T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
1
8
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2020
,
pp.
12
09
~
121
5
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
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r
a
de
by
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me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v1
8
i
3
.
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mo
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t
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l
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l
e
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f
t
w
are
A
n
s
y
s
-
H
FSS
an
d
i
s
an
al
y
zed
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
5G
C
omm
unica
ti
ons
B
a
nd
width
Dua
l
T
-
s
ha
pe
d
s
tub
High
dir
e
c
ti
vit
y
Hig
h
ga
in
S
a
telli
te
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
Ayla
pogu
P
r
a
mod
Kuma
r
,
De
pa
r
t
ment
of
E
lec
tr
onics
a
nd
C
omm
unica
ti
on
E
n
ginee
r
ing
,
Va
r
dha
man
C
oll
e
ge
of
E
nginee
r
ing
,
J
NT
UH
Unive
r
s
it
y,
Ka
c
ha
r
a
m
,
S
ha
ms
ha
ba
d,
Hyde
r
a
ba
d,
I
ndia
.
E
mail:
p
r
a
modvce
@gmail.
c
om
;
a
ylapogu.
p
r
a
mod
kumar
@gmail.
c
om
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
T
he
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
us
a
ge
of
e
lec
tr
omagne
ti
c
s
pe
c
tr
um
by
us
ing
mul
ti
ba
nd
a
ntenna
s
ha
ve
ga
in
mu
c
h
a
tt
e
nti
on
in
the
ult
r
a
wide
ba
nd
(
UW
B
)
s
ys
tems
s
o
a
s
to
s
uppor
t
higher
da
ta
r
a
tes
a
nd
r
e
d
uc
ti
on
of
the
mul
ti
pa
th
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
nd
they
f
ind
ma
ny
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
f
or
5G
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
a
nd
S
a
telli
te
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
.
A
T
s
ha
pe
d
r
a
diation
pa
tch
with
U
s
ha
pe
d
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
s
tr
ip
be
s
ide
of
the
f
e
e
d
li
ne
is
de
s
ig
ne
d
with
a
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
5.
90
GH
z
f
o
r
W
L
AN
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
[
1]
.
T
he
s
e
a
ntenna
s
pr
ovide
the
a
dva
ntage
s
of
br
o
a
d
ba
nd
ope
r
a
ti
on
a
nd
im
mune
to
mu
lt
i
pa
th
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
.
T
he
r
e
c
e
nt
li
ter
a
tur
e
f
inds
va
r
ious
a
ntenna
s
with
notche
d
ba
nd
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
with
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
c
on
f
igur
a
ti
ons
li
ke
H
-
S
ha
pe
d,
E
-
S
ha
pe
d
a
nd
U
-
S
ha
pe
d
s
lot
s
[
2
-
4]
or
by
us
ing
the
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
e
leme
nts
ne
a
r
e
r
to
the
r
a
diating
e
lem
e
nts
a
nd
in
the
gr
ound
plane
.
Di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
types
of
s
t
r
uc
tur
e
s
we
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
the
l
it
e
r
a
tur
e
wi
th
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
s
t
r
ips
[
5
,
6]
by
e
tching
the
s
lot
s
on
the
pa
tch
to
a
c
hieve
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
12
09
-
121
5
1210
the
de
s
ir
e
d
no
tch
ba
nd
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
[
7
-
9]
.
T
he
s
lot
will
howe
ve
r
i
mpr
ove
the
ba
ndwidt
h
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
with
im
pr
ove
d
input
im
pe
da
nc
e
a
nd
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
.
S
im
i
lar
ly,
the
ins
e
r
ti
on
o
f
the
s
li
ts
in
the
int
e
r
io
r
o
f
pa
r
t
of
the
a
ntenna
s
a
long
with
gr
ou
nd
plane
,
nthe
dua
l
ba
nd
ope
r
a
ti
on
is
pos
s
ibl
e
.
B
ut
mos
t
o
f
thes
e
de
s
igns
c
ould
not
give
the
r
e
quir
e
d
volt
a
ge
s
tanding
wa
ve
r
a
ti
on
(
V
S
W
R
)
a
nd
lowe
r
va
lues
o
f
ga
in
a
nd
dir
e
c
ti
vit
y
a
nd
poor
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
in
the
r
a
diat
ion
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
a
t
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
ba
nds
.
W
e
n
J
ia
ng
a
nd
W
e
nqua
n
C
he
[
10]
ha
ve
pr
opos
e
d
a
dua
l
ba
nd
U
W
B
a
ntenna
with
dua
l
no
tch
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
f
or
W
i
M
AX
a
nd
W
L
AN
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
.
T
he
s
tr
uc
tur
e
c
ons
is
ts
of
r
e
c
t
a
ngular
pa
tch
with
modi
f
ied
g
r
ound
plane
a
nd
du
a
l
ba
nds
we
r
e
r
e
por
ted
by
the
int
r
oduc
ti
on
of
T
-
s
tub
a
nd
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
e
leme
nts
.
B
ut
the
s
tr
uc
tur
e
r
e
por
ted
a
lowe
r
va
lue
of
VSWR
,
ga
in
a
nd
dir
e
c
ti
vit
y.
Kour
os
h
J
a
va
di
a
nd
Na
de
r
Komjani
[
11]
ha
ve
pr
e
s
e
nted
a
ntenna
s
tr
uc
tur
e
with
low
va
lues
of
S
AR
U
-
s
lot
Ante
nna
us
ing
F
r
e
qu
e
nc
y
S
e
lec
ti
ve
S
ur
f
a
c
e
c
onc
e
pt.
T
he
a
ntenna
is
de
s
igned
us
ing
P
I
F
A
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
uit
a
ble
f
o
r
c
e
ll
phone
s
a
nd
W
e
a
r
a
ble
Applica
ti
ons
.
I
t
is
f
ound
to
be
c
ompac
t
s
tr
uc
tur
e
with
s
uit
a
ble
va
lues
S
AR
a
s
we
ll
,
but
c
ould
no
t
p
r
ovide
the
ga
in
a
nd
di
r
e
c
ti
vit
y.
Ar
a
s
h
Om
idi
e
t
a
l
.
[
12]
ha
ve
pr
e
s
e
nted
a
pa
pe
r
on
low
nois
e
a
mpl
if
ier
c
ir
c
uit
i
n
L
B
a
nd
a
nd
the
pr
opos
e
d
de
s
ign
c
ould
a
ble
to
incr
e
a
s
e
the
ga
in,
nois
e
f
igu
r
e
a
nd
s
tabili
ty
but
withi
n
the
li
mi
ted
ba
ndwidth
.
I
n
a
nother
de
s
ign,
r
e
p
or
ted
by
M
oha
mm
a
d
J
a
va
d
T
a
va
koli
a
nd
Al
i
R
e
z
a
M
a
ll
a
hz
a
de
h
[
13]
on
W
ideba
nd
Dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
C
oupler
f
o
r
M
il
li
mete
r
W
a
ve
Applica
ti
on
ba
s
e
d
on
S
ubs
tr
a
te
I
nte
gr
a
ted
W
a
ve
guide.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
s
tr
uc
tur
e
c
ould
a
ble
t
o
jus
ti
f
y
the
ba
ndwidth
r
e
quir
e
ments
,
but
pr
oduc
e
s
los
s
e
s
due
to
S
I
W
ba
s
e
d
de
s
ign.
M
onopole
a
ntenna
f
or
c
ognit
ive
r
a
dio
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
us
ing
ba
nd
pa
s
s
f
il
ter
s
e
c
ti
ons
us
ing
P
I
N
diode
s
witching.
T
he
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
c
ould
a
ble
to
r
e
por
t
good
va
lues
of
ga
in
a
nd
ba
ndwidth
[
14
]
,
b
ut
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
t
the
r
e
c
e
iver
is
to
be
f
u
r
ther
r
e
duc
e
d.
A
twin
s
ymm
e
t
r
ica
l
U
-
s
lot
[
15
]
pa
tch
a
ntenna
c
o
ve
r
s
the
r
a
nge
2.
17
to
4.
05
GH
z
.
S
im
il
a
r
ly
C
a
n
d
B
e
e
tl
e
s
ha
pe
d
s
lot
pa
tch
[
16
,
17
]
a
ntenna
s
a
r
e
us
e
d
f
or
L
T
E
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
.
T
o
mi
nim
ize
the
highe
r
ha
r
moni
c
s
,
to
ge
t
de
s
ir
e
d
ga
in
with
the
a
id
of
s
tubs
[
18
,
19]
i
n
the
r
e
c
tangula
r
pa
tch,
while
the
r
a
diation
p
a
tt
e
r
n
is
unidi
r
e
c
ti
ona
l
a
nd
e
ll
ipt
ica
l
pola
r
iza
ti
on
[
20]
.
I
n
ge
ne
r
a
l
the
mos
t
c
omm
on
dr
a
wba
c
k
in
the
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
a
ntenna
s
na
r
r
ow
ba
nd
width
to
m
it
igate
th
is
dr
a
wba
c
k
va
r
ious
methods
a
r
e
done
by
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
[
21]
,
thes
e
types
of
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
a
ntenna
a
r
e
s
uppor
ted
f
o
r
wir
e
les
s
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
s
uc
h
a
s
W
L
AN
,
L
T
E
,
W
iM
AX
[
22
-
26]
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
thi
s
pa
pe
r
a
im
s
to
pr
e
s
e
nts
a
nove
l
U
W
B
dua
l
notch
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
a
ntenna
with
modi
f
ied
gr
ound
plane
with
e
nha
nc
e
d
ga
in,
dir
e
c
ti
vit
y,
ba
ndwidth
a
nd
to
r
e
duc
e
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
t
the
r
e
c
e
iver
.
At
t
he
s
a
me
ti
me,
the
a
ntenna
mus
t
of
f
e
r
UW
B
in
or
de
r
to
s
uppor
t
upc
omi
ng
5G
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
wir
e
les
s
s
t
a
nda
r
ds
.
T
he
a
ntenna
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
is
de
s
igned
wi
th
monopol
e
ope
r
a
ti
on
with
the
modi
f
ied
gr
ound
plane
s
o
a
s
to
im
pr
ove
the
ga
in
a
nd
ba
ndwidth
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
the
a
ntenna
is
int
r
oduc
ing
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
t
thes
e
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
a
t
the
r
e
c
e
iver
.
T
he
s
tr
uc
tur
e
c
ons
is
ts
of
two
T
s
ha
pe
d
s
tubs
int
r
oduc
e
d
in
the
mi
ddle
o
f
the
s
lot
on
a
r
e
c
tangula
r
pa
tch
a
ntenna
with
e
dge
c
uts
a
t
the
top
a
nd
bott
o
m
of
the
s
tr
uc
tur
e
.
T
his
make
s
the
s
tr
uc
tur
e
to
o
pe
r
a
te
in
dua
l
ba
nd.
T
he
tape
r
e
d
g
r
ound
plane
wa
s
im
ple
mente
d
in
o
r
de
r
to
e
nha
nc
e
the
ba
ndwidth
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
.
T
he
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
a
ls
o
is
e
xpe
c
ted
to
lowe
r
the
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
leve
ls
a
t
the
r
e
c
e
iver
be
c
a
us
e
of
the
ind
e
pe
nde
nt
ope
r
a
ti
on
of
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
be
c
a
us
e
of
the
us
a
ge
of
two
T
-
S
ha
pe
d
s
tubs
in
the
de
s
ign.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
de
s
ign
wa
s
s
im
ulate
d
by
us
ing
the
Ans
ys
-
HFS
S
s
of
twa
r
e
a
n
d
the
r
e
s
ult
s
we
r
e
a
na
lyze
d
to
s
tudy
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
of
the
a
ntenna
s
tr
uc
tur
e
a
nd
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted.
T
he
pa
r
a
m
e
tr
ic
a
na
lys
is
of
the
a
ntenna
s
tr
uc
tur
e
is
pe
r
f
or
med
s
o
a
s
to
im
pr
ove
the
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
of
the
pr
op
os
e
d
s
tr
uc
tur
e
.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
de
s
ign
is
s
im
ulate
d
with
the
a
id
of
High
F
r
e
que
nc
y
S
t
r
uc
tur
e
S
im
ulato
r
(
HFS
S
)
.
T
he
pa
pe
r
is
a
r
r
a
nge
d
in
the
f
oll
owing
manne
r
.
T
he
s
e
c
ti
on
2
e
xplains
the
ba
s
ic
a
ntenna
ge
ometr
y
a
nd
the
de
s
ign
methodology.
T
he
s
e
c
ti
on
3
dis
c
us
s
e
s
the
r
e
s
ult
a
na
lys
is
obtaine
d
f
r
om
the
s
i
mul
a
ti
on.
S
e
c
ti
on
4
c
onc
ludes
the
pa
pe
r
wi
th
the
im
pr
ove
me
nts
,
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
s
tr
uc
tur
e
.
2.
AN
T
E
NN
A
DE
S
I
GN
GE
OM
E
T
RY
T
he
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
a
ntenna
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
a
r
e
pr
ove
d
to
be
be
tt
e
r
s
ubs
ti
tut
e
ove
r
the
tr
a
dit
ional
a
ntenna
s
owin
g
to
their
a
dva
ntage
s
of
low
c
os
t,
les
s
we
ight
a
nd
e
a
s
e
of
f
a
br
ica
ti
on
.
B
ut
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
o
f
the
ga
in
a
nd
ba
ndwidth
a
r
e
pr
ove
d
to
be
les
s
a
nd
he
nc
e
a
r
e
to
be
im
pr
ove
d
by
pr
ope
r
de
s
igni
ng
tec
hniques
.
At
t
he
s
a
me
ti
me,
the
mul
ti
ba
nd
ope
r
a
ti
on
of
the
a
ntenna
s
is
pr
e
f
e
r
a
ble
f
o
r
many
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
to
r
e
plac
e
the
nu
mber
of
a
ntenna
s
f
or
d
if
f
e
r
e
nt
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
.
A
c
ompac
t
d
ua
l
-
T
s
ha
pe
d
s
tub
a
ntenna
wa
s
p
r
opos
e
d
f
o
r
the
us
e
of
s
a
telli
te
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
s
uit
a
ble
f
or
upc
omi
ng
5G
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
.
T
he
p
r
opos
e
d
s
tr
uc
tur
e
wa
s
de
s
i
gne
d
by
us
ing
a
s
lot
ted
r
e
c
tangula
r
pa
tch
with
e
dge
c
uts
a
t
the
top
a
nd
bott
om
a
nd
two
T
s
ha
pe
d
s
tuns
a
r
e
in
tr
oduc
e
d
a
t
the
c
or
ne
r
s
of
the
s
lot
.
T
he
s
tr
uc
tur
e
wa
s
de
s
igned
on
to
a
R
oge
r
s
s
ubs
tr
a
te
with
a
diele
c
tr
ic
c
o
ns
tant
of
ε
r
=
4.
4
a
nd
los
s
tange
nt
of
0.
0009
with
a
he
ight
o
f
1.
6
mm
.
T
he
dim
e
ns
ions
of
the
s
tr
uc
tur
e
a
r
e
c
a
lcula
ted
by
us
ing
the
ba
s
ic
mi
c
r
os
tr
ip
a
ntenna
de
s
ign
a
nd
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
li
ne
theor
y
a
nd
a
r
e
opti
mi
z
e
d
c
a
r
e
f
ull
y
a
nd
to
ope
r
a
te
the
a
ntenna
to
mee
t
the
s
pe
c
if
ica
ti
ons
.
T
h
e
e
dge
c
uts
we
r
e
int
r
oduc
e
d
in
the
de
s
ign
s
o
a
s
to
r
e
s
ona
te
the
s
tr
uc
tur
e
with
dua
l
ba
nd
ope
r
a
ti
on.
T
he
s
tubs
in
the
s
lot
will
im
p
r
ove
the
ga
in
of
the
a
ntenna
.
A
tape
r
e
d
gr
ound
plane
is
int
r
oduc
e
d
a
t
the
ba
c
k
s
ide
o
f
the
s
tr
uc
tur
e
to
e
nha
nc
e
the
ba
nd
width
a
nd
a
f
e
e
d
l
ine
with
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
s
ign
of
high
gain
dual
T
-
s
hape
d
s
tub
antenna
fo
r
s
atelli
te
c
omm
unication
(
A
.
P
r
amod
K
umar
)
1211
pr
ope
r
im
pe
da
nc
e
matc
hing
will
make
the
s
tr
uc
tur
e
to
r
e
s
ona
te
with
the
im
pr
ove
d
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
of
th
e
de
s
ign
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
.
T
he
a
ntenna
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
a
long
wi
th
the
o
pti
mi
z
e
d
dim
e
ns
ions
is
s
hown
in
the
F
ig
ur
e
1.
F
ig
ur
e
1.
Dua
l
T
-
s
ha
pe
d
s
tub
a
ntenna
s
tr
uc
tur
e
2.
1.
Dim
e
n
s
ion
s
T
he
s
lot
on
the
pa
tch
will
s
uppr
e
s
s
the
ba
nd
notch
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
of
the
wide
ba
nd
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ope
r
a
ti
on
a
nd
they
will
im
p
r
ove
the
im
pe
da
nc
e
m
a
tching
whic
h
in
tur
n
incr
e
a
s
e
s
the
ba
ndwidth
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
of
the
a
ntenna
.
A
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
pa
tch
is
int
r
oduc
e
d
in
the
a
ntenna
c
los
e
r
to
the
r
a
diating
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
o
a
s
to
im
pr
ove
the
notch
ba
nd
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
.
T
he
de
s
igned
s
tr
uc
tur
e
is
a
na
lyze
d
by
us
ing
c
omm
e
r
c
ially
a
va
il
a
ble
s
im
ulating
s
of
twa
r
e
,
Ans
ys
-
HFS
S
f
o
r
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
ve
r
if
ic
a
ti
on
of
the
a
ntenna
a
nd
the
s
a
me
is
s
hown
in
the
F
ig
ur
e
2.
S
im
il
a
r
ly,
the
pr
opos
e
d
de
s
ign
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
a
r
e
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
T
a
ble
1
.
I
t
is
obs
e
r
ve
d
that
the
a
ntenna
is
r
e
s
ona
ti
ng
a
t
3.
5
GH
z
a
nd
9
.
1
GH
z
with
a
r
e
tur
n
l
os
s
of
-
42.
79
dB
a
nd
-
41.
4
dB
.
T
he
c
or
r
e
s
ponding
VSWR
of
the
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
is
f
ound
be
too
ne
a
r
ly
to
the
va
lue
of
unit
y
givi
ng
r
is
e
to
the
va
lues
of
1
.
015
wi
th
a
r
e
f
lec
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
of
0.
007
a
nd
1.
017
with
a
r
e
f
lec
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
of
0.
009
.
T
he
f
oll
owing
F
ig
ur
e
s
3
(
a
)
a
nd
(
b)
s
hows
the
s
i
mul
a
ted
r
e
tur
n
los
s
a
nd
VSWR
of
the
s
tr
uc
tur
e
.
T
he
im
pe
da
nc
e
ba
nd
width
of
6
2.
50%
is
obs
e
r
ve
d
a
t
3.
5
GH
z
a
nd
61.
53
%
a
t
9.
1
GH
z
.
F
igur
e
2.
T
he
S
im
ulate
d
s
c
he
matic
of
the
p
r
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
T
a
ble
1.
S
im
ulation
pa
r
a
mete
r
P
a
r
a
me
te
r
V
a
lu
e
(
mm
)
P
a
r
a
me
te
r
Va
lu
e
(
mm
)
Sl
26
G
r
ound
-
L
8
Sw
32
G
l1
9.7
Pl
13
G
l2
10
Pw
11.5
Fl
14.5
S
qua
r
e
C
ut
-
L
* W
2*2.5
Fw
2
In
-
L
8
T1
2.8
Tw
0.77
Tl
3.6
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
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T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
12
09
-
121
5
1212
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
3.
(
a
)
R
e
tur
n
los
s
(S
11
)
P
a
r
a
mete
r
plot
,
(
b
)
VSWR
plot
T
he
r
a
diation
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
a
t
3.
5
GH
z
a
nd
9
.
1
GH
z
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
a
r
e
a
s
s
hown
in
the
F
igur
e
s
4
(
a
)
a
nd
(
b)
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
I
t
is
obs
e
r
ve
d
that
the
nor
mal
dipol
e
ope
r
a
ti
on
i.
e
.
F
igur
e
o
f
e
ight
is
obs
e
r
ve
d
f
r
om
the
E
-
plane
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
a
nd
t
h
e
Omni
-
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
pa
tt
e
r
n
obs
e
r
ve
d
f
r
om
the
H
-
plane
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
.
T
he
be
a
m
width
s
o
obtaine
d
is
42.
53
0
a
t
3.
5
GH
z
a
nd
42
.
53
0
a
t
9
.
1
GH
z
a
nd
c
a
n
be
obs
e
r
ve
d
f
r
om
the
f
oll
owing
plot
s
.
T
he
s
tr
uc
tur
e
is
pr
ovidi
ng
the
good
im
pe
da
nc
e
matc
h
a
t
thes
e
f
r
e
que
nc
i
e
s
a
nd
c
a
n
be
obs
e
r
ve
d
f
r
om
the
f
ol
lowing
S
m
it
h
C
ha
r
t
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igu
r
e
5.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
ig
ur
e
4.
R
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
f
or
bo
th
P
hi
=
0
a
nd
90
de
g
at
(
a
)
3
.
5
GH
z
a
nd
(
b)
9.
1
GH
z
F
ig
ur
e
5
.
S
mi
th
c
ha
r
t
c
h
a
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
s
ign
of
high
gain
dual
T
-
s
hape
d
s
tub
antenna
fo
r
s
atelli
te
c
omm
unication
(
A
.
P
r
amod
K
umar
)
1213
T
he
s
tr
uc
tur
e
is
of
f
e
r
ing
a
ga
in
of
5
.
2
dB
i
a
t
3
.
5
GH
z
a
nd
2
.
5
dB
i
a
r
9
.
1
GH
z
a
nd
c
a
n
be
obs
e
r
ve
d
f
r
om
the
f
oll
owing
F
igu
r
e
6
a
nd
the
3
dim
e
ns
ional
ga
in
of
the
p
r
opos
e
d
s
tr
uc
tur
e
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
7.
I
t
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
that
the
p
r
opos
e
d
s
tr
uc
tur
e
is
of
f
e
r
ing
li
ne
a
r
polar
iza
ti
on
a
t
3
.
5
GH
z
a
nd
a
s
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
it
is
s
howing
the
c
ir
c
ular
polar
iza
ti
on.
T
he
s
a
me
c
a
n
be
obs
e
r
ve
d
f
r
om
the
r
e
tur
n
los
s
plot
a
nd
the
a
xial
r
a
ti
o
a
t
9.
1
GH
z
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
8.
F
ig
ur
e
6
.
Ga
in
C
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
F
ig
ur
e
7
.
3
-
D
plot
s
howing
the
ga
in
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
F
ig
ur
e
8
.
Axia
l
r
a
ti
o
a
t
9.
1
GH
z
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
12
09
-
121
5
1214
3.
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
OF
T
HE
S
I
M
UL
AT
I
ON
RE
S
U
L
T
S
I
t
is
obs
e
r
ve
d
f
r
om
the
a
bove
p
lot
s
that
the
a
nte
nna
is
r
e
s
ona
ti
ng
a
t
dua
l
ba
nd
i
.
e
3
.
5
GH
z
a
nd
9.
1
GH
z
with
good
r
e
tur
n
los
s
va
lues
mor
e
than
-
10
dB
a
nd
with
a
VSWR
e
qua
ls
n
e
a
r
ly
unit
y.
T
hi
s
s
hows
the
a
ntenna
is
s
howing
im
p
r
ove
d
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
in
ter
ms
of
V
S
W
R
.
Highly
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
f
r
om
the
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
a
nd
a
be
a
m
width
of
42.
23
0
is
a
c
hieve
d.
T
his
make
s
the
a
ntenna
s
uit
a
ble
f
or
long
dis
tanc
e
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
with
im
pr
ove
d
dir
e
c
ti
vit
y.
I
t
c
a
n
a
ls
o
be
vis
ua
li
z
e
d
f
r
om
the
a
bove
f
ig
ur
e
s
that
the
a
n
tenna
is
pr
ovidi
ng
les
s
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
a
t
thos
e
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
a
s
they
of
f
e
r
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
polar
iza
ti
ons
a
t
the
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
a
nd
it
is
obs
e
r
ve
d
th
a
t
t
h
e
l
i
n
e
a
r
p
ol
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
t
l
o
w
e
r
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
ba
n
d
a
n
d
c
i
r
c
u
l
a
r
p
o
l
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
e
d
a
n
c
e
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
p
e
r
f
or
m
a
n
c
e
i
s
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
w
h
i
c
h
m
a
k
e
s
t
h
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
br
o
a
d
b
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
g
a
i
n
o
f
5.
2
d
B
i
a
n
d
2.
5
d
B
i
a
l
o
n
g
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
c
a
n
b
e
o
b
s
e
r
ve
d
f
r
om
t
h
e
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
.
T
h
e
a
n
t
e
n
na
i
s
of
f
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
l
a
r
.
P
o
l
a
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
t
9.
1
GH
z
w
i
t
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
e
r
f
or
m
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
c
o
u
l
d
p
r
o
vi
d
e
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
i
s
o
n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
w
i
t
h
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
wor
ks
p
r
e
s
e
nted
in
the
T
a
ble
2.
T
a
ble
2.
P
e
r
f
o
r
manc
e
c
ompar
is
on
P
e
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
c
ompa
r
e
P
r
opos
e
d w
or
k
[
1
]
[
8
]
[
10
]
D
ie
le
c
tr
ic
c
ons
ta
nt
3.55
3.38
2.65
4.4
T
hi
c
kne
s
s
(
mm
)
0.8
0.8
1
1.6
S
iz
e
(
λ
0
*
λ
0
)
0.59*0.68
0.59*0.73
0.77*0.93
0.59*0.68
F
r
e
que
nc
y
9.15
G
H
z
9
G
H
z
8.5
G
H
z
8.25
G
H
z
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
s
tr
uc
tur
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
thi
s
pa
pe
r
c
a
n
wor
k
f
or
b
r
oa
d
ba
nd
ope
r
a
ti
on
wi
th
the
dua
l
ba
nd
ope
r
a
ti
on
due
to
the
int
r
oduc
ti
on
of
the
s
tubs
in
the
s
lot
pr
ovided
in
the
r
a
diating
e
leme
nt
.
T
he
s
tr
uc
tur
e
of
f
e
r
s
the
be
tt
e
r
im
pe
da
nc
e
matc
hing
a
t
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
givi
ng
r
is
e
to
the
s
table
r
a
diation
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
a
t
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
.
T
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
of
f
e
r
e
d
a
t
the
r
e
c
e
iver
is
low
a
nd
c
a
n
be
ope
r
a
ted
indepe
nde
ntl
y
a
t
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
.
T
he
im
pr
o
ve
d
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
in
the
ga
in
a
s
we
ll
a
s
ba
nd
widt
h
due
to
the
pr
ope
r
de
s
igni
ng
a
nd
opti
mi
z
a
ti
on
o
f
the
f
e
e
d
li
ne
a
nd
the
tr
unc
a
ted
gr
ound
plane
s
tr
uc
tur
e
.
T
he
two
notch
ba
nds
3.
3
-
4
GH
z
(
W
i
-
M
AX
)
,
9.
1
-
9.
1
.
GH
z
(
W
L
AN
)
a
nd
thi
s
type
of
s
tr
uc
tur
e
is
mo
r
e
s
uit
a
ble
f
or
long
dis
tanc
e
c
omm
unica
ti
ons
be
c
a
us
e
of
it
s
incr
e
a
s
e
d
dir
e
c
ti
vit
y.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
s
tr
uc
tur
e
is
de
s
igned
with
a
R
oge
r
s
mate
r
ial
S
ubs
tr
a
te
a
nd
is
c
ompac
t
a
nd
e
a
s
y
to
de
s
ign.
T
his
im
pr
ove
d
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
s
tr
uc
tur
e
make
s
it
s
uit
a
ble
to
us
e
f
or
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
wir
e
les
s
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
s
uc
h
a
s
in
s
a
telli
te
c
omm
unica
ti
on
s
ys
tems
.
T
he
s
tr
uc
tur
e
c
a
n
be
f
ur
t
he
r
a
lt
e
r
e
d
with
int
r
oduc
ing
mor
e
number
of
s
tubs
to
of
f
e
r
mul
ti
ba
nd
ope
r
a
ti
on
a
nd
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
f
or
e
ve
n
f
o
r
upc
omi
ng
5G
c
omm
unica
ti
on
S
ys
tems
.
AC
KNOWL
E
DGE
M
E
NT
T
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
w
o
u
l
d
l
i
k
e
t
o
a
c
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
t
h
e
R
F
&
M
W
E
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
V
a
r
d
h
a
m
a
n
c
o
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
H
y
d
e
r
a
b
a
d
f
o
r
g
r
a
n
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
e
r
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
t
o
u
s
e
t
h
e
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
A
n
s
y
s
-
H
F
S
S
a
n
d
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
W
en
J
i
an
g
an
d
W
en
q
u
a
n
Ch
e,
“A
N
o
v
e
l
U
W
B
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
w
i
t
h
D
u
a
l
N
o
t
c
h
ed
Ban
d
s
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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