TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol. 13, No. 4, Dece
mb
er 201
5, pp. 1204
~1
213
ISSN: 1693-6
930,
accredited
A
by DIKTI, De
cree No: 58/DIK
T
I/Kep/2013
DOI
:
10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v13i4.3165
1204
Re
cei
v
ed Au
gust 23, 20
15
; Revi
sed
No
vem
ber 1
2
, 2015; Accepte
d
No
vem
ber
29, 2015
Current Ripple Analysis of New Double-Stator AC Drive
Systems
Irham Fadlika
1
, AN A
f
and
i
2
, Pekik Argo Dahon
o
3
12
Universitas N
eger
i Mala
ng, Jala
n Semara
n
g
5 Mala
ng, In
don
esia
3
Institut
T
e
knologi Ba
nd
ung, J
a
la
n Ganes
ha
10 Ban
d
u
ng, In
don
esia
e-mail: irh
a
m.e
l
ektro.um@
g
mail.com
1
, an.af
and
i@i
eee.
org
2
, pekik@konv
ersi.ee.itb.ac.i
d
3
A
b
st
r
a
ct
This paper pr
esents a curr
ent
ripple analys
is
of
new double-stator AC
driv
e system
. At fir
s
t, a new
double-stat
or AC drive system
is
pr
oposed. The aim
is to
com
b
ine the benefits bo
th the
multilevel and
mu
ltip
hase
sys
tem to
prov
ide
the b
e
tter per
forma
n
ce
t
o
dr
ive AC
motor.
T
he i
nput
an
d out
put curr
e
n
t
rippl
es of th
e
p
r
opos
ed A
C
dr
i
v
e syste
m
ar
e
then
ana
ly
z
e
d.
The curr
ent ri
ppl
es of th
e pr
opos
ed A
C
dr
i
v
e
system ar
e the
n
co
mp
ared to
the on
es of co
nventi
o
n
a
l d
o
u
b
le-stator A
C
d
r
ive syste
m
. U
nder th
e sa
me
D
C
inp
u
t volta
ge, i
t
is show
n that
t
he pro
pos
ed
results i
n
less
output curr
ent
rippl
e. Un
der t
he sa
me o
u
tp
ut
voltag
e, the
pr
opos
ed A
C
dr
i
v
e syste
m
res
u
lts in
s
m
al
le
r i
nput
c
u
rrent a
nd,
ther
efore, f
e
w
e
r losses
o
n
the
DC pow
er sup
p
ly. Experi
m
en
tal results are i
n
clu
ded to sh
o
w
the validity o
f
the propos
ed
conce
p
t.
Ke
y
w
ords
: Inverter, AC drive,
m
u
ltiphase
Copy
right
©
2015 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
Many stu
d
ie
s have b
een
con
d
u
c
ted to
impr
ove the
perfo
rma
n
ce
of AC
drive
system.
With adva
n
ce
d pro
g
ress of
the po
wer
semico
ndu
cto
r
swit
che
s
, inv
e
rters
can
wi
dely applie
d
as
AC drive with
high-fre
que
n
c
y swit
ching
and vario
u
s l
e
vels of powe
r
req
u
irem
ent
s [1]-[4]. Various
kind
s of AC d
r
ive syste
m
topolo
g
y by using a
n
invert
er ha
s b
een
rese
arche
d
an
d develop
ed f
o
r
a wide variety
of applicatio
ns, su
ch a
s
lo
comotive
tra
c
tion, electri
c
ship pro
pul
sio
n
, more-ele
ctric
aircraft, and
high-power indus
trial
applic
ations
. For
higher power
requirement
s
,
multiphase and
multilevel inv
e
rter is the
most
com
m
only used.
T
h
e multiphase inverter basi
cally
consi
s
ts of
conve
n
tional
n
-half brid
ge inverter co
nn
ected
i
n
pa
ra
lle
l co
rrespon
ding to th
e lo
ad suppli
e
s. I
t
provide
s
l
o
wer p
u
lsating t
o
rqu
e
, bette
r tolera
nc
e a
n
d the
po
ssi
bi
lity of splittin
g
moto
r
cu
rrent
across a
hig
her n
u
mb
er
of pha
se
s, thus
red
u
ci
ng
the co
nvert
e
r rating [3], [5]-[7]. For
high
voltage a
ppli
c
ation
s
, m
u
ltilevel inverte
r
is
more
suit
able
be
cau
s
e
the inve
rter
output voltag
e is
obtaine
d thro
ugh a fe
w ste
p
s of voltage
levels, alt
hou
gh it also h
a
s some d
r
a
w
b
a
cks. Multilev
e
l
system requi
res a lot of swi
t
che
s
and h
a
s
ca
pa
citor voltage un
bala
n
ce
d pro
b
lem
[8]-[11].
In orde
r to d
e
velop bette
r perfo
rman
ce
of the AC drive sy
stem
as Fig
u
re
1
,
some
investigatio
ns have been d
one for both
multipha
se
a
nd multilevel system. Tho
s
e are focusi
n
g
to
the input [12]-[17], [18], [20]
and
output [18]-[21] ripple to me
et the s
t
andard
that have been
determi
ned [
22]. On the i
nput si
de
of the inve
rter,
t
he current
rip
p
le dete
r
min
e
s
the
si
ze of
the
DC lin
k
cap
a
c
itor of the i
n
verter. It ha
s be
en r
epo
rted that the DC lin
k
cap
a
citor i
s
the m
o
st
vulnera
b
le co
mpone
nt in an inverter. Fu
rtherm
o
re
, on the output side of the inverter, the hig
h
e
r
curre
n
t ripple
coul
d ca
use the motor to h
eat faster.
In this pape
r, a new topol
o
g
y of double-stator
AC d
r
i
v
e system is
prop
osed to combi
n
e
the be
nefits
of both m
u
ltipha
se
and
m
u
ltilevel sy
ste
m
. In the p
r
o
posed
syste
m
, as
sh
own
in
Figure 2, two
conve
n
tional
two-l
e
vel three-p
h
a
s
e inv
e
rters a
r
e
co
nne
cted in
serie
s
o
n
the
DC
side
s. Each three
-
p
h
a
s
e o
u
tput of these two in
verte
r
s i
s
supplyin
g
three
-
ph
ase stator
windi
n
g
set of dou
ble
-
stato
r
AC m
o
tor. By usin
g the
pro
p
o
s
ed topolo
g
y, the advantag
es of si
mple t
w
o-
level inverte
r
topology
an
d high
reliabil
i
ty and po
we
r de
nsity of
multipha
se A
C
moto
rs ca
n be
combi
ned. A
n
alytical exp
r
e
ssi
on
s of in
p
u
t and
out
put
cu
rrent ri
ppl
es
of
the p
r
o
posed
syste
m
are
then derive
d
. It is shown th
at under the
same
DC i
n
p
u
t voltages, the output cu
rrent rip
p
le of the
prop
osed sy
stem is lower
than the co
n
v
entional
top
o
logy. Und
e
r
the sam
e
out
put voltage, the
prop
osed
system has lo
we
r input curren
t and therefo
r
e, fewer lo
sses on th
e DC powe
r
suppl
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 13, No
. 4, Decem
b
e
r
2015 : 120
4 – 1213
1205
than the co
n
v
entional on
es. Experime
n
tal results
are in
clud
ed
to show th
e validity of the
prop
osed con
c
ept. The p
r
o
posed con
c
e
p
t can be ext
ende
d to high
er pha
se n
u
m
ber.
Figure 1. Con
v
entional do
u
b
le-stator AC
drive syste
m
Figure 2. Ne
w dou
ble-stat
or AC d
r
ive system
2. Proposed
Metho
d
In
a conve
n
tional dou
ble stator
AC dri
v
e
sy
ste
m
, a
n
AC moto
r t
hat havin
g two three-
pha
se stato
r
windi
ng sets
is u
s
ed. Th
e
neutral
s
of two wi
ndin
g
sets are sepa
rated. Th
e two
stator
win
d
in
g sets a
r
e
su
pplied
by two
two-l
e
ve
l three-p
h
a
s
e i
n
verters
as
sh
o
w
n in
Figu
re
1.
The two thre
e-ph
ase inve
rters
are
supp
lied by
a com
m
on DC
volt
age sou
r
ce. These
two
st
ator
windi
ng set
s
can b
e
displa
ced by vario
u
s
angl
es. In this pa
per, onl
y zero an
gle
displ
a
cement
is
discu
s
sed. The main p
r
ob
lems of this
conve
n
ti
onal
system i
s
the
incre
a
si
ng DC input curre
n
t
with the asso
ciated la
rge
DC
sup
p
ly losses.
In orde
r to
solve the me
ntioned
pro
b
l
e
m, a ne
w t
opolo
g
y as
shown in Fig
u
r
e 2 i
s
prop
osed. In
the p
r
op
osed
syste
m
, the
two th
re
e
-
ph
ase
inve
rters are
con
n
e
c
ted in
seri
es.
As
the input vol
t
age is
con
n
e
cted in
se
ri
es, the
requi
red
DC i
npu
t current is l
o
we
r than th
e
conve
n
tional
one
s. PWM
tech
niqu
es for the n
e
w
top
o
logy a
nd th
e conventio
n
a
l on
es are t
he
same.
3. Input Curr
ent Ripple o
f
Ne
w
Double
-
Sta
t
or AC Driv
e S
y
stem
Input current
rippl
e a
naly
s
is is very i
m
por
ta
nt in
desi
gning
th
e re
qui
red
DC filter
cap
a
cito
r. In the ne
w topol
ogy, the input current
of the uppe
r sid
e
inverter
can b
e
expre
s
sed
as,
.
.
.
(
1
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Curre
n
t Rippl
e Analysis of
Ne
w Do
uble
Stat
or AC Dri
v
e System
s (I
rham
Fadlika)
1206
whe
r
e
,
, and
is switching
states of pha
se
s u
1
, v
1
, and w
1
, respe
c
tively. The value of
swit
chin
g stat
e is u
n
ity (zero)
when
the u
pper sw
itchin
g device of th
e asso
ciate
d
pha
se re
ceives
an ON
(OFF
) sign
al. The o
u
tput cu
rre
nts
are assu
med
to be balan
ced and
sinu
soidal:
√
2
sin
√
2
sin
2
3
√
2
sin
,
(
2
)
whe
r
e
φ
is the load pha
se
angle,
2
,
is the fundame
n
ta
l output frequ
ency of the
inverter a
nd
is the rm
s value of the load
current.
In carrier ba
sed PWM inverter, the ON and OFF
sign
als for t
he inverter
switchi
n
g
device
s
are
obtained b
y
compa
r
ing
a three-ph
ase
referen
c
e sign
al to a high-f
r
eq
u
ency
triangul
ar
ca
rrier
sig
nal wit
h
unity ampli
t
ude.
The u
p
per inve
rter
switchi
ng devi
c
e receives
an
ON
(OFF
)
sig
nal when
ever the a
s
sociat
ed refere
nc
e
sign
al is
high
er (l
ower) tha
n
the tria
ngul
ar
sign
al. If the frequ
en
cy of t
he
carrie
r
sig
nal is
mu
ch
h
i
gher than th
e refe
ren
c
e
o
ne, the valu
e
s
of
the referen
c
e sign
als in
one carrier perio
d ca
n
be assum
e
d as
con
s
ta
nts. By usin
g this
assumptio
n
, the detail
ed in
verter
wavefo
rms
over
o
n
e
c
a
r
r
i
er
pe
r
i
od
c
a
n
be
dr
aw
n
as
s
h
o
w
n in
Figure. 3.
Figure 3. Inverter waveform
s in one
carri
e
r pe
riod
The time intervals in Figu
re
3 can be o
b
tained a
s
follo
ws:
2
⁄
1
2
⁄
(3)
2
⁄
1
2
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 13, No
. 4, Decem
b
e
r
2015 : 120
4 – 1213
1207
whe
r
e,
s
i
n
s
i
n
(4)
s
i
n
2
3
Based o
n
Fig
u
re. 3, the inverter in
put cu
rre
nt
in one carri
er pe
rio
d
can b
e
writte
n as follo
w:
(5)
The mea
n
square value
of the inverter inp
u
t cu
rrent over on
e
carrie
r pe
rio
d
can
be
obtaine
d as f
o
llow:
(6)
2
2
Substituting (2) and
(3) int
o
(5) a
nd the
result
is su
bstituted into (6) then the followin
g
i
s
obtaine
d
2
sin
√
s
i
n
(
7
)
2
sin
2
3
√
3
2
s
i
n
2
The average
value of the mean squa
re of the
inverter inp
u
t cu
rrent over o
n
e
fundame
n
tal
inverter p
e
rio
d
can b
e
obta
i
ned a
s
follow:
,
(
8
)
,
3
√
3
2
1
2
3
cos
2
As the invert
er op
eratio
n i
s
symm
etrica
l, the
integral
operation ca
n be pe
rform
ed just ove
r
60
o
perio
d.
If the inverter losse
s
can b
e
negl
ecte
d, the
DC comp
onent of the i
n
verter i
nput
curre
n
t
can b
e
obtain
ed by equali
z
i
ng the inverte
r
i
nput and o
u
t
put powe
r
s a
nd, the re
sult is
̅
√
.
.
.
cos
(
9
)
Based
on (8) and (9) the
n
the rippl
e co
mpone
nt of
the inverte
r
in
put cu
rrent can be d
e
term
ined
as
follow:
,
(
1
0
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Curre
n
t Rippl
e Analysis of
Ne
w Do
uble
Stat
or AC Dri
v
e System
s (I
rham
Fadlika)
1208
√
3
2
√
3
2
9
8
cos
4. Outpu
t
Cu
rrent
Ripple of Ne
w
Dou
b
l
e-Sta
t
or AC
Driv
e S
y
stem
For o
u
tput
current ri
pple
analysi
s
, it is as
sum
ed th
at the load
can be
re
pre
s
ented a
s
s
h
ow
n
in
F
i
gu
r
e
4
.
Figure 4. Ne
w dou
ble-stat
or AC d
r
ive system with de
lta load
Based
on
the
ci
rcuit in
Fig
u
re
4, the
vol
t
age diffe
ren
c
es
between
p
hases
u
1
an
d
v
1
an
d
betwe
en
u
2
a
nd
v
2
ca
n be
expre
s
sed a
s
follow
(11
)
The i
n
verte
r
output voltag
e an
d
cu
rre
nt ca
n
be
de
co
mposed
into t
he ave
r
ag
e
(averag
e
ove
r
one
ca
rri
er p
e
riod
)
and
ri
p
p
le
com
pone
nts. By ne
gle
c
ting th
e
rippl
e voltage
d
r
o
p
a
c
ross th
e l
oad
resi
stan
ce
s then the rip
p
le
compo
nent o
f
t
he load currents can be e
x
presse
d as f
o
llows:
̃
(
1
2
)
whe
r
e tilde d
enoting ri
pple
compo
nent.
Based
on the
inverter volta
ge wavefo
rm
s a
s
sh
ow
n i
n
Figu
re 5, th
en the detail
e
d output current
ripple ove
r
on
e carrie
r pe
ri
od ca
n be wri
tten as
(13
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 13, No
. 4, Decem
b
e
r
2015 : 120
4 – 1213
1209
11
iu
v
Figure 5. Inverter waveform
s in one
carri
e
r pe
riod
w
h
er
e
̅
2
⁄
4
⁄
̅
⁄
⁄
(
1
4
)
̅
2
⁄
4
⁄
The mean
square value of the output current
rip
p
le over one carri
er pe
riod
can b
e
determi
ned a
s
follow:
̃
/
(
1
5
)
Substituting
(13)
and
(14)
into (1
5) then
and
pe
rformi
ng the
integ
r
ation the
re
sults a
s
sh
own in
Table 1 a
r
e o
b
tained.
Table 1.Outp
ut current rip
p
le for one
switchi
ng pe
rio
d
Area A1
(0
ω
t
/6)
√
Area A2
(
/6
ω
t
/2)
√
The ave
r
ag
e
value of the
mean
squ
a
re of the in
ve
rter o
u
tput current over
o
ne fund
amen
tal
inverter p
e
rio
d
can b
e
obta
i
ned a
s
follow:
,
/
/
(
1
6
)
As the invert
er op
eratio
n i
s
symm
etrica
l, the
integral
operation ca
n be pe
rform
ed just ove
r
90
o
perio
d. Then
the ripple
co
mpone
nt of the inverter
o
u
tput curre
n
t ca
n be determin
ed as follo
w:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Curre
n
t Rippl
e Analysis of
Ne
w Do
uble
Stat
or AC Dri
v
e System
s (I
rham
Fadlika)
1210
,
√
√
√
(
1
7
)
w
h
er
e
E
d
= DC voltage
sou
r
ce of inverter
T
s
= Switching p
e
riod
L
= Loa
d indu
ct
ance
M
= Mutual lea
k
age ind
u
cta
n
c
e
k =
Modul
ation
index
5. Results a
nd Discu
ssi
on
A small
expe
rimental
sy
stem was con
s
tructed
to ve
rify the pro
p
o
s
ed
con
c
ept.
The
DC
voltage sou
r
ce
is obtain
e
d
by
re
ctifying three
-
ph
ase
AC voltage
source. T
he in
verter
switchi
n
g
device
s
a
r
e i
m
pleme
n
ted
by usin
g po
wer MOSF
E
T
. The lo
ad
resi
stan
ce
an
d indu
ctan
ce
are
1.26 Oh
m an
d 5.62 m
H
, resp
ectively. The mutu
al l
eakage i
ndu
ctance
ca
n be
negle
c
ted. T
h
e
DC voltag
e source E
d
is m
a
intaine
d
co
n
s
tant at 26.2
5
Vd
c. The
switchi
ng devi
c
e
s
are switched
at 1000 Hz. T
he fundam
ent
al output freq
uen
cy is 50 Hz.
The vali
dity o
f
the a
nalysi
s
of the
inp
u
t a
nd
o
u
tput cu
rrent rippl
e
of
the p
r
op
osed
syste
m
is sho
w
n in
Figure 6 a
n
d
7. From Fi
g
u
re 8
-
1
1
, inp
u
t and o
u
tpu
t
current
ripp
le com
p
a
r
iso
n
betwe
en pro
posed and
convention
a
l
multipha
se system are
shown. Unde
r the same i
nput
voltage, sho
w
n i
n
Fig
u
re
8-9, in
put
current
rippl
e
of
both
system
are th
e
same
, but the o
u
tp
ut
curre
n
t rip
p
le
of the p
r
opo
sed
syste
m
is lowe
r.
Unde
r the
sam
e
o
u
tput voltage,
sho
w
n
in Fig
u
re
9-11, o
u
tput
curre
n
t rippl
e
of both syst
em are
th
e
same, b
u
t the input curre
n
t ripple of t
h
e
prop
osed
system is lo
wer.
Accu
ra
cy of t
he p
r
op
osed
analysi
s
m
e
thod
ca
n b
e
a
ppre
c
iate
d from
these figu
re
s.
Figure 6. Input current rip
p
le of the pro
posed topol
o
g
y
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0
0
.1
0.2
0
.3
0.4
0
.5
0.6
0
.7
0.8
0
.9
1
Input
Current
Ripple
(A)
Modulation
Index
Calculated
Measured
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TELKOM
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Vol. 13, No
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r
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4 – 1213
1211
Figure 7. Output curre
n
t rippl
e of the propo
sed top
o
l
ogy
Figure 8. Input current rip
p
le com
p
a
r
ison bet
ween
convention
a
l multipha
se in
verter an
d
prop
osed top
o
logy und
er the sam
e
DC input voltage
Figure 9. Output curre
n
t ripple compa
r
i
s
on b
e
twe
en conve
n
tional multipha
se
in
verter
an
d
prop
osed top
o
logy und
er the sam
e
DC input voltage
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0
0
.1
0.2
0
.3
0.4
0
.5
0.6
0
.7
0.8
0
.9
1
Output
Curret
Ripple
(A)
Modulation
Index
Calculate
d
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0
0
.1
0.2
0
.3
0.4
0
.5
0.6
0
.7
0.8
0
.9
1
Input
Current
Ripple
(A)
Modulation
Index
conventional
multiphase
inverter
proposed
topology
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
0
0
.1
0.2
0
.3
0.4
0
.5
0.6
0
.7
0.8
0
.9
1
Output
Current
Ripple
(A)
Modulation
Index
conventional
multiphase
inverter
proposed
topology
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TELKOM
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ISSN:
1693-6
930
Curre
n
t Rippl
e Analysis of
Ne
w Do
uble
Stat
or AC Dri
v
e System
s (I
rham
Fadlika)
1212
Figure 10. Input curre
n
t ripple compa
r
i
s
on b
e
tw
e
en conve
n
tional multipha
se
in
verter
an
d
prop
osed top
o
logy und
er the sam
e
outp
u
t voltage
Figure 11. Ou
tput current ri
pple compa
r
i
s
on b
e
twe
en conve
n
tional multipha
se
in
verter
an
d
prop
osed top
o
logy und
er the sam
e
outp
u
t voltage
6. Conclusio
n
In this pa
per,
analytical ex
pre
ssi
on
s fo
r tota
l in
put a
nd o
u
tput
cu
rrent
rippl
e of
a
ne
w
doubl
e-stator AC
drive
sy
stem
have b
een de
rived and proved by
expe
rime
nt. The
de
rived
expre
ssi
on
s are useful
in
desi
gning
DC
input and ou
tput filters. It i
s
exp
e
cte
d
th
at the p
r
op
osed
topology can
be used a
s
a
n
alternat
ive to the conve
n
tional topolo
g
y
.
Referen
ces
[1]
Che
ngsh
e
n
g
W
,
Chongj
ia
n
L, Li L, Ch
un
yi Z
,
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h
iming Z
.
Investigatio
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o
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r AC driv
e
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Internati
o
n
a
l Co
nferenc
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e
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Levi
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R
e
cen
t
Devel
o
p
m
e
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gh P
e
r
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orma
nce V
a
ri
abl
e-Spe
ed M
u
ltip
hase I
ndu
ction Mot
o
r
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6th Int’l
.
Sy
m
posi
u
m N
i
kola T
e
sla. 20
06.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0
0
.1
0.2
0
.3
0.4
0
.5
0.6
0
.7
0.8
0
.9
1
Input
Current
Ripple
(A)
Modulation
Index
conventional
multiphase
inverter
proposed
topology
0
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0
0
.1
0.2
0
.3
0.4
0
.5
0.6
0
.7
0.8
0
.9
1
Output
Current
RIpple
(A)
Modulation
Index
proposed
topology
conventional
multiphase
inverter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 13, No
. 4, Decem
b
e
r
2015 : 120
4 – 1213
1213
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w
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i
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