T
E
L
K
O
M
NIKA
T
elec
o
mm
un
ica
t
io
n,
Co
m
pu
t
ing
,
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2020
,
p
p
.
2
1
4
0
~
214
7
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
,
ac
cr
ed
ited
First Gr
ad
e
b
y
Ke
m
e
n
r
is
te
k
d
i
k
ti,
Dec
r
ee
No
: 2
1
/E/KPT
/2
0
1
8
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
.
v
1
8
i4
.
1
5
0
3
2
2140
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//jo
u
r
n
a
l.u
a
d
.
a
c.
id
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/TELK
OM
N
I
K
A
M
o
dified
m
o
th
sw
a
rm
alg
o
rith
m
f
o
r opti
m
a
l
econo
m
ic
loa
d
dispa
tch
pro
ble
m
P
hu
T
rie
u H
a
1
,
H
a
nh
M
inh
H
o
a
ng
2
,
T
hu
a
n T
ha
nh
Ng
uy
en
3
,
T
ha
ng
T
ru
ng
Ng
uy
en
4
1
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
-
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
S
a
ig
o
n
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
V
ietn
a
m
2
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
T
h
u
Du
c
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
3
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
In
d
u
strial
U
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ho
Ch
i
M
i
n
h
Cit
y
,
V
ietn
a
m
4
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
Re
se
a
rc
h
G
ro
u
p
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
E
lec
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
T
o
n
Du
c
T
h
a
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
V
ietn
a
m
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Dec
2
0
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
i
s
ed
Ma
r
1
7
,
2
0
2
0
A
cc
ep
ted
A
p
r
1
2
,
2
0
2
0
In
t
h
is
stu
d
y
,
o
p
ti
m
a
l
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic l
o
a
d
d
isp
a
tch
p
r
o
b
lem
(OEL
D) i
s re
so
lv
e
d
b
y
a
n
o
v
e
l
im
p
ro
v
e
d
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
.
T
h
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
m
o
d
if
ied
m
o
th
s
w
a
r
m
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
(M
M
S
A
),
is
d
e
v
e
lo
p
e
d
b
y
p
ro
p
o
s
in
g
tw
o
m
o
d
if
ica
ti
o
n
s
o
n
t
h
e
c
las
sic
a
l
m
o
th
sw
a
r
m
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
(M
S
A
).
T
h
e
f
ir
st
m
o
d
if
ica
ti
o
n
a
p
p
li
e
s
a
n
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
f
o
rm
u
la
to
re
p
lac
e
a
n
in
e
ff
e
c
ti
v
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
o
f
th
e
m
u
tatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
.
T
h
e
se
c
o
n
d
m
o
d
if
ic
a
ti
o
n
is
to
c
a
n
c
e
l
th
e
c
ro
ss
o
v
e
r
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
.
F
o
r
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
e
ff
icie
n
t
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
m
e
th
o
d
,
d
if
f
e
re
n
t
s
y
st
e
m
s
w
it
h
d
isc
o
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
o
b
jec
ti
v
e
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
c
o
m
p
li
c
a
ted
c
o
n
stra
in
ts
a
re
u
se
d
.
Ex
p
e
rime
n
t
re
su
lt
s
o
n
th
e
i
n
v
e
stig
a
ted
c
a
s
e
s
sh
o
w
th
a
t
th
e
p
ro
p
o
se
d
m
e
th
o
d
c
a
n
g
e
t
les
s
c
o
st
a
n
d
a
c
h
iev
e
sta
b
le
se
a
rc
h
a
b
il
it
y
th
a
n
M
S
A
.
A
s
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
t
o
o
th
e
r
p
re
v
io
u
s m
e
th
o
d
s
,
M
M
S
A
c
a
n
a
r
c
h
iv
e
e
q
u
a
l
o
r
b
e
tt
e
r
re
su
lt
s.
F
r
o
m
th
is v
iew
,
it
c
a
n
g
iv
e
a
c
o
n
c
lu
sio
n
th
a
t
M
M
S
A
m
e
th
o
d
c
a
n
b
e
v
a
lu
e
d
a
s
a
u
se
f
u
l
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
OEL
D p
ro
b
lem
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
D
i
s
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
M
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
m
o
t
h
s
w
a
r
m
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
O
p
t
im
a
l
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
l
o
a
d
d
i
s
p
a
t
c
h
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
T
h
an
g
T
r
u
n
g
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
E
lectr
ical
a
n
d
E
lect
r
o
n
ics E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
T
o
n
Du
c
T
h
an
g
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
,
Ho
C
h
i
Mi
n
h
C
it
y
7
0
0
0
0
0
,
Vietn
a
m
E
m
ail:
n
g
u
y
en
tr
u
n
g
t
h
a
n
g
@
td
t
u
.
ed
u
.
v
n
No
m
e
ncla
t
ure
B
tn
,
B
0
t
,
B
00
C
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s o
f
B
-
ma
t
r
i
x
f
o
r
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ss
i
o
n
p
o
w
e
r
l
o
ss
Cp
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
a
n
d
o
ml
y
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s a
mo
n
g
D
i
m
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s
D
s
T
o
t
a
l
s
y
st
e
m d
e
man
d
D
i
m
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
s o
f
e
a
c
h
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
12
,
,
r
1
,
r
2,
r
3
R
a
n
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
s d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
u
n
i
f
o
r
ml
y
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
[
0
,
1
]
j
T
h
e
jth
v
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
t
h
n
e
w
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
L
p1
,
L
p2
Tw
o
L
é
v
y
f
l
i
g
h
t
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
m
t
,
n
t
,
o
t
F
u
e
l
c
o
st
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s o
f
t
h
e
t
t
h
t
h
e
r
mal
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
m
tS
,
n
tS
,
o
tS
F
u
e
l
c
o
st
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
c
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
s fo
r
t
h
e
S
f
u
e
l
t
y
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
tth
t
h
e
r
mal
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
n
1
,
n
2
,
n
3
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
g
r
o
u
p
1
,
g
r
o
u
p
2
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
p
3
tS
tS
PP
,
m
i
n
,
m
ax
,
T
h
e
mi
n
i
mu
m
a
n
d
max
i
mu
m
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
tth
t
h
e
r
mal
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
c
o
r
r
e
sp
o
n
d
i
n
g
t
o
t
h
e
f
u
e
l
c
o
st
so
u
r
c
e
S
P
t
P
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
t
t
h
t
h
e
r
mal
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Mo
d
ified
mo
th
s
w
a
r
m
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
fo
r
o
p
tima
l e
co
n
o
mic
lo
a
d
d
is
p
a
tch
p
r
o
b
lem
(
Th
a
n
g
Tr
u
n
g
N
g
u
ye
n
)
2141
tt
PP
,
m
i
n
,
m
a
x
,
T
h
e
mi
n
i
mu
m
a
n
d
max
i
mu
m
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
t
h
e
tth
t
h
e
r
mal
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
t
j
t
j
lu
PP
1
,
T
h
e
l
o
w
e
r
a
n
d
u
p
p
e
r
l
i
mi
t
s o
f
t
h
e
jth
p
r
o
h
i
b
i
t
e
d
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
z
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
tth
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
u
n
i
t
t
,
T
T
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
t
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
max
i
m
u
m
i
t
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
V
r1
, V
r2
,
V
r3
,
V
r
4,
V
r5
,
V
rA
R
a
n
d
o
ml
y
sel
e
c
t
e
d
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m so
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
b
e
st
Gb
e
st
V
V
,
T
h
e
b
e
st
so
l
u
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
r
o
u
p
1
,
g
r
o
u
p
2
a
n
d
a
l
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
a
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
,
elec
tr
ic
e
n
er
g
y
i
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
t
h
er
m
al
p
lan
ts
,
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
w
er
p
la
n
t
s
an
d
r
en
e
w
ab
le
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t
s
.
T
h
e
f
u
el
co
s
t o
f
r
en
e
w
ab
le
p
o
w
er
p
lan
ts
s
u
c
h
as so
lar
t
h
er
m
al
p
la
n
t
s
,
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
o
w
er
p
lan
t
s
an
d
w
in
d
t
u
r
b
in
e
s
is
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
eq
u
al
to
ze
r
o
;
h
o
w
ev
er
,
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ar
e
u
n
s
tab
le
a
n
d
ch
an
g
ea
b
le
d
u
r
in
g
a
s
m
al
l
i
n
ter
v
al.
On
t
h
e
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
th
e
f
u
el
co
s
t
f
o
r
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
er
m
al
p
lan
t
s
i
s
v
er
y
ex
p
en
s
iv
e
o
w
in
g
to
f
o
s
s
i
l
f
u
el.
I
n
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e,
th
e
f
o
s
s
i
l
f
u
el
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
g
as
co
al,
an
d
o
il
b
ec
o
m
es
ex
h
a
u
s
ted
.
So
,
th
e
f
u
e
l
co
s
t
o
f
th
er
m
a
l
p
lan
t
s
is
t
h
e
m
ain
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
So
f
ar
,
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
d
ea
lin
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
f
u
el
co
s
t
o
f
t
h
er
m
a
l
p
lan
ts
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
b
y
a
n
o
p
ti
m
al
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
ad
d
is
p
atch
p
r
o
b
lem
(
OE
L
D)
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
OE
L
D
p
r
o
b
lem
i
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
b
est
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
allo
ca
tin
g
th
e
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
all
a
v
ailab
le
t
h
er
m
al
p
la
n
ts
s
o
th
at
to
tal
f
u
el
co
s
t
o
f
p
lan
ts
ca
n
b
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
at
least
le
v
e
l
[
1
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
to
s
tu
d
y
th
r
ee
s
y
s
te
m
s
t
h
at
a
r
e
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
to
test
th
e
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
ab
ilit
y
o
f
o
p
tim
izatio
n
to
o
ls
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
6
u
n
its
co
n
s
id
er
s
s
in
g
le
f
u
el,
p
r
o
h
ib
ited
zo
n
es
an
d
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
1
0
u
n
its
co
n
s
id
er
s
m
u
l
tip
le
f
u
e
ls
.
T
h
e
last
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
2
0
u
n
i
ts
co
n
s
id
er
s
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es
i
n
th
e
lin
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
Fo
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
y
s
te
m
,
a
h
u
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
et
h
o
d
s
co
n
s
i
s
tin
g
o
f
m
o
d
i
f
ied
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
(
MP
SO)
[
1
]
,
h
y
b
r
id
b
ac
ter
ial
f
o
r
ag
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
Nel
d
er
Me
ad
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
HB
FN
M)
[
2
]
,
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
ev
o
lu
tio
n
(
DE
)
alg
o
r
it
h
m
[
3
]
,
m
u
ltip
le
tab
u
s
ea
r
ch
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
MT
S)
[
4
]
,
s
elf
-
o
r
g
a
n
izin
g
h
i
er
ar
ch
ical
p
ar
ticl
e
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
(
SO
H_
P
SO)
[
5
]
,
n
e
w
ad
ap
tiv
e
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
(
N
A
P
SO)
[
6
]
,
k
r
ill
h
er
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
KH
A
)
[
7
]
,
ch
ao
tic
b
at
m
et
h
o
d
(
C
B
M)
[
8
]
,
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
m
ar
k
et
m
et
h
o
d
(
E
MM
)
[
9
]
,
ad
ap
tiv
e
ch
ar
g
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
ea
r
ch
m
et
h
o
d
(
A
C
S
S
)
[
1
0
]
,
o
p
p
o
s
itio
n
b
ased
k
r
ill
h
er
d
m
et
h
o
d
(
OKHM
)
[
1
1
]
,
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
o
cial
s
p
id
er
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
I
SS
O)
[
1
2
]
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
il
y
ap
p
lied
.
I
n
th
is
m
et
h
o
d
g
r
o
u
p
,
MP
SO
[
1
]
is
a
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
tim
izatio
n
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
in
2
0
0
7
w
h
ile
I
SS
O
[
1
2
]
is
a
v
ar
i
an
t
o
f
s
o
cial
s
p
id
er
o
p
tim
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
SS
O)
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
2
0
1
9
.
I
SS
O
w
a
s
im
p
r
o
v
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
class
ica
l
SS
O
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
th
r
ee
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
o
p
tim
a
l
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
I
SS
O
w
er
e
b
etter
th
an
MP
SO
an
d
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
Fo
r
1
0
-
u
n
i
t
s
y
s
te
m
,
m
a
n
y
m
et
h
o
d
s
as
DE
[
3
]
,
an
tlio
n
o
p
tim
iza
tio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
AL
O)
[
1
3
]
,
ar
tif
icial
i
m
m
u
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
(
A
I
S)
m
et
h
o
d
[
1
4
]
,
en
h
an
ce
d
au
g
m
e
n
ted
L
a
g
r
an
g
e
Ho
p
f
ield
n
et
wo
r
k
(
E
AL
HN)
[
1
5
]
,
en
h
a
n
ce
d
lag
r
an
g
ia
n
ar
ti
f
icia
l
n
eu
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
(
E
L
ANN)
[
1
6
]
,
im
p
r
o
v
ed
q
u
an
t
u
m
-
b
e
h
a
v
e
d
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
izati
o
n
(
I
QP
SO)
[
1
7
]
,
m
o
d
i
f
ied
f
ir
e
f
l
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
M
F
A
)
[
1
8
]
an
d
m
o
d
if
ied
s
to
c
h
as
tic
f
r
ac
tal
s
ea
r
ch
alg
o
r
it
h
m
(
M
SF
S)
[
1
9
]
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
ll
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
w
ith
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
ess
i
v
e
r
esu
l
ts
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
ese
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
MSFS
is
t
h
e
lates
t
to
o
l
th
at
h
a
s
b
ee
n
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
th
r
ee
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
s
to
c
h
ast
ic
f
r
ac
tal
s
ea
r
ch
(
SF
S).
B
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
th
ese
m
o
d
if
ica
tio
n
s
,
t
h
e
s
ea
r
c
h
ab
ilit
y
o
f
MS
FS
h
as
b
ee
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
l
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
w
h
e
n
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
SF
S
i
n
ter
m
o
f
s
o
lu
tio
n
q
u
alit
y
,
co
n
v
e
r
g
e
n
ce
s
p
ee
d
an
d
s
tab
ilizatio
n
.
Fo
r
th
e
last
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
e
v
er
al
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
OE
L
D
p
r
o
b
le
m
.
T
h
e
y
in
cl
u
d
e
MF
A
[
1
8
]
,
MSFS
[
1
9
]
,
Ho
p
f
ield
m
o
d
el
(
HM
)
[
2
0
]
,
b
i
o
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
y
-
b
ased
o
p
tim
izatio
n
(
B
B
O)
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
2
1
]
,
g
en
er
al
alg
eb
r
aic
m
o
d
el
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
(
G
A
MS)
[
2
2
]
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
g
r
o
u
p
s
ea
r
ch
o
p
tim
izer
(
I
GSO)
[
2
3
]
,
b
ac
k
t
r
ac
k
in
g
s
ea
r
ch
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
B
SA
)
[
2
4
]
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
cu
ck
o
o
s
ea
r
ch
alg
o
r
ith
m
(
I
C
S
A
)
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
is
wo
r
th
y
o
f
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
in
d
ea
lin
g
w
it
h
s
u
c
h
OE
L
D
p
r
o
b
lem
b
ec
au
s
e
t
h
ese
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
s
s
u
p
p
l
y
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
in
ai
m
to
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
ec
o
n
o
m
ica
l
an
d
s
tab
le
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Mo
th
S
w
ar
m
Alg
o
r
it
h
m
(
M
S
A
)
w
as
a
p
o
p
u
latio
n
-
b
ased
m
et
h
o
d
th
at
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
2
0
1
7
[
2
6
]
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
MS
A
h
a
s
u
s
ed
t
h
r
ee
p
h
ases
in
cl
u
d
in
g
r
ec
o
n
n
a
i
s
s
a
n
ce
p
h
ase,
tr
an
s
v
er
s
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
p
h
a
s
e
an
d
ce
lest
ial
n
a
v
i
g
atio
n
p
h
a
s
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
n
e
w
s
o
l
u
tio
n
,
it
o
n
l
y
h
as
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
e
w
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
eq
u
ali
n
g
to
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
MS
A
i
s
lo
w
s
o
lu
tio
n
q
u
alit
y
,
m
a
n
y
ca
lc
u
lat
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
a
n
d
v
ar
iatio
n
s
ea
r
ch
es
b
y
o
w
n
i
n
g
m
a
n
y
f
o
r
m
u
las.
I
n
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
a
m
o
d
if
ied
m
o
t
h
s
w
ar
m
al
g
o
r
ith
m
(
MM
S
A
)
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
u
r
s
u
a
n
t
to
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
M
S
A
b
y
ca
n
ce
li
n
g
in
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
f
o
r
m
u
las
a
n
d
u
s
i
n
g
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
o
n
e
to
d
ea
l
w
it
h
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
s
o
f
MS
A
.
Via
t
h
r
ee
test
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
t
h
e
r
es
u
lts
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
o
n
es
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
OE
L
D
p
r
o
b
lem
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
th
e
k
e
y
w
o
r
k
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ca
n
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
-
P
o
in
t o
u
t d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
o
f
MS
A
-
Su
g
g
e
s
t h
ig
h
l
y
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
o
n
MS
A
-
MM
S
A
h
a
s
a
f
a
s
ter
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
ti
m
e
an
d
r
ea
ch
e
s
a
h
i
g
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
en
h
an
ce
s
s
tab
le
s
e
ar
ch
ab
ilit
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
0
:
2
1
4
0
-
2
1
4
7
2142
2.
M
O
DE
L
O
F
E
CO
NO
M
I
C
L
O
AD
DI
SPATCH
2
.
1
.
O
bje
ct
iv
e
f
un
ct
io
n
R
ed
u
ci
n
g
to
tal
f
u
el
co
s
t
(
TC
)
o
f
all
u
n
it
s
av
ailab
le
i
n
th
e
p
lan
t
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
m
o
m
e
n
to
u
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
OE
L
D
p
r
o
b
le
m
[
2
7
]
.
I
ts
m
at
h
e
m
atica
l
m
o
d
el
is
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
b
y
:
(
1
)
w
h
er
e
TG
t
i
s
a
co
s
t
f
u
n
c
tio
n
o
f
th
e
tth
th
er
m
al
u
n
i
t
an
d
I
t
s
v
ar
iab
le
i
s
a
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
u
n
it
t
.
TG
t
is
estab
lis
h
ed
b
y
t
w
o
f
o
r
m
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
t
w
o
ca
s
es
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
s
i
n
g
le
f
u
el
o
r
m
u
lti
f
u
el
s
o
u
r
ce
s
as
g
i
v
en
i
n
(
2
)
an
d
(
3
)
[
2
8
]
.
t
t
t
t
t
t
T
G
m
n
o
P
P
2
,
t=
1,
NG
(
2
)
2
1
1
1
1
,
m
i
n
1
,
m
ax
2
,
m
i
n
,
m
ax
,
fu
el
1,
,
fue
l
1,
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
tS
tS
t
tS
t
tS
t
tS
m
n
P
o
P
P
P
P
TG
m
n
P
o
P
P
P
P
(
3
)
2
.
2
.
Co
ns
t
ra
ints o
f
O
E
L
D
p
ro
ble
m
T
h
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
OE
L
D
p
r
o
b
le
m
m
u
s
t b
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
-
B
alan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
id
e
a
n
d
d
e
m
an
d
s
id
e:
T
h
e
en
tire
t
y
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
d
e
m
a
n
d
(
D
s
)
an
d
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
e
s
i
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
li
n
e
s
(
P
Loss
)
h
as a
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
w
i
th
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
u
n
its
as t
h
e
(
4
)
[
2
9
]
.
L
o
ss
NG
s
t
t
P
DP
1
(
4
)
In
(
4
)
,
th
e
to
tal
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
es i
n
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
li
n
es
P
Loss
is
ca
l
cu
lated
b
y
N
G
N
G
N
G
L
o
s
s
t
t
n
n
t
t
t
n
t
P
P
B
P
B
P
B
0
0
0
1
1
1
(
5
)
-
Gen
er
atio
n
r
estrict
io
n
:
Fo
r
ea
ch
u
n
it
t
,
it
s
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
g
e
n
er
ated
is
li
m
ited
b
y
[
3
0
]
t
t
t
P
P
P
,
mi
n
,
ma
x
(
6
)
-
Vio
lated
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
zo
n
e
r
estrict
io
n
: A
s
t
h
e
d
r
a
w
b
ac
k
o
f
s
o
m
e
eq
u
ip
m
e
n
t
o
f
u
n
i
t,
p
r
o
h
ib
ited
o
p
er
atin
g
zo
n
es
ar
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
.
I
n
t
h
ese
zo
n
e
s
,
t
h
er
m
al
u
n
it
s
d
o
n
o
t
o
p
er
ate.
T
h
e
t
y
p
ical
r
estrictio
n
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
f
o
r
m
[
7
]
,
tj
tj
tN
k
l
t
t
t
ul
t
t
u
tt
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
1
,
m
i
n
1
,
m
ax
(
7
)
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
3
.
1
.
M
o
t
h s
w
a
rm
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
MS
A
[
2
6
]
w
as
also
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
to
f
i
n
d
th
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
in
itial
p
o
p
u
lati
o
n
w
it
h
n
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
g
r
o
u
p
s
w
ith
n
1
,
n
2
an
d
n
3
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
r
ee
p
h
ase
s
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
n
e
w
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
etail
o
f
th
ese
p
h
ases
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
b
elo
w
:
-
R
e
c
o
n
n
a
i
s
s
a
n
c
e
Ph
a
s
e
:
F
i
r
s
t
l
y
,
t
h
e
m
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
i
s
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
c
r
e
a
t
i
n
g
n
ew
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
s
a
s
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
l
p
r
p
r
r
p
r
r
S
V
L
V
V
L
V
V
p
n
1
1
2
3
2
4
5
1
.
.
;
1
,
2
,
,
(
8
)
S
e
c
o
n
d
ly
,
a
d
a
p
t
iv
e
c
r
o
s
s
o
v
e
r
te
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
is
u
s
e
d
in
a
im
t
o
c
r
ea
t
e
th
e
m
ix
e
d
s
o
lu
t
i
o
n
s
,
pj
Y
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
(
9
)
NG
t
t
R
e
d
u
ci
n
g
T
C
TG
1
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Mo
d
ified
mo
th
s
w
a
r
m
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
fo
r
o
p
tima
l e
co
n
o
mic
lo
a
d
d
is
p
a
tch
p
r
o
b
lem
(
Th
a
n
g
Tr
u
n
g
N
g
u
ye
n
)
2143
pj
pj
pj
V
j
C
p
Y
j
D
i
m
S
j
C
p
,
,
,
i
f
;
(
1
,
2
,.
..
,
)
i
f
(
9
)
T
h
ir
d
ly
,
s
elec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
ap
p
lied
to
co
m
p
ar
e
b
et
w
ee
n
o
l
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
a
n
d
m
i
x
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
f
it
n
es
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
to
k
ee
p
b
etter
o
n
es a
s
d
ep
icted
in
(
1
0
)
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
V
i
f
F
i
tne
s
s
Y
F
i
tne
s
s
V
V
Y
i
f
F
i
tne
s
s
Y
F
i
tne
s
s
V
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
1
0
)
Fo
r
th
e
n
ex
t
p
h
ase,
V
Lights
co
n
t
ain
i
n
g
n
s
o
lu
t
io
n
s
is
c
h
o
s
e
n
,
i
n
w
h
ic
h
ea
ch
s
o
l
u
tio
n
is
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
r
a
n
d
o
m
l
y
s
elec
ti
n
g
t
h
e
k
ep
t so
l
u
tio
n
s
i
n
g
r
o
u
p
1
.
-
T
r
an
s
v
er
s
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
p
h
ase:
I
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase,
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
ar
e
u
p
d
ated
b
y
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
(
1
1
)
,
i
i
L
i
g
h
ts
i
i
V
V
V
e
V
i
n
n
n
n
,
1
1
1
2
.
.
co
s
2
;
1
,
2
,
,
(
1
1
)
w
h
er
e
is
a
r
an
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
w
i
th
i
n
th
e
i
n
ter
v
al
[
-
1
-
(
t/T
)
,
1
]
[
2
6
]
;
n
2
is
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
:
t
n
r
ou
nd
n
n
T
21
(
)
1
(
1
2
)
-
C
elestia
l n
a
v
i
g
atio
n
p
h
a
s
e:
I
n
th
e
last
p
h
ase,
n
3
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
t
w
o
g
r
o
u
p
s
a
n
d
n
e
w
l
y
u
p
d
ated
b
y
:
k
k
r
A
b
e
s
t
k
V
V
V
V
V
k
n
n
n
1
2
2
1
.
.
;
1
,
.
.
.
,
(
1
3
)
k
k
r
A
l
i
g
t
h
k
k
b
e
s
t
k
tt
V
V
r
V
r
V
V
r
V
V
k
n
n
n
TT
1
2
,
3
2
1
2
.
1
;
1
,
.
.
.
,
(
1
4
)
3
.
2
.
T
he
m
o
dified
m
o
t
h
s
w
a
r
m
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
As
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
(
8
)
,
n
e
w
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
s
v
ia
th
e
m
u
tatio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
ar
e
u
p
d
ated
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
a
r
an
d
o
m
s
o
lu
tio
n
w
it
h
t
w
o
s
tep
s
ize
s
an
d
t
w
o
L
é
v
y
Fli
g
h
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
C
lear
l
y
,
t
h
e
n
e
w
l
y
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
ar
e
al
w
a
y
s
u
p
d
ated
ar
o
u
n
d
r
an
d
o
m
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
a
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
l
y
s
elec
ted
o
n
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
lo
ited
m
an
y
ti
m
e
s
f
o
r
u
p
d
atin
g
n
e
w
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
w
h
ile
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
co
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
u
s
ed
.
I
n
ad
d
iti
o
n
,
th
e
ex
p
lo
itatio
n
s
p
ac
e
o
f
L
év
y
Fl
ig
h
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
i
s
v
er
y
lar
g
e.
So
,
if
s
u
c
h
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
is
u
s
ed
t
w
o
ti
m
e
s
,
s
o
m
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
s
ea
r
ch
zo
n
e
ca
n
b
e
elim
i
n
ated
.
T
o
c
o
v
er
th
e
d
r
aw
b
ac
k
s
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
n
e
w
f
o
r
m
u
la
to
r
ep
lace
w
it
h
(
8
)
as p
r
esen
ted
in
(
1
5
)
.
p
p
p
p
Gb
e
st
V
V
L
V
V
p
n
11
.
;
1
,
2
,
,
(
1
5
)
As
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
(
9
)
,
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
ap
p
lied
to
m
i
x
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
Ob
v
io
u
s
l
y
,
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
o
es
n
o
t
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
q
u
ali
t
y
o
f
m
i
x
ed
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
b
etter
th
an
th
a
t
o
f
o
ld
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
B
y
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
t,
w
e
s
a
w
t
h
at
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ig
n
o
r
ed
.
I
t
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
all
n
e
w
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
u
p
d
ated
b
y
u
s
in
g
(
8
)
ar
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
o
ld
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
k
ee
p
b
etter
o
n
es
4.
NUM
E
RICAL
R
E
SU
L
T
S
T
o
a
p
p
r
aise
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MM
SA
,
6
-
u
n
it
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
s
i
n
g
le
f
u
el
s
o
u
r
ce
w
it
h
p
r
o
h
ib
ited
zo
n
es
an
d
p
o
w
er
lo
s
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
s
[
3
]
,
1
0
-
u
n
it s
y
s
te
m
r
elati
n
g
to
m
u
ltip
le
f
u
e
l
s
o
u
r
ce
s
[
1
5
]
,
an
d
20
-
u
n
it
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
s
i
n
g
le
f
u
el
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
p
o
w
er
l
o
s
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
t
[
2
5
]
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
d
etailed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
ab
r
id
g
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
On
e
h
u
n
d
r
ed
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
t
r
ial
r
u
n
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
f
o
r
MS
A
an
d
M
MS
A
o
n
a
P
C
w
ith
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
C
o
r
e
i5
–
2
.
2
GHz
an
d
4
GB
o
f
R
A
M.
4.
1
.
I
nv
estig
a
t
ing
t
he
i
m
pro
v
ed
lev
el
o
f
t
he
pro
po
s
ed
m
e
t
ho
d
I
n
th
is
s
ec
t
io
n
,
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
lev
el
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
o
v
er
MSA
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
a
m
i
n
e
d
.
R
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
t
h
e
t
w
o
m
e
th
o
d
s
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
es 1
-
6
.
Fit
n
e
s
s
u
n
d
er
1
0
0
r
u
n
s
f
o
r
th
r
ee
ca
s
e
s
ar
e
d
is
p
la
y
ed
in
Fig
u
r
es
1
,
3
an
d
5
w
h
ile
th
e
b
est
co
s
t
(
M
in
.
F
C
)
,
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
co
s
t
(
A
ve
r
.
F
C
)
,
a
n
d
th
e
w
o
r
s
t
co
s
t
(
Ma
x.
F
C
)
ar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
0
:
2
1
4
0
-
2
1
4
7
2144
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
es
2
,
4
an
d
6
.
Fig
u
r
es
1
,
3
an
d
5
in
d
icate
th
at
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
b
est
co
s
t
an
d
th
e
w
o
r
s
t
co
s
t
v
alu
e
s
o
f
MM
S
A
ar
e
al
w
a
y
s
s
m
aller
th
a
n
th
o
s
e
o
f
MS
A
.
E
s
p
ec
iall
y
,
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
f
o
r
1
0
-
u
n
it
s
y
s
te
m
w
it
h
lo
ad
d
em
a
n
d
o
f
2
4
0
0
MW
,
2
5
0
0
MW
,
an
d
2
7
0
0
MW
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
f
o
r
2
0
-
u
n
it
s
y
s
te
m
,
al
m
o
s
t
all
r
u
n
s
o
f
MM
S
A
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
l
y
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ted
o
n
lin
e.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
an
d
MS
A
is
also
r
ec
k
o
n
ed
u
n
d
er
1
0
0
r
u
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
es
2
,
4
a
n
d
6
p
o
in
t
o
u
t
th
at
th
e
co
s
ts
o
f
MM
S
A
ar
e
b
etter
th
an
t
h
o
s
e
o
f
MS
A
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
t
h
o
d
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
o
b
tain
in
g
g
o
o
d
r
esu
lts
in
t
h
r
ee
ca
s
es.
T
ab
le
1
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
o
f
t
h
r
ee
u
s
ed
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
an
d
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
co
n
tr
o
l p
ar
am
eter
s
C
a
se
T
e
st
s
y
st
e
m
Ty
p
e
o
f
f
u
e
l
c
o
st
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
C
o
n
st
r
a
i
n
t
s
N
T
1
6
-
u
n
i
t
F
u
e
l
si
n
g
l
e
-
A
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
-
B
a
l
a
n
c
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
d
e
man
d
s
i
d
e
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
si
d
e
-
P
r
o
h
i
b
i
t
e
d
z
o
n
e
s
20
50
2
10
-
u
n
i
t
M
u
l
t
i
-
f
u
e
l
-
A
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
-
B
a
l
a
n
c
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
d
e
man
d
s
i
d
e
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
si
d
e
40
2
0
0
3
20
-
u
n
i
t
F
u
e
l
si
n
g
l
e
-
A
c
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
-
B
a
l
a
n
c
e
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
d
e
man
d
s
i
d
e
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
si
d
e
40
3
0
0
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
f
itn
es
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
g
iv
e
n
b
y
M
S
A
an
d
MM
S
A
m
e
th
o
d
s
o
v
er
1
0
0
r
u
n
s
f
o
r
ca
s
e
1
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
co
s
ts
f
r
o
m
MS
A
an
d
MM
S
A
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
ca
s
e
1
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
f
itn
es
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
g
iv
e
n
b
y
M
S
A
an
d
MM
S
A
m
eth
o
d
s
o
v
er
1
0
0
r
u
n
s
f
o
r
ca
s
e
2
w
it
h
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
lo
ad
d
e
m
an
d
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Mo
d
ified
mo
th
s
w
a
r
m
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
fo
r
o
p
tima
l e
co
n
o
mic
lo
a
d
d
is
p
a
tch
p
r
o
b
lem
(
Th
a
n
g
Tr
u
n
g
N
g
u
ye
n
)
2145
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
a
n
d
s
t
an
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
co
s
t f
r
o
m
M
S
A
an
d
MM
S
A
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
ca
s
e
2
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
f
itn
es
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
g
iv
e
n
b
y
M
S
A
an
d
MM
S
A
m
e
th
o
d
s
o
v
er
1
0
0
r
u
n
s
f
o
r
ca
s
e
3
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
co
s
ts
f
r
o
m
MS
A
an
d
MM
S
A
m
et
h
o
d
s
a
m
o
n
g
1
0
0
r
u
n
s
f
o
r
ca
s
e
3
4
.
2
.
Co
m
pa
ri
s
o
n o
f
re
s
ults o
n t
hree
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
I
n
O
E
L
D
p
r
o
b
l
em
,
t
h
e
b
e
s
t
c
o
s
t
i
s
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
b
e
a
m
ain
c
r
it
e
r
i
o
n
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
a
r
in
g
th
e
f
e
as
i
b
i
li
ty
o
f
MM
SA
o
n
s
e
a
r
ch
in
g
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
t
o
o
th
e
r
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
t
e
ch
n
i
q
u
es
.
I
n
t
h
e
c
as
e
1
,
th
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
f
r
o
m
F
ig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
M
M
SA
,
K
HA
[
7
]
,
E
M
M
[
9
]
,
O
K
H
M
[
1
1
]
,
an
d
I
SS
O
[
1
2
]
h
a
v
e
a
s
im
il
a
r
c
o
s
t
v
al
u
e
o
f
1
5
.
4
4
3
,
0
7
5
(
$
/
h
)
t
h
at
is
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
as
th
e
o
p
t
im
al
r
es
u
lt
o
f
t
h
i
s
c
a
s
e
.
C
B
A
[
8
]
i
s
th
e
w
o
r
s
t
o
n
e
w
ith
r
e
s
u
lt
o
f
1
5
.
4
5
0
,
2
3
8
(
$
/
h
)
.
F
o
r
c
as
e
2
,
f
r
o
m
T
a
b
l
e
2
t
h
e
f
iv
e
s
m
a
ll
e
s
t
r
e
s
u
l
ts
a
r
e
f
r
o
m
M
MSA
,
D
E
[
3
]
,
A
L
O
[
1
3
]
,
E
A
L
H
N
[
1
5
]
,
an
d
M
S
FS
[
1
9
]
am
o
n
g
s
t
t
h
e
n
in
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
l
o
a
d
d
em
an
d
s
.
T
h
e
b
e
s
t
c
o
s
t
s
c
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
in
g
t
o
f
o
u
r
l
ev
el
s
o
f
l
o
a
d
d
em
an
d
a
r
e
4
8
1
.
7
2
3
(
$
/
h
)
,
5
2
6
.
2
3
9
(
$
/
h
)
,
5
7
4
.
3
8
1
(
$
/
h
)
,
a
n
d
6
2
3
.
8
0
9
(
$
/
h
)
,
i
n
tu
r
n
s
.
E
L
A
N
N
[
1
6
]
h
a
s
b
ig
g
e
r
c
o
s
ts
th
an
n
in
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
m
eth
o
d
s
w
h
i
l
e
I
Q
PS
O
[
1
7
]
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
e
p
o
r
t
c
o
s
t
v
alu
e
f
o
r
l
o
a
d
d
em
a
n
d
o
f
2
7
0
0
(
M
W
)
.
T
h
e
b
e
s
t
c
o
s
t
o
f
6
2
,
4
5
6
.
6
3
3
(
$
/
h
)
is
t
h
e
s
m
a
ll
es
t
v
a
lu
e
f
o
r
c
a
s
e
3
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
s
h
o
w
s
th
a
t
M
M
SA
,
MS
FS
[
1
9
]
,
GA
MS
[
2
2
]
,
I
G
S
O
[
2
3
]
,
an
d
I
C
SA
[
2
5
]
a
t
t
ain
th
e
s
am
e
v
a
lu
e
an
d
a
r
e
p
u
t
a
t
th
e
t
o
p
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
e
r
e
s
t
g
r
o
u
p
h
a
s
a
p
r
es
en
c
e
o
f
M
FA
[
1
8
]
,
H
M
[
2
0
]
,
B
B
O
[
2
1
]
,
a
n
d
B
SA
[
2
4
]
w
i
th
th
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
r
e
s
u
l
ts
o
f
6
2
,
4
5
6
.
6
3
8
,
6
2
,
4
5
6
.
6
3
4
,
6
2
,
4
5
6
.
7
9
3
,
6
2
,
4
5
6
.
6
9
3
3
(
$
/
h
)
,
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
iv
e
ly
.
A
f
t
e
r
d
i
s
cu
s
s
i
n
g
th
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
r
e
s
u
lt
s
o
f
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
a
l
l
c
as
es
,
i
t
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
en
th
at
t
h
e
o
p
t
im
iza
t
i
o
n
r
esu
l
ts
o
f
MM
SA
w
e
r
e
e
q
u
a
l
o
r
b
e
t
t
e
r
th
an
t
h
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
o
t
h
e
r
a
lg
o
r
i
th
m
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
b
est co
s
t c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
en
t a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
6
-
u
n
it s
y
s
te
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
0
:
2
1
4
0
-
2
1
4
7
2146
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
b
est co
s
t c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
d
if
f
er
en
t a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
1
0
-
u
n
it s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
v
a
r
io
u
s
lo
ad
d
em
a
n
d
s
M
e
t
h
o
d
s
Mi
n
.
FC
(
$
/
h
)
D
s
=
2
4
0
0
D
s
=
2
5
0
0
D
s
=
2
6
0
0
D
s
=
2
7
0
0
D
E
[
3
]
4
8
1
.
7
2
3
5
2
6
.
2
3
9
5
7
4
.
3
8
1
6
2
3
.
8
0
9
A
L
O
[
1
3
]
4
8
1
.
7
2
3
5
2
6
.
2
3
9
5
7
4
.
3
8
1
6
2
3
.
8
0
9
A
I
S
[
1
4
]
4
8
1
.
7
2
3
5
2
6
.
2
4
0
5
7
4
.
3
8
1
6
2
3
.
8
0
9
EA
L
H
N
[
1
5
]
4
8
1
.
7
2
3
5
2
6
.
2
3
9
5
7
4
.
3
8
1
6
2
3
.
8
0
9
EL
A
N
N
[
1
6
]
4
8
1
.
7
4
0
5
2
6
.
2
7
0
5
7
4
.
4
1
0
6
2
3
.
8
8
0
I
Q
P
S
O
[
1
7
]
4
8
1
.
7
3
2
5
2
6
.
2
4
5
5
7
4
.
3
8
7
-
M
F
A
[
1
8
]
4
8
1
.
7
2
3
5
2
6
.
2
4
0
5
7
4
.
3
8
1
6
2
3
.
8
1
0
M
S
F
S
[
1
9
]
4
8
1
.
7
2
3
5
2
6
.
2
3
9
5
7
4
.
3
8
1
6
2
3
.
8
0
9
M
M
S
A
4
8
1
.
7
2
3
5
2
6
.
2
3
8
5
7
4
.
3
8
1
6
2
3
.
8
0
9
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
b
est co
s
t c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
a
m
o
n
g
d
i
f
f
er
en
t a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
2
0
-
u
n
it s
y
s
te
m
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MM
S
A
is
s
u
g
g
ested
f
o
r
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
o
p
ti
m
al
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
f
o
r
v
ar
i
o
u
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
f
th
e
OE
L
D
p
r
o
b
lem
.
MM
S
A
m
et
h
o
d
is
b
u
ilt
b
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
MSA
f
o
r
h
an
d
li
n
g
th
e
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
s
o
f
M
S
A
lik
e
lo
w
s
o
l
u
tio
n
q
u
alit
y
,
m
an
y
ca
lc
u
lat
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
an
d
v
ar
iat
io
n
s
ea
r
ch
es.
B
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
e
th
o
d
h
as
b
etter
s
o
l
u
tio
n
q
u
alit
y
a
n
d
s
m
aller
v
ar
iatio
n
th
an
MS
A
v
ia
th
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
th
r
ee
test
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
w
it
h
o
th
er
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
it
a
ls
o
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
MM
S
A
r
ea
c
h
es
t
h
e
b
est
co
s
t
v
al
u
e
to
b
e
eq
u
al
o
r
b
etter
th
an
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
all
ca
s
es
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
l
y
,
th
e
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
MM
S
A
o
v
er
o
t
h
er
r
ep
o
r
ted
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
h
as
a
ls
o
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
en
b
y
ca
lc
u
lat
in
g
s
av
i
n
g
co
s
t.
Na
m
el
y
,
th
e
s
a
v
i
n
g
co
s
t
ca
n
r
ea
ch
to
7
.
1
6
(
$
/h
)
f
o
r
ca
s
e
1
,
0
.
0
1
7
(
$
/h
)
f
o
r
ca
s
e
2
w
it
h
lo
ad
d
em
an
d
o
f
2
4
0
0
(
MW),
0
.
0
3
1
(
$
/h
)
f
o
r
ca
s
e
2
w
i
th
lo
ad
d
e
m
a
n
d
o
f
2
5
0
0
(
MW
)
,
0
.
0
2
9
(
$
/h
)
f
o
r
ca
s
e
2
w
it
h
lo
ad
d
e
m
an
d
o
f
2
6
0
0
(
MW
)
,
0
.
0
7
1
(
$
/h
)
f
o
r
ca
s
e
2
w
it
h
lo
ad
d
em
a
n
d
o
f
2
7
0
0
(
MW
)
an
d
0
.
1
6
(
$
/h
)
f
o
r
ca
s
e
3
.
A
s
a
r
esu
lt,
it
ca
n
d
ed
u
ce
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
co
u
ld
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
OE
L
D
p
r
o
b
lem
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
e
lv
a
k
u
m
a
r
A
.
I
.
,
T
h
a
n
u
sh
k
o
d
i
K
.
,
“
A
n
e
w
p
a
rti
c
le
s
w
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
so
l
u
ti
o
n
t
o
n
o
n
c
o
n
v
e
x
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
d
isp
a
tch
p
ro
b
lem
s
,”
IEE
E
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
p
o
we
r sy
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
4
2
-
5
1
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2007
.
[2
]
P
a
n
ig
ra
h
i
B
.
K
.
,
P
a
n
d
i
V
.
R
.
,
“
B
a
c
teria
l
f
o
ra
g
in
g
o
p
ti
m
isa
ti
o
n
:
N
e
ld
e
r
–
M
e
a
d
h
y
b
rid
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
isp
a
tch
,”
IE
T
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
,
tra
n
sm
issio
n
&
d
istrib
u
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
5
6
-
5
6
5
,
J
u
ly
2
0
0
8
.
[3
]
No
m
a
n
N
.
,
Ib
a
H
.
,
“
Diff
e
re
n
ti
a
l
e
v
o
lu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
is
p
a
tch
p
ro
b
lem
s
,”
El
e
c
tric
p
o
we
r
s
y
ste
ms
re
se
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
7
8
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
2
-
1
3
3
1
,
A
u
g
u
st 2
0
0
8
.
[4
]
P
o
th
iy
a
S
.
,
Ng
a
m
ro
o
I,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
m
u
lt
ip
le
tab
u
se
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
to
so
lv
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
d
isp
a
tch
c
o
n
sid
e
ri
n
g
g
e
n
e
ra
to
r
c
o
n
stra
in
ts
,”
En
e
rg
y
Co
n
v
e
rs
io
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
0
6
-
5
1
6
,
A
p
ril
2
0
0
8
.
[5
]
Ch
a
tu
rv
e
d
i
K
.
T
.
,
P
a
n
d
it
M
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
e
lf
-
o
rg
a
n
izin
g
h
iera
rc
h
ica
l
p
a
rti
c
le
s
w
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
n
o
n
c
o
n
v
e
x
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
d
isp
a
tch
,”
IE
EE
tr
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
p
o
we
r sy
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
3
,
p
p
.
1
0
7
9
-
1
0
8
7
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
0
8
.
[6
]
Nik
n
a
m
T
.
,
M
o
jarra
d
H
.
D
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
e
w
p
a
rti
c
le
s
w
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
f
o
r
n
o
n
‐
c
o
n
v
e
x
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
d
isp
a
tch
,”
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
E
lec
trica
l
Po
we
r
,
v
o
l
.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
5
6
-
6
7
9
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
1
.
[7
]
M
a
n
d
a
l
B
.
,
R
o
y
P
.
K
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Ec
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
is
p
a
tch
u
sin
g
k
ril
l
h
e
rd
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
jo
u
rn
a
l
o
f
e
lec
trica
l
p
o
we
r
&
e
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
0
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Mo
d
ified
mo
th
s
w
a
r
m
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
fo
r
o
p
tima
l e
co
n
o
mic
lo
a
d
d
is
p
a
tch
p
r
o
b
lem
(
Th
a
n
g
Tr
u
n
g
N
g
u
ye
n
)
2147
[8
]
A
d
a
rsh
B
.
R
.
,
Ra
g
h
u
n
a
th
a
n
T
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Eco
n
o
m
ic
d
isp
a
tch
u
si
n
g
c
h
a
o
ti
c
b
a
t
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,”
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
9
6
,
p
p
.
6
6
6
-
6
7
5
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
G
h
o
rb
a
n
i
N
.
,
Ba
b
a
e
i
E
.
,
“
Ex
c
h
a
n
g
e
m
a
r
k
e
t
a
l
g
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
isp
a
tch
,”
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
Po
we
r
&
En
e
rg
y
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
7
5
,
p
p
.
1
9
-
2
7
,
F
e
b
r
u
a
ry
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
Zak
ian
P
.
,
Ka
v
e
h
A
.
,
“
Eco
n
o
m
ic
d
is
p
a
tch
o
f
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
ste
m
s
u
sin
g
a
n
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
c
h
a
rg
e
d
sy
ste
m
se
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,”
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
o
ft
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
7
3
,
p
p
.
6
0
7
-
6
2
2
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
.
[1
1
]
Bu
lb
u
l
S
.
M
.
A
.
,
P
ra
d
h
a
n
M
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Op
p
o
siti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
k
ril
l
h
e
rd
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
a
p
p
li
e
d
t
o
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
lo
a
d
d
is
p
a
tch
p
ro
b
lem
,”
Ai
n
S
h
a
ms
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
2
3
-
44
0
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
8
.
[1
2
]
Kie
n
L
.
C
.
,
Ng
u
y
e
n
T
.
T
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
S
o
c
ial
S
p
id
e
r
Op
t
im
iz
a
ti
o
n
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
L
a
rg
e
-
S
c
a
le
Eco
n
o
m
ic
L
o
a
d
Disp
a
tch
P
ro
b
lem
,”
En
e
rg
ies
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
V
a
n
T
.
P
.
,
S
n
á
še
l
V
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
tl
io
n
o
p
t
im
iza
ti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
o
p
t
im
a
l
n
o
n
-
sm
o
o
th
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
isp
a
tc
h
,”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
&
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
,
1
1
8
7
-
1
1
9
9
,
A
p
ril
2
0
2
0
.
[1
4
]
P
a
n
ig
ra
h
i
B
.
K
.
,
Ya
d
a
v
S
.
R
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
c
lo
n
a
l
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
to
so
lv
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
is
p
a
tch
,
”
E
lec
tric
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
7
7
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
3
8
1
-
1
3
8
9
,
A
u
g
u
st 2
0
0
7
.
[1
5
]
V
o
D
.
N
.
,
O
n
g
sa
k
u
l
W
.
,
“
Eco
n
o
m
ic
d
isp
a
tch
w
it
h
m
u
lt
ip
le
f
u
e
l
ty
p
e
s
b
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
a
u
g
m
e
n
ted
L
a
g
ra
n
g
e
Ho
p
f
ield
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
Ap
p
li
e
d
e
n
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
9
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
8
1
-
2
8
9
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
1
2
.
[1
6
]
L
e
e
S
.
C
.
,
Kim
Y
.
H
.
,
“
A
n
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
L
a
g
r
a
n
g
ian
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
f
o
r
th
e
EL
D p
ro
b
lem
s
w
it
h
p
iec
e
w
i
se
q
u
a
d
ra
ti
c
c
o
st
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
n
o
n
li
n
e
a
r
c
o
n
stra
in
t
s
,
”
El
e
c
tric P
o
we
r S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
6
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
6
7
-
1
7
7
,
J
a
n
u
a
ry
2
0
0
2
.
[1
7
]
Niu
Q
.
,
Z
h
o
u
Z
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
im
p
ro
v
e
d
q
u
a
n
tu
m
-
b
e
h
a
v
e
d
p
a
rti
c
le
sw
a
r
m
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
d
isp
a
tch
p
ro
b
lem
s
w
it
h
m
u
lt
ip
le f
u
e
l
o
p
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
v
a
lv
e
-
p
o
in
ts ef
fe
c
ts
,
”
En
e
rg
ies
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
6
5
5
-
3
6
7
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
8
]
Ng
u
y
e
n
T
.
T
.
,
Ng
u
y
e
n
B
.
Q
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
in
im
izin
g
El
e
c
tri
c
it
y
F
u
e
l
Co
st
o
f
T
h
e
r
m
a
l
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
n
g
Un
it
s
b
y
Us
in
g
I
m
p
ro
v
e
d
F
iref
l
y
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
S
c
ie
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
5
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
1
3
3
-
1
4
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
9
]
P
h
a
m
L
.
H
.
,
Du
o
n
g
M
.
Q
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
Hi
g
h
-
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
S
to
c
h
a
stic
F
ra
c
tal
S
e
a
rc
h
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
Op
ti
m
a
l
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
Disp
a
tch
P
ro
b
lem
,
”
En
e
rg
ies
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
9
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
9
.
[2
0
]
S
u
C
.
T
.
,
L
in
,
C
.
T
.
,
“
Ne
w
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
w
it
h
a
Ho
p
f
ield
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
f
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
to
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic d
isp
a
tch
,
”
IEE
E
tra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
p
o
we
r sy
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
4
1
-
5
4
5
,
M
a
y
2
0
0
0
.
[2
1
]
Bh
a
tt
a
c
h
a
ry
a
A
.
,
Ch
a
tt
o
p
a
d
h
y
a
y
P
.
K
.
,
“
Bi
o
g
e
o
g
ra
p
h
y
-
b
a
se
d
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
f
o
r
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
lo
a
d
d
isp
a
tc
h
p
ro
b
lem
s
,
”
IEE
E
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
p
o
we
r sy
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
2
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
4
-
1
0
7
7
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
0
9
.
[2
2
]
Bise
n
D
.
,
Du
b
e
y
H
.
M
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
o
f
larg
e
sc
a
le
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
isp
a
tch
p
r
o
b
lem
u
sin
g
q
u
a
d
ra
ti
c
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
in
g
a
n
d
GA
M
S
:
a
c
o
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
sis
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
i
n
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
sc
ien
c
e
in
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
0
0
-
2
1
1
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
2
.
[2
3
]
M
o
ra
d
i
Da
lv
a
n
d
M
.
,
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
i
Iv
a
tl
o
o
B
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Co
n
ti
n
u
o
u
s
q
u
i
c
k
g
ro
u
p
se
a
rc
h
o
p
ti
m
ize
r
f
o
r
so
lv
in
g
n
o
n
-
c
o
n
v
e
x
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic d
isp
a
tch
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
”
El
e
c
tric P
o
we
r S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
9
3
,
p
p
.
9
3
-
1
0
5
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
2
.
[2
4
]
M
o
d
ir
i
De
lsh
a
d
M
.
,
Ra
h
im
N
.
A
.
,
“
S
o
lv
in
g
n
o
n
-
c
o
n
v
e
x
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
d
isp
a
tch
p
ro
b
lem
v
ia
b
a
c
k
trac
k
in
g
s
e
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l.
7
7
,
p
p
.
3
7
2
-
3
8
1
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
4
.
[2
5
]
Ng
u
y
e
n
T
.
T
.
,
Vo
D
.
N
.
,
“
T
h
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
o
n
e
ra
n
k
c
u
c
k
o
o
se
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
f
o
r
so
lv
in
g
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
is
p
a
tch
p
ro
b
lem
s
,
”
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
o
ft
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
,
v
o
l.
3
7
,
p
p
.
7
6
3
-
7
7
3
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
5
.
[2
6
]
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
A
.
A
.
A
.
,
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
Y
.
S
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Op
ti
m
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
f
lo
w
u
sin
g
m
o
th
sw
a
r
m
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
El
e
c
tric
Po
we
r
S
y
ste
ms
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
3
7
,
p
p
.
7
6
3
-
7
7
3
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
5
.
[2
7
]
Kh
a
m
s
e
n
W
.
,
Tak
e
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
H
y
b
rid
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
so
lv
in
g
th
e
n
o
n
-
s
m
o
o
th
c
o
st
f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
d
i
sp
a
tch
p
ro
b
lem
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
&
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
6
0
9
-
6
1
6
,
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
2
0
2
0
.
[2
8
]
S
p
e
a
S
.
R
.
,
“
S
o
lv
i
n
g
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
a
d
d
is
p
a
tch
p
r
o
b
lem
u
sin
g
c
ro
w
s
e
a
rc
h
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
4
3
1
-
3
4
4
0
,
A
u
g
u
st 2
0
2
0
.
[2
9
]
Oth
m
a
n
M
.
M
.
,
S
a
li
m
M
.
A
.
I
.
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
D
y
n
a
m
ic
Eco
n
o
m
ic
Disp
a
tc
h
A
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
Us
in
g
P
a
rti
c
le
S
w
a
rm
Op
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
,”
Bu
ll
e
ti
n
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
5
8
-
4
6
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
0
]
A
n
y
a
k
a
B.
O,
M
a
n
irak
iza
,
J.
F
,
e
t
a
l
.,
“
Op
t
im
a
l
u
n
it
c
o
m
m
it
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
p
o
w
e
r
p
lan
t
u
sin
g
p
a
rti
c
le
sw
a
rm
o
p
ti
m
i
z
a
ti
o
n
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
5
-
1
1
4
1
,
A
p
ril
2
0
2
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.