TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol.12, No
.3, Septembe
r 2014, pp. 6
57~664
ISSN: 1693-6
930,
accredited
A
by DIKTI, De
cree No: 58/DIK
T
I/Kep/2013
DOI
:
10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v12i3.104
657
Re
cei
v
ed Fe
brua
ry 8, 201
4; Revi
se
d
May 6, 201
4; Accepted
Jun
e
2, 2014
Open Source Based M-
Learning Application for
Supporting Distance Learning
Arief
Hida
y
a
t, Victor Ga
y
uh Utomo
ST
IMIK ProVisi, Semarang, In
don
esia
T
e
lp. +
62-24-3
510
82
7
e-mail: rifmil
len
i
a@gm
ail.c
o
m
A
b
st
r
a
ct
T
he co
ncept
of lear
ni
ng
anyw
here
an
d a
n
yti
m
e
is
una
bl
e to be
fully
i
m
p
l
emente
d
b
e
ca
use us
e
r
nee
d to fin
d
c
o
mfort
abl
e pl
a
c
e, w
h
ich is re
quir
ed, to
fol
l
o
w
the study. User is u
nab
le t
o
access
le
arn
i
n
g
mater
i
al i
n
a w
a
y that practic
a
l, easy to use
and easy
to a
ccess. Based
on that fa
ct, system or ap
plic
ation
for mo
bi
le d
e
v
i
ce suc
h
as
h
and
ph
one, P
D
A or s
m
art p
hon
e is n
e
e
d
e
d
.T
he
m-le
arni
ng a
ppl
icati
o
n
is
deve
l
op
ed by
Computer-Ba
s
ed System
Engi
neer
in
g
Method b
a
se
d on the pri
n
cip
a
l of
soft
w
a
re
eng
ine
e
ri
ng us
ing d
e
vel
o
p
m
e
n
t steps of System Dev
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t Life Cycl
e (SDLC). SD
LC consists of
the
follow
i
n
g
steps
, analys
is, desi
gn, i
m
pl
e
m
e
n
tation, testin
g
a
nd ev
alu
a
tio
n
. T
r
ials as a
l
p
h
a
-
test, carried o
u
t t
o
deter
m
i
ne operability
of m
-
learning
system
on handheld devic
es.
Trial is
taken by
cr
eat
ing trial class
follow
ed
by 2
5
students to r
e
ceive fe
ed
back
abo
ut t
he
m-l
earn
i
ng syst
e
m
. Fee
dback r
e
sult sh
ow
s al
most
90% of resp
on
dents cons
id
er the m-l
ear
nin
g
system is e
a
sy
to use.
Ke
y
w
ords
: mo
bile l
ear
nin
g
, o
pen so
urce, dis
t
ance le
arni
ng
1. Introduc
tion
Conve
n
tional
learning
a
c
tivities still
pl
ay
an im
po
rtant rol
e
in
the le
arni
ng
pro
c
e
s
s,
esp
e
ci
ally
in terms
of kno
w
led
ge deliv
ery
effe
ctiven
ess, commu
n
i
cation
an
d in
teractio
n
am
ong
individual
s.
This ki
nd
of lea
r
ning
a
c
tivities
ena
bl
es direct co
mmuni
cation
and
inte
ra
ction
betwe
en
stud
ents a
nd fa
cu
lty and amo
n
g
the
stude
nt
s them
selve
s
.
Und
e
r th
e co
ndition, conte
n
t
delivery, feed
back, qu
estio
n
and di
alog
ue may o
c
cu
r in a lively manne
r. Visu
alizatio
n cle
a
r
ly
defined le
arni
ng pro
c
e
s
s th
roug
h a varie
t
y of media.
Visual, verb
al
, gesture or facial exp
r
e
ssi
on
contri
bute to determi
ne the
understan
din
g
of the pro
c
e
s
ses of lea
r
ni
ng activities t
hat take pla
c
e.
The m
a
in d
r
a
w
ba
ck of the
conve
n
tional l
earni
ng i
s
th
e
limited u
s
e
o
f
time. The li
mitation
is asso
ciated
with class ro
om
distrib
u
tio
n
and provi
s
i
on and al
so in cre
a
ting cla
ss
sch
edul
e for
the profe
s
so
rs o
r
tea
c
h
e
r
s. Sin
c
e th
e activi
ties i
n
volve vario
u
s
stakehol
d
e
rs, e
s
p
e
ci
al
ly
profe
s
sors or teache
rs an
d student
s, it is nec
e
s
sary
to have a shared
commit
m
ent to cond
uct
the learning
activities at a
spe
c
ific time
and pla
c
e. T
he situatio
n i
s
con
s
ide
r
ed
inflexible wh
ich
lead
s to the very limited a
m
ount of time for learni
ng a
c
tivities.
The ra
pid de
velopment of
today inform
ation
tech
nol
ogy put it as the fastest a
nd mo
st
effective dat
a commu
nica
tion technol
o
g
y and
information d
e
live
r
y technolo
g
y. Moreove
r
,
the
future of e
d
u
c
ation
will b
e
determi
ned
by the info
rm
ation net
work that allows i
n
tera
ction a
n
d
colla
boration.
ICTs h
a
ve e
norm
o
u
s
ben
efits in every
fi
eld of life
whe
r
e it ha
s been em
plo
y
ed. The
edu
cation se
ctor ha
s ben
efitted a lot from t
he ICT
s
in develope
d worl
d whe
r
eas devel
opi
ng
cou
n
trie
s are on the way to
fully integrat
e it into their edu
cation
systems [1].
In 201
3, Lia
o
and
Liu
p
r
op
ose
d
a
n
o
n
lin
e codin
g
fra
m
ewo
r
k n
a
m
ed a
s
Gmei,
so th
at a
stude
nt can
edit hi
s/her code i
n
a
n
y b
r
owse
r, exe
c
utes it, a
nd t
hen
analy
z
e
s
it. This ne
wl
y
prop
osed fra
m
ewo
r
k co
nn
ects te
achers, curric
ulum
authors, an
d
student
s in
a uniqu
e social
experie
nce, tracking
and
st
reami
ng p
r
o
g
r
ess
upd
ates in real time.
Espe
cially, fo
r the
co
urse
of
desi
gn an
d a
nalysi
s
of co
mputer al
gorit
hms, th
ro
ugh
usin
g this fra
m
ewo
r
k, the teachers can find
intere
sting a
n
d
unexpe
cted
input value
s
that hel
p
stu
dents
to und
ersta
nd what
their
code
s are
actually doi
n
g
. The real
fun start
s
wi
th codi
n
g
in
stacnces
wh
ere stu
dent
s write co
de
to
impleme
n
t th
e tea
c
he
r’s specifi
c
ation
s
about th
e typi
cal
algo
rithm
s
in
compute
r
scien
c
e,
su
ch a
s
gree
dy algo
rithm, backtra
ce and dynami
c
a prog
ramin
g
[2].
In nowa
days
worl
d of edu
cation, there
a
r
e so
me d
e
ve
lopment in e
-
l
earni
ng
syste
m
, that
is a le
arning
system th
at may co
ndu
ct
ed remotely
, meanin
g
not
requi
re fa
ce
-t
o-face inte
ra
ction
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 12, No. 3, September 20
14: 65
7 – 664
658
betwe
en tea
c
he
rs
and le
arne
rs. In line with the ra
pid advan
ce
of techn
o
log
y
in the field of
mobile a
nd wirele
ss , it cre
a
ted an o
ppo
rtunity for
ne
w re
se
arch fi
eld , whi
c
h is referred to a
s
'
mobile lea
r
ni
ng ' ( m -lea
rn
ing ) [3] .
Mobile l
earni
ng may
defin
ed a
s
a
facili
ty or
service
that provid
es gen
eral
information
electroni
cally
to the learner a
nd the
edu
cati
onal
conte
n
t whi
c
h h
e
lp
s the
achi
evemen
t of
kno
w
le
dge
without que
stio
n the lo
catio
n
and tim
e
[4]. The mobil
e
learning
sy
stem utili
ze t
he
mobility nature of handhel
d device / m
obile ,
such
as m
ob
ile
phones and PDAs
, to provide a
learni
ng fun
c
tion that can b
e
perfo
rmed
anywh
ere a
n
d
anytime.
The i
n
crea
sin
g
nu
mbe
r
of
wirel
e
ss
networks,
typ
e
s
of s
e
r
v
ic
es
, and
mob
ile
de
vic
e
s
is
expecte
d to encourage th
e developm
e
n
t of m-lear
n
i
ng syste
m
s
in the future.
Having a
cell
phon
e an
d
a su
bscriptio
n
to on
e of
the mobil
e
operators h
a
s
be
co
me
something
tha
t
is
affordabl
e an
d often has b
e
com
e
a lifestyle of peopl
e acro
ss so
cie
t
ies. In
addition, the features
and fun
c
tion
a
lity offered by the mobile
p
hone i
s
al
so
more
com
p
let
e
and
so
phi
sticated
so th
at in
the future m
obile ph
one
is expe
cted
to be an
alt
e
rnative to the us
e of a
PC (Perso
n
a
l
Comp
uter). This is al
so suppo
rted by the fa
ster ne
twork and conne
ctivity th
at enable
s
the
interconn
ecti
on of
data
an
d multime
d
ia,
not
only limit
ed to
voice
a
nd text, in th
e
high
er spee
d
of
data tran
sfer
rate.
Comp
ared to
e-l
earning
th
at re
quires u
s
ers to
d
eal
with a
statio
n
a
ry PC
conn
ected
to
the internet,
m -le
a
rni
ng
al
lows u
s
e
r
s to
intera
ct
with
the sy
stem m
o
re
ea
sily. M-learni
ng i
s
ea
sy
to ca
rry
a
n
y
w
he
re
( po
rta
b
le ) , p
r
a
c
tic
a
l sin
c
e
l
e
a
r
n
e
rs are not
b
o
there
d
with
the tools u
s
e
d
,
and easy to use for
anyone who i
s
not too tech
sa
vvy. Unlike e-learning, whi
c
h i
s
using P
C
, tha
t
has a fai
r
ly large computi
ng
capability, mobile
devices have
limit
ed capab
ility. This led to the
developm
ent
of m-le
arni
ng
appli
c
atio
ns
that sh
ould
b
e
de
sig
ned
s
pecifi
c
ally a
n
d
differe
ntly than
the ap
plication of e
-
lea
r
nin
g
in
gene
ral.
Due
to
the
li
mited comp
utational
ca
pab
ilities, m-l
earnin
g
appli
c
ation
s
sho
u
ld be d
e
sig
ned
opti
m
ally,
more
effective a
nd effici
ent
than a
ppli
c
at
ions
desi
gne
d for PC.
Some colleg
e
s a
r
e n
o
w impleme
n
tin
g
dista
n
ce l
earni
ng
syst
em usi
ng el
ectro
n
ic
learni
ng ( e
-learni
ng ),
in
whi
c
h all
the
cou
r
se
m
a
terial
can be acce
ssed
f
r
om off
cam
p
u
s
b
y
usin
g a comp
uter, even te
st also
availa
ble onlin
e. Minimum requi
rement that m
u
st be mat
c
h
in
the implem
en
tation of di
stance lea
r
nin
g
is a
set
of compute
r
o
r
n
o
teboo
k fo
r a
c
cessin
g the
e-
learni
ng
syst
em. In this m
anne
r, the co
nce
p
t
of learning any
whe
r
e and a
n
ytime co
uld not b
e
fully impleme
n
ted, sin
c
e th
e learning a
c
t
i
vities re
q
u
ire
use
r
to find a comfo
r
table
place to
stud
y.
User u
nabl
e to acce
ss lea
r
ning mate
rial
in pra
c
tica
l, e
a
sy to u
s
e a
n
d
ea
sy to access man
n
e
r
. In
orde
r to a
c
hi
eve it, a syst
em that allo
ws lea
r
nin
g
a
n
y
where an
d a
n
ytime throu
g
h
mobile
devi
c
e
s
su
ch a
s
mobil
e
phon
es, PDA or SmartPh
one is n
eed
e
d
.
Mobile l
earni
ng o
r
m
-
lea
r
n
i
ng often
defi
ned
as
e-l
earning over mo
bile comp
utin
g
devi
c
e.
Ally et al [5] define
s
m-l
e
a
r
ning
a
s
p
r
ovision
ele
c
tron
ic lea
r
nin
g
m
a
terial
on mo
bile computi
n
g
device in
order to get
acce
ssed an
ywhere a
n
d
everywh
e
re.
In gene
ral, mobile devi
c
e
s
con
s
id
ere
d
a
r
e PDA a
nd
di
gital cellula
r
phon
e but i
n
wide
r p
e
rspe
ctive the
device i
s
a
n
y ki
n
d
of
device that consi
derably small, works indep
ende
nce
,
able to be on our
side
on daily life and
may access
some of lea
r
ning form. T
he small dev
ice act
s
as t
ool to access cont
ent, either
locally
stored
on th
e devi
c
e or rea
c
hed
throug
h in
te
rconne
ction.
Device
be
com
e
s to
ol to inte
ract
with other p
e
ople, throu
gh
sou
nd an
d messag
e
exch
ange in the fo
rm of text, image an
d vide
o.
The term
s m
obile lea
r
nin
g
(m-le
a
rning
)
also
referre
d
to the usa
ge of hand
h
e
ld and
mobile IT
device
s
such a
s
PDA, cell
ph
one, lapto
p
a
nd PC ta
blet
in tuition an
d
learni
ng [6].
M-
learni
ng i
s
a
uniqu
e type o
f
learni
ng
sin
c
e
stude
nt m
a
y acce
ss le
arnin
g
mate
ri
al, guida
nce
and
appli
c
ation
a
s
so
ciate
s
with the
cou
r
se wheneve
r
a
nd
whe
r
eve
r
. It will raises att
ention to
lea
r
ning
material, ma
kes lea
r
nin
g
more attractiv
e
and p
u
shi
n
g motivation to stude
nt to lifelong lea
r
ni
ng.
Comp
ared to
conve
n
tional l
earni
ng, m-l
e
arnin
g
ma
ke
s more o
ppo
rtunity to collab
o
rate in a
d
h
o
c
and interact i
n
formally am
ong stu
dent
s [7].
Based
on research o
n
m-l
earni
ng p
r
oje
c
t in Englan
d
,
Italy and Sweden [8], the
benefits
of m-learning
are
1.
Gives lea
r
nin
g
at any given plac
e, any given time an
d person
a
lize
d
.
2.
Use to bring
excitement o
r
put va
riation on co
nventio
nal learning
method.
3.
May be u
s
e
as a
mea
n
to
eliminate fo
rmality
which
con
s
id
ere
d
u
nattractive
or scary to n
o
n
-
traditional le
a
r
ne
r and may
make the
stu
d
y more attra
c
tive.
4.
Helpi
ng give and supp
ort liter
acy, num
erical an
d lang
uage
study.
5.
Facilitate lea
r
ning expe
rien
ce individ
uall
y
and colla
bo
ratively.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Open Sou
r
ce
base
d
M-L
e
a
r
ning Ap
plicat
ion for Supp
o
r
ting Di
stan
ce
Learni
ng (A
ri
ef Hida
yat)
659
6.
Helpi
ng ag
ai
nst rej
e
ctio
n of ICT usa
g
e
by
giving a ‘bridg
e’ betwe
en low te
ch
n
o
logy ado
ptio
n
of cell pho
ne
and PC.
7.
Observed h
e
l
p
s youn
g lear
ner to stay fo
cu
s long
er
8.
Help
s imp
r
ovi
ng co
nfiden
ce
and self asse
ssm
ent in study.
2. Rese
arch
Metho
d
The m-l
earni
ng appli
c
atio
n is devel
op
ed by
Co
mp
uter-Ba
s
e
d
System Engi
neeri
ng
Method b
a
se
d on the pri
n
cipal of softwa
r
e en
gi
nee
rin
g
throu
gh the
developme
n
t steps
ba
sed
o
n
System Dev
e
lopme
n
t Life Cycle (S
DLC). SDLC c
onsi
s
ts of se
veral step
s that are an
alysis,
desi
gn, impl
ementation, t
e
sting
and
e
v
aluati
on. Th
ose
step
s m
a
y be do
ne
in overla
p a
n
d
cy
cli
c
al w
a
y
.
2.1. Require
ment An
aly
s
is
Req
u
ire
m
ent analysi
s
co
nd
ucted to obtai
n input, for desig
ning pu
rp
ose, in the form of a
data flow di
agra
m
of the application
to
be developed. The
diagram co
n
t
ained sy
ste
m
s
engin
eeri
ng
requi
rem
ents that include
software,
hard
w
a
r
e, se
rvers an
d ne
tworks that
are
requi
re
d in the desi
gn an
d impleme
n
tation of the m-le
arnin
g
appli
c
ations.
The sy
stem d
e
velope
d in this stu
d
y call
ed ProVi
s
i M
obile Le
arni
n
g
(PVML). Th
e system
is divided i
n
to two sub
-
sy
stem
s, name
d
PVML
Prov
ider a
nd PVML Clie
nt. PVML Provide
r
is a
PVML su
b-system that
run
on a
we
b se
rver
that prov
ides
th
e se
rvi
c
e
of m-le
arn
i
ng
that can b
e
acce
ssed a
n
d
ru
n by th
e
other
su
b-system, PVML C
lient, in the fo
rm of
sma
r
t p
hone
s, via
HTTP
. The de
sign
of the two su
b-sy
stem
s u
s
ing Obje
ct
O
r
iented Desi
g
n
referen
c
e (OOD) so that
th
e
desi
gn can b
e
impleme
n
te
d on the platform script wh
ich supp
ort o
b
ject-ori
ented
appro
a
ch.
PVML learni
ng archite
c
tu
re refers to the ar
chite
c
tu
re of Le
arni
n
g
Technol
og
y System
Architecture (LTSA)
propos
ed by
the IEEE 1484
Learning
Technology Syst
ems Committee
(LTSC). Thi
s
stand
ard
co
vers
a wi
de
are
a
of the
system ,
commonly
kn
own
as l
earning
techn
o
logy , techn
o
logy e
ducation and
training
, co
mputer -ba
s
e
d
training (
CBT ) , compu
t
er
assiste
d
in
struction , i
n
telli
gent tutori
ng
, met
adata ,
and
so
on . T
h
is
stand
ard i
s
pe
dag
ogi
ca
lly
neutral, ne
utral to content, culturally neu
tral and ne
utral to platform.
PVML de
sign
ha
s several
cha
r
a
c
teri
stics that
di
sting
u
ish t
he e
-
le
arnin
g
syste
m
is th
e
use of m
obile
device
s
u
s
e
d
by the learner
(stu
dent
),
su
ch a
s
to a
c
cess lea
r
ni
n
g
co
ntent or t
he
intera
ction
b
e
twee
n the
l
earn
e
r an
d t
he
coa
c
h
(le
c
ture
r).
Physically, PVML
archite
c
ture
is
divided into
two pa
rts, n
a
med PVML
Provider a
n
d
PVML Cli
ent. Exchan
ge of me
ssa
ges
betwe
en PV
ML Provid
er
and
Client P
V
ML uses
XML-b
a
sed p
r
otocol
s, XML
– RP
C, which i
s
simple
and
h
a
s b
een im
pl
emented i
n
many lang
ua
ges. Thi
s
p
r
o
t
ocol i
s
sele
cted so th
at the
developm
ent of
the sub
-
sy
stem
s
can b
e
cond
ucte
d loosely
coupl
ed. The
XML
-
RPC proto
c
ol
impleme
n
tation itself is
q
u
ite light so t
hat the
re
sult
ing appli
c
atio
n ca
n be rel
a
tively small, the
data bei
ng transfe
rred i
s
relatively smal
l and th
e
sp
e
ed is hig
her than
simila
r p
r
otocols.
Whi
l
e
the transport
protocol uses t
he HTT
P
protocol o
v
er GPRS is alre
ady quite stable (wel
l
establi
s
h
ed)
and wi
dely accepte
d
.
2.2 The desi
gn of m-lear
ning applica
t
ions
The d
e
si
gn
p
hase i
s
taki
ng
the result of t
he
requi
rem
e
nts a
nalysi
s
.
This
pha
se
wi
ll re
sult
in the m
-
lea
r
ning a
ppli
c
ati
on spe
c
ificati
on an
d de
sig
n
. The
syste
m
ha
s 3 type
s of u
s
e
r
s, l
e
arne
r
(stud
ent),
co
ach
(le
c
tu
rer) and
sy
stem
admini
s
trato
r
s.
Lea
rnin
g
scena
rio i
n
g
eneral u
s
e
d
on
PVML s
y
s
t
em is
as
follow :
1.
Learne
r re
gisters to the
system. Successful
re
gist
ration will giv
e
a set of usernam
e and
password.
2.
Usi
ng the gi
ven use
r
nam
e and pa
ssword, lea
r
ne
r may log into the system. If
the login
attempt is successful, user will receive a sess
ion I
D
whi
c
h acts as unique identity of each
learni
ng
se
ssion. The
session I
D
i
s
u
s
ed eve
r
y time the le
arn
e
r enters th
e
system
and
remai
n
s a
c
tive until the lea
r
ne
r de
cide to
log out.
3.
After logge
d i
n
, the lea
r
ne
r will me
et co
urse
li
st offered by the
sy
stem. Lea
rne
r
cho
o
ses
one
from the
cou
r
se
s
offered.
If the cou
r
se
requ
est
i
s
a
pprove
d
o
r
the course i
s
unde
r fre
e
to
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660
follow cate
go
ry
(m
ean
s ap
proval of
the
system
or
p
r
e-test
is not
required
)
the
n
the
cou
r
se
will be dded to course list t
hat followed by the learner.
4.
Learne
r may choo
se on
e
of the courses from
the followed co
urse list. Und
e
r
the cho
s
en
cou
r
se, lea
r
n
e
r m
a
y do
wn
load
cou
r
se
material f
r
om
the serve
r
,
store
it in th
eir h
and
held
device
s
an
d start to learn.
5.
Learne
r may
follow th
e final exami
nati
on to
te
st th
e level of u
n
derstandi
ng.
If the learner
passe
d the e
x
am, passing
grade/a
s
se
ssment dat
a
will be includ
ed
into learne
r p
o
rtfolio.
6.
Duri
ng the co
urse, the learner may discuss with fello
w learner
wh
o followed th
e same
cou
r
se
or with the
co
ach by sendi
ng text questi
ons o
r
co
mm
ents to the forum.
7.
Learne
r wh
o compl
e
ted a
learni
ng session may
log out
from
the system.
The pro
c
e
ss will
reset the regi
stere
d
se
ssio
n ID in the system.
Based
on
t
he p
r
o
c
e
s
se
s from the
previou
s
se
ction, the a
p
p
licatio
n req
u
ire
s
a
con
n
e
c
tion to the server o
n
ly on some
occa
sion, i.
e. log in, view
cou
r
se list an
d serve
r
co
ntent,
download
co
ntent, send a
n
swer a
nd se
nd messa
ge.
2.3 Design I
m
plementa
tion
M-lea
r
nin
g
a
pplication b
u
i
l
t by usin
g P
H
P an
d
Java
as a p
r
o
g
ra
mming
script
that run
s
on the Ap
ach
e
we
b serve
r
. The proced
ure
s
u
s
ed
are co
ded
and
documente
d
. The p
r
o
c
e
s
sed
data stored in
databa
se wh
ich u
s
ing My
SQL dat
aba
se. The appli
c
ation implem
ented u
s
ing o
pen
sou
r
ce tools
whi
c
h is fre
e
from licen
se fee.
2.4 Test
System tests
carrie
d out by
the following
pro
c
ed
ure:
1. White-box and bla
c
k-b
o
x
test
M-lea
r
nin
g
a
pplication te
st is hel
d by
whit
e-box a
n
d
bla
c
k box t
e
sting
metho
d
thro
ugh
the exe
c
ution
of the b
u
ilt sub-sy
stem
m
odule
s
. Th
e
entire li
nks te
sted
ord
e
rly f
r
om
root to l
eaf
so that every
node is covered. To det
ermin
e
the
effectivene
ss a
nd function
ali
t
y of every links,
the result is p
u
t on a table.
2. Trial
Trial
s
, as alp
ha-te
st, carri
ed out to deter
min
e
whet
her m-l
earnin
g
application
able to
operate via handh
eld devi
c
e
s
su
ch a
s
mobile ph
one
s, PDAs and
sma
r
t phone
s. Every functions
/ sub
-
syste
m
mod
u
le
s i
s
tested
on
th
e devi
c
e
s
. T
o
a
c
hieve
it,
a trial
cl
ass
must
be
set
up to
obtain fee
dba
ck from
the a
s
pe
ct of
cog
n
i
tive,
affective, and p
s
ycho
m
otor. Th
e
re
sult
will come
s
in som
e
po
ssible val
u
e
s
, i.e. ugly, moderat
e, goo
d and ve
ry good. Th
e re
sults
sto
r
ed i
n
a
tabular m
ann
er.
3. Interpretati
on and infe
re
nce results
Interpretation
and
infe
ren
c
e ma
de
ba
se
d on
the
a
s
p
e
cts of th
e m
-
lea
r
nin
g
a
ppl
ication
s
itself and the
evaluation re
sult from
the
membe
r
s of t
r
ial cla
s
s.
a. M-learning
appli
c
ation a
s
pect
M-lea
r
nin
g
a
pplication te
st con
d
u
c
ted
on all
exis
ting link
s
in
order from
root
to leaf. It
prod
uces a
re
sult tabl
e. Co
nclu
sio
n
ma
d
e
ba
se
d on
th
e re
sult ta
ble.
If the entire li
nks
serve
the
i
r
function p
r
op
erly, not even a single lin
k failed,
the app
lication me
ets the standa
rd
of succe
s
s.
b. Aspe
ct of Evaluation in the Domai
n
s
of Cognitio
n
, Affection and
Psychom
otor
Re
sult grade
and an
alysi
s
of the evaluat
ion
table
will determi
ne wh
ether the a
p
p
lication
feasibl
e
an
d
eligible to im
plement. Th
e
sou
r
ce of e
v
aluation tabl
e value
s
is f
eedb
ack in t
he
domain
s
of cognitive, affe
ctive an
d p
sychomoto
r
. If the result is goo
d o
r
very good t
hen
the
appli
c
ation
co
nsid
ere
d
feasible and eligi
b
le to impleme
n
t.
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TELKOM
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ISSN:
1693-6
930
Open Sou
r
ce
base
d
M-L
e
a
r
ning Ap
plicat
ion for Supp
o
r
ting Di
stan
ce
Learni
ng (A
ri
ef Hida
yat)
661
3. Results a
nd Discu
ssi
on
3.1. Support
Sy
stem Req
u
irements
Suppo
rt syst
em re
quirem
ent in the m
obile
le
arni
ng
(m-l
earning
) inclu
d
e
s
ho
sting a
n
d
domain
req
u
irements a
nd u
s
er
req
u
ire
m
ents.
1. Hostin
g an
d Domai
n
The m-le
arning system i
s
uploa
ded into
web se
rver
so many use
r
s can acce
ss it. Table
1 are info
rma
t
ion about ho
sting an
d do
main used in
curre
n
tly built m-learning
system.
Table 1. M-L
earni
ng Hosti
ng and
Doma
in Information
No Specifications
Description
1 Domain
http://pvml.net
2 Web
Hosting
http://id
w
ebhost.
com
3
The storage
cap
a
city
2 GB
4
Band
w
i
th
59 GB pe
r month
5
Platform’s Opera
t
ing S
y
stem
CentOS Se
rver
6 Web
Server
Apache
7 Database
M
Y
S
Q
L
2. Supportin
g
requi
reme
nts for use
r
s
Suppo
rting re
quire
ment
s for u
s
e
r
s are
requi
rem
ents that must
b
e
provided
b
y
use
r
in
orde
r to
a
c
ce
ss the
m-le
arning
syste
m
. Use
r
s shoul
d u
s
e
sm
art
phon
e to
access m
-
lea
r
ni
ng
sy
st
em.
3.2. Sy
stem Impl
ementa
tion Res
u
lt
All files in th
e m-le
arni
ng
system
uplo
aded i
n
to th
e sp
ecifie
d
web
ho
sting.
The m-
learni
ng
syst
em con
s
ist
s
of three
m
a
in view,
stu
dent pa
ge vi
ew, tea
c
he
r
page vie
w
a
n
d
admini
s
trato
r
page vie
w
.
1. Student Page
Student p
age
view i
s
th
e
view that
displayed
to
the
stud
ent a
s
u
s
er of th
e m
-
learni
ng
system. Stud
ent accesse
s
m-learning system
via mobile bro
w
ser f
ound on
sma
r
t phone. While
acce
ssi
ng the
m-learning
system, stude
nt need
s to l
og in to the system at first. Student req
u
ired
to login by filling use
r
n
a
m
e
and pa
ssword. Use
r
without accou
n
t must take registration to
the
admini
s
trato
r
. The login pa
ge is sho
w
n i
n
Figure 1.
Figure 1. Logi
n Page
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930
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Vol. 12, No. 3, September 20
14: 65
7 – 664
662
Successfully
logg
ed
i
n
student will meet
stude
nt hom
e p
age
. This pa
ge
displays
cou
r
ses th
at followe
d by the stu
dent. Student ha
s
o
p
tion to ch
oo
se in o
r
d
e
r to
acce
ss a
not
her
page
such a
s
conte
n
t, ne
ws,
discu
s
sio
n
, assig
n
men
t, exam and
result. Thi
s
p
age
ha
s lo
go
ut
button which
will bri
ng th
e user g
e
tting out of
the
m-lea
r
nin
g
system. Conte
n
t page
displ
a
ys
learni
ng mat
e
rial in P
D
F
format, so th
at st
ude
nts can re
ad a
nd
download th
e
s
e mate
rial
s,
as
s
h
ow
n
in
F
i
gu
r
e
2
.
Figure 2. Con
t
ent Page
Exam page i
s
a pag
e that
contai
ns
exa
m
que
st
ion
s
i
n
multiple
ch
oice. Stude
nt answe
rs
the que
stion
s
by selectin
g the co
rrec
t an
swers as
sho
w
n in Figu
re
3.
Figure 3. Exam Page
2. Teacher P
age
Teache
r pag
e gives tea
c
h
e
r ability to manag
e co
urse
s, su
ch a
s
e
n
rolling
stud
en
t to the
cla
ss, u
p
load
ing co
ntent, makin
g
the n
e
ws or
ann
o
uncement
s, managi
ng di
scu
ssi
on, crea
ting
assignm
ent, cre
a
ting exa
m
questio
n
s
and ch
eck
st
udent re
sult
s. Teach
e
r ma
y acce
ss the
m-
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Open Sou
r
ce
base
d
M-L
e
a
r
ning Ap
plicat
ion for Supp
o
r
ting Di
stan
ce
Learni
ng (A
ri
ef Hida
yat)
663
learni
ng sy
stem usin
g m
obile browse
r that
available on sm
art
phone afte
r logged in to
the
system. After su
cce
ssfully
logge
d in, t
eacher w
ill
reach the te
a
c
he
r h
o
me
p
age. In th
e p
age,
teach
e
r may
see
cou
r
se
s that mana
ged
by their
self.
The tea
c
he
r
has o
p
tion
s to acce
ss
oth
e
r
page
s such a
s
content pa
ge, news p
a
g
e
, discu
ssio
n
page, a
ssi
gn
ment pag
e, e
x
amination a
nd
the examinati
on re
sult. Lo
g out button
works
when
the teacher
getting out of
the m-le
arni
n
g
system.
Co
ntent Uploa
d
P
age
used
by t
eacher to
upl
oad l
e
a
r
ning
material
in P
D
F fo
rmat. E
a
ch
material
mad
e
for ea
ch
chapter of th
e
co
ur
se. Stu
dent may
se
e o
r
d
o
wnl
o
a
d
the
uplo
a
d
ed
material later.
3. Administrat
o
r Page
Administrator use
s
the
ad
ministrator p
age to m
ana
ge u
s
er and
cou
r
se. Admi
nistrato
r
acce
sses m-l
earni
ng
syste
m
usi
ng
m
obi
le browse
r th
at available
o
n
sm
art p
hon
e after l
ogg
e
d
in
first. Successfully login administ
rator
will go to
the admini
s
trat
or hom
e page. At the current
page, the
r
e a
r
e two
settin
g
option
s
, i.e
.
user
setting
and
cou
r
se
setting. Lo
go
ut button will
be
need
ed
when
use
r
ne
ed to
leave the m
-
l
earni
ng
syste
m
. On Use
r
-Add pag
e, ad
ministrator m
a
y
add u
s
e
r
that will use t
he m-le
arni
n
g
system.
A
d
minist
rator
also n
eed
s to determi
ne
the
corre
s
p
ondin
g
right for user. Available rights are
adm
inistrato
r
, tea
c
he
r or
stude
nt. Administra
tor
use
s
Cou
r
se-Add pag
e to
add
cou
r
se
that will be d
e
livered i
n
th
e m-le
arni
ng
system.
Whi
l
e
addin
g
co
urse, administ
r
at
or nee
ds to d
e
termin
e teacher for the
co
urse.
3.3 Sy
stem Testing
System testin
g on m-l
earni
ng syste
m
ru
ns un
de
r bla
c
k box metho
d
.
Black-box te
sting is
softwa
r
e te
sting ba
sed
on
softwa
r
e fun
c
tionality. Black-b
o
x method
has p
u
rp
ose
to find softwa
r
e
malfunc
tion.
3.4 Trial
Trial
s
as al
p
ha-te
st, carri
ed out on
whet
her th
e m-lea
r
nin
g
system is abl
e to be
operated via hand
held dev
ice
s
su
ch a
s
mobile ph
one
s, PDAs and
sma
r
t phone
s. Trial is take
n
throug
h vari
o
u
s fun
c
tion
s
/ sub
-
sy
ste
m
modul
es t
hat have b
e
en form
ed. T
r
ial is ta
ke
n
b
y
cre
a
ting t
r
ial
cla
s
s that
followed
by 2
5
stu
dent
s in
order to
re
ceive feed
ba
ck a
bout th
e
m-
learni
ng
syst
em. Re
sult from t
he feedb
ack sh
ows th
at almost 9
0
%
of resp
ond
ents tell that
the
m-lea
r
nin
g
sy
stem is e
a
sy to use.
Based
on st
udent feed
ba
ck g
r
a
de, he
re is t
he di
scussion: in on
line learning
material
para
m
eter, th
e sy
stem g
e
n
e
rally
cla
ssifi
ed a
s
g
ood
(78%).
User
satisfactio
n
p
a
r
amete
r
in
clu
des
likely to u
s
e i
s
go
od (54%
) and
often u
s
e i
s
qui
te g
ood (54%)
a
nd interest
cl
assified a
s
g
ood
(83%). Ea
sy-t
o-u
s
e p
a
ram
e
ter in
clud
es
easy-to
-u
se
classified a
s
g
ood (81%), m
enu
s cl
assifie
d
as go
od en
o
ugh (67%) a
nd col
o
rs cl
assified
a
s
good
(86%).
Content pa
rameter in
clu
d
e
s
con
c
e
p
t deliv
ery cl
assified
as
goo
d (8
1%), co
de
completion
cl
assified g
o
o
d
(7
6%). Th
ose
para
m
eters a
r
e impo
rtant to determi
ne q
uality of online learni
ng.
Most of the
partici
pant
s
agre
e
that m-lea
r
ni
n
g
increases a
c
ce
ss to learning.
On the
negative
side
is, of co
urse,
that
acce
ss t
o
tech
nology
is still la
cking
.
In these trial
s
, we
assum
e
d
that the learni
ng co
uld take
place in a
n
a
l
ways-onli
ne
environ
ment
with free a
c
cess.
4. Conclusio
n
Based o
n
the results an
d discu
ssi
on
of designin
g
open
-sou
rce ba
se
d m-lea
r
nin
g
system, the concl
u
si
on
s ca
n be dra
w
n a
s
follows:
a.
Mobile lea
r
ni
ng syste
m
ab
le to manage
distan
ce le
arning or
cou
r
se.
b.
Mobile lea
r
ni
ng syste
m
may upload, re
ads a
nd do
wnload
s lea
r
ni
ng materi
al / conte
n
t.
c.
The sy
stem may give ann
oun
ceme
nts to stude
nts on
line.
d.
Student may uploa
d assig
n
ment given
by the teache
r usin
g the sy
stem.
e.
The mobil
e
le
arnin
g
syste
m
may evaluat
e learni
ng p
r
ocess in the
form of exam.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 12, No. 3, September 20
14: 65
7 – 664
664
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
e
Than
k is giv
en to Keme
nterian Pe
nd
idika
n
dan K
ebud
ayaan
Dire
kto
r
at Pe
ndidi
kan
Tinggi for ta
ki
ng part in research fundi
ng
.
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