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p
h
ase
2
[
4
,
1
4
]
.
L
T
E
in
h
ig
h
g
ig
a
r
an
g
e
(
5
GHz
)
u
n
licen
s
ed
b
an
d
,
ca
lled
licen
s
e
ass
i
s
ted
ac
ce
s
s
(
L
AA)
an
d
L
T
E
-
U
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
will
b
e
g
r
o
w
in
th
e
n
ea
r
f
u
tu
r
e
lik
e
lice
n
s
ed
b
an
d
s
d
u
e
to
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
l
o
ad
i
n
g
[
5
]
.
I
n
OFDMA
,
th
e
b
an
d
ar
e
d
iv
i
d
ed
in
to
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
s
p
ac
ed
b
y
1
5
k
Hz
a
n
d
1
2
ad
jace
n
t
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
,
th
at
to
g
eth
er
o
cc
u
p
y
1
8
0
k
Hz
n
am
ed
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
l
o
ck
(
R
B
)
wh
ich
is
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
b
an
d
wid
th
allo
ca
tio
n
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
Fro
m
tim
e
v
iew
th
ese
1
2
s
u
b
c
ar
r
ier
s
h
as
0
.
5
m
s
wh
ich
ca
lled
s
lo
t.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
R
B
s
’
n
u
m
b
er
b
ased
o
n
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
b
a
n
d
wid
th
as lis
ted
in
T
ab
le
1
[
6
,
1
5
,
1
6
].
T
ab
le
1
.
R
eso
u
r
ce
B
lo
ck
s
v
s
.
B
W
S
y
st
e
m N
a
m
e
V
a
l
u
e
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
-
M
H
z
1
.
4
3
5
10
15
20
RB
6
15
25
50
75
1
0
0
Fro
m
tim
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
L
T
E
f
r
am
e
h
as
1
0
m
s
len
g
th
t
h
at
d
iv
i
d
ed
to
1
0
s
u
b
f
r
am
es.
E
v
er
y
s
u
b
f
r
am
e
h
as
two
eq
u
al
s
lo
ts
wh
ich
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
7
o
r
6
OFDMA
s
y
m
b
o
ls
(
c
y
clic
p
r
ef
ix
d
ep
en
d
en
t
n
o
r
m
al
o
r
ex
ten
d
ed
)
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
FDD.
MA
C
lay
er
u
s
ed
to
m
ap
th
e
tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
ch
an
n
els
to
p
h
y
s
ical
ch
an
n
els
an
d
it
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
s
c
h
e
d
u
lin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
eNB
e
v
er
y
T
T
I
b
y
ass
ig
n
in
g
R
B
s
to
m
o
b
ile
s
u
b
s
cr
ib
er
s
.
T
h
e
s
ch
ed
u
ler
also
d
eter
m
in
es
d
if
f
er
en
t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
lik
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
wer
an
d
m
o
d
u
la
tio
n
/co
d
in
g
s
ch
em
e
(
MCS
)
wh
ich
p
o
in
te
d
to
as
r
ad
io
lin
k
ad
ap
tatio
n
[
7
,
17
-
2
0
]
.
L
T
E
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
v
ar
io
u
s
MC
S
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
ch
an
g
ed
p
er
1
m
s
s
u
b
f
r
am
e
b
ased
o
n
wir
eless
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
m
o
d
u
latio
n
in
clu
d
e
6
4
QAM
,
1
6
QAM
,
an
d
QPSK
[
8
,
21,
2
2
]
.
All
u
s
er
tr
a
f
f
ic
an
d
s
ig
n
ali
n
g
tr
a
f
f
ic
a
r
e
o
r
g
a
n
ized
i
n
c
h
a
n
n
els.
Fig
u
r
e
2
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
is
p
lay
t
h
e
d
if
f
e
r
en
t l
ay
er
s
an
d
ch
a
n
n
els o
f
L
T
E
D
L
an
d
UL
p
r
o
to
co
ls
th
at
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lay
er
s
,
lo
g
ical,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t,
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ical
lay
er
s
.
T
h
eir
tar
g
et
i
s
to
d
eliv
er
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
way
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
d
at
a
o
n
t
h
e
lo
g
ical
lay
e
r
an
d
to
s
ep
ar
ate
th
e
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
ch
an
n
el
b
el
o
w
f
r
o
m
th
e
lo
g
ical
d
ata
f
lo
ws.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
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KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
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5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
8
0
0
-
2
806
2802
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
L
T
E
n
etwo
r
k
lay
er
s
-
DL
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
L
T
E
n
etwo
r
k
lay
er
s
-
UL
3.
P
H
YSI
CA
L
SI
G
NA
L
S A
ND
CH
ANNE
L
S
T
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
d
eter
m
in
es
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
R
B
s
to
a
UE
f
o
r
ea
ch
n
ew
T
T
I
(
i.e
1
m
s
s
u
b
f
r
a
m
e)
.
Dep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
RBs,
it
ca
r
r
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
tr
af
f
ic
in
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
tim
e
m
atr
ix
.
C
ell
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
als
(
C
R
S)
is
tr
an
s
m
itted
in
a
p
r
ed
e
ter
m
in
ed
R
B
s
an
d
u
s
ed
i
n
DL
ch
an
n
el
esti
m
a
tio
n
b
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
US’
s
[
1
4
,
2
3
,
2
4
]
.
C
R
Ss
ar
e
in
clu
d
ed
f
o
r
ea
ch
a
n
ten
n
a.
R
eso
u
r
ce
elem
e
n
ts
(
R
E
s
)
allo
ca
ted
to
C
R
S
o
n
o
n
e
a
n
ten
n
a
ar
e
n
o
t
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
o
th
er
an
ten
n
as
(
ca
lled
d
is
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
R
T
X)
.
C
R
Ss
ar
e
in
s
er
ted
in
ev
er
y
s
ix
th
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
s
u
b
ca
r
r
i
er
an
d
in
s
ev
e
n
th
tim
e
s
y
m
b
o
l o
n
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
g
r
id
.
T
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
h
as 5
0
4
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
.
Sy
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
s
ig
n
als
(
PS
Ss
/SS
S
s
)
ar
e
s
en
t
twice
in
e
v
er
y
T
T
I
(
i.e
.
tr
an
s
m
itted
ev
er
y
5
m
s
in
f
ir
s
t
an
d
s
ix
th
T
T
I
)
o
n
th
e
m
id
d
le
6
2
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
a
n
d
it
u
s
ed
f
o
r
i
n
itial
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
[
9
]
.
I
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
th
ese
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ir
s
t
an
ten
n
a
wh
ile
th
e
o
th
e
r
an
ten
n
a
a
p
p
ly
DT
X
to
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
elem
en
ts
[
1
0
]
.
Ph
y
s
ical
B
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
C
h
an
n
el
(
PB
C
H)
u
s
es
th
r
ee
OFDMA
s
y
m
b
o
ls
o
n
7
2
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
in
th
e
m
id
d
le
o
f
a
ch
an
n
el
ev
er
y
f
o
u
r
th
L
T
E
f
r
am
e
.
PB
C
H
is
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
ted
ev
er
y
4
0
m
s
an
d
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
s
ig
n
als
[
9
,
25,
2
6
]
.
PB
C
H
ca
r
r
ies
s
y
s
tem
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
all
UE
s
th
at
co
n
tain
s
th
e
b
an
d
wid
th
,
s
y
s
tem
f
r
am
e
n
u
m
b
er
(
SF
N)
,
an
d
hy
b
r
id
A
R
Q
in
d
icatio
n
ch
an
n
el
(
PHI
C
H)
len
g
th
[
2
7
,
2
8
]
.
I
t
is
QPSK m
o
d
u
lated
an
d
is
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
o
n
all
an
ten
n
as [
1
1
]
.
PC
FI
C
H
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
d
eter
m
in
es
th
e
PD
C
C
H
s
ize
an
d
is
s
en
t
at
ea
ch
o
f
s
u
b
f
r
am
e
b
e
g
in
n
in
g
[
2
9
]
.
T
h
is
ch
an
n
el
co
n
tain
s
a
v
alu
e
o
f
2
-
b
it
len
g
th
ca
lled
co
n
tr
o
l
f
o
r
m
a
t
in
d
icato
r
(
C
FI)
,
an
d
en
co
d
ed
u
s
in
g
1
/1
6
c
o
d
e
r
ate
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
y
m
b
o
l
with
i
n
ea
ch
T
T
I
[
1
1
]
.
Ph
y
s
ical
d
o
wn
lin
k
co
n
tr
o
l
ch
an
n
el
(
PDC
C
H)
d
ata
in
d
icate
s
wh
er
e,
wh
e
n
,
a
n
d
wh
at
ty
p
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
ass
ig
n
ed
f
o
r
e
ac
h
UE
o
n
th
e
d
ata
ch
a
n
n
el
a
n
d
wh
ic
h
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
i
n
th
e
u
p
lin
k
d
ir
e
ctio
n
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
cc
u
p
ies
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
y
m
b
o
ls
(
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
to
f
o
u
r
OFDMA
s
y
m
b
o
ls
)
o
v
er
th
e
to
tal
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
in
ea
ch
T
T
I
.
PDC
C
H
d
eliv
er
s
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ch
ed
u
lin
g
d
ata
lik
e
d
o
wn
li
n
k
R
B
s
,
an
d
p
o
wer
co
n
tr
o
l
co
m
m
an
d
s
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
lled
DC
I
(
d
o
wn
lin
k
co
n
tr
o
l
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
)
th
at
is
s
en
t
as
a
s
et
o
f
co
n
tr
o
l
ch
an
n
el
elem
en
ts
(
C
C
E
s
)
.
On
e
elem
en
t
o
f
C
C
E
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
9
r
eso
u
r
ce
elem
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
(
R
E
Gs).
E
ac
h
R
E
G
is
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
4
R
E
s
th
at
ca
r
r
ies
2
b
its
.
1
,
2
,
4
o
r
8
C
C
E
s
ca
n
b
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
in
P
DC
C
H
ch
an
n
el.
QPSK
is
th
e
o
n
ly
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
ch
an
n
el
[
1
2
]
.
T
o
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
e
r
ec
ep
tio
n
o
f
d
ata
b
lo
ck
s
in
u
p
lin
k
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
,
th
er
e
is
s
o
m
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
th
at
is
r
eser
v
ed
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
is
is
ex
ec
u
ted
b
y
HARQ
p
r
o
to
co
l
a
n
d
P
HI
C
H
ch
an
n
el
[
9
]
.
E
ac
h
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
PHI
C
H
u
s
es
1
2
r
eso
u
r
ce
elem
en
ts
.
PHI
C
H
g
r
o
u
p
s
N
g,
PHICH
is
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
s
N
RB,
DL
an
d
th
e
PHI
C
H
g
r
o
u
p
s
ca
lin
g
f
ac
to
r
N
g
.
th
e
s
ca
lin
g
f
ac
to
r
tak
e
o
n
o
f
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
v
al
u
es
th
e
s
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lin
g
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ac
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2
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1
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,
o
r
1
/6
.
N
g,
PHICH
= {N
g
*
N
RB,
DL
/8
;
f
o
r
n
o
r
m
al
Pre
f
ix
,
2
*
N
g
*
N
RB,
DL
/8
; f
o
r
ex
te
n
d
ed
Pre
f
ix
}
(
1
)
T
h
e
d
o
wn
lin
k
s
h
ar
ed
ch
a
n
n
el
(
PDSC
H)
is
allo
ca
ted
th
e
R
E
s
wh
ich
h
a
v
e
n
o
t
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
ig
n
als
n
o
r
th
e
o
th
er
p
h
y
s
ical
ch
an
n
e
ls
an
d
is
u
s
ed
to
u
s
er
tr
af
f
ic.
T
h
e
PDSC
H
is
n
o
t
ab
le
to
u
s
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
elem
en
ts
wh
ich
b
elo
n
g
to
th
e
s
am
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
as
th
e
PHI
C
H,
PC
FIC
H
o
r
PDC
C
H.
T
h
e
PDC
C
H
d
ata
is
p
ad
d
e
d
with
DUM
MY
d
ata
p
r
io
r
to
an
in
t
er
leav
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
DUM
MY
d
ata
is
u
s
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
PDC
C
H
p
lu
s
DUM
MY
d
ata
o
cc
u
p
ies
an
in
teg
er
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
y
m
b
o
ls
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
o
cc
u
p
ied
b
y
t
h
e
PDC
C
H
d
ep
en
d
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
ce
ll id
en
tity
.
I
n
u
p
lin
k
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
,
th
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
ch
an
n
els
in
L
T
E
p
h
y
s
ic
al
lay
er
.
Ph
y
s
ical
u
p
lin
k
s
h
ar
ed
ch
an
n
el
(
PUSC
H)
th
at
u
s
es
QPSK
an
d
1
6
QAM
,
an
d
o
p
tio
n
ally
6
4
QAM
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
T
h
is
ch
an
n
el
u
s
ed
to
ca
r
r
y
u
s
er
d
ata.
PUSC
H
ca
r
r
ies
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ess
ag
es
th
at
u
s
ed
to
d
ec
o
d
e
th
e
u
s
er
tr
af
f
ic
an
d
MI
MO
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
u
s
er
tr
af
f
ic.
Ph
y
s
ical
co
n
t
r
o
l
ch
an
n
el
(
PUC
C
H)
ca
r
r
ies
co
n
tr
o
l
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
u
p
li
n
k
an
d
its
s
ize
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
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T
elec
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ly
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ch
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ized
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1
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4.
R
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SU
L
T
S
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h
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s
tu
d
y
d
ec
lar
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ts
o
f
d
if
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er
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t
v
alu
es
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
ch
an
n
els’
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
n
th
e
r
em
ain
in
g
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
f
o
r
d
ata
tr
af
f
ic.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
will
f
in
d
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
ce
ll
ca
p
ac
ity
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
p
le
c
alcu
latio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
2
lis
ts
th
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
es
o
f
o
v
er
h
e
ad
s
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
ig
n
als
an
d
c
h
an
n
els.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
ar
e
d
o
n
e
f
o
r
2
*
2
an
d
4
*
4
MI
MO
u
s
in
g
3
MH
z
B
W
.
Fro
m
th
e
tab
le
it
is
clea
r
th
at
t
h
e
lar
g
est
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
b
elo
n
g
s
PDC
C
H
ch
an
n
el.
T
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
DT
X
R
E
ch
a
n
g
e
s
with
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
R
E
G
th
a
t
is
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
PDC
C
H
ch
an
n
el.
T
h
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
ch
an
n
el
o
v
er
h
ea
d
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
f
o
r
4
*
4
MI
MO
is
f
ix
ed
co
m
p
ar
ed
with
2
*
2
MI
MO
s
ce
n
ar
io
in
PB
C
H,
P
C
FIC
H,
an
d
PHI
C
H,
th
is
i
s
d
u
e
to
s
en
d
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
m
ess
ag
es
o
n
all
an
ten
n
as.
R
S
an
d
PS
S/
SS
S
o
v
er
h
ea
d
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
R
E
s
th
at
u
s
ed
f
o
r
R
S
s
in
4
*
4
MI
MO
,
an
d
u
s
in
g
DT
X
in
s
tead
o
f
PS
S/S
SS
in
o
th
er
an
ten
n
as,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Per
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
p
h
y
s
ic
al
ch
an
n
els
o
v
e
r
h
ea
d
f
o
r
3
M
Hz
B
W
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e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
P
h
y
si
c
a
l
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
s
V
a
l
u
e
M
I
M
O
2
*
2
4
*
4
R
S
%
4
.
7
3
.
6
P
S
S
/
S
S
S
%
0
.
2
5
0
.
1
2
P
B
C
H
%
0
.
9
5
0
.
9
5
P
C
F
I
C
H
%
0
.
6
3
0
.
6
3
P
H
I
C
H
%
0
.
9
5
0
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9
5
D
TX
%
5
.
5
1
1
.
6
P
D
C
C
H
%
9
.
5
7
.
3
P
D
S
C
H
%
7
6
.
3
7
4
.
1
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
ec
lar
es
th
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
R
B
s
f
o
r
PDC
C
H
ch
an
n
el
o
n
th
e
r
en
a
m
in
g
R
B
s
f
o
r
PDSC
H.
T
h
e
PDS
C
H
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
in
a
s
tep
f
o
r
m
at
b
ec
au
s
e
L
T
E
ca
n
n
o
t
u
s
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
R
E
s
alo
n
g
th
e
s
am
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
u
s
ed
f
o
r
PDC
C
H,
s
o
t
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
R
E
s
f
r
o
m
PDC
C
H
R
E
G
i
s
f
illed
b
y
d
u
m
m
y
s
y
m
b
o
l
th
at
ca
n
n
o
t
u
s
ed
b
y
PDSC
H
ch
an
n
el.
Fig
u
r
e
5
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
an
d
co
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
a
n
d
m
ax
im
u
m
ce
ll
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ity
h
er
e
i
s
th
e
r
aw
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
t
h
at
s
u
p
p
o
s
e
1
0
0
%
lo
ad
o
n
th
e
ce
lls
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
lat
io
n
s
s
u
p
p
o
s
e
3
MH
z
an
d
2
*
2
MI
M
O
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
s
h
o
w
s
th
at
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
is
6
.
6
u
s
in
g
6
4
QAM
an
d
with
o
u
t
ad
d
in
g
r
ed
u
n
d
a
n
cy
d
ata.
Alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
is
is
n
o
t
p
r
ac
tical
in
m
an
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
b
u
t it
s
h
o
ws th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t M
C
S.
Fig
u
r
e
6
d
ec
lar
e
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
ce
ll
ca
p
ac
ity
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
MI
MO
s
ch
em
es.
Usi
n
g
4
*
4
MI
MO
d
u
p
licate
th
e
ce
ll
ca
p
ac
ity
d
u
e
to
u
s
in
g
m
o
r
e
R
E
s
in
PDSC
H
ch
an
n
el.
No
te
th
at
u
s
in
g
4
*
4
MI
MO
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
to
tal
o
v
er
h
ea
d
o
f
R
S a
n
d
PDC
C
H
ch
an
n
el
as sh
o
wed
in
f
o
llo
w
in
g
f
ig
u
r
e
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
PDC
C
H
R
E
G
n
u
m
b
er
o
n
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
ce
ll
ca
p
ac
ity
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
f
i
g
u
r
e
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
ce
ll
ca
p
ac
ity
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
5
Mb
p
s
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
PDC
C
H
s
y
m
b
o
ls
f
r
o
m
1
to
3
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
also
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
g
r
ea
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
u
s
in
g
0
.
2
5
co
d
in
g
r
ate
an
d
1
co
d
in
g
r
ate,
th
is
d
if
f
er
en
ce
r
ea
ch
es
2
0
Mb
/s
in
s
m
all
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
PDC
C
H
R
E
G.
T
h
is
ex
p
lain
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
c
ell
ed
g
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
wh
ich
u
s
e
lo
w
co
d
in
g
r
ate
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
clo
s
e
to
eNB
s
ite.
Actu
ally
,
in
L
T
E
n
o
co
d
i
n
g
r
a
te
eq
u
al
to
1
is
u
s
ed
b
u
t th
e
g
r
ap
h
s
h
o
ws th
e
co
n
ce
p
t o
f
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
e
r
en
t c
o
d
in
g
r
ate.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
PDC
C
H
R
E
G
v
s
.
P
DSC
H
% f
o
r
3
MH
z
B
W
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
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t E
l Co
n
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o
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,
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
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8
0
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Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Ma
x
im
u
m
ca
p
ac
ity
v
s
.
MCS
u
s
in
g
3
MH
z
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
MI
MO
v
s
.
Ma
x
im
u
m
ca
p
ac
ity
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Ma
x
im
u
m
ce
ll c
ap
ac
ity
v
s
.
PDC
C
H
R
E
G
u
s
in
g
3
MH
z
Mo
s
t
o
f
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
u
s
e
h
ig
h
B
W
f
o
r
th
eir
L
T
E
n
etw
o
r
k
s
,
s
o
th
e
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
R
E
G
in
PDC
C
H
an
d
PD
SC
H
n
ee
d
to
in
v
esti
g
ated
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
B
W
wh
ich
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
PDC
C
H
o
v
er
h
ea
d
is
v
er
y
s
m
all
u
s
in
g
2
0
MH
z
th
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
la
r
g
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
R
B
s
in
h
ig
h
B
W
v
alu
es.
Fig
u
r
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0
.
2
5
to
1
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
E.
T.
Tch
a
o
,
J.
D.
G
a
d
z
e
,
J
.
O
.
Ag
y
a
p
o
n
g
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
De
p
lo
y
e
d
4
G
LT
E
Ne
two
r
k
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
no
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
6
5
-
1
7
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
A
.
Je
m
m
a
li
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
f
m
imo
sc
h
e
m
e
s
in
lt
e
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t
,”
T
h
e
se
e
s
Do
c
to
r,
Un
iv
e
rsit
´
e
De
M
o
n
tr
´
Eal
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
]
G
h
a
ss
a
n
A.
Ab
e
d
,
M
.
Ism
a
il
,
K
.
Ju
m
a
ri,
“
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
a
n
d
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
LT
E
Ne
two
r
k
s
with
Diffe
re
n
t
TCP
Va
rian
ts,
”
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
ol
.
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
4
3
-
4
4
8
,
2
0
1
1
.
[4
]
E.
T.
Tch
a
o
,
J.
D.
G
a
d
z
e
,
J
.
O
.
Ag
y
a
p
o
n
g
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
De
p
lo
y
e
d
4
G
LT
E
Ne
two
r
k
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
t
io
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
no
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
6
5
-
1
7
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
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n
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t E
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tr
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l
,
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l.
1
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
8
0
0
-
2
806
2806
[5
]
S
.
K
.
S
a
h
a
,
C
.
Vla
c
h
o
u
,
D
.
K
.
,
K
.
H
.
Kim
,
“
De
M
iL
TE
:
De
tec
ti
n
g
a
n
d
M
it
i
g
a
ti
n
g
LT
E
I
n
terfe
re
n
c
e
fo
r
En
terp
r
ise
Wi
-
F
i
i
n
5
G
Hz
,
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
:
T
h
e
T
we
n
ti
e
th
ACM
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m,
p
p
.
3
1
-
40
,
2
0
1
9
.
[6
]
Ru
i
An
d
ré
d
e
Alm
e
id
a
P
ires
,
“
Co
v
e
ra
g
e
a
n
d
Eff
icie
n
c
y
P
e
rfo
r
m
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
L
TE
i
n
Ur
b
a
n
S
c
e
n
a
ri
o
s
,
”
Diss
e
rtatio
n
su
b
m
it
ted
fo
r
o
b
tain
i
n
g
th
e
d
e
g
re
e
o
f
M
a
ste
r
i
n
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
U
n
iv
e
rsid
a
d
e
d
e
Li
sb
o
a
,
Oc
t
o
b
e
r
2
0
1
2
.
[7
]
O
.
Io
sif,
I
.
Bă
n
ică
“
L
TE
P
e
rfo
r
m
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
Ba
se
d
o
n
t
wo
S
c
h
e
d
u
li
n
g
M
o
d
e
ls
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s i
n
Ne
two
rk
s a
n
d
S
e
rv
ice
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
no
.
1
&
,
2
,
p
p
.
5
8
-
68
,
2
0
1
2
.
[8
]
M.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
LT
E
-
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
P
h
y
sic
a
l
Lay
e
r,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
Iss
u
e
s
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
1
,
p
p
.
80
-
87
,
2
0
1
4
.
[9
]
M
.
S
a
u
ter,
“
F
ro
m
G
S
M
to
LT
E‐A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
P
ro
a
n
d
5
G
,
”
Th
ird
Ed
i
ti
o
n
,
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s L
t
d
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
0
]
LT
E
in
Bu
ll
e
ts B
o
o
k
s
.
[On
l
in
e
].
Av
a
il
a
b
le:
ww
w.l
te
-
b
u
ll
e
ts.co
m
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
1
]
R
.
M
.
Ra
o
,
S
.
Ha
,
V
.
M
a
ro
jev
ic,
J
.
H.
Re
e
d
,
“
LT
E
P
HY
La
y
e
r
Vu
ln
e
ra
b
il
i
ty
An
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
Tes
ti
n
g
Us
in
g
Op
e
n
-
S
o
u
rc
e
S
DR
T
o
o
ls
,
”
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
:
M
IL
COM
2
0
1
7
-
2
0
1
7
IEE
E
M
i
li
ta
ry
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(M
IL
COM
)
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
2
]
S
.
S
y
e
d
Am
e
e
r
Ab
b
a
s,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
p
ip
e
li
n
e
d
a
rc
h
i
tec
tu
re
fo
r
p
h
y
sic
a
l
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls o
f
3
g
p
p
lt
e
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ne
x
t
-
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
Ne
two
rk
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
0
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
3
]
A.
Z.
Yo
n
is,
M
.
F
.
L.
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
,
“
Do
wn
li
n
k
a
n
d
Up
li
n
k
P
h
y
sic
a
l
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls
in
Lo
n
g
Term
Ev
o
l
u
ti
o
n
,
”
I.
J
.
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
10
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
4
]
M
.
M
e
i
d
li
n
g
e
r
,
Qi
Wan
g
“
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
LT
E
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Do
wn
li
n
k
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
Esti
m
a
to
r
s
,
”
2
0
1
2
1
9
th
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
S
ig
n
a
ls
a
n
d
Ima
g
e
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
(IW
S
S
IP
)
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
5
]
M
.
A.
Ah
m
e
d
,
R.
A.
Ha
sa
n
,
A.
H.
Ali,
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
“
T
h
e
c
las
sifica
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
rn
a
ra
b
ic
p
o
e
try
u
si
n
g
m
a
c
h
in
e
lea
rn
in
g
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NI
KA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
,
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
6
6
7
-
2
6
7
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
A.
H.
Ali,
"
F
u
z
z
y
g
e
n
e
ra
li
z
e
d
He
b
b
ian
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
larg
e
-
sc
a
le
in
tru
sio
n
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
,
"
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
teg
ra
ted
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
1
-
9
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
7
]
A.
H.
Ali
,
M
.
Z
.
Ab
d
u
ll
a
h
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
fo
r
b
ig
d
a
ta
c
las
sifica
ti
o
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
h
y
b
r
id
p
a
ra
ll
e
l
d
ime
n
sio
n
a
l
it
y
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
u
si
n
g
sp
a
rk
c
l
u
ste
r,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
1
3
-
31,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
8
]
O.
A.
Ha
m
m
o
o
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
An
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
tra
n
sm
it
p
a
c
k
e
t
c
o
d
in
g
wi
th
t
ru
st
-
b
a
se
d
re
lay
n
o
d
e
s
in
VA
NET
s,
”
Bu
ll
e
ti
n
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
c
s,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
8
5
-
6
9
7
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
1
9
]
O
.
A
.
H
a
m
m
o
o
d
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
T
h
e
V
A
N
E
T
-
S
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
D
a
t
a
P
a
c
k
e
t
F
o
r
w
a
r
d
i
n
g
I
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
,
”
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
L
e
t
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
4
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
7
4
2
3
-
7
4
2
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
O.
A.
Ha
m
m
o
o
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
RES
P
:
R
e
lay
S
u
it
a
b
il
it
y
-
b
a
se
d
R
o
u
ti
n
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
l
fo
r
Vi
d
e
o
S
trea
m
in
g
i
n
Ve
h
icu
lar
Ad
H
o
c
Ne
two
rk
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
s,
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
&
Co
n
tro
l
,
v
o
l.
1
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
1
-
3
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
1
]
Z.
H.
S
a
li
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
In
te
g
ra
ti
n
g
t
h
e
S
o
lar
En
e
r
g
y
S
o
u
rc
e
o
n
S
tab
il
it
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
Distrib
u
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
,
”
2
0
1
9
2
2
n
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
n
tro
l
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(CS
C
S
),
p
p
.
4
4
3
-
4
4
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
R.
A.
Ha
sa
n
,
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
N.
Ţăp
u
ş,
a
n
d
O.
A.
Ha
m
m
o
o
d
,
"
A
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
stu
d
y
:
An
t
C
o
lo
n
y
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
(ACO
)
fo
r
fa
c
il
it
y
lay
o
u
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
"
2
0
1
7
1
6
th
Ro
E
d
u
Ne
t
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
:
Ne
two
rk
in
g
in
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
(Ro
Ed
u
Ne
t),
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
3
]
R.
A.
Ha
sa
n
a
n
d
M
.
N.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
“
A
k
ril
l
h
e
r
d
b
e
h
a
v
io
u
r
in
sp
ir
e
d
lo
a
d
b
a
la
n
c
in
g
o
f
tas
k
s
in
c
l
o
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
”
S
tu
d
ies
in
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
1
3
-
4
2
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
4
]
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
R.
A.
Ha
sa
n
,
“
P
a
rti
c
le sw
a
rm
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
fo
r
fa
c
il
it
y
lay
o
u
t
p
ro
b
lem
s F
LP
—
A co
m
p
re
h
e
n
siv
e
stu
d
y
,
”
2
0
1
7
1
3
t
h
IEE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
telli
g
e
n
t
Co
mp
u
ter
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
(ICCP),
p
p
.
9
3
-
99
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
5
]
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
A
F
o
c
a
l
lo
a
d
b
a
lan
c
e
r
-
b
a
se
d
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
tas
k
a
ss
ig
n
m
e
n
t
in
c
l
o
u
d
e
n
v
i
ro
n
m
e
n
t,
"
1
0
th
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
C
o
mp
u
ter
s a
n
d
Arti
f
icia
l
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
(ECA
I),
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
6
]
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
A.
A.
Ka
m
il
,
R.
A.
Ha
sa
n
,
a
n
d
N.
Ta
p
u
s
,
"
An
E
ffe
c
ti
v
e
Co
n
tex
t
S
e
n
siti
v
e
Offlo
a
d
in
g
S
y
ste
m
fo
r
M
o
b
i
le
Cl
o
u
d
E
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts
u
si
n
g
S
u
p
p
o
rt
Va
lu
e
-
b
a
se
d
Clas
sifica
ti
o
n
,
"
S
c
a
l
a
b
le
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
6
8
7
-
6
9
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
7
]
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
I.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
R.
A.
Ha
sa
n
,
N.
Ţăp
u
ş,
A.
H.
Ali,
a
n
d
O.
A.
Ha
m
m
o
o
d
,
"
G
re
e
n
En
e
rg
y
S
o
u
rc
e
s:
Iss
u
e
s
a
n
d
C
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s,
"
2
0
1
9
1
8
th
R
o
Ed
u
Ne
t
C
o
n
fe
r
e
n
c
e
:
Ne
two
rk
i
n
g
i
n
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Re
se
a
rc
h
(Ro
Ed
u
Ne
t),
p
p
.
1
-
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
8
]
M
.
A.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
a
n
d
N.
ŢĂP
U
Ş
,
"
A
No
v
e
l
A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
o
f
Re
d
u
c
i
n
g
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
b
y
Ut
il
iz
in
g
En
th
a
lp
y
in
M
o
b
i
le Cl
o
u
d
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
"
S
t
u
d
i
e
s in
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
,
v
o
l
.
2
6
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
2
5
-
4
3
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
9
]
N.
Q.
M
o
h
a
m
m
e
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
An
a
ly
sis b
e
twe
e
n
S
o
lar an
d
Wi
n
d
T
u
rb
i
n
e
En
e
r
g
y
S
o
u
rc
e
s i
n
Io
T
Ba
se
d
o
n
Eco
n
o
m
ica
l
a
n
d
Eff
icie
n
c
y
Co
n
si
d
e
ra
ti
o
n
s,
"
2
0
1
9
2
2
n
d
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
Co
n
tr
o
l
S
y
ste
m
s
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
(CS
CS
),
2
0
1
9
.
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