T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
, V
ol
.
1
7
,
No.
6
,
Dec
e
mb
er
201
9
, p
p.
2
75
5
~
2763
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
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6
93
0
,
accr
ed
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F
irst
Gr
ad
e b
y K
em
en
r
istekdikti,
Decr
ee
No: 2
1/E/
K
P
T
/20
18
DOI:
10.12928/TE
LK
OM
N
IK
A
.v
1
7
i
6
.
12828
◼
27
55
Rec
ei
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ed
A
pril
3
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01
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v
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J
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28
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20
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A
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Baud
ra
te varia
t
ion
s e
ff
ec
t o
n vi
rtual c
han
nel
based
on
PIC m
icroco
nt
roll
er
S
ar
m
ad K.
Ibrahim
*
1
,
Hu
s
se
in M.
Hath
al
2
,
Riy
adh
A.
Ab
d
u
lhu
ss
ein
3
M
u
s
t
a
n
s
i
ri
y
a
h
U
n
i
v
e
rs
i
ty
,
Co
l
l
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
Ba
g
h
d
a
d
,
Ira
q
*
Corre
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
a
u
th
o
r,
e
-
m
a
i
l
:
e
n
g
_
s
a
r
m
a
d
n
e
t@u
o
m
u
s
ta
n
s
i
ri
y
a
h
.e
d
u
.i
q
1
,
h
u
s
s
e
i
n
.m
.
h
a
th
a
l
@uo
m
u
s
ta
n
s
i
ri
y
a
h
.e
d
u
.i
q
2
,
ri
y
a
d
h
@uo
m
u
s
t
a
n
s
i
r
i
y
a
h
.e
d
u
.i
q
3
Ab
strac
t
Rec
e
n
t
y
e
a
r i
n
t
h
e
wo
rl
d
t
h
e
re
a
l
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
u
s
u
a
l
l
y
n
e
e
d
e
d
o
n
l
y
a
f
e
w
k
e
y
f
e
a
tu
re
s
o
f
Un
i
v
e
rs
a
l
As
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
Rec
e
i
v
e
r
Tra
n
s
m
i
tt
e
r
(UAR
T).
It
i
s
a
ty
p
e
o
f
s
e
ri
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
,
whi
c
h
i
m
p
ro
v
e
s
th
e
p
r
o
b
l
e
m
o
f
p
a
ra
l
l
e
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
s
e
ff
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
i
n
s
e
v
e
ra
l
s
e
rv
i
c
e
s
.
T
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
p
re
s
e
n
t
s
a
tra
n
s
c
e
i
v
e
r
s
y
s
te
m
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
PI
C
m
i
c
ro
c
o
n
tro
l
l
e
r.
It
a
l
s
o
p
re
s
e
n
t
s
s
o
f
twa
re
d
e
s
i
g
n
s
t
o
tra
n
s
m
i
t
a
n
d
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
a
ta
t
h
ro
u
g
h
t
h
e
v
i
rtu
a
l
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
.
Th
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
to
s
t
u
d
y
t
h
e
e
ff
e
c
ts
o
f
b
a
u
d
ra
te
v
a
r
i
a
ti
o
n
s
b
e
twe
e
n
tra
n
s
m
i
tt
e
r
a
n
d
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
r
fo
r
n
o
i
s
e
a
n
d
n
o
i
s
e
l
e
s
s
AWGN
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
.
Th
e
s
y
s
te
m
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
s
i
m
u
l
a
te
d
b
y
Pro
t
e
u
s
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
o
r
v
e
rs
i
o
n
8
.
1
,
a
n
d
th
e
n
te
s
te
d
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
u
l
l
y
a
t
b
a
u
d
ra
te
s
(2
4
0
0
,
4
8
0
0
,
9
6
0
0
,
a
n
d
1
9
2
0
0
)
b
p
s
.
Si
m
u
l
a
ti
o
n
re
s
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
t
h
e
e
rro
r
ra
t
e
h
a
s
z
e
ro
v
a
l
u
e
s
a
t
th
e
d
e
s
i
re
d
b
a
u
d
ra
te
v
a
l
u
e
,
a
n
d
a
l
s
o
,
a
t
th
e
a
d
j
a
c
e
n
t
v
a
l
u
e
s
.
Th
u
s
,
th
e
z
e
ro
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
e
rro
r
r
a
te
i
s
i
n
c
re
a
s
e
d
b
y
i
n
c
re
a
s
i
n
g
b
a
u
d
r
a
te
v
a
l
u
e
s
,
whi
c
h
fi
x
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
t
ra
n
s
m
i
tt
e
r
a
n
d
v
i
c
e
v
e
r
s
a
.
Key
w
ords
:
b
a
u
d
r
a
te
(BR),
m
i
c
ro
c
o
n
tro
l
l
e
r
-
b
a
s
e
d
s
y
s
te
m
,
p
r
o
te
u
s
s
i
m
u
l
a
to
r
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
8
.
1
.
,
R
S2
3
2
s
e
ri
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
,
UAR
T
Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
9
Uni
v
e
rsi
t
a
s
Ahm
a
d
D
a
hl
a
n.
All
rig
ht
s
r
e
s
e
rve
d
.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
W
i
r
e
l
es
s
c
om
mu
n
i
c
at
i
on
’
was
fi
r
s
t
propos
e
d
d
urin
g
the
19
t
h
c
e
ntu
r
y
a
nd
ha
s
s
i
nc
e
un
de
r
go
n
e
a
hu
ge
de
v
e
l
o
pm
en
t.
W
i
r
el
es
s
c
o
mm
u
ni
c
ati
on
i
s
a
v
i
tal
m
ed
i
um
f
or
tr
an
s
m
i
tt
i
ng
i
nfo
r
ma
t
i
on
wi
tho
ut
us
i
ng
c
ab
l
es
,
wi
r
es
or
s
i
m
i
l
ar
e
l
ec
tr
on
i
c
c
o
nd
uc
tors
,
bu
t
ma
k
i
n
g
us
e
of
el
ec
tr
o
ma
g
ne
t
i
c
wav
es
l
i
k
e
RF
,
IR,
s
ate
l
l
i
te
c
o
mm
u
ni
c
at
i
on
,
etc
.
Cur
r
e
ntl
y
,
w
i
r
el
es
s
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
on
i
nc
l
ud
es
ma
ny
de
v
i
c
es
or
tec
hn
ol
o
gi
es
,
i
nc
l
u
di
n
g
c
om
p
ute
r
s
,
s
ma
r
tph
on
es
,
tab
l
ets
,
or
l
ap
to
ps
.
T
h
e
as
y
nc
hronou
s
s
er
i
a
l
c
om
mu
n
i
c
ati
on
s
h
ows
ma
ny
ad
v
an
t
ag
es
l
i
k
e
h
i
gh
r
el
i
a
bi
l
i
ty
,
few
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
i
o
n
l
i
n
es
,
l
o
ng
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
i
on
d
i
s
t
an
c
es
,
an
d
he
nc
e,
i
s
us
e
d
f
or
ex
c
ha
ng
i
ng
da
ta
be
t
wee
n
th
e
c
om
pu
t
ers
an
d
oth
er
pe
r
i
ph
er
al
s
.
T
h
i
s
as
y
nc
hronou
s
s
eri
al
da
t
a
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
on
i
s
ge
n
eral
l
y
i
mp
l
em
e
nte
d
wi
th
t
he
he
l
p
of
a
Un
i
v
er
s
al
A
s
y
nc
hron
ou
s
Rec
e
i
v
er
T
r
an
s
mi
tt
er
(
UA
RT
)
[1
-
4].
T
h
e
UA
RT
h
e
l
ps
i
n
c
arr
y
i
ng
ou
t
a
f
ul
l
-
du
p
l
ex
c
om
m
un
i
c
a
ti
o
n
wi
th
th
e
s
eria
l
l
i
nk
a
nd
i
s
wi
de
l
y
us
ed
for
d
ata
c
om
mu
n
i
c
ati
on
a
nd
i
n
c
on
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Howev
er,
th
e
UA
R
T
ap
p
l
i
c
ati
on
s
on
l
y
us
e
s
om
e
of
i
ts
i
mp
ort
an
t f
ea
tures
[
5
-
8].
In
tod
ay
’
s
wor
l
d,
da
ta
c
om
mu
n
i
c
ati
on
i
s
an
i
nte
gral
c
om
po
ne
nt
of
e
l
ec
tr
o
ni
c
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
he
c
om
mo
n
l
y
us
ed
da
t
a
c
om
m
un
i
c
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
ni
qu
e
i
s
t
he
as
y
nc
hron
ou
s
s
eria
l
d
at
a
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
,
whi
c
h
i
s
c
om
mo
n
l
y
em
pl
oy
e
d
i
n
m
i
c
r
oc
on
tr
o
l
l
er
-
ba
s
ed
ap
pl
i
c
ati
on
s
r
eq
u
i
r
i
ng
mu
l
ti
p
l
e
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
on
r
at
es
[9]
.
B
au
d
r
ate
r
ef
ers
to
the
r
ate
at
whi
c
h
th
e
bi
ts
are
tr
an
s
mi
tt
ed
.
In
o
the
r
wor
ds
,
the
ba
ud
r
at
e
d
es
c
r
i
be
s
the
r
ate
at
wh
i
c
h
t
he
d
a
ta
i
s
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
ed
w
i
th
i
n
the
c
om
m
un
i
c
a
ti
o
n
c
ha
nn
e
l
[1
0
-
12]
.
P
r
op
er
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
on
ne
e
ds
a
s
i
m
i
l
ar
v
al
ue
f
or
the
r
ec
ep
t
i
o
n
a
nd
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
ba
ud
r
a
tes
[1]
.
S
om
e
of
th
e
c
om
mo
n
ba
u
d
r
ate
s
i
nc
l
ud
e
12
0
0,
24
00
,
4
80
0
,
96
0
0,
14
40
0,
19
20
0,
38
40
0,
5
76
0
0 a
nd
11
5
20
0
bi
ts
/s
[1
].
T
he
UA
RT
c
on
tr
o
l
l
er i
s
an
i
mp
or
ta
nt
p
art us
ed
i
n t
he
s
eria
l
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
ng
s
ub
s
y
s
tem
of
the
c
o
mp
ute
r
.
UA
RT
ac
c
ep
ts
the
d
ata
by
tes
an
d
s
e
qu
en
ti
al
l
y
tr
a
ns
mi
ts
a
l
l
the
i
nd
i
v
i
du
al
b
i
ts
.
A
t
the
r
ec
ei
v
er,
an
ot
he
r
U
A
R
T
as
s
em
bl
es
al
l
the
r
ec
e
i
v
i
ng
da
t
a
b
i
ts
i
nt
o
the
c
o
mp
l
ete
da
ta
by
tes
.
S
uc
h
a
s
er
i
al
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
i
o
n
s
y
s
tem
i
s
us
e
d
i
n
mo
d
em
s
a
nd
for
no
n
-
n
etwo
r
k
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
on
am
on
gs
t th
e t
erm
i
n
al
s
, c
o
mp
ut
ers
an
d
oth
er s
uc
h d
e
v
i
c
es
.
T
he
as
y
nc
hro
no
us
s
er
i
a
l
c
om
m
un
i
c
ati
on
i
s
g
en
eral
l
y
i
m
pl
em
e
nte
d
w
i
th
th
e
h
el
p
of
a
U
A
RT
[1]
.
UA
RT
he
l
p
s
i
n
c
arr
y
i
ng
o
ut
a
f
ul
l
-
du
pl
ex
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
on
i
n
the
s
eria
l
l
i
nk
an
d
i
s
wi
de
l
y
us
ed
for
da
t
a
c
om
m
un
i
c
at
i
o
n
an
d
c
on
tr
ol
s
y
s
tem
s
.
UA
RT
c
on
s
i
s
ts
of
the
r
e
c
ei
v
er
(
RX
)
and
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
6
,
D
ec
em
b
er
20
19
:
27
5
5
-
2763
2756
tr
an
s
mi
t
ter
(
T
X
)
.
T
he
da
t
a
tr
an
s
mi
s
s
i
on
i
s
c
on
tr
ol
l
ed
by
ob
ta
i
n
i
ng
t
he
d
ata
i
n
t
he
p
ar
al
l
el
s
tr
uc
turer
an
d
t
he
r
ea
fte
r
,
w
i
th
the
he
l
p
of
the
UA
RT
,
s
eria
l
l
y
tr
a
ns
mi
ts
th
e
d
ata
.
O
n
the
ot
he
r
ha
nd
,
t
he
r
ec
ei
v
er
de
t
ec
ts
thi
s
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
ed
d
ata
,
r
ec
ei
v
es
the
s
eri
al
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
,
an
d
s
t
ores
the
r
ec
ei
v
ed
d
ata
to
t
he
pa
r
al
l
el
for
ma
t.
Un
i
v
ers
al
A
s
y
n
c
hronou
s
Rec
e
i
v
er
T
r
an
s
m
i
tte
r
,
pres
en
t
i
n
the
r
ec
e
i
v
er,
c
on
v
erts
th
e
s
eria
l
da
ta
i
n
t
he
p
aral
l
e
l
for
ma
t.
S
uc
h
s
er
i
a
l
c
om
mu
n
i
c
ati
o
n
prev
e
nts
s
i
gn
a
l
di
s
t
orti
o
n
,
an
d
da
ta
tr
an
s
fer
c
an
s
uc
c
es
s
ful
l
y
t
ak
e
pl
ac
e
be
tw
ee
n
t
he
s
y
s
tem
s
ha
v
i
ng
a
l
on
g
di
s
t
an
c
e
b
etwe
en
ea
c
h
oth
er.
T
h
e
Un
i
v
ers
al
A
s
y
nc
hronou
s
Rec
e
i
v
er
T
r
an
s
mi
tt
er
s
eria
l
mo
du
l
e
c
an
be
d
i
v
i
de
d
i
nt
o
t
hree
di
ff
erent
s
ub
pa
r
t
-
mo
du
l
es
:
r
ec
e
i
v
er
,
tr
a
ns
mi
tte
r
,
an
d
a
ge
ne
r
at
or
of
ba
ud
r
at
e
[2]
.
B
au
d
r
ate
ge
ne
r
ato
r
i
s
fi
r
s
t
pa
r
t
tha
t
r
efe
r
s
to
a
ty
p
e
of
fr
eq
u
en
c
y
di
v
i
de
r
a
nd
produc
es
l
oc
al
c
l
oc
k
s
i
g
na
l
s
.
T
he
ba
ud
r
ate
fr
eq
u
en
c
y
fac
tor
i
s
de
termi
ne
d
w
i
th
the
h
el
p
of
the
c
l
oc
k
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
e
ne
c
es
s
ary
ba
ud
-
r
at
e.
T
h
e
fac
tor
of
fr
e
qu
en
c
y
i
s
us
e
d
for
di
v
i
d
i
ng
fac
tor.
In
the
UA
RT
-
ba
s
e
d
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
s
y
s
tem
s
,
a
fte
r
es
tab
l
i
s
hi
n
g
t
he
ba
u
d
r
ate
,
t
he
i
nt
erna
l
c
l
oc
k
s
of
t
he
r
ec
e
i
v
er
an
d
t
he
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
r
are
s
et
a
t
s
i
m
i
l
ar
fr
eq
u
en
c
i
es
.
T
X
D
i
s
the
UA
RT
ou
t
pu
t
or
th
e
tr
an
s
mi
tte
r
s
i
t
e,
wh
i
l
e
t
he
R
DX
r
ep
r
es
en
ts
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
or
th
e
UA
RT
i
np
u
t
s
i
te.
T
he
UA
RT
’
s
r
ec
e
i
v
er
mo
de
l
r
ec
e
i
v
es
th
e
s
i
gn
a
l
i
n
s
eri
es
at
th
e
R
DX
s
i
te
an
d
c
on
v
erts
the
s
i
g
na
l
i
nto
a
pa
r
a
l
l
el
for
ma
t.
T
h
ereaf
ter,
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
t
m
od
u
l
e
o
f
th
e
UA
RT
c
on
v
erts
thi
s
da
t
a
i
nto
s
eri
es
bi
ts
b
as
ed
on
i
t
s
fr
am
e
forma
t
an
d
t
he
n
,
tr
an
s
mi
ts
th
e
da
t
a
bi
ts
throu
gh
the
T
X
D
[2]
.
Mi
c
r
oc
om
pu
ters
are
s
ec
o
n
d
c
om
po
ne
t
i
nc
l
ud
e
s
a m
i
c
r
op
r
oc
es
s
or,
Inp
ut
-
O
utp
ut
(
I/
O
)
de
v
i
c
e,
an
d
progr
am
me
r
an
d
d
ata
m
em
ory
.
S
o
me
of
the
m
i
c
r
oc
om
pu
t
er
s
y
s
tem
s
al
s
o
i
nc
l
ud
e
o
the
r
c
om
po
n
en
ts
l
i
k
e
c
ou
nt
ers
,
ti
me
r
s
,
an
d
th
e
a
na
l
og
-
to
-
di
gi
tal
c
o
nv
erter
s
.
He
nc
e,
t
he
m
i
c
r
oc
om
pu
ter
s
y
s
tem
r
an
ge
s
fr
o
m
a
bi
g
c
om
pu
ti
n
g
d
ev
i
c
e
w
i
th
prin
te
r
s
,
fl
op
py
di
s
k
s
,
an
d
ha
r
d
d
i
s
k
s
to
a
s
ma
l
l
s
i
ng
l
e
-
c
hi
p
em
be
d
de
d
s
y
s
tem
[
13
].
O
n
e
of
the
mo
s
t
po
pu
l
ar
m
i
c
r
oc
on
tr
o
l
l
ers
i
nc
l
u
de
s
P
IC1
6
-
s
erie
s
m
i
c
r
oc
on
tr
ol
l
ers
.
T
ho
ug
h
the
y
are
ex
c
el
l
en
t
f
or
ge
ne
r
a
l
us
e,
th
ey
a
l
s
o
ha
v
e
ma
ny
l
i
m
i
ta
ti
o
ns
.
S
om
e
of
t
he
s
e
l
i
mi
t
ati
on
s
i
nc
l
ud
e
1)
L
i
m
i
ted
progr
a
mm
i
ng
an
d
da
t
a
me
mo
r
y
,
2)
P
r
i
m
i
ti
v
e
i
nte
r
r
u
pt
s
tr
uc
ture
,
an
d
3)
S
am
e
i
nte
r
r
u
pt
v
ec
tor
i
s
s
h
ared
be
twe
en
a
l
l
the
i
nte
r
r
up
t
s
ou
r
c
es
. The P
IC
16
-
s
erie
s
mi
c
r
oc
on
tr
o
l
l
ers
are un
ab
l
e
to
prov
i
d
e d
i
r
ec
t s
up
po
r
t t
o
th
e a
dv
a
nc
ed
pe
r
i
p
he
r
a
l
i
nt
erfac
es
l
i
k
e
CA
N
bu
s
,
Un
i
v
ers
al
S
eria
l
B
us
(
US
B
)
de
v
i
c
es
,
etc
.
F
urthermor
e,
i
nte
r
f
ac
i
n
g
w
i
th
the
s
e
de
v
i
c
es
prov
es
t
o
b
e
d
i
ff
i
c
ul
t
.
T
he
s
e
mi
c
r
oc
o
ntrol
l
ers
ha
v
e
a
l
i
m
i
te
d
i
ns
tr
uc
ti
o
na
l
ma
n
ua
l
a
nd
do
no
t
c
on
t
ai
n
i
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
s
f
or
ev
en
t
he
ba
s
i
c
ma
the
ma
t
i
c
al
fea
t
ures
l
i
k
e
mu
l
t
i
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n a
nd
di
v
i
s
i
on
.
B
r
an
c
h
i
ng
i
ns
tr
uc
t
i
on
s
are
s
i
mp
l
e a
nd
c
o
mb
i
ne
th
e s
k
i
p a
n
d t
h
e g
o
-
to
i
ns
tr
uc
ti
o
ns
[
13
].
P
IC1
8
-
s
erie
s
mi
c
r
oc
on
tr
o
l
l
ers
are
de
s
i
gn
ed
by
Mi
c
r
oc
h
i
p
Inc
.
,
an
d
the
y
are
ma
i
nl
y
us
ed
i
n
the
h
i
g
h
-
de
n
s
i
ty
,
hi
gh
-
pi
n
-
c
o
un
t,
a
nd
c
o
mp
l
ex
ap
p
l
i
c
at
i
on
s
.
T
h
es
e
mi
c
r
oc
on
tr
o
l
l
ers
off
er
c
os
t
-
eff
ec
ti
v
e
s
o
l
ut
i
o
n
s
for
the
ge
ne
r
a
l
a
pp
l
i
c
at
i
o
ns
tha
t
are
wr
i
tte
n
i
n
t
he
C
-
progr
am
mi
n
g
l
an
gu
a
ge
,
us
e
th
e
R
ea
l
-
T
i
m
e
O
p
erati
ng
S
y
s
te
m
(
RT
O
S
)
an
d
n
ee
d
a
c
o
mp
l
i
c
at
ed
c
om
m
un
i
c
a
ti
o
n
protoc
ol
s
tac
k
l
i
k
e
C
A
N,
U
S
B
,
T
C
P
/I
P
,
or
Z
i
g
B
ee
.
T
h
e
P
IC1
8F
mi
c
r
oc
on
tr
ol
l
er
d
ev
i
c
es
prov
i
de
a
fl
as
h
pro
gram
m
em
ory
r
an
gi
n
g
be
tw
ee
n
8
-
12
8
k
B
,
d
ata
me
mo
r
y
r
an
g
i
ng
be
tw
ee
n
4
-
2
56
k
B
,
op
erat
e i
n t
h
e ran
ge
o
f 2
-
5
v
ol
ts
an
d h
av
e
a
s
pe
ed
r
a
n
gi
n
g f
r
om
DC t
o 4
0
MHz
[
13
].
A
W
G
N
i
s
l
as
t
c
o
mp
o
ne
n
t
t
ha
t
r
ef
ers
to
r
an
d
om
s
i
gn
a
l
s
or
proc
es
s
es
ha
v
i
ng
a
fl
at
po
wer
s
pe
c
tr
al
de
ns
i
ty
.
T
he
y
c
on
t
ai
n
s
i
gn
a
l
s
wi
th
eq
u
al
p
o
we
r
i
n
the
fi
x
ed
ba
nd
w
i
dt
h
at
a
ny
of
the
c
en
t
er
fr
eq
ue
nc
i
es
.
T
h
i
s
n
oi
s
e
i
s
h
el
pf
ul
for
m
ea
s
uri
ng
an
d
tes
ti
ng
the
wi
de
b
an
d
c
om
mu
n
i
c
ati
on
c
i
r
c
ui
ts
.
T
he
A
dd
i
ti
v
e
W
h
i
te
G
a
us
s
i
a
n
Noi
s
e
(
A
W
G
N)
i
s
c
om
m
o
nl
y
us
ed
i
n
a
l
l
the
c
o
mm
un
i
c
ati
o
n
c
ha
n
ne
l
s
an
d
i
s
de
s
c
r
i
be
d
a
s
th
e
s
t
ati
s
ti
c
a
l
l
y
r
a
nd
o
m
r
ad
i
o
no
i
s
e
ha
v
i
n
g
a
c
h
arac
teri
s
ti
c
wi
de
fr
eq
u
en
c
y
r
an
ge
am
o
ng
s
t a
l
l
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
s
i
n a
c
o
mm
u
ni
c
at
i
o
n c
ha
nn
e
l
[1
4].
2.
Rel
ated
W
o
r
k
Her
e,
the
a
uth
ors
ha
v
e
s
ho
wn
tha
t
UA
RT
w
as
the
pr
og
r
am
mi
ng
m
i
c
r
oc
hi
p
d
ev
i
c
e
tha
t
c
on
tr
ol
l
ed
t
he
i
nte
r
f
ac
e
be
t
ween
t
he
c
om
pu
t
er
an
d
i
ts
pe
r
i
p
he
r
a
l
de
v
i
c
es
.
I
t
i
s
a
v
e
r
y
po
pu
l
ar
s
eria
l
da
ta
c
om
mu
n
i
c
at
i
on
c
i
r
c
ui
t.
T
he
s
eri
al
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
proc
es
s
d
ep
e
nd
s
on
the
s
hi
ft
r
eg
i
s
ters
prin
c
i
pl
e
.
T
he
r
e
are
2
forms
of
di
f
ferent
s
er
i
al
tr
an
s
mi
s
s
i
o
ns
,
i
.e.
,
S
y
n
c
hrono
us
an
d
the
A
s
y
nc
hron
ou
s
s
y
s
tem
s
.
In
th
e
s
y
nc
hro
no
us
s
eria
l
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
on
,
t
he
T
X
an
d
th
e
RX
h
av
e
to
tr
an
s
m
i
t
at
t
he
s
a
m
e
ti
me
.
F
urtherm
ore,
th
e
as
y
nc
hrono
us
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
h
el
ps
i
n
the
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
of
d
ata
w
i
tho
ut
s
e
nd
i
ng
a
ny
c
l
oc
k
s
i
g
na
l
s
to
t
he
R
X
s
.
T
he
U
A
R
T
mo
du
l
es
are
s
ati
s
fi
e
d
i
n
t
he
as
y
nc
hrono
us
da
t
a
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
w
i
th
th
e
he
l
p
of
t
he
V
HD
L
d
es
i
g
n
l
an
gu
ag
e
.
V
ery
s
tab
l
e
an
d
r
e
l
i
a
bl
e
r
es
ul
ts
c
an
be
o
bta
i
ne
d.
F
urth
ermor
e,
the
d
es
i
g
n
di
s
p
l
ay
s
hi
g
h
fl
ex
i
bi
l
i
ty
wi
th
the
r
ef
erenc
e
v
al
u
es
an
d
b
e
tte
r
i
nte
gr
ati
o
n
[
15
].
Ma
ny
s
y
s
tem
s
ha
v
e
be
e
n
pres
e
nte
d
i
n
th
i
s
s
tud
y
,
i
nc
l
u
di
ng
h
i
gh
d
ata
c
ol
l
ec
t
i
on
a
nd
s
pe
e
d
c
on
tr
o
l
s
y
s
tem
s
,
whi
c
h
d
ep
e
nd
o
n
the
P
erip
he
r
al
Comp
on
e
nt
I
nte
r
c
on
ne
c
t
(
P
CI)
a
nd
the
mu
l
t
i
-
di
gi
t
al
s
i
gn
al
proc
es
s
i
ng
s
y
s
tem
s
.
F
i
r
s
t
-
i
n
f
i
r
s
t
-
out
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
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69
3
-
6
93
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au
d
r
ate
v
aria
t
i
o
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ef
fec
t
on
v
i
r
tu
al
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h
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n
el
ba
s
ed
…
(
S
arma
d K
.
Ib
r
a
hi
m
)
2757
(
F
IFO
)
was
us
e
d
for
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
ng
be
tw
ee
n
the
l
ow
a
nd
h
i
g
h
-
s
pe
ed
c
o
mp
on
en
t,
or
for
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
ng
be
t
wee
n
th
e
s
ub
-
c
on
tr
o
l
l
ers
.
F
i
r
s
t
-
i
n
f
i
r
s
t
-
ou
t
(
F
IFO
)
i
s
an
es
s
en
ti
a
l
c
om
p
on
e
nt
o
f
s
uc
h
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
ac
ts
as
a
brid
g
e
b
etwe
en
s
ev
era
l
d
e
v
i
c
es
.
In
th
i
s
s
tud
y
,
t
he
a
uth
ors
de
v
el
o
pe
d
a
c
on
tr
o
l
l
er
wh
i
c
h
c
on
tai
n
ed
t
he
F
P
G
A
-
b
as
ed
as
y
nc
hronou
s
F
IFO
as
i
ts
mo
s
t
s
i
gn
i
fi
c
a
nt
c
om
po
n
en
t.
T
h
i
s
F
IFO
he
l
p
ed
i
n
d
ete
r
m
i
n
i
n
g
th
e
v
ari
o
us
fea
t
ures
of
the
c
on
tr
o
l
l
er
an
d
c
ou
l
d
b
e
us
ed
fo
r
c
o
mp
l
et
i
ng
the
c
o
mm
u
ni
c
at
i
on
i
n
th
e
s
eria
l
or
th
e
pa
r
al
l
e
l
p
orts
[1
6]
.
Her
e,
t
he
au
t
ho
r
s
ha
v
e
a
l
s
o u
s
ed
an
8
c
om
m
on
da
t
a
bi
t
nu
m
be
r
,
wh
i
c
h c
orr
es
po
nd
ed
to
on
e
by
te
o
f
da
t
a.
A
g
en
er
al
A
S
CII
c
od
e
i
n
t
he
c
om
mu
n
i
c
ati
on
de
v
i
c
e
us
es
on
l
y
s
ev
en
LS
B
s
,
whi
l
e
th
e
M
S
B
w
as
z
ero.
W
he
n
th
e
U
A
RT
was
c
on
f
i
gu
r
ed
i
n
ei
gh
t
d
ata
b
i
ts
,
o
ne
s
to
p
bi
t,
an
d
z
ero
pa
r
i
ty
bi
t,
the
r
ec
e
i
v
ed
d
ata
was
i
n
th
e
form
of
0
-
dd
d
d
-
d
dd
0
-
1,
wh
ere
d
was
th
e
da
t
a
bi
t
a
nd
c
ou
l
d
be
e
i
th
er
z
ero
or
o
ne
.
A
s
s
um
i
ng
t
ha
t
U
A
RT
ha
d
a
c
o
nfi
g
urati
o
n
of
e
i
g
ht
d
ata
bi
t
s
,
on
e
s
to
p
b
i
t,
an
d
z
ero
pa
r
i
ty
bi
t
,
t
he
ba
ud
r
at
e
w
as
g
en
era
l
l
y
48
0
0,
9
60
0
,
or
19
,
20
0
b
au
ds
[
17
].
T
hi
s
c
i
r
c
ui
t
produc
e
d
a
F
r
eq
u
en
c
y
Di
v
i
s
i
on
as
i
t
i
s
ab
l
e
to
di
v
i
d
e
th
e
i
np
u
t
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
by
t
he
f
ac
tor
of
2.
T
he
F
r
eq
u
en
c
y
Di
v
i
d
er
di
v
i
de
s
the
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
ba
s
ed
o
n
the
r
eq
ui
r
e
me
n
ts
of
the
s
y
s
tem
.
Henc
e,
the
au
th
ors
us
ed
th
e
U
A
RT
wi
t
h
a
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
di
v
i
de
r
as
thi
s
en
s
ure
d
t
ha
t
no
ot
he
r
de
v
i
c
e
ha
d
to
be
att
ac
he
d
t
o
the
s
y
s
tem
f
or
di
v
i
d
i
n
g
the
fr
e
qu
en
c
y
.
In
on
e
s
tu
dy
,
[18
]
t
he
a
uth
ors
i
mp
l
em
e
nte
d
t
he
t
wo
-
d
i
r
ec
ti
o
na
l
s
h
i
ft
c
o
n
v
erter
proc
es
s
wi
th
the
F
i
r
s
t
i
n
fi
r
s
t o
ut
an
d
t
he
UA
RT
c
i
r
c
ui
t
b
l
oc
k
s
i
n
an
F
P
G
A
de
v
i
c
e
w
i
th
th
e
he
l
p
of
th
e
V
eril
og
HD
L
l
a
ng
u
a
ge
tha
t
was
us
ed
i
n
the
em
b
ed
de
d
s
y
s
tem
c
on
v
erter
RS
2
32
c
on
ne
c
t
ed
to
th
e
US
B
.
A
l
s
o,
a
n
ei
gh
t
-
bi
t
U
A
R
T
m
od
u
l
e
de
s
i
g
n
whi
c
h
was
ba
s
e
d
on
the
V
eri
l
og
HDL
w
as
e
mp
l
oy
ed
i
n
[
19
]
.
S
uc
h
a
d
es
i
g
n
a
uto
ma
t
i
c
al
l
y
i
d
en
t
i
fi
ed
the
ad
dr
es
s
es
of
ev
ery
c
h
arac
ter.
T
h
e
au
th
ors
a
l
s
o
us
ed
a
V
L
S
I
de
s
i
gn
an
d
p
as
s
ed
th
e
da
ta
be
twe
en
t
he
i
r
propos
e
d
9
-
bi
t
U
A
RT
mo
du
l
es
wi
t
h
t
he
h
os
t
C
P
U.
T
hi
s
de
s
i
g
n
c
on
s
i
s
ted
of
the
tr
an
s
m
i
tt
er,
r
ec
ei
v
er,
P
r
es
c
al
er
mo
du
l
es
,
an
d
t
he
a
s
y
nc
hronou
s
F
IFO
s
.
In
an
o
the
r
s
tud
y
[20
]
,
the
r
es
ea
r
c
he
r
s
d
ev
el
op
e
d t
he
proc
es
s
for
s
oft
w
are i
m
pl
e
me
nt
at
i
on
of
th
e UA
RT
wi
th
th
e h
e
l
p
of
the
s
h
i
ft
r
eg
i
s
ter.
T
he
y
ai
me
d
to
o
bta
i
n
a
UA
RT
-
c
o
r
e
th
at
c
o
ul
d
be
us
ed
as
the
mo
du
l
e
for
i
mp
l
e
me
nt
i
n
g a
b
i
g s
y
s
tem
,
i
r
r
es
pe
c
ti
v
e o
f
the
ty
p
e o
f
i
mp
l
em
e
nta
t
i
o
n p
l
atf
or
m s
el
ec
ted
.
A
no
t
he
r
s
tud
y
us
ed
US
B
s
i
n
P
Cs
wi
th
ou
t
s
eria
l
i
nte
r
fac
es
[2
1].
T
he
a
uth
ors
i
mp
l
em
en
t
ed
a
un
i
v
ers
al
protoc
o
l
i
n
th
ei
r
Hardw
are Des
c
r
i
pti
on
La
n
gu
a
ge
(
HD
L)
for
th
e
ICs
,
wh
i
l
e
th
ey
us
ed
t
he
MA
T
L
A
B
progr
am
for
the
P
C.
T
h
ei
r
de
s
i
g
n
w
as
ea
s
i
l
y
ad
a
pta
b
l
e
to
th
e
s
tr
uc
ture
an
d
r
e
qu
i
r
em
en
ts
of
an
y
s
pe
c
i
fi
c
IC.
A
ut
ho
r
s
[2
2]
us
ed
th
e
de
s
i
gn
m
od
u
l
e f
or d
ev
el
o
pi
n
g a
6
0
-
G
b/s
no
nre
t
urnab
l
e
-
to
-
z
ero
tr
an
s
c
ei
v
er
h
av
i
ng
an
ad
ap
ti
v
e
e
qu
a
l
i
z
a
ti
o
n
a
nd
a
b
au
d
-
r
ate
C
l
oc
k
an
d
Da
ta
R
ec
ov
ery
(
CDR)
.
T
he
i
r
de
s
i
gn
em
p
l
oy
e
d
a
ful
l
eq
u
al
i
z
ati
on
fr
on
t
en
d
ha
v
i
ng
a
pe
r
-
pa
th
ad
a
pta
t
i
on
an
d
a
per
-
s
am
p
l
er
off
s
et
c
al
i
brat
i
o
n
w
hi
c
h
en
ab
l
ed
th
e
op
er
at
i
on
at
a
s
p
ee
d
of
60
-
G
b/s
ov
er
th
e
r
e
al
i
s
ti
c
c
ha
nn
e
l
s
.
I
n
[
23
],
th
e
r
es
e
arc
he
r
s
propos
ed
an
d
de
v
el
o
pe
d
a
c
os
t
-
eff
ec
ti
v
e
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
er
-
ba
s
ed
s
el
f
-
c
al
i
brat
i
on
s
y
s
tem
for
the
fr
eq
u
en
c
y
r
es
po
ns
e
an
d
IQ
ti
m
e
de
l
ay
,
wh
i
c
h
us
ed
on
l
y
the
l
ow
-
b
an
d
wi
dth
c
o
mp
o
ne
nts
.
T
he
fr
eq
u
en
c
y
r
es
po
ns
e
c
orr
ec
ti
on
a
nd
t
he
s
ub
-
ps
t
i
m
i
ng
c
orr
ec
ti
on
e
na
b
l
ed
the
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
i
o
n
of
4
00
G
E
,
66
G
ba
ud
DP
-
1
6Q
A
M
,
an
d
a
44
G
ba
ud
D
P
-
64
Q
A
M.
A
l
s
o,
a
r
ev
i
ew
of
t
he
r
ec
en
t
s
t
ud
i
es
i
n
the
fi
e
l
d
of
hi
gh
b
au
d
r
ate
s
i
gn
al
ge
ne
r
ati
on
or
de
tec
t
i
on
was
p
ub
l
i
s
h
ed
i
n
[24
].
T
he
au
t
ho
r
s
i
nv
es
ti
g
at
ed
t
he
v
ari
ou
s
a
dv
an
c
e
d
a
l
go
r
i
th
ms
th
at
wer
e
a
pp
l
i
e
d
at
the
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
r
a
nd
r
ec
ei
v
er
s
i
de
s
for
the
s
i
gn
al
pre
-
or
po
s
t
-
eq
ua
l
i
z
ati
on
an
d
c
om
pe
ns
ati
on
,
r
es
p
ec
ti
v
e
l
y
.
In
[2
5],
t
he
au
t
ho
r
s
pr
es
en
te
d
a
s
er
i
a
l
c
om
mu
n
i
c
ati
on
de
s
i
g
n
de
s
c
r
i
bi
ng
th
e
80
51
mi
c
r
oc
on
tr
ol
l
er
-
b
as
ed
s
y
s
tem
a
nd
the
P
C
i
nte
r
c
on
ne
c
ti
on
w
i
t
h
the
he
l
p
of
the
R
S
2
32
de
s
i
gn
r
ul
es
.
T
hi
s
s
tu
dy
a
l
s
o
pres
en
t
ed
a
s
oft
w
are
de
s
i
gn
for
eff
ec
t
i
v
e
da
ta
tr
an
s
mi
s
s
i
o
n b
etwe
en
t
he
s
y
s
tem
s
.
3.
Ha
r
d
w
ar
e
S
ys
t
em D
es
i
g
n
I
n
thi
s
s
ec
ti
on
,
a
ha
r
dw
are
s
i
mu
l
ati
on
w
i
l
l
be
i
mp
l
e
m
en
te
d
an
d
di
s
c
us
s
ed
.
T
r
an
s
mi
tte
r
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
er
c
i
r
c
ui
ts
ar
e
i
m
pl
e
me
nt
ed
an
d
s
i
mu
l
ate
d
b
y
us
i
ng
P
r
ote
us
s
i
mu
l
at
or
v
ers
i
on
8.1
s
i
nc
e
the
s
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
ts
are
bu
i
l
t
by
P
IC
1
6F87
7A
mi
c
r
oc
o
ntrol
l
er
c
hi
p.
O
n
e
16
F
87
7
A
c
h
i
p
i
s
us
ed
f
or
tr
an
s
mi
t
ter c
i
r
c
ui
t, a
nd
an
ot
he
r
on
e i
s
us
e
d f
or the
r
ec
e
i
v
er c
i
r
c
ui
t. A
no
i
s
e s
i
g
na
l
i
s
ge
ne
r
at
ed
by
a s
ep
arat
e
P
IC c
h
i
p.
T
he
d
es
c
r
i
pti
o
n o
f
the
who
l
e s
y
s
t
em
i
s
s
h
own
i
n F
i
gu
r
e
1
.
3.1
.
S
o
f
t
w
ar
e
S
y
stem
De
s
ign
T
he
s
oft
w
are
c
od
e
of
b
oth
t
r
an
s
mi
tt
e
r
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
er
s
y
s
tem
s
i
s
wr
i
t
ten
ba
s
ed
on
Mi
k
r
o
C
s
oft
war
e
pa
c
k
ag
e
v
ers
i
o
n
6.
1
a
nd
the
n
s
i
mu
l
at
ed
by
P
r
ot
eu
s
s
i
mu
l
ato
r
v
ers
i
on
8.1
.
T
he
fo
l
l
owi
ng
s
te
ps
of
t
he
a
l
go
r
i
thm
c
an
d
es
c
r
i
be
t
he
tr
an
s
mi
t
ter s
y
s
tem
a
l
g
orit
h
m:
−
Ini
t
i
a
l
i
z
e I
/O
po
r
ts
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
6
,
D
ec
em
b
er
20
19
:
27
5
5
-
2763
2758
−
Do
r
ec
urs
i
v
e l
oo
p
fo
r
s
en
di
ng
s
i
g
na
l
r
eg
ul
ar
l
y
.
−
B
eg
i
n
to
s
en
d d
ata
s
i
gn
a
l
a
fte
r
c
om
p
l
et
e a
uth
e
nti
c
a
ti
o
n wi
t
h
th
e
r
ec
e
i
v
er.
−
Repe
at
s
tep
3
u
nti
l
s
en
d
i
ng
al
l
da
ta
s
i
gn
a
l
.
−
E
nd
progr
a
m.
T
he
tr
an
s
mi
tt
er
a
l
go
r
i
th
m
i
s
i
mp
l
e
me
n
ted
by
the
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng
fl
owc
ha
r
t,
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
H
ardwar
e s
y
s
tem
de
s
i
g
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
S
en
di
ng
d
ata
v
i
a
v
i
r
tua
l
c
h
an
ne
l
wi
t
ho
u
t n
o
i
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
B
au
d
r
ate
v
aria
t
i
o
ns
ef
fec
t
on
v
i
r
tu
al
c
h
an
n
el
ba
s
ed
…
(
S
arma
d K
.
Ib
r
a
hi
m
)
2759
T
he
fo
l
l
owi
ng
s
te
ps
de
s
c
r
i
b
e t
he
ad
di
t
i
v
e wh
i
te
G
au
s
s
i
an
n
oi
s
e (
A
W
G
N)
al
g
orit
h
m
:
−
Ini
t
i
a
l
i
z
e I
/O
po
r
ts
−
Do rec
urs
i
v
e l
oo
p
to
s
e
nd
A
W
G
N
no
i
s
e i
n
a
r
a
nd
o
m
ma
nn
er.
−
Repe
at
s
tep
2
i
nf
i
ni
tel
y
.
T
he
A
W
G
N
no
i
s
e
al
go
r
i
thm
i
s
i
m
pl
em
e
nte
d b
y
th
e f
o
l
l
o
wi
ng
fl
owc
ha
r
t
,
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
Fig
ure
3.
T
he
fo
l
l
owi
ng
s
te
ps
de
s
c
r
i
b
e t
he
r
ec
ei
v
er s
y
s
tem
al
g
ori
thm
:
−
Ini
t
i
a
l
i
z
e I
/O
po
r
ts
−
P
r
ep
are
the
r
ec
urs
i
v
e l
oo
p
to
en
s
ure
th
a
t a
u
the
nti
c
a
ti
o
n f
r
om
t
he
r
ec
e
i
v
er i
s
do
n
e
r
eg
ul
arly
.
−
If t
he
r
e
i
s
n
o rec
ei
v
i
ng
da
t
a
, e
nd
th
e
progra
m,
el
s
e,
pri
nt
th
e rec
ei
v
i
ng
da
t
a.
−
E
nd
the
progr
a
m.
T
he
r
ec
e
i
v
er al
go
r
i
t
hm
i
s
i
mp
l
em
e
nte
d b
y
th
e f
o
l
l
ow
i
n
g f
l
owc
ha
r
t
,
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
Fi
gu
r
e
4.
F
i
gu
r
e
3.
S
en
di
ng
n
oi
s
e v
i
a
v
i
r
tua
l
c
ha
nn
e
l
F
i
gu
r
e
4.
R
ec
ei
v
i
ng
d
ata
v
i
a v
i
r
tua
l
c
ha
nn
e
l
w
i
th
ou
t
an
d w
i
th
no
i
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
6
,
D
ec
em
b
er
20
19
:
27
5
5
-
2763
2760
4.
S
i
mu
latio
n
Re
sult
s a
n
d
Disc
u
s
sion
In
ord
er
to
s
t
ud
y
th
e
e
ffe
c
ts
of
b
au
d
r
ate
v
ar
i
at
i
on
s
on
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
d
ata
s
i
gn
al
,
we
fi
x
ed
f
ou
r
ba
ud
r
at
e
v
al
u
es
,
i
.e
.
(
24
00
,
48
00
,
9
60
0
,
an
d
19
2
00
)
bp
s
at
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
r
s
y
s
tem
,
whi
l
e
the
b
au
d rat
e v
al
ue
s
of
t
he
r
ec
ei
v
er
are
v
arie
d i
n rang
e
(
10
00
t
o 3
5
00
0) b
ps
. A
t re
c
ei
v
er s
y
s
tem
,
the
err
or
r
ate
i
s
m
ea
s
ured
f
or
al
l
b
au
d
r
ate
v
al
ue
s
.
A
l
s
o
,
the
s
tud
y
i
s
do
ne
for
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
wi
th
a
nd
wi
th
ou
t e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
A
W
G
N no
i
s
e
s
i
gn
a
l
.
Cas
e
2
40
0
bps
:
I
n
th
i
s
c
as
e,
the
tr
an
s
m
i
tt
er
s
y
s
tem
i
s
fi
x
ed
at
24
0
0
bp
s
.
F
i
g
ure
5
s
ho
ws
tha
t
the
err
or
r
ate
h
as
z
ero
v
al
ue
s
aroun
d
ba
ud
r
ate
v
al
ue
(
24
00
b
ps
)
,
an
d
ha
s
n
on
-
z
e
r
o
v
al
ue
s
at
an
y
v
al
ue
of
b
a
ud
r
ate
ex
c
ep
t
(
2
40
0
b
ps
)
.
In
the
c
as
e
of
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
s
i
gn
al
w
i
th
ex
i
s
t
i
n
g
of
A
W
G
N
no
i
s
e,
th
e
err
or
r
ate
ha
s
a
m
i
ni
mu
m
v
al
u
e
at
the
v
a
l
ue
o
f
(
24
00
b
ps
)
am
on
g
a
l
l
v
al
u
es
of
ba
ud
r
at
e,
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
g
ure
5.
Cas
e
4
80
0
b
p
s
:
In
thi
s
c
as
e,
the
tr
an
s
mi
tt
er
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
fi
x
ed
at
4
80
0
bp
s
.
F
i
gu
r
e
6
s
ho
ws
tha
t
t
he
err
or
r
at
e
h
as
z
ero
v
al
ue
s
aroun
d
b
au
d
r
ate
v
a
l
u
e
(
4
80
0
bp
s
)
,
a
nd
ha
s
n
on
-
z
er
o
v
al
ue
s
at
an
y
v
a
l
u
e
of
b
au
d
r
a
te
ex
c
ep
t
(
48
00
bp
s
)
.
I
n
th
e
c
as
e
of
r
ec
ei
v
i
ng
s
i
gn
a
l
wi
t
h
ex
i
s
t
i
ng
o
f
A
W
G
N
no
i
s
e,
t
he
er
r
or
r
ate
h
as
a
mi
n
i
m
um
v
a
l
ue
at
t
he
v
a
l
ue
of
(
48
00
b
ps
)
am
on
g
al
l
v
a
l
ue
s
o
f b
a
ud
r
a
te,
as
s
ho
wn
i
n F
i
gu
r
e
6.
F
i
gu
r
e
5.
E
r
r
or r
ate
a
t (24
0
0 b
ps
)
F
i
gu
r
e
6.
E
r
r
or r
ate
a
t (48
0
0 b
ps
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
B
au
d
r
ate
v
aria
t
i
o
ns
ef
fec
t
on
v
i
r
tu
al
c
h
an
n
el
ba
s
ed
…
(
S
arma
d K
.
Ib
r
a
hi
m
)
2761
Cas
e 9
6
00
b
ps
:
In
t
hi
s
c
as
e,
the
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
r
s
y
s
tem
i
s
fi
x
ed
a
t 9
6
00
b
ps
. Fi
g
ure 7
s
ho
ws
tha
t
t
he
err
or
r
ate
ha
s
z
ero
v
al
ue
s
aroun
d
b
au
d
r
ate
v
a
l
ue
(
96
0
0
b
ps
)
,
an
d
h
as
no
n
-
z
ero
v
al
u
es
at
an
y
v
al
ue
of
ba
u
d
r
ate
ex
c
ep
t
(
96
0
0
bp
s
)
.
In
t
he
c
as
e
of
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
s
i
g
na
l
wi
t
h
ex
i
s
t
i
ng
of
A
W
G
N
no
i
s
e,
the
err
or
r
ate
ha
s
a
mi
n
i
m
um
v
a
l
ue
at
t
he
v
a
l
u
e
of
(
9
60
0
bp
s
)
am
on
g
a
l
l
v
al
ue
s
o
f
ba
ud
r
ate
, a
s
s
ho
wn
i
n F
i
gu
r
e
7.
Cas
e
1
92
0
0
b
ps
:
In
thi
s
c
as
e,
th
e
tr
a
ns
mi
tte
r
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
fi
x
ed
at
19
20
0
b
ps
.
F
i
gu
r
e
8
s
ho
ws
tha
t
the
err
or
r
ate
ha
s
z
ero
v
al
ue
s
aro
un
d
ba
u
d
r
ate
v
a
l
u
e
(
19
2
00
bp
s
)
,
an
d
ha
s
non
-
z
ero
v
al
ue
s
at
an
y
v
al
u
e
of
ba
u
d
r
ate
ex
c
ep
t
(
19
2
0
0
bp
s
)
.
In
the
c
as
e
o
f
r
ec
ei
v
i
ng
s
i
gn
a
l
wi
t
h
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
of
A
W
G
N
n
oi
s
e,
th
e
err
or
r
ate
ha
s
a
mi
ni
mu
m
v
al
ue
at
t
he
v
a
l
u
e
of
(
19
2
0
0
bp
s
)
a
mo
n
g
al
l
v
a
l
ue
s
o
f
ba
u
d
r
ate
,
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
g
ure
(
8).
A
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
th
e
fou
r
c
as
es
,
th
e
av
erage
err
or
r
ate
i
s
i
nc
r
ea
s
ed
as
i
nc
r
ea
s
i
ng
ba
ud
r
ate
v
al
ue
s
tha
t
f
i
x
ed
at
th
e
tr
an
s
mi
tte
r
.
S
i
n
c
e
the
av
erage
err
or r
ate
fo
r
c
as
e (19
20
0
b
ps
)
i
s
l
arger
t
ha
n t
he
av
e
r
a
ge
err
or r
ate
of
th
e c
as
e (9
60
0 b
ps
)
. A
l
s
o
,
the
av
era
ge
err
or
r
ate
f
or
c
as
e
(
96
00
b
ps
)
i
s
l
arger
tha
n
t
he
av
era
ge
err
or
r
at
e
of
the
c
as
e
(
48
00
bp
s
)
an
d
s
o
on
.
A
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
f
i
gu
r
es
,
the
err
or
r
ate
ha
s
a
wi
de
r
r
an
ge
o
f
z
ero
v
al
u
es
for
l
arger
b
au
d
r
ate
v
a
l
u
es
w
hi
c
h
fi
x
ed
a
t
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
r
.
T
hu
s
,
the
err
or
r
ate
f
or
c
as
e
(
19
2
00
b
ps
)
ha
s
a
wi
de
r
r
a
ng
e
of
z
ero
v
al
ue
s
t
ha
n
err
or
r
a
te
c
as
e
(
96
0
0
b
ps
)
.
A
l
s
o,
the
err
or
r
ate
for
c
as
e
(
96
00
bp
s
)
ha
s
a
wi
de
r
r
an
g
e
of
z
ero
v
a
l
u
es
tha
n
err
or
r
ate
c
as
e
(
4
80
0
bp
s
)
an
d
s
o
on
.
T
h
erefore,
the
c
as
e
(
24
0
0
bp
s
)
ha
s
a
na
r
r
ower
r
an
g
e
of
z
eros
v
al
ue
t
ha
n
ot
he
r
c
as
es
.
T
hu
s
,
s
i
mu
l
at
i
on
r
es
ul
ts
s
ho
w s
l
i
g
ht
err
or
i
n r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g s
i
g
na
l
fo
r
ba
u
d rat
e v
aria
t
i
o
ns
as
c
om
p
ared w
i
th
[
25
].
F
i
gu
r
e
7.
E
r
r
or r
ate
a
t
(
96
0
0 b
ps
)
F
i
gu
r
e
8.
E
r
r
or r
ate
a
t (19
2
00
b
ps
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
6
,
D
ec
em
b
er
20
19
:
27
5
5
-
2763
2762
5.
Co
n
clus
ion
s
A
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
r
s
y
s
tem
ba
s
e
d
–
P
IC
mi
c
r
oc
on
tr
o
l
l
er
i
s
i
m
pl
em
en
ted
an
d
s
i
mu
l
ate
d
i
n
P
r
ote
us
s
i
mu
l
ato
r
v
ers
i
o
n
8.1
.
T
he
s
y
s
tem
i
s
de
s
i
g
ne
d
an
d
t
e
s
ted
to
s
en
d
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
ata
s
i
g
na
l
s
at
di
ff
erent
v
a
l
u
es
of
ba
u
d
r
at
es
.
T
he
av
erag
e
err
or
r
at
e
i
s
i
nc
r
ea
s
ed
for
l
arg
er
v
al
u
e
s
of
ba
ud
r
ate
tha
t
i
s
fi
x
ed
a
t
tr
an
s
mi
t
ter
s
y
s
tem
an
d
v
i
c
e
v
e
r
s
a.
A
t
l
arger
v
al
ue
s
of
ba
ud
r
ate
,
the
err
or
r
ate
i
s
s
ti
l
l
c
o
nti
n
uo
us
to
z
ero
l
ev
el
s
for
n
ot
on
l
y
at
t
he
d
es
i
r
ed
b
au
d
r
a
te
v
al
u
e,
bu
t
i
t
ex
c
ee
ds
to
the
ad
j
ac
e
nt
v
a
l
ue
s
of
ba
ud
r
ate
,
wh
i
c
h
i
mp
r
ov
e
the
r
e
l
i
ab
i
l
i
ty
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k
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Ref
er
en
ce
s
[1]
P
M
u
k
h
e
rj
e
e
,
PA
Nag
e
s
wara
Rao
.
Au
t
o
m
a
ti
c
Ba
u
d
Rat
e
Det
e
c
t
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
Pro
g
ra
m
m
a
b
l
e
Sy
s
te
m
on
Chi
p
(PSo
C).
I
J
ECET
.
2
0
1
2
;
3
(2
):
1
3
0
-
140
.
[2]
P
Ke
d
i
a
,
NN
M
a
n
d
a
o
g
a
d
e
.
A
Rev
i
e
w
P
a
p
e
r
o
n
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
o
f
UAR
T
Co
n
tro
l
l
e
r
wi
th
Au
to
m
a
ti
c
Ba
u
d
Ra
te
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r
u
s
i
n
g
FP
G
.
In
te
rn
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ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
Res
e
a
rc
h
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n
Com
p
u
te
r
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c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
St
u
d
i
e
s
.
2
0
1
4
;
2
(
1
):
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8
0
-
283
.
[3]
L
i
a
k
o
t
Al
i
,
Ros
l
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n
a
S
i
d
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k
,
I
s
h
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k
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s
,
Al
a
u
d
d
i
n
M
o
h
d
.
Al
i
,
B
a
m
b
a
n
g
Su
n
a
ry
o
Su
p
a
rj
o
.
De
s
i
g
n
o
f
a
m
i
c
r
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UAR
T
fo
r So
C a
p
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
.
C
o
m
p
u
te
rs
a
n
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
.
2
0
0
4
;
3
0
(2
):
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–
2
6
8
.
[4]
HU
Hua
,
BAI
Fe
n
g
-
e
.
Des
i
g
n
a
n
d
Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
UAR
T
S
e
ri
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l
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o
m
m
u
n
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c
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t
i
o
n
M
o
d
u
l
e
Ba
s
e
d
o
n
Ve
ri
l
o
g
–
HD
L
[J
].
Com
p
u
t
e
r
a
n
d
M
o
d
e
rn
i
z
a
ti
o
n
.
2
0
0
8
:
8
.
[5]
A
Ka
u
r,
A
Ka
u
r
.
A
n
Ap
p
ro
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c
h
Fo
r
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g
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n
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r
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l
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e
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v
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Tra
n
s
m
i
tt
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r
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T).
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t
e
rn
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ti
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l
J
o
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rn
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l
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f
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g
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n
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r
c
h
a
n
d
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
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n
s
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J
ERA)
.
2
0
1
2
;
2
(
3
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3
0
5
-
2
3
1
1
.
[6]
R
K
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ra
wa
l
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V
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v
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j
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n
M
i
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ra
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g
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T
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o
c
e
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d
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1
3
IEEE
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n
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m
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n
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c
a
t
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o
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Te
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h
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o
g
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s
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CT 2
0
1
3
).
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d
i
a
.
2
0
1
3
:
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8
8
-
390.
[7]
N
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te
l
Va
ts
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l
k
u
m
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r
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te
l
,
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k
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s
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m
s
a
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h
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e
s
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a
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0
1
2
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5
0
-
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[8]
G
BW
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Ag
g
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rwal
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a
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rn
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t
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p
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m
p
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n
s
u
m
e
r a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
.
T
a
i
w
a
n
.
2
0
1
2
:
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-
3.
[9]
M
NAM
Al
i
a
s
,
SN
M
o
h
y
a
r,
M
N
I
s
a
,
A
Haru
n
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AB
J
a
m
b
e
k
,
S
A
Z
M
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ra
d
.
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g
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n
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n
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l
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l
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k
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c
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s
t
o
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i
z
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ro
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o
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tro
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l
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t
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d
o
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s
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a
n
J
o
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r
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l
o
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
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ri
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g
a
n
d
Com
p
u
te
r Sc
i
e
n
c
e
.
2
0
1
9
;
1
4
(
2
):
796
-
801.
[10]
P
G
u
p
ta
,
P
Cha
u
d
h
a
r
y
.
A
Rev
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e
w
Pa
p
e
r
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n
D
e
s
i
g
n
An
d
Si
m
u
l
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Uni
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l
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s
y
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c
h
ro
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o
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s
Rec
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v
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Tra
n
s
m
i
tt
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r
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n
Fi
e
l
d
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g
ra
m
m
a
b
l
e
G
a
te
Arra
y
Us
i
n
g
VHD
L
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I
n
te
rn
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ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
(I
J
ARSE)
.
2
0
1
4
;
3
(1
1
):
6
2
-
66.
[11]
P
Sh
ri
v
a
s
ta
v
a
,
S
Sh
a
rm
a
.
Des
i
g
n
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
l
a
ti
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n
o
f
1
6
Bi
t
UA
RT
Se
ri
a
l
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
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o
n
M
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s
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d
o
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t
e
rn
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t
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l
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o
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rn
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l
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e
rg
i
n
g
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c
h
n
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l
o
g
y
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n
d
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v
a
n
c
e
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
.
2
0
1
4
;
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(2
):
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-
78.
[12]
Am
a
n
p
r
e
e
t
Ka
u
r,
Am
a
n
d
e
e
p
Ka
u
r.
An
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
fo
r
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
n
g
a
u
n
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v
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r
s
a
l
a
s
y
n
c
h
ro
n
o
u
s
re
c
e
i
v
e
r
tra
n
s
m
i
tt
e
r
(UAR
T).
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t
e
rn
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t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
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n
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s
e
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
Ap
p
l
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c
a
ti
o
n
s
(IJ
E
RA).
2
0
1
2
;
2
(3
):
2
3
0
5
-
2
3
1
1
.
[13]
D
Ib
ra
h
i
m
.
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
PIC
M
i
c
r
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c
o
n
tro
l
l
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r
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j
e
c
ts
i
n
C
.
fro
m
USB
to
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wit
h
th
e
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1
8
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Se
ri
e
s
.
Newn
e
s
.
2
0
1
1
.
[14]
HM
Ha
th
a
l
,
RA
Ab
d
u
l
h
u
s
s
e
i
n
,
SK
Ib
ra
h
i
m
.
L
y
a
p
u
n
o
v
E
x
p
o
n
e
n
t
Te
s
ti
n
g
f
o
r A
WGN
Gen
e
ra
t
o
r Sy
s
te
m
.
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Ne
two
r
k
.
2
0
1
4
;
6
(4
)
:
201
-
208
.
[15]
F
Yi
-
y
u
a
n
,
C
Xu
e
-
j
u
n
.
Des
i
g
n
a
n
d
Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
UAR
T
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ri
a
l
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
M
o
d
u
l
e
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
VHD
L
.
3
rd
I
n
t
e
rn
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t
i
o
n
a
l
W
o
rk
s
h
o
p
o
n
I
n
te
l
l
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g
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n
t
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y
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t
e
m
s
a
n
d
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
Ch
i
n
a
.
2
0
1
1
:
1
-
4
.
[16]
S
Y
u
,
L
Yi
,
W
Che
n
,
a
n
d
Z
W
e
n
.
Im
p
l
e
m
e
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o
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o
f
a
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u
l
ti
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c
h
a
n
n
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l
UAR
T
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tro
l
l
e
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a
s
e
d
o
n
FI
F
O
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c
h
n
i
q
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a
n
d
FPGA
.
Se
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o
n
d
IEEE
Con
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
d
u
s
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ri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
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p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
Chi
n
a
.
2
0
0
7
:
2
6
3
3
-
2
6
3
8
.
[17]
B M
a
h
u
re
a
n
d
R
T
a
n
war.
UAR
T
wit
h
Au
to
m
a
ti
c
Ba
u
d
Ra
te
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e
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t
o
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n
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re
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o
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fo
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s
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.
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0
1
2
;
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6
5
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[18]
N
F
J
u
s
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,
A.
I
b
ra
h
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M
A.
H
a
ro
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.
IEEE
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[19]
NF
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[20]
B
Roy
.
Pl
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fo
rm
-
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p
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d
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Cus
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2
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9
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[21]
J
H
M
u
e
l
l
e
r,
M
HN
M
o
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h
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d
d
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[23]
CRS
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