T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18,
No.
1,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020,
pp.
191~198
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i1.
13271
191
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
php/T
E
L
K
OM
N
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K
A
S
t
u
d
y on
o
u
t
ag
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f
or
m
a
n
c
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gap
of
t
w
o
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e
s
t
in
at
io
n
s on
CR
-
N
OM
A
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
Hon
g
-
Nhu
Ng
u
ye
n
1
,
Chi
-
B
ao
L
e
2
,
Nha
t
-
T
ien
Ng
u
ye
n
3
,
Din
h
-
T
h
u
an
Do
4
1,
3
Facu
l
t
y
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f
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l
ect
r
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i
cs
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d
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mm
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cat
i
o
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s
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Sai
g
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v
ers
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t
y
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H
o
C
h
i
Mi
n
h
Ci
t
y
,
V
i
et
n
am
2,
4
Facu
l
t
y
o
f
E
l
ect
r
o
n
i
cs
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
In
d
u
s
t
ri
a
l
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
o
f
H
o
Ch
i
Mi
n
h
Ci
t
y
(IU
H
),
H
o
Ch
i
Mi
n
h
C
i
t
y
,
V
i
e
t
n
am
Ar
t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
J
un
2,
2019
R
e
vis
e
d
Nov
11,
2019
Ac
c
e
pted
Nov
30,
2019
N
o
n
-
o
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
mu
l
t
i
p
l
e
acce
s
s
(
N
O
M
A
)
an
d
co
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
rad
i
o
(CR)
are
p
ro
m
i
s
i
n
g
t
o
o
v
erc
o
me
s
p
ect
ra
l
s
carci
t
y
p
r
o
b
l
em
en
co
u
n
t
ere
d
i
n
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
i
mp
l
emen
t
at
i
o
n
s
i
n
w
i
re
l
es
s
co
mm
u
n
i
cat
i
o
n
.
E
s
p
eci
a
l
l
y
,
mas
s
i
v
e
co
n
n
ect
i
v
i
t
y
i
n
s
u
c
h
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
s
s
t
r
i
ct
req
u
i
reme
n
t
i
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
d
ep
l
o
y
me
n
t
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
ai
m
s
t
o
i
m
p
ro
v
e
s
p
ec
t
ral
eff
i
ci
e
n
cy
at
t
w
o
s
eco
n
d
ary
d
e
s
t
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
b
y
i
n
v
es
t
i
g
at
i
n
g
a
CR
-
N
O
MA
n
et
w
o
rk
u
n
d
er
s
i
t
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
erfec
t
s
u
cce
s
s
i
v
e
i
n
t
erfere
n
ce
can
cel
l
at
i
o
n
(SIC).
W
e
al
s
o
d
e
ri
v
e
t
h
e
ex
act
o
u
t
a
g
e
p
ro
b
ab
i
l
i
t
y
fo
r
s
ec
o
n
d
ary
u
s
er
s
.
Fu
rt
h
ermo
re,
an
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
at
e
co
m
p
u
t
at
i
o
n
met
h
o
d
i
s
ap
p
l
i
ed
t
o
i
n
d
i
ca
t
e
mo
re
i
n
s
i
g
h
t
s
.
I
t
i
s
co
n
fi
rme
d
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
erf
o
rman
ce
ac
h
i
e
v
ed
t
o
g
et
h
er
w
i
t
h
p
erf
o
rman
ce
g
ap
amo
n
g
t
w
o
u
s
er
s
can
b
e
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
d
u
e
t
o
d
i
fferen
t
p
o
w
er
a
l
l
o
ca
t
i
o
n
fact
o
r
s
as
s
i
g
n
e
d
t
o
u
s
er
s
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
ds
:
C
ognit
ive
r
a
dio
Non
-
or
thogonal
mul
ti
ple
a
c
c
e
s
s
S
I
C
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
Dinh
-
T
hua
n
Do
,
F
a
c
ult
y
of
E
lec
tr
onics
T
e
c
hnology
,
I
ndus
tr
ial
Unive
r
s
it
y
o
f
Ho
C
hi
M
inh
C
it
y
(
I
UH
)
,
Ho
C
hi
M
inh
C
it
y,
Vie
tnam
.
E
mail:
dodinht
hua
n@iuh
.
e
du.
vn
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
T
he
s
pe
c
tr
a
l
e
f
f
icie
nt
a
nd
e
ne
r
gy
-
e
f
f
icie
nt
r
e
quir
e
ments
a
r
e
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
s
a
ti
s
f
y
the
e
xplos
ive
incr
e
a
s
e
of
mobi
le
us
e
r
in
wir
e
les
s
s
ys
tem
with
high
-
r
a
te
s
e
r
vice
s
.
How
e
ve
r
,
high
s
pe
c
tr
a
l
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
(
S
E
)
c
a
nnot
be
a
c
hieve
d
s
inc
e
the
f
ixed
s
pe
c
tr
um
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on
s
tr
a
tegy
is
a
dopted.
Unf
or
tunate
ly,
30
pe
r
c
e
ntage
s
of
the
li
c
e
ns
e
d
s
pe
c
tr
um
in
the
United
S
tate
s
is
f
ull
y
oc
c
upied
a
s
the
r
e
por
t
f
r
om
the
F
e
de
r
a
l
C
omm
un
ica
ti
ons
C
omm
is
s
ion
[
1]
.
B
y
a
ll
owing
the
pr
im
a
r
y
ne
twor
k
to
s
ha
r
e
it
s
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nd
with
the
s
e
c
onda
r
y
ne
twor
k,
c
ognit
ive
r
a
dio
(
C
R
)
ha
s
be
e
n
s
tudi
e
d
a
nd
he
nc
e
S
E
im
pr
ove
ment
a
c
hieve
d
[
2]
.
I
n
pr
inciple
of
C
R
,
s
pe
c
tr
um
s
ha
r
ing
pa
r
a
digm
pe
r
mi
ts
the
s
e
c
onda
r
y
us
e
r
s
(
S
Us
)
to
ope
r
a
te
togethe
r
with
the
pr
im
a
r
y
us
e
r
s
(
P
Us
)
a
t
the
s
a
me
ba
nd
a
nd
powe
r
c
ons
tr
a
int
mus
t
be
obe
ye
d
to
li
mi
t
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
im
pa
c
t
c
a
us
e
d
by
the
P
U
s
[
3,
4
]
.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
tec
hniques
s
uc
h
a
s
c
e
ll
ular
ne
twor
ks
,
r
e
l
a
y
ne
twor
ks
,
a
nd
wir
e
les
s
s
e
ns
or
ne
twor
ks
,
be
ne
f
it
f
r
om
im
pleme
ntation
of
C
R
to
pr
ov
ide
the
potential
S
E
i
mpr
ove
ment.
T
o
f
ur
the
r
pr
ovide
mas
s
ive
c
onne
c
ti
vit
y,
mor
e
a
d
va
ntage
s
c
a
n
be
a
c
hi
e
ve
d
by
e
mpl
oying
mul
ti
ple
a
c
c
e
s
s
f
or
mobi
le
us
e
r
s
.
I
n
pa
r
ti
c
ular
,
the
ne
two
r
k
a
ll
oc
a
tes
r
e
s
our
c
e
to
us
e
r
s
by
divi
ding
the
to
tal
r
a
dio
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
with
two
unde
r
lyi
ng
tec
hniques
,
i.
e
.
or
thogonal
mul
ti
ple
a
c
c
e
s
s
(
OM
A)
a
nd
non
-
or
t
hogona
l
mul
ti
ple
a
c
c
e
s
s
(
NO
M
A)
.
T
he
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
c
a
n
be
e
li
mi
na
ted
in
OM
A
s
c
he
me
while
NO
M
A
e
mpl
oys
s
uc
c
e
s
s
ive
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
c
a
nc
e
ll
a
ti
on
(
S
I
C
)
tec
hnique
to
a
ll
e
viate
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
r
om
othe
r
us
e
r
s
’
s
ignal
[
5
]
.
B
y
e
xploi
ti
ng
the
us
e
r
s
’
c
ha
nne
l
a
s
ymm
e
tr
y,
NO
M
A
c
a
n
r
e
mar
ka
bly
e
nha
nc
e
the
S
E
a
nd
then
the
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
late
nc
y
c
a
n
be
r
e
duc
e
d
[
5
-
8]
.
T
he
a
uthor
s
in
[
9
]
s
howe
d
that
the
a
c
hieva
ble
r
a
te
r
e
gion
in
the
upli
n
k
NO
M
A
is
im
pr
ove
d
in
c
om
pa
r
is
on
with
OM
A
a
nd
s
uc
h
a
na
lys
is
is
a
dopted
in
wir
e
les
s
powe
r
e
d
c
omm
unica
ti
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
191
-
198
192
(
W
P
C
)
ne
twor
ks
.
I
n
[
10
]
,
main
r
e
s
ult
s
r
e
por
ted
th
a
t
NO
M
A
with
a
dva
ntage
of
im
pr
ove
d
us
e
r
f
a
ir
ne
s
s
a
nd
it
pr
ovide
mor
e
be
ne
f
it
s
c
ompar
e
d
to
OM
A.
I
t
is
f
ur
t
he
r
pr
ove
d
that
NO
M
A
p
e
r
f
or
ms
be
tt
e
r
than
OM
A
in
bo
th
downlink
a
nd
upli
nk
by
a
c
hieving
the
pr
oblem
of
joi
nt
maxi
mi
z
a
ti
on
of
the
downlink/
upli
nk
r
a
t
e
s
while
taking
f
a
ir
ne
s
s
be
twe
e
n
us
e
r
s
is
s
a
ti
s
f
ied
[
11
]
.
I
n
[
12]
,
the
a
uthor
s
p
r
e
s
e
nted
e
ne
r
gy
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
in
wir
e
les
s
powe
r
e
d
NO
M
A
ne
twor
ks
a
nd
s
ys
tem
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
is
e
va
luate
d.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
,
r
e
c
e
nt
wo
r
ks
[
13
-
22]
c
ons
ider
e
d
a
dva
ntage
of
NO
M
A
to
im
pleme
nt
i
n
e
mer
ging
ne
twor
ks
.
I
n
pa
r
ti
c
ular
,
thi
s
pa
pe
r
de
ve
lops
s
ys
tem
ba
s
e
d
on
r
e
s
ult
s
in
[
23
-
25]
.
M
or
e
s
pe
c
if
ic
a
ll
y,
in
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
we
f
o
r
mul
a
te
the
r
e
c
e
ived
s
ignal
a
t
the
s
e
c
onda
r
y
us
e
r
(
S
U)
whic
h
c
a
n
e
xtr
a
c
t
the
da
ta
s
ig
na
l
by
us
ing
S
I
NR
or
S
NR
.
T
he
outage
p
r
oba
bil
it
y
(
OP)
o
f
the
S
U
a
r
e
a
na
lyze
d
in
de
tails
in
ter
ms
of
pr
oba
bi
li
ty
o
f
S
I
NR
a
nd
S
NR
.
T
he
r
e
s
ult
s
s
how
that
C
R
-
NO
M
A
pr
ovide
f
a
ir
n
e
s
s
to
two
us
e
r
s
in
ter
m
of
OP
.
2.
S
YST
E
M
M
ODE
L
W
e
a
s
s
ume
that
the
s
ys
tem
model
with
a
downlink
dua
l
-
hop
unde
r
lay
c
ognit
ive
r
a
dio
–
non
-
or
thogonal
mul
ti
ple
a
c
c
e
s
s
(
C
R
-
NO
M
A)
ne
twor
k
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
1
,
in
whic
h
the
r
e
a
r
e
a
pr
im
a
r
y
de
s
ti
na
ti
on
(
P
D
)
who
is
loca
t
e
d
in
pr
im
a
r
y
ne
two
r
k
(
P
N)
,
a
s
e
c
onda
r
y
s
our
c
e
(
BS
)
,
a
r
e
lay
(
R
)
ope
r
a
ti
ng
in
ha
lf
-
duplex
mode
a
nd
two
de
s
ti
na
ti
on
us
e
r
s
(
U
1
;
U
2
)
.
T
he
wi
r
e
les
s
c
ha
nne
ls
f
oll
ow
R
a
yleigh
f
a
ding
-
c
ha
nne
l
with
c
ha
nne
l
ga
in
.
T
he
s
e
c
ha
nne
ls
a
s
s
igned
a
s
in
F
igur
e
1
a
r
e
h
0
,
h
1
,
g
1
a
nd
g
2
,
a
r
e
indepe
nde
nt
a
nd
identica
ll
y
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
(
i
.
i
.
d.
)
z
e
r
o
-
mea
n
c
ompl
e
x
Ga
us
s
ian
r
a
ndom
va
r
iable
s
(
R
Vs
)
.
S
ingl
e
a
ntenna
is
a
s
s
umed
a
t
e
a
c
h
node
.
I
n
thi
s
s
c
e
na
r
io,
a
pe
r
f
e
c
t
c
ha
nne
l
s
tate
in
f
or
mation
(
C
S
I
)
is
a
dopted.
As
F
igur
e
1
,
the
dis
tanc
e
s
be
twe
e
n
node
s
a
r
e
de
noted
by
h
0
,
h
1
,
g
1
a
nd
g
2
.
I
n
C
R
-
NO
M
A,
the
B
S
make
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
to
P
D.
I
t
is
noted
that
R
r
e
qui
r
e
s
de
c
ode
-
a
nd
-
f
or
wa
r
d
(
DF
)
mode
to
f
o
r
wa
r
d
s
ignal
to
f
a
r
us
e
r
s
.
I
t
is
a
s
s
umed
that
R
is
plac
e
d
ve
r
y
f
a
r
f
r
om
the
tr
a
ns
mi
t
pr
im
a
r
y
s
our
c
e
P
D
a
nd
he
nc
e
it
c
a
nnot
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
with
the
pr
im
a
r
y
ne
twor
k
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
1.
T
he
po
we
r
c
ons
tr
a
int
f
or
ope
r
a
ti
ons
of
both
pr
im
a
r
y
ne
t
wor
k
a
nd
s
e
c
onda
r
y
ne
twor
k
is
c
ons
ider
e
d
in
thi
s
c
ontext
.
BS
U
2
g
1
U
1
g
2
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
l
i
n
k
I
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
l
i
n
k
R
P
D
h
1
h
0
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
P
r
i
m
a
r
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
F
igur
e
1.
NO
M
A
in
c
ognit
ive
r
a
dio
ne
two
r
k
T
he
tr
a
ns
mi
t
powe
r
a
t
s
e
c
onda
r
y
s
our
c
e
is
s
e
t
ba
s
e
d
on
c
ons
tr
a
int
a
s
a
bove
c
ons
ider
a
ti
on
≤
(
|
ℎ
0
|
2
,
̄
)
(
1)
whe
r
e
̄
a
nd
is
de
noted
a
s
the
maximum
a
ve
r
a
ge
tr
a
ns
mi
t
powe
r
a
va
il
a
ble
a
t
a
nd
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
tempe
r
a
tur
e
c
ons
tr
a
int
(
I
T
C
)
a
t
,
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
W
e
c
a
ll
1
,
2
a
s
powe
r
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on
f
a
c
tor
s
.
I
n
the
f
i
r
s
t
ti
me
s
lot
,
R
r
e
c
e
ived
the
f
oll
owing
s
ignal
(
)
=
ℎ
1
[
√
1
1
(
)
+
√
2
2
(
)
]
+
(
)
(
2)
whe
r
e
ℎ
0
~
(
0
,
ℎ
0
)
,
ℎ
1
~
(
0
,
ℎ
1
)
,
~
(
0
,
2
)
,
i
t
is
a
s
s
umed
that
1
>
2
nd
1
+
2
=
1
.
B
y
us
ing
NO
M
A,
to
de
tec
t
s
ignal
s
2
R
de
c
ode
s
a
n
d
r
e
moves
s
1
f
r
om
the
r
e
c
e
ived
s
ignal.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
it
ne
e
d
be
de
ter
mi
ne
d
the
s
ignal
-
to
-
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
-
p
lus
nois
e
r
a
ti
o
(
S
I
NR
)
a
nd
s
ignal
-
to
-
nois
e
r
a
ti
o
(
S
NR
)
to
de
tec
t
s
1
a
nd
s
2
a
t
R
a
s
f
oll
ows
,
1
=
1
|
ℎ
1
|
2
2
|
ℎ
1
|
2
+
1
(
3)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
Study
on
outage
pe
r
for
manc
e
gap
of
tw
o
de
s
ti
nati
ons
on
C
R
-
N
OM
A
ne
tw
or
k
(
Hong
-
N
hu
N
guy
e
n)
193
whe
r
e
=
2
,
2
=
2
|
ℎ
1
|
2
(
4)
T
he
n,
withi
n
the
s
e
c
ond
s
lot
,
R
f
o
r
wa
r
ds
the
de
tec
ted
s
upe
r
im
pos
e
d
s
ignal
√
1
̃
1
(
)
+
√
2
̃
2
(
)
,
whe
r
e
P
R
is
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
powe
r
a
t
R
,
̃
1
(
)
a
nd
̃
2
(
)
a
r
e
the
de
tec
ted
a
nd
f
or
wa
r
de
d
da
ta
to
the
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
r
e
c
e
iver
s
.
T
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
U
i
r
e
c
e
ives
the
f
oll
owing
s
ignal:
(
)
=
[
√
1
̃
1
(
)
+
√
2
̃
2
(
)
]
+
(
)
(
5)
whe
r
e
∈
{
1
,
2
}
,
~
(
0
,
)
a
nd
~
(
0
,
2
)
.
F
ur
ther
mo
r
e
,
U
2
im
pleme
nts
S
I
C
by
de
tec
ti
ng
̃
1
(
)
while
c
ons
ider
ing
it
s
own
da
ta
̃
2
(
)
a
s
a
nois
e
.
T
he
S
I
N
R
of
whic
h
c
a
n
be
wr
it
ten
a
s
:
2
,
1
=
1
|
2
|
2
2
|
2
|
2
+
1
(
6)
whe
r
e
=
2
.
T
he
n,
by
a
ll
e
viate
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
e
xis
ti
ng
in
(
6)
it
c
a
n
be
de
tec
ted
the
r
e
maining
s
ignal.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
to
de
tec
ts
it
s
own
s
ignal
a
t
U
2
,
S
NR
is
given
by
2
,
2
=
2
|
2
|
2
(
7)
I
t
is
wor
th
noti
ng
that
U
1
is
a
ll
oc
a
ted
with
higher
powe
r
f
a
c
tor
,
s
1
ha
s
h
igher
p
r
ior
it
y
to
de
tec
t
c
omp
a
r
e
d
with
r
e
maining
s
ignal,
then
S
I
NR
is
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
by
1
,
1
=
1
|
1
|
2
2
|
1
|
2
+
1
(
8)
3.
P
E
RF
ORM
AN
CE
AN
AL
YSI
S
AN
D
NU
M
E
RI
CA
L
RE
S
UL
T
S
3.
1.
Ou
t
age
p
r
ob
ab
i
li
t
y
an
alys
is
at
u
s
e
r
1
I
n
thi
s
s
e
c
ti
on,
we
e
xa
mi
ne
the
outage
p
r
oba
bil
it
y
(
OP)
f
or
s
1
a
nd
s
2
.
I
n
[
10
-
13]
,
the
OP
of
a
s
ignal
is
de
f
ined
a
s
the
p
r
oba
bil
it
y
that
the
a
c
hieva
ble
r
a
te
is
be
low
than
a
pr
e
de
f
ined
r
a
te
thr
e
s
hold
ℎ
,
i.
e
.
,
1
=
[
1
<
ℎ
]
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
the
OP
of
s
1
c
a
n
be
de
r
ived
a
s
:
(
)
(
)
(
)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
,
,
1
,
1
,
1
22
1
1
1
1
11
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
0
22
1
1
1
1
11
2
2
2
2
2
1
0
2
1
0
Pr
m
in
,
1
Pr
,
1
Pr
,
,
11
Pr
,
,
1
U
R
s
R
U
s
R
s
R
U
s
B
S
R
I
BS
B
S
R
A
IR
I
BS
IR
a
h
a
g
a
h
a
g
h
a
h
a
g
a
h
h
a
g
h
=
=
−
=
−
++
+
++
2
A
(
9)
whe
r
e
=
2
a
nd
1
=
2
2
1
−
1
is
S
NR
r
e
late
d
to
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
nd
S
N
R
r
e
late
d
to
tar
ge
t
r
a
te
1
of
us
e
r
1
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
B
a
s
e
d
on
dis
tr
ibut
ion
f
unc
ti
ons
of
wi
r
e
les
s
c
ha
nne
ls
,
it
c
a
n
be
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
:
(
)
(
)
(
)
2
2
2
11
0
11
0
2
2
2
1
1
1
0
0
Pr
,
,
1
I
BS
B
S
R
I
B
S
h
R
g
B
S
h
I
hg
h
B
S
R
B
S
A
h
g
h
f
x
d
x
f
y
d
y
f
z
d
z
ee
−−
−
=
=
=
−
(
10)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
191
-
198
194
whe
r
e
=
1
(
1
−
1
2
)
.
I
n
s
im
il
a
r
wa
y,
it
c
a
n
be
c
omput
e
d
the
s
e
c
ond
pa
r
t
o
f
(
9
)
a
s
:
(
)
(
)
(
)
2
2
2
11
0
1
0
1
1
01
2
2
2
2
0
2
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
P
r
,
,
11
I
RI
S
I
g
B
S
h
I
h
R
g
h
I
h
I
R
BS
I
gh
h
y
I
R
B
S
x
y
Ih
g
h
I
h
h
h
A
h
g
h
f
x
dx
f
y
f
z
dy
dz
e
dx
e
dy
e
−
−
+
−
−+
=
=
==
+
(
11)
b
y
r
e
plac
ing
(
9
)
by
(
10)
a
nd
(
11)
,
(
9
)
c
a
n
be
r
e
-
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
:
1
=
1
−
[
−
̄
ℎ
1
−
(
1
−
−
̄
ℎ
0
)
+
ℎ
1
ℎ
1
+
ℎ
0
−
̄
(
1
ℎ
0
+
ℎ
1
)
−
1
]
(
12)
i
t
is
noted
that
the
a
bove
f
or
mul
a
is
c
or
r
e
c
t
whe
n
1
>
1
2
.
3.
2
.
Ou
t
age
p
r
ob
ab
i
li
t
y
an
alys
is
if
p
e
r
f
e
c
t
S
I
C
at
u
s
e
r
2
S
im
il
a
r
to
the
s
ignal
s
1
,
a
t
us
e
r
1
,
the
OP
o
f
the
s
ignal
s
2
c
a
n
be
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
:
(
)
(
)
(
)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
,
,
2
,
2
,
2
22
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
0
2
2
21
2
2
2
2
22
00
Pr
m
in
,
1
Pr
,
1
Pr
,
,
Pr
,
,
p
S
I
C
U
R
x
R
U
x
R
x
R
U
x
I
B
S
R
B
S
B
I
I
R
B
S
B
a
h
a
g
h
ah
ag
hh
=
=
−
=
−
+
(
13)
whe
r
e
2
=
2
2
2
−
1
with
2
c
or
r
e
s
ponding
tar
ge
t
r
a
te
of
2
.
T
he
f
ir
s
t
pa
r
t
a
nd
the
s
e
c
ond
pa
r
t
of
(
13
)
c
a
n
be
f
ur
ther
c
omput
e
d
by:
(
)
(
)
(
)
22
1
2
2
2
0
2
2
2
12
0
22
22
2
2
2
22
1
1
2
0
22
0
Pr
,
,
1
I
I
BS
B
S
h
R
g
B
S
h
B
S
R
I
B
S
R
B
S
aa
hg
h
aa
B
h
g
h
aa
f
x
d
x
f
y
d
y
f
z
d
z
e
e
−−
−
=
=
=
−
(
14)
t
he
n,
other
ter
m
c
a
n
be
given
a
s
:
(
)
(
)
(
)
2
2
2
21
0
22
22
2
2
2
0
1
2
0
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20
2
2
1
2
0
22
1
1
12
2
0
1
2
2
0
P
r
,
,
11
I
R
B
S
I
I
g
B
S
h
I
h
h
I
h
I
R
B
S
I
gh
h
y
I
R
B
S
aa
x
y
a
a
Ih
g
h
I
h
h
a
h
B
h
g
h
f
x
dx
f
y
f
z
dy
dz
aa
a
e
dx
e
dy
e
a
−
−
+
−+
=
=
==
+
2
22
Rg
a
−
(
15)
b
y
s
ubs
ti
tut
ing
(
15)
a
nd
(
14
)
in
to
(
13
)
,
(
13)
c
a
n
be
r
e
wr
it
ten
a
s
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
Study
on
outage
pe
r
for
manc
e
gap
of
tw
o
de
s
ti
nati
ons
on
C
R
-
N
OM
A
ne
tw
or
k
(
Hong
-
N
hu
N
guy
e
n)
195
2
=
1
−
[
−
2
̄
ℎ
1
2
−
2
2
2
(
1
−
−
̄
ℎ
0
)
+
ℎ
1
2
ℎ
1
2
+
2
ℎ
0
−
̄
(
1
ℎ
0
+
2
ℎ
1
2
)
−
2
2
2
]
(
16)
3.
3
.
Ou
t
age
an
alys
is
if
im
p
e
r
f
e
c
t
S
I
C
at
u
s
e
r
2
T
he
S
I
NR
a
nd
s
ignal
-
to
-
nois
e
r
a
ti
o
(
S
NR
)
of
de
c
oding
s
2
a
t
R
a
nd
a
t
de
s
ti
na
ti
on
2
c
a
n
be
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly
wr
it
ten
a
s
:
,
2
=
2
|
ℎ
1
|
2
|
1
|
2
+
1
(
17)
2
,
2
=
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
+
1
(
18)
t
he
n,
the
OP
in
c
a
s
e
of
im
pe
r
f
e
c
t
S
I
C
a
t
2
c
a
n
be
c
a
lcula
ted
by:
(
)
(
)
(
)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
,
,
2
,
2
,
2
22
2
1
2
2
22
2
2
2
1
2
0
22
2
1
2
2
22
2
2
2
2
1
0
2
0
Pr
m
in
,
1
Pr
,
1
Pr
,
,
11
Pr
,
,
1
ip
S
I
C
U
R
x
R
D
x
R
x
R
D
x
B
S
R
I
BS
B
S
R
C
IR
I
BS
IR
a
h
a
g
f
f
h
a
h
a
g
f
h
f
h
=
=
−
=
−
++
+
++
2
C
(
19)
s
im
il
a
r
ly,
(
19)
c
a
n
be
r
e
wr
it
ten
a
s
:
(
)
22
1
2
2
2
0
2
22
0
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
21
02
2
2
2
2
2
2
22
1
1
1
1
11
I
h
B
S
R
g
B
S
h
I
B
S
h
B
S
R
g
aa
ff
ip
S
I
C
U
hg
aa
f
h
f
R
R
g
R
g
I
ee
aa
a
a
e
aa
−
−
−−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
=
−
−
+
+
+
+
+
+
(
20)
3.
4
.
As
ym
p
t
o
t
ic
an
alys
is
T
his
pa
r
t
pr
ovides
a
ppr
oxim
a
te
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
a
s
e
xtr
a
ins
ight
s
in
our
c
onis
de
r
e
d
s
ys
tem
.
W
he
n
→
∞
,
it
c
a
n
be
a
ppli
e
d
−
≈
1
−
,
then
a
ppr
oxim
a
te
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
c
a
n
be
a
r
c
hived
a
s
be
low.
T
he
a
ppr
oxim
a
te
OP
of
us
e
r
1
c
a
n
be
given
by:
,
1
∞
=
1
−
[
(
1
−
̄
ℎ
1
−
)
̄
ℎ
0
+
ℎ
1
ℎ
1
+
ℎ
0
(
1
−
ℎ
0
̄
−
̄
ℎ
1
−
1
)
]
(
21)
t
he
a
ppr
oxim
a
te
OP
of
us
e
r
2
in
c
a
s
e
of
pe
r
f
e
c
t
S
I
C
c
a
n
be
given
by:
2
,
22
,
1
2
2
2
0
12
22
1
2
2
0
0
1
2
2
2
11
1
p
S
I
C
I
a
s
y
m
U
B
S
h
R
g
B
S
h
Ih
II
I
h
h
h
B
S
I
B
S
h
R
g
aa
a
a
a
a
=
−
−
−
+
−
−
−
+
(
22)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
191
-
198
196
t
he
a
ppr
oxim
a
te
OP
of
us
e
r
2
in
c
a
s
e
of
im
pe
r
f
e
c
t
S
I
C
c
a
n
be
f
or
mul
a
ted
by:
(
)
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
,
22
,
0
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
21
02
2
2
2
2
22
22
22
0
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
11
1
ff
ip
S
I
C
I
a
s
y
m
U
B
S
h
h
B
S
R
g
h
g
f
h
f
R
R
g
I
I
Rg
B
S
h
B
S
R
g
a
a
a
a
a
aa
a
aa
−
−
−
−
−
=
−
−
−
+
+
+
+
+
+
−
−
−
(
23)
3.
5
.
T
h
r
ou
gh
p
u
t
I
n
ter
m
of
thr
oughput
,
e
a
c
h
us
e
r
c
a
n
be
s
hown
thr
o
ughput
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
a
s
:
⋆
=
(
1
−
⋆
)
⋆
(
24)
whe
r
e
⋆
∈
{
1
,
2
}
.
4.
NU
M
E
RI
C
AL
RE
S
UL
T
S
I
n
thi
s
s
e
c
ti
on,
we
e
va
luate
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
o
f
C
R
-
NO
M
A,
we
s
e
t
powe
r
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on
f
a
c
tor
s
1
=
0
.
8
a
nd
2
=
0
.
2
, t
he
tar
ge
t
r
a
te
is
s
e
t
to
be
1
=
1
a
nd
2
=
1
.
5
,
the
c
ha
nne
l
ga
ins
ℎ0
=
1
,
ℎ1
=
1
,
1
=
1
,
2
=
0
.
4
,
1
=
2
=
0
.
001
.
I
nter
f
e
r
e
nc
e
be
twe
e
n
P
N
a
nd
S
NR
is
=
40
.
F
igu
r
e
2
a
nd
F
igur
e
3
plot
the
OP
of
two
s
e
c
onda
r
y
de
s
ti
na
ti
ons
,
a
s
va
r
ying
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
leve
l
a
nd
powe
r
a
ll
o
c
a
ti
on
f
a
c
tor
,
tr
a
ns
mi
t
S
NR
.
Outa
ge
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
of
1
is
be
tt
e
r
than
that
of
2
.
I
t
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
tha
t
whe
n
higher
tr
a
ns
mi
t
S
NR
is
r
e
quir
e
d,
outage
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
will
be
im
pr
ove
d
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
a
t
c
ons
ider
e
d
r
a
nge
of
S
NR
a
nd
OP
mee
ts
s
a
tur
a
ti
on
tr
e
nd
a
s
S
NR
is
f
r
o
m
50
(
dB
)
to
60
(
dB
)
.
T
he
a
s
ympt
oti
c
c
ur
ve
s
matc
h
with
the
a
na
lyt
ica
l
c
ur
ve
s
ve
r
y
we
ll
a
t
h
igh
S
NR
.
T
his
output
c
onf
i
r
ms
e
xa
c
t
a
ppr
oxim
a
te
e
xpr
e
s
s
ions
of
outage
pr
oba
bil
i
ty
a
r
c
hived
f
or
two
us
e
r
s
.
I
t
is
int
ui
ti
ve
ly
s
e
e
n
that
no
I
T
C
c
a
s
e
e
xhibi
ts
lowe
s
t
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
s
ince
no
ha
r
mf
ul
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
r
om
the
P
N
e
xis
ts
.
I
t
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
ga
p
of
th
e
s
e
c
a
s
e
s
with
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
da
t
a
r
a
te
is
s
mall,
it
e
xhibi
t
a
c
c
e
ptanc
e
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
f
or
s
uc
h
NO
M
A
with
a
c
c
e
ptable
s
mall
va
lue
o
f
tar
ge
t
r
a
t
e
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
,
M
onte
-
C
a
r
lo
s
im
ulation
r
e
s
ult
s
ma
tch
with
a
na
lyt
ica
l
r
e
s
ult
s
ve
r
y
we
ll
in
whole
r
a
nge
of
S
N
R
.
F
igur
e
4
p
r
o
ve
d
that
h
igher
r
a
te
r
e
s
ult
in
wor
s
t
c
a
s
e
of
outage
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion,
a
s
obs
e
r
va
ti
on
f
r
om
F
igur
e
5,
thr
oughput
is
high
a
t
high
S
NR
a
nd
h
igh
.
F
igur
e
2.
Outa
ge
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
ve
r
s
us
S
NR
a
t
s
e
c
onda
r
y
s
our
c
e
F
igur
e
3.
I
mpac
t
of
I
T
C
on
outage
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
ve
r
s
us
S
NR
a
t
s
e
c
onda
r
y
s
our
c
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
Study
on
outage
pe
r
for
manc
e
gap
of
tw
o
de
s
ti
nati
ons
on
C
R
-
N
OM
A
ne
tw
or
k
(
Hong
-
N
hu
N
guy
e
n)
197
F
igur
e
4.
Outa
ge
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
ve
r
s
us
tar
ge
t
r
a
tes
,
with
=
20
(
)
,
1
=
0
.
9
a
nd
2
=
0
.
1
F
igur
e
5.
T
h
r
oughput
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
5.
CONC
L
USI
ON
I
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
C
R
-
NO
M
A
ne
twor
ks
ove
r
R
a
y
leigh
f
a
ding
c
ha
nne
ls
is
s
tudi
e
d
by
e
xplor
ing
the
e
nd
-
to
-
e
nd
c
los
e
d
-
f
or
m
e
xpr
e
s
s
ions
to
indi
c
a
te
outage
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
.
T
o
c
ompar
e
the
outage
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
of
two
s
e
c
onda
r
y
de
s
ti
na
ti
ons
,
we
de
r
ived
e
xpr
e
s
s
ions
of
outage
pr
oba
bil
it
y
a
nd
then
nu
mer
ica
l
r
e
s
ult
s
a
r
e
pr
ovided
p
e
r
f
o
r
manc
e
c
ompar
is
ons
of
two
us
e
r
s
i
n
C
R
-
NO
M
A
ne
twor
k.
As
main
r
e
s
ult
,
the
f
a
ir
ne
s
s
of
two
us
e
r
s
is
s
a
ti
s
f
ied
a
s
in
numer
ica
l
r
e
s
ult
s
by
the
pr
ope
r
s
e
lec
ti
on
of
powe
r
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on
f
a
c
tor
s
.
Othe
r
c
ondit
ion
is
that
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
to
p
r
im
a
r
y
ne
twor
k
c
a
n
be
c
ons
t
r
a
ined.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
c
ompar
is
on
r
e
s
ult
s
of
the
outage
be
ha
vior
s
howe
d
that
1
pe
r
f
or
ms
be
tt
e
r
than
2
in
c
ons
ider
e
d
s
c
e
na
r
ios
.
F
inally,
in
the
f
utur
e
wo
r
k,
we
wil
l
c
ons
ider
mul
ti
ple
us
e
r
s
who
ope
r
a
te
in
manne
r
of
C
R
-
NO
M
A
ne
twor
k.
AC
KNOWL
E
DGE
M
E
NT
S
T
he
a
uthor
s
would
li
ke
to
thank
the
a
nony
mous
r
e
view
s
f
o
r
the
he
lp
f
ul
c
omm
e
nts
a
nd
s
ugge
s
ti
ons
.
T
his
wor
k
is
a
pa
r
t
o
f
the
ba
s
ic
s
c
ienc
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pr
ogr
a
m
C
S
2019
-
42
f
unde
d
by
th
e
S
a
igon
Unive
r
s
it
y.
C
or
r
e
s
ponde
nc
e
s
hould
be
a
ddr
e
s
s
e
d
to
Dinh
-
T
hua
n
Do
(
dodinh
t
hua
n@iuh.
e
du.
vn
)
.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
Fed
eral
Co
mm
u
n
i
cat
i
o
n
s
Co
mm
i
s
i
o
n
s
,
“Faci
l
i
t
a
t
i
n
g
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
fo
r
fl
ex
i
b
l
e,
effi
ci
en
t
,
an
d
rel
i
ab
l
e
s
p
ec
t
ru
m
u
s
e
emp
l
o
y
i
n
g
co
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
ra
d
i
o
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
es
,
”
W
as
h
i
n
g
t
o
n
,
D
C,
U
SA
,
T
ech
.
Rep
.
FCC
0
2
-
1
5
5
,
[O
n
l
i
n
e],
A
v
ai
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
fcc.
g
o
v
/
d
o
c
u
men
t
/
fac
i
l
i
t
a
t
i
n
g
-
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
i
t
i
e
s
-
fl
ex
i
b
l
e
-
effi
c
i
en
t
-
an
d
-
rel
i
ab
l
e
-
s
p
ect
r
u
m
-
1
,
2
0
0
3
.
[2
]
J
.
Mi
t
o
l
a
an
d
G
.
Q
.
Mag
u
i
re,
"
Co
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
rad
i
o
:
ma
k
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
w
are
rad
i
o
s
mo
re
p
ers
o
n
al
,
"
i
n
IE
E
E
P
er
s
o
n
a
l
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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6930
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Vol.
18
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1
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2020
:
191
-
198
198
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