted
wh
i
te
LE
Ds
with
e
x
c
e
ll
e
n
t
p
h
o
to
m
e
tri
c
a
n
d
c
o
l
o
rime
tri
c
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
s,"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
p
p
.
9
3
2
2
-
9
3
2
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
S
.
K.
A
b
e
y
se
k
e
ra
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
c
irca
d
ia
n
t
u
n
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
il
l
u
m
in
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
c
o
lo
r
u
n
ifo
rm
it
y
o
f
a
m
u
lt
ich
a
n
n
e
l
lu
m
in
a
ire wit
h
sp
a
ti
a
ll
y
o
p
ti
m
ize
d
LE
D
p
lac
e
m
e
n
t,
"
Op
t
.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
0
-
1
4
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[6
]
L.
Xia
o
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
S
p
e
c
tral
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
-
c
o
a
ted
w
h
it
e
LE
D
fo
r
ro
a
d
li
g
h
ti
n
g
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
m
e
so
p
ic l
imited
lu
m
in
o
u
s e
ffica
c
y
a
n
d
IES
c
o
lo
r
f
id
e
li
ty
in
d
e
x
,
"
A
p
p
l.
Op
t,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
3
1
-
9
3
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
L.
Ya
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
T
h
e
rm
a
ll
y
sta
b
l
e
lea
d
-
fre
e
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
in
g
las
s
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
li
g
h
t
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
"
Ap
p
l.
O
p
t,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
n
o
.
1
5
,
p
p
.
4
0
9
9
-
4
1
0
4
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
9
.
[8
]
L.
Du
a
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
W
id
e
c
o
lo
r
g
a
m
u
t
d
isp
lay
wit
h
wh
it
e
a
n
d
e
m
e
ra
ld
b
a
c
k
li
g
h
ti
n
g
,
"
Ap
p
l.
Op
t,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
p
p
.
1
3
3
8
-
1
3
4
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
E
ffects o
f B
a
S
O
4
n
a
n
o
-
p
a
r
ticles o
n
th
e
en
h
a
n
ce
men
t
o
f th
e
o
p
tica
l p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
…
(
Hu
u
P
h
u
c
D
a
n
g
)
607
[9
]
S
.
Bin
d
a
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Re
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
-
in
-
g
las
s
th
in
fil
m
o
n
so
d
a
-
li
m
e
sili
c
a
te
g
las
s
with
lo
w
sin
terin
g
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
fo
r
h
i
g
h
c
o
l
o
r
re
n
d
e
rin
g
wh
it
e
L
E
Ds
,
"
Ap
p
l.
O
p
t,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
p
p
.
2
3
7
2
-
2
3
8
1
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
0
]
H.
P
.
H
u
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
W
h
i
te
a
p
p
e
a
r
a
n
c
e
o
f
a
tab
let
d
is
p
lay
u
n
d
e
r
d
iff
e
re
n
t
a
m
b
ien
t
l
ig
h
ti
n
g
c
o
n
d
it
io
n
s,
"
Op
t
.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
0
1
8
-
5
0
3
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
1
]
A.
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Tu
n
a
b
le
wh
it
e
li
g
h
t
e
m
issio
n
o
f
a
larg
e
a
re
a
fi
l
m
-
fo
rm
in
g
m
a
c
ro
m
o
lec
u
lar
c
o
m
p
lex
with
a
h
ig
h
c
o
lo
r
re
n
d
e
ri
n
g
i
n
d
e
x
,
"
O
p
t.
M
a
te
r.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
6
3
5
-
3
6
5
2
,
De
c
.
2
0
1
8
.
[1
2
]
W.
Wan
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Re
d
p
h
o
t
o
l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
t
Eu
3
+
-
d
o
p
e
d
Y2
O3
n
a
n
o
s
p
h
e
re
s fo
r
LE
D
-
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s: S
y
n
th
e
sis
a
n
d
c
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
,
"
Op
t
.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
2
6
,
p
p
.
3
4
8
2
0
-
3
4
8
2
9
,
2
0
1
8.
[1
3
]
T.
Ha
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
S
p
e
c
tral
b
r
o
a
d
e
n
i
n
g
o
f
a
sin
g
le
Ce
3
+
-
d
o
p
e
d
g
a
rn
e
t
b
y
c
h
e
m
ica
l
u
n
it
c
o
su
b
sti
tu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
n
e
a
r
u
lt
ra
v
i
o
let
LE
D,"
Op
t.
M
a
ter
.
Ex
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
p
p
.
3
7
6
1
-
3
7
6
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
4
]
A.
Ullah
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Ho
u
se
h
o
l
d
li
g
h
t
so
u
rc
e
f
o
r
p
o
ten
t
p
h
o
to
-
d
y
n
a
m
ic
a
n
ti
m
icro
b
ial
e
ffe
c
t
a
n
d
w
o
u
n
d
h
e
a
li
n
g
i
n
a
n
in
fe
c
ti
v
e
a
n
ima
l
m
o
d
e
l,
"
Bi
o
me
d
.
Op
t.
Ex
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
6
-
1
0
1
9
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
H.
G
u
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
De
sig
n
o
f
two
-
d
im
e
n
sio
n
a
l
d
i
ffra
c
ti
v
e
o
p
t
ica
l
e
lem
e
n
ts f
o
r
b
e
a
m
sh
a
p
in
g
o
f
m
u
lt
ic
o
lo
r
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
s,"
A
p
p
l
.
Op
t
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
p
p
.
2
6
5
3
-
2
6
5
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
6
]
Z.
Li
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
fli
p
-
c
h
i
p
h
e
ig
h
t
o
n
t
h
e
o
p
ti
c
a
l
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
c
o
n
fo
rm
a
l
wh
it
e
-
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s,"
Op
t.
L
e
tt
,
v
o
l.
4
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
5
-
1
0
1
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
7
]
L.
Qin
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Lu
m
in
a
n
c
e
c
a
lcu
latio
n
m
e
th
o
d
a
c
c
o
u
n
ti
n
g
f
o
r
m
e
so
p
ic
v
isio
n
a
n
d
fo
g
p
e
n
e
trati
o
n
a
b
i
l
it
y
,
"
Ap
p
l.
Op
t
,
v
o
l.
5
9
,
p
p
.
6
8
3
-
6
8
6
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
8
]
G
.
Tan
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Hig
h
d
y
n
a
m
ic
ra
n
g
e
li
q
u
id
c
r
y
sta
l
d
isp
lay
s
wi
th
a
m
in
i
-
LE
D
b
a
c
k
li
g
h
t
,
"
O
p
t.
Exp
r
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
p
p
.
165
72
-
1
6
5
8
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
9
]
B.
Ja
in
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Hig
h
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
e
lec
tro
n
b
lo
c
k
in
g
lay
e
r
-
fre
e
In
G
a
N/
G
a
N
n
a
n
o
wire
wh
it
e
-
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
s,"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
p
p
.
6
6
5
-
6
7
5
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
0
]
L.
Wu
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
H
y
b
ri
d
wa
rm
-
wh
it
e
o
rg
a
n
ic
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
e
v
ice
b
a
se
d
o
n
tan
d
e
m
stru
c
tu
re
,
"
Op
t
.
Ex
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
p
p
.
A
9
9
6
-
A1
0
0
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
1
]
A.
F
e
rre
ro
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
I
n
d
e
x
fo
r
t
h
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
ra
l
p
h
o
to
m
e
tri
c
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
p
h
o
to
m
e
ters
,
"
O
p
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
p
p
.
1
8
6
3
3
-
1
8
6
4
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
2
]
C.
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
All
-
in
o
rg
a
n
ic
s
il
ico
n
wh
it
e
l
ig
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
e
v
ice
with
a
n
e
x
tern
a
l
q
u
a
n
tu
m
e
fficie
n
c
y
o
f
1
.
0
%
,
"
Op
t.
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
p
p
.
1
9
4
-
2
0
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
3
]
Y.
J.
P
a
rk
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
h
i
g
h
l
u
m
in
o
u
s
e
ffica
c
y
re
d
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
-
in
-
g
las
s
fo
r
h
i
g
h
-
p
o
we
r
LE
D
li
g
h
t
i
n
g
sy
ste
m
s u
si
n
g
o
u
r
o
ri
g
in
a
l
lo
w T
g
a
n
d
Ts
g
las
s,"
Op
t.
L
e
tt
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
p
p
.
6
0
5
7
-
6
0
6
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
4
]
H.
Yu
c
e
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
P
h
o
sp
h
o
r
-
b
a
se
d
wh
it
e
LE
D
b
y
v
a
rio
u
s
g
las
sy
p
a
rti
c
les
:
c
o
n
tro
l
o
v
e
r
lu
m
in
o
u
s
e
fficie
n
c
y
,
"
Op
t
.
L
e
tt
,
v
o
l.
4
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
7
9
-
4
8
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
5
]
P
.
Ku
m
a
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
e
x
c
lu
siv
e
-
OR
a
n
d
q
u
ick
re
sp
o
n
se
c
o
d
e
-
b
a
se
d
ima
g
e
e
n
c
ry
p
ti
o
n
t
h
ro
u
g
h
i
n
c
o
h
e
re
n
t
il
lu
m
in
a
ti
o
n
,
"
A
p
p
l.
Op
t,
v
o
l.
5
8
,
p
p
.
1
4
0
8
-
1
4
1
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
6
]
G
.
Xia
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Co
m
p
a
ris
o
n
o
f
M
AP
m
e
th
o
d
with
c
las
sic
a
l
m
e
th
o
d
s
fo
r
b
a
n
d
p
a
ss
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
o
f
wh
it
e
LE
D
sp
e
c
tra,"
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
th
e
O
p
ti
c
c
a
l
S
o
c
iety
o
f
Ame
ric
a
A
,
v
o
l.
3
6
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
7
5
1
-
7
5
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.