T
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L
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elec
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ica
t
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n,
Co
m
pu
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ing
,
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
79
~
88
I
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vir
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idu
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Lab
wo
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c
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it
ies
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re
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rts
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ra
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ts
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a
v
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it
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se
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n
d
ti
m
e
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p
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o
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p
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ter
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rk
to
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ls.
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is
stu
d
y
p
r
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p
o
se
s
a
v
irt
u
a
l
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li
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a
p
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li
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se
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p
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wo
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f
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p
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ter
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r
k
s
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h
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t
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ts
m
a
y
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n
d
u
c
t
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wo
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c
ti
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ies
b
y
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e
m
se
lv
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s
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t
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e
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e
m
e
th
o
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se
d
in
th
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y
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a
m
u
lt
ime
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ia
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e
v
e
l
o
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m
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t
li
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l
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DLC)
th
a
t
c
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fiv
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a
g
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s,
th
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y
a
re
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e
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t,
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teria
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ll
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g
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ss
e
m
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ly
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a
n
d
tes
ti
n
g
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e
v
a
lu
a
ti
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n
.
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fo
rm
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ti
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rried
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t
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y
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n
v
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lv
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n
g
two
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x
p
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rts,
n
a
m
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ly
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ftwa
re
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p
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m
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teria
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to
m
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a
su
re
th
e
fe
a
sib
il
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y
o
f
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
b
e
fo
re
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
u
se
r
tes
ti
n
g
.
M
e
a
n
wh
i
le,
a
su
m
m
a
ti
v
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
u
se
d
t
o
e
v
a
lu
a
te
th
e
VR
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
b
y
in
v
o
l
v
i
n
g
2
5
st
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d
e
n
ts
wh
o
we
re
tak
i
n
g
th
e
c
o
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rse
o
f
c
o
m
p
u
ter
n
e
two
rk
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n
g
.
S
tatist
ica
l
a
n
a
ly
sis
sh
o
ws
th
a
t
t
h
e
sc
o
re
o
f
Cro
n
b
a
c
h
'
s
a
lp
h
a
tes
t
is
h
ig
h
e
r
th
a
n
0
.
6
fo
r
a
sp
e
c
ts
o
f
m
a
teria
l
su
b
jec
t
a
n
d
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
.
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n
c
e
,
th
e
VR
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
c
a
n
b
e
u
se
d
to
s
u
p
p
o
rt
th
e
lab
w
o
rk
a
c
ti
v
it
ies
o
f
a
c
o
m
p
u
ter n
e
tw
o
rk
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
3
D
s
im
u
latio
n
C
o
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
L
ab
wo
r
k
a
ctiv
ities
Netwo
r
k
d
ev
ices
Vir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
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th
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CC B
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SA
li
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se
.
C
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r
r
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s
p
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A
uth
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r
:
Su
k
ir
m
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Dep
ar
tm
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t o
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n
f
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r
m
atics E
n
g
in
ee
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in
g
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Un
iv
er
s
itas
Mu
h
am
m
ad
iy
ah
Su
r
ak
ar
ta
A.
Yan
i
Pab
elan
St.
,
Kar
tasu
r
a,
Su
r
ak
ar
ta,
5
7
1
6
2
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail:
s
u
k
ir
m
an
@
u
m
s
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
C
o
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
is
a
s
u
b
ject
m
atter
th
at
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
tau
g
h
t
in
g
r
ad
e
X
(
ten
)
o
f
SMK
Mu
h
am
m
ad
iy
a
h
1
Go
n
d
an
g
r
ejo
,
Kar
an
g
an
y
ar
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
an
d
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
b
o
o
k
u
s
ed
,
th
is
s
u
b
je
ct
d
is
cu
s
s
es
ab
o
u
t
co
n
ce
p
ts
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
n
etwo
r
k
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
,
n
etwo
r
k
m
e
d
iu
m
,
n
etwo
r
k
p
r
o
to
co
l,
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l,
n
etwo
r
k
h
a
r
d
war
e,
n
etwo
r
k
o
p
er
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
s
im
p
le
n
etwo
r
k
[
1
]
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
h
ar
d
war
e
s
ec
tio
n
is
talk
in
g
a
b
o
u
t v
ar
io
u
s
n
etwo
r
k
to
o
ls
s
u
ch
as
r
o
u
ter
,
u
n
s
h
ield
e
d
twis
ted
p
air
(
UT
P
)
ca
b
le,
m
o
d
em
,
r
e
p
ea
ter
,
s
witch
,
b
r
id
g
e
,
h
u
b
,
a
n
d
n
etwo
r
k
in
ter
f
ac
e
ca
r
d
(
NI
C
)
.
T
h
ese
ar
e
ess
en
tial
s
in
ce
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
s
o
th
at
th
ey
ca
n
lear
n
th
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
c
o
n
ce
p
t o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
2
]
.
T
h
is
v
o
ca
tio
n
al
m
id
d
le
s
ch
o
o
l
im
p
lem
en
ted
th
e
s
u
b
ject
s
in
ce
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e
s
(
L
O)
is
en
ab
lin
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
in
co
m
p
u
te
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
W
h
er
ea
s
,
th
e
in
te
n
d
ed
lea
r
n
in
g
g
o
als
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
ef
f
e
ctiv
en
ess
o
f
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
will
lead
to
th
e
ce
r
tain
L
O
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
L
O
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
in
th
e
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
d
o
cu
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
a
n
d
s
tat
ed
th
at
th
e
s
u
b
ject
is
a
b
asic
g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
to
th
e
n
ex
t
lev
el.
On
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
L
O
is
b
y
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
lab
wo
r
k
ac
tiv
ities
[
4
]
,
s
u
ch
as
cu
ttin
g
n
etwo
r
k
ca
b
les,
cr
im
p
in
g
to
R
J
-
4
5
c
o
n
n
ec
to
r
s
,
c
o
n
n
ec
tin
g
n
etwo
r
k
ca
b
le
to
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
,
s
witch
,
h
u
b
,
r
e
p
ea
ter
,
m
o
d
em
,
an
d
r
o
u
ter
,
as
well
as testi
n
g
its
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
.
Var
io
u
s
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
79
-
88
80
th
e
g
o
als,
s
u
ch
as
r
ef
er
en
ce
b
o
o
k
s
,
tu
to
r
ial
v
id
e
o
s
,
ar
ticles
o
n
th
e
i
n
ter
n
et,
o
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
le
ctu
r
es
d
eliv
er
ed
b
y
teac
h
er
s
at
s
ch
o
o
l.
Mo
r
eo
v
e
r
,
u
s
in
g
r
ea
l
d
ev
ices
o
r
em
b
o
d
ied
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
v
id
e
o
lectu
r
e
s
(
E
I
VL
)
m
ay
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
etter
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
m
em
o
r
y
o
f
s
tu
d
y
i
n
g
co
n
ten
t
[
5
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
h
o
wev
er
,
s
ev
er
al
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
ey
h
av
e
lim
ited
tim
e
to
u
s
e
an
d
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
d
ev
ices m
o
r
e
d
etai
ls
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
ac
tiv
ities
ar
e
b
o
u
n
d
ed
to
o
th
er
s
u
b
jects.
B
esid
es,
th
e
to
o
ls
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
d
e
v
ices
ar
e
also
h
a
v
e
lim
ited
n
u
m
b
er
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
s
p
en
t
co
s
t
f
o
r
b
u
y
i
n
g
in
a
lar
g
e
q
u
a
n
tity
is
q
u
ite
ex
p
en
s
iv
e.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
an
o
t
h
er
p
r
o
m
in
en
t
p
r
o
b
lem
is
s
ev
er
al
d
ev
ices
ar
e
n
o
t
r
eu
s
ab
le
s
o
th
at
th
e
to
o
ls
will
b
e
d
is
ca
r
d
ed
d
u
e
to
th
ey
ca
n
n
o
t b
e
u
s
ed
a
n
y
m
o
r
e.
Du
e
to
th
e
s
tat
ed
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
it
is
n
ee
d
ed
a
m
ed
ia
t
h
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
d
o
lab
wo
r
k
ac
tiv
ities
an
d
r
eu
s
ab
le
f
o
r
a
n
y
tim
e,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
la
b
wo
r
k
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
s
ar
e
th
e
h
ea
r
t
o
f
s
cien
ce
lear
n
in
g
[
6
]
.
On
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
r
eso
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
is
v
ir
t
u
al
r
ea
lity
(
VR
)
,
wh
ich
is
th
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
an
d
its
o
b
jects
ca
n
b
e
s
y
n
th
esized
b
y
co
m
p
u
ter
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
VR
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
s
im
u
late
th
r
ee
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
al
(
3
D)
v
ir
tu
al
o
b
jects
[
8
]
o
r
u
s
er
s
’
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
esen
ce
t
h
at
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
r
ea
l
d
e
v
ices
[
9
]
.
VR
also
o
f
f
er
s
r
ep
licatio
n
o
f
r
ea
l
-
life
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
th
at
en
a
b
les
u
s
er
s
to
th
r
iv
e
with
in
[
1
0
]
an
d
in
ter
c
o
m
m
u
n
icate
with
it
wh
ile
u
s
in
g
a
h
ea
d
-
m
o
u
n
ted
d
is
p
lay
(
HM
D)
[
7
,
1
1
]
.
B
y
u
tili
ze
s
its
f
ea
tu
r
es,
VR
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
a
n
y
r
es
ea
r
ch
es
s
u
ch
as
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
ir
e
s
af
ety
b
e
h
av
io
r
al
s
k
ills
[
1
2
]
,
f
o
s
ter
in
g
o
r
al
p
r
esen
tatio
n
[
1
3
]
,
r
eso
lv
e
s
tr
ess
d
is
o
r
d
er
o
f
p
o
s
t
-
tr
au
m
atic
[
1
4
]
,
wh
ee
lch
air
s
im
u
lato
r
[
1
5
,
1
6
]
,
u
n
til
ea
r
th
q
u
a
k
e
s
af
ety
tr
ain
in
g
[
1
7
,
1
8
]
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
es,
[
1
9
]
s
tated
tah
et
VR
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es,
n
am
ely
:
1
)
t
o
p
r
e
s
en
t
a
s
tate
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
i
n
a
p
ar
ticu
la
r
f
i
eld
o
f
s
cien
ce
,
th
e
o
r
etica
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e,
ter
m
in
o
lo
g
y
,
f
ac
ts
,
r
u
les
o
r
s
cien
tific
th
eo
r
ies;
2
)
to
teac
h
p
r
ac
tical
s
k
ills
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ly
ac
q
u
ir
ed
k
n
o
wled
g
e;
an
d
3
)
t
o
teac
h
h
o
w
to
u
s
e
ac
q
u
ir
ed
k
n
o
wled
g
e
wh
en
f
ac
ed
with
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
ad
o
p
te
d
th
at
b
y
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
a
VR
ap
p
licatio
n
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t la
b
w
o
r
k
ac
tiv
ities
as th
e
VR
h
as e
f
f
ec
t to
L
O
[
2
0
]
a
n
d
m
ay
en
g
a
g
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
lea
r
n
in
g
[
2
1
]
.
Prio
r
s
tu
d
y
ab
o
u
t
elec
tr
o
n
ic
la
b
o
r
ato
r
y
r
elate
d
to
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
s
h
as
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
,
b
u
t
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
web
a
p
p
licatio
n
[
2
2
]
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
p
r
esen
ted
d
ev
ice
o
b
jects
ar
e
n
o
t
in
th
e
3
D
s
h
ap
e.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
v
ir
tu
al
r
ea
lity
(
VR
)
ap
p
licatio
n
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
lab
w
o
r
k
ac
tiv
i
ties
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
t
h
at
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
r
eu
s
e
an
d
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
ev
ices
in
a
3
D
v
ir
tu
al
f
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
m
ay
also
s
im
u
late
co
m
p
u
t
er
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
a
n
d
p
u
t
u
s
er
s
to
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
(
VE
)
th
at
s
ee
m
to
p
er
c
eiv
e
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
r
ea
l
wo
r
ld
.
T
h
e
VE
is
d
esig
n
ed
id
en
tical
to
th
e
r
ea
l
lab
th
at
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
m
an
y
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
u
s
er
s
m
ay
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
ac
tiv
ities
lik
e
p
r
ac
ticu
m
in
th
e
r
ea
l w
o
r
l
d
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
esig
n
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
r
esear
ch
(
DDR)
in
s
p
ir
ed
b
y
[
2
3
]
b
u
t
in
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
DDR
is
d
ef
in
ed
as
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
s
tu
d
y
o
f
d
esig
n
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
with
t
h
e
aim
o
f
estab
lis
h
in
g
an
em
p
ir
ical
b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
an
d
non
-
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
p
r
o
d
u
cts
an
d
to
o
ls
an
d
n
ew
o
r
en
h
an
ce
d
m
o
d
els
th
at
g
o
v
er
n
th
eir
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
[
2
4
,
25]
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
d
iv
id
e
d
in
to
two
m
ain
ty
p
es,
th
e
y
a
r
e
1
)
r
esear
c
h
o
n
p
r
o
d
u
cts an
d
to
o
ls
,
a
n
d
2
)
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
o
n
d
esig
n
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
ty
p
e
p
er
tain
s
to
th
e
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
d
esig
n
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cts
an
d
to
o
ls
,
wh
ile
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ty
p
e
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
th
e
d
esig
n
a
n
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
m
s
elv
es,
r
ath
er
th
a
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atio
n
.
T
h
is
p
r
ese
n
t st
u
d
y
ap
p
lied
th
e
f
ir
s
t ty
p
e
b
ec
a
u
s
e
r
eq
u
ir
es
to
c
r
ea
te
a
p
r
o
d
u
c
t o
f
VR
ap
p
licatio
n
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as a
to
o
l f
o
r
le
ar
n
in
g
lik
e
la
b
wo
r
k
ac
tiv
ities
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
u
s
ed
is
th
e
m
u
ltime
d
ia
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
life
cy
cle
(
MD
L
C
)
ad
o
p
ted
f
r
o
m
L
u
t
h
er
[
2
6
]
th
at
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
ix
s
tag
es,
b
u
t
th
e
last
s
tag
e,
n
am
ely
“d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
”
s
tag
e
was
o
m
itted
.
T
h
e
p
r
es
en
t
s
tu
d
y
o
n
ly
u
s
es
f
iv
e
s
tag
es
an
d
m
o
d
if
ied
th
e
f
i
f
th
s
tag
e
b
y
ad
d
in
g
ev
al
u
atio
n
.
T
h
e
MD
L
C
m
o
d
el
ch
o
s
en
as
an
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
s
in
ce
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
co
n
tain
s
m
u
ltime
d
ia
ar
tifa
cts
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
an
a
p
p
l
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
b
-
s
ec
tio
n
ex
p
lain
s
m
o
r
e
d
etails th
e
s
tag
es.
2
.
1
.
M
DL
C
Sta
g
es
Fig
u
r
e
1
d
ep
icts
th
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
th
at
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
ey
ar
e
1
)
c
o
n
ce
p
t,
2
)
d
esig
n
,
3
)
m
ater
ial
co
llectin
g
,
4
)
ass
em
b
ly
,
an
d
5
)
test
in
g
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Deta
il
ex
p
lan
atio
n
o
f
ea
ch
s
tag
e
is
d
e
s
cr
ib
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws
:
2
.
1
.
1
.
Co
ncept
C
o
n
ce
p
t
is
an
in
itial
s
tag
e
th
a
t
aim
s
to
p
r
ep
ar
e
th
e
r
esear
ch
.
R
ev
iewin
g
liter
atu
r
e
in
clu
d
e
s
in
to
th
is
s
tag
e
s
in
ce
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
h
e
r
e.
So
u
r
ce
s
o
f
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
v
iew
ca
m
e
f
r
o
m
ar
ticles
o
f
jo
u
r
n
als,
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
s
,
an
d
a
n
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
r
elate
d
to
t
h
e
to
p
ics
o
f
s
tu
d
y
.
B
esid
es,
cu
r
r
icu
l
u
m
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
u
b
ject
m
atter
o
f
c
o
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
ar
e
also
r
ev
iewe
d
to
g
u
i
d
e
in
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
t
h
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
c
o
n
ten
ts
.
T
h
is
is
v
er
y
h
elp
f
u
l
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
r
es
ea
r
ch
p
r
o
b
lem
s
s
o
th
at
it
m
ak
es
ea
s
ier
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
en
,
id
en
tif
y
u
s
er
s
an
d
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
wh
o
ca
n
b
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
am
p
le.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
t
h
at
em
e
r
g
ed
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
tag
e
u
s
ed
as a
b
asic g
r
o
u
n
d
ed
to
co
n
tin
u
e
to
th
e
n
ex
t stag
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
La
b
w
o
r
k
a
ctivities o
f c
o
mp
u
ter n
etw
o
r
k
u
s
in
g
virt
u
a
l rea
lit
y
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
(
S
u
kirma
n
)
81
An
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
th
in
g
in
t
h
is
s
tag
e
is
m
ak
in
g
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
th
at
h
elp
s
to
o
r
g
an
ize
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
in
ce
it
h
as
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tical
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
illu
s
tr
ates
wh
at
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
th
at
will
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
esear
ch
r
elate
d
v
ar
iab
les
an
d
its
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
a
tes
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
L
ab
wo
r
k
ac
ti
v
ities
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
ar
e
c
o
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
r
o
m
two
v
ar
iab
les,
th
ey
ar
e
m
ater
ial
s
u
b
ject
an
d
n
ew
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
.
T
h
e
Ma
ter
ial
s
u
b
ject
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
an
d
s
im
u
latio
n
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
r
elate
d
to
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etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
n
ew
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
v
ar
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le
p
e
r
tain
s
to
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er
s
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ce
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tio
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wh
ile
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s
in
g
t
h
e
a
p
p
licatio
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,
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a
m
ely
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r
e,
an
d
attr
ac
tiv
e
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ess
.
Hen
ce
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two
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y
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o
th
eses
ar
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
f
ir
s
t
h
y
p
o
th
esis
(
H1
)
:
T
h
e
m
ater
ial
s
u
b
ject
th
at
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
s
im
u
latio
n
h
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
lab
wo
r
k
ac
tiv
ities
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
;
w
h
ile
s
ec
o
n
d
h
y
p
o
th
esis
(
H2
)
:
Ne
w
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ee
lin
g
o
f
p
leasu
r
e
an
d
in
ter
esti
n
g
in
u
s
in
g
VR
ap
p
licatio
n
h
as
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t
to
th
e
lab
wo
r
k
ac
ti
v
ities
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
d
esig
n
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
2
.
1
.
2
.
Desig
n
Desig
n
is
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
tag
e
to
m
o
d
el
o
u
t
th
e
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
VR
ap
p
licatio
n
th
at
will
b
e
cr
ea
ted
lik
e
s
ce
n
e
m
en
u
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
an
d
ac
tiv
ity
d
iag
r
am
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tag
e,
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
ap
p
licatio
n
co
n
tain
s
two
n
o
tab
le
s
ce
n
es,
n
am
ely
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
zo
n
e
s
ce
n
e,
an
d
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
zo
n
e
s
ce
n
e,
co
m
p
leted
with
ab
o
u
t
s
ce
n
e.
All
th
e
s
ce
n
es
d
is
p
lay
ed
at
th
e
m
ain
m
e
n
u
s
ce
n
e
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
u
s
er
s
m
a
y
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
s
ce
n
e
in
clu
d
es
an
e
x
it
o
p
tio
n
.
T
o
aid
u
s
er
s
wh
ile
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
m
ak
es
u
s
er
f
r
ien
d
l
y
,
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
b
o
th
n
o
tab
le
s
ce
n
e
s
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
u
s
er
s
f
ee
l c
o
m
f
o
r
tab
le
to
o
p
er
a
te
an
d
m
in
im
izin
g
co
n
f
u
s
io
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
d
esig
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
n
av
ig
atio
n
m
e
n
u
to
m
ap
p
in
g
th
e
s
ce
n
es
th
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
in
th
e
n
ex
t
s
tag
e.
T
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
zo
n
e
s
ce
n
e
p
r
esen
ts
an
ex
p
lan
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
b
asic
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
an
d
its
f
u
n
cti
o
n
,
w
h
ile
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
zo
n
e
s
ce
n
e
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
in
ter
ac
t
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
a
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
a
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
a
b
o
u
t m
e
n
u
d
escr
ib
es in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
ab
o
u
t h
o
w
t
o
u
s
e
th
e
a
p
p
lic
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Desig
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
n
av
ig
atio
n
m
e
n
u
2
.
1
.
3
.
M
a
t
er
ia
l
co
llect
ing
Ma
ter
ial
co
llectin
g
is
a
s
tag
e
to
g
at
h
er
m
ater
ial
o
b
jects
o
r
ar
tifa
cts
th
at
will
b
e
u
s
ed
to
d
ev
el
o
p
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
u
ch
as
im
ag
es
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ice
s
,
im
ag
es
f
o
r
ico
n
an
d
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
a
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e,
an
d
s
o
u
n
d
s
f
o
r
b
ac
k
s
o
u
n
d
o
r
s
o
u
n
d
ef
f
ec
t
t
o
m
ak
e
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
p
er
ce
i
v
ed
m
o
r
e
r
ea
l.
T
h
e
m
ater
ials
ar
e
co
llected
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
ter
n
et
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
an
y
f
r
e
e
o
f
ch
a
r
g
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
2
.
1
.
4
.
Ass
em
bly
Ass
em
b
ly
,
is
s
tag
e
to
s
tar
t
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Pro
g
r
am
m
in
g
s
k
i
lls
ar
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
h
er
e
to
m
ak
e
a
p
r
o
g
r
am
b
y
co
d
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
s
cr
atch
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
l
an
g
u
ag
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
t
h
e
co
d
in
g
is
C
#
.
Sev
er
al
co
d
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
79
-
88
82
ar
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
Go
o
g
le
VR
p
lu
g
in
,
b
u
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
er
s
ar
e
allo
wed
to
ad
d
o
r
m
o
d
if
y
s
o
u
r
ce
co
d
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
n
ee
d
o
f
th
e
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
p
lay
s
o
u
n
d
s
,
p
ick
u
p
a
n
d
m
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
o
b
jects,
as
well
as
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
m
e
n
u
ac
tio
n
s
.
B
esid
es
co
d
in
g
,
m
ater
ial
o
b
jects
th
at
co
llected
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
s
tag
e
ar
e
ass
e
m
b
led
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
ap
p
licatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
,
lik
e
co
m
p
o
s
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e,
in
s
er
t
s
u
b
ject
m
atter
s
f
o
r
l
ea
r
n
in
g
,
d
e
b
u
g
g
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
,
a
n
d
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
p
r
ev
iew
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
is
r
u
n
n
in
g
well.
T
h
is
s
tag
e
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ev
er
e
o
n
e
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
e
n
er
g
y
f
o
r
co
d
in
g
a
n
d
tim
e
s
p
en
t
o
n
th
i
n
k
in
g
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
s
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
d
e
b
u
g
g
in
g
a
n
d
p
r
ev
iew
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
iter
ativ
e
ly
to
test
an
d
o
b
tain
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
is
ex
p
o
r
ted
to
th
e
An
d
r
o
i
d
p
ac
k
a
g
e
f
ile
an
d
in
s
talled
o
n
th
e
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e.
I
n
th
is
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
,
all
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
a
r
e
test
ed
in
clu
d
e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
I
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
r
ep
air
,
f
o
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
o
n
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
n
o
t
r
u
n
n
in
g
a
s
ex
p
ec
ted
,
th
u
s
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
e
v
is
ed
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
c
o
n
d
u
cted
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
well.
2
.
1
.
5
.
T
e
s
t
ing
a
nd
ev
a
lua
t
io
n
Stag
e
o
f
test
in
g
an
d
e
v
alu
atio
n
is
th
e
last
p
h
ase
o
f
th
is
r
es
ea
r
ch
.
T
h
is
s
tag
e
c
o
n
d
u
cted
t
o
f
in
d
o
u
t
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
wh
eth
er
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
is
q
u
i
te
u
s
ab
le
o
r
v
ice
v
er
s
a.
T
h
e
te
s
tin
g
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
t
o
th
e
u
s
er
s
,
th
ey
a
r
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
SMK
Mu
h
am
m
ad
iy
ah
1
Go
n
d
an
g
r
ejo
as
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
at
o
n
c
e
.
Ho
wev
er
,
b
ef
o
r
e
test
ed
to
th
e
u
s
er
s
,
s
ev
er
al
e
x
p
er
ts
ar
e
in
v
o
lv
e
d
to
r
ev
iew
a
n
d
tr
y
th
e
f
in
al
VR
ap
p
licatio
n
,
s
o
t
h
at
o
b
tain
in
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
.
T
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
en
ts
g
ath
er
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
e
x
p
e
r
ts
ar
e
v
er
y
u
s
ef
u
l
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
,
b
u
t
n
o
t a
ll su
g
g
esti
o
n
s
ar
e
r
ea
lize
d
d
u
e
to
th
e
av
ailab
le
L
O
at
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
two
ev
alu
atio
n
ty
p
es a
r
e
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tag
e,
n
a
m
ely
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
an
d
s
u
m
m
ativ
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
p
r
elim
in
ar
y
test
s
b
ef
o
r
e
u
s
er
s
test
in
g
,
wh
ile
s
u
m
m
ativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
u
s
ed
to
ass
es
th
e
u
s
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
I
n
th
e
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
ev
alu
atio
n
,
a
b
eta
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
is
u
s
ed
,
wh
ile
th
e
f
in
al
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
u
m
m
ativ
e
ev
alu
at
io
n
.
2
.
2
.
P
a
rt
icipa
nts
Par
ticip
an
ts
wh
o
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
ex
p
e
r
ts
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
T
wo
ex
p
er
ts
wer
e
in
v
o
lv
e
d
to
ju
d
g
e
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
On
e
ex
p
e
r
t
ass
ess
e
s
all
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
,
wh
ile
o
th
er
ass
es
s
es
p
r
esen
ted
m
ater
ials
wh
eth
er
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
th
e
L
O
o
r
v
ice
v
er
s
a.
On
e
e
x
p
er
t h
as
h
a
d
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
in
s
o
f
twar
e
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
th
an
f
iv
e
y
ea
r
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
o
th
er
o
n
e
h
as
tau
g
h
t
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
th
an
f
iv
e
y
ea
r
s
as
well.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
all
o
f
th
e
ex
p
e
r
ts
ar
e
co
m
p
eten
ce
an
d
q
u
alif
ied
t
o
ju
d
g
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th
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ap
p
licatio
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o
r
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test
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.
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th
e
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d
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SMK
Mu
h
am
m
ad
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y
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1
Go
n
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g
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ejo
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Kar
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y
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n
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t
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h
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ch
o
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s
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ce
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ey
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s
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tak
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r
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o
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at
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ey
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ay
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p
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p
r
iate
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b
ac
k
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eth
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th
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ap
p
licatio
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is
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itab
le
to
u
s
e
o
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o
t.
T
h
o
s
e
wh
o
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
th
e
test
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g
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e
2
5
p
er
s
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n
s
(
4
4
%
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ale
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%
f
em
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with
th
e
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er
ag
e
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g
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etwe
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1
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1
6
,
wh
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ly
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h
as th
e
e
x
p
er
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ce
to
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s
e
V
R
ap
p
licatio
n
.
2
.
3
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
s
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
u
s
ed
to
co
llect
d
ata
ar
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es,
b
o
th
i
n
f
o
r
m
ativ
e
an
d
s
u
m
m
ativ
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
c
o
n
s
is
t
o
f
t
h
r
ee
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
ty
p
es,
th
ey
ar
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
f
o
r
s
o
f
twar
e
e
x
p
e
r
t,
m
ater
ials
ex
p
er
t,
an
d
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
a
b
le
1
s
h
o
ws
q
u
esti
o
n
lis
ts
th
at
u
s
ed
t
o
ass
ess
th
e
VR
ap
p
licatio
n
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
lab
wo
r
k
ac
tiv
ities
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
n
am
ely
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e,
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
,
an
d
au
d
io
.
T
a
b
le
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
lis
ts
to
ass
es
th
e
m
ater
ial
s
u
b
jects
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
r
elate
d
to
co
m
p
u
te
r
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices
in
clu
d
in
g
m
ater
ial
co
n
ten
ts
a
n
d
lea
r
n
in
g
o
b
jectiv
es
p
r
o
v
id
ed
in
th
e
VR
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
ese
q
u
esti
o
n
s
u
s
ed
to
m
ak
e
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
o
v
er
all
p
r
esen
ted
m
ate
r
ials
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
th
e
b
asic c
o
m
p
ete
n
cies o
f
c
o
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices th
at
tau
g
h
t in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l.
T
ab
le
1
.
Qu
esti
o
n
n
air
e
f
o
r
s
o
f
twar
e
ex
p
er
t
N
o
.
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
s
A
.
U
ser
I
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
1.
D
i
sp
l
a
y
me
n
u
s
a
r
e
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
g
2.
A
l
l
b
u
t
t
o
n
s
a
n
d
i
t
s
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
sy
s
t
e
m
a
r
e
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
w
e
l
l
3.
Th
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
s
y
st
e
m
o
f
t
h
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
s ru
n
n
i
n
g
w
e
l
l
B
.
V
i
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
4.
A
l
l
3
D
o
b
j
e
c
t
s (
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
,
t
a
b
l
e
s,
a
n
d
c
h
a
i
r
s)
a
r
e
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
e
d
w
e
l
l
5.
P
r
e
sen
t
e
d
t
e
x
t
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
i
s se
e
n
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
6.
C
o
l
o
r
c
o
mb
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
3
D
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
o
f
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
a
n
d
t
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e
i
r
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n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
a
r
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i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
g
7.
3
D
o
b
j
e
c
t
s m
o
d
e
l
a
r
e
a
l
m
o
st
si
m
i
l
a
r
t
o
t
h
e
r
e
a
l
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
C
.
A
u
d
i
o
8.
Th
e
b
a
c
k
s
o
u
n
d
u
se
d
i
s
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
9.
P
r
e
sen
t
e
d
v
o
i
c
e
e
x
p
l
a
n
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
s
o
u
n
d
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
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t E
l Co
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tr
o
l
La
b
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k
a
ctivities o
f c
o
mp
u
ter n
etw
o
r
k
u
s
in
g
virt
u
a
l rea
lit
y
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
(
S
u
kirma
n
)
83
T
ab
le
2
.
Qu
esti
o
n
n
air
e
f
o
r
m
a
ter
ial
ex
p
er
t
N
o
.
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
s
A
.
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
1.
P
r
e
sen
t
e
d
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
a
r
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
t
o
b
a
s
i
c
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
2.
P
r
e
sen
t
e
d
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
a
r
e
e
a
s
y
t
o
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
B
.
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
3.
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
a
r
e
p
r
e
se
n
t
e
d
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
4.
P
r
e
sen
t
e
d
v
i
s
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
o
f
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
a
r
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
t
o
t
h
e
mat
e
r
i
a
l
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
o
f
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
5.
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
c
a
n
b
e
u
sed
t
o
h
e
l
p
l
a
b
w
o
r
k
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
i
e
s
o
f
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
T
o
d
o
an
ass
ess
m
en
t,
th
e
ex
p
er
ts
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tr
y
in
g
an
d
u
s
e
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
f
ir
s
t,
th
en
g
iv
in
g
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
b
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
a
c
h
ec
k
s
ig
n
to
th
e
p
r
in
te
d
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
es.
L
ik
er
t
s
ca
le
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
s
co
r
e
1
to
4
is
u
s
ed
to
ju
d
g
e
ev
er
y
q
u
esti
o
n
lis
ts
,
wh
er
e
s
co
r
e
1
r
ef
er
s
to
v
er
y
d
i
s
ag
r
ee
wh
ile
4
as
s
er
ts
v
er
y
ag
r
ee
.
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n
th
e
last
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
n
ai
r
es
ar
e
also
p
r
o
v
id
ed
s
p
ac
e
f
o
r
e
x
p
er
ts
to
wr
ite
th
e
co
m
m
en
ts
.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
r
al
co
m
m
en
ts
an
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
ar
e
also
n
o
ted
to
an
t
icip
ate
if
th
e
co
m
m
en
ts
ar
e
n
o
t
wr
itten
b
y
ex
p
e
r
ts
.
I
f
th
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
co
r
es
ar
e
n
o
t
as
ex
p
ec
ted
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
will
b
e
r
ev
is
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
c
o
m
m
en
ts
an
d
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
,
th
e
n
co
m
e
b
ac
k
to
th
e
ex
p
er
ts
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
r
ev
is
io
n
s
.
I
f
t
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
co
r
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
as
e
x
p
ec
ted
,
it
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
is
r
ea
d
y
t
o
b
e
test
ed
to
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
co
llect
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
s
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
to
co
llect
u
s
er
s
’
r
esp
o
n
s
es th
at
u
s
e
th
e
L
ik
er
t s
ca
le
as we
ll wh
ich
is
ad
o
p
ted
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
[
2
8
]
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Qu
esti
o
n
n
air
e
to
o
b
ta
in
u
s
er
s
’
r
esp
o
n
s
e
N
o
.
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
s
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
1.
Th
e
p
r
e
se
n
t
e
d
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
s i
n
t
h
i
s VR
b
a
se
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
e
d
i
a
i
s
e
a
sy
t
o
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
2.
I
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
m
o
r
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
w
h
i
l
e
u
si
n
g
t
h
i
s VR
b
a
se
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
e
d
i
a
c
o
mp
a
r
e
t
o
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
t
o
o
l
s
3.
P
r
e
sen
t
e
d
s
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
i
s V
R
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
g
i
v
e
m
e
m
o
r
e
i
n
s
i
g
h
t
o
f
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
4.
I
l
i
k
e
t
h
i
s
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
me
d
i
a
u
se
d
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
P
l
e
a
s
u
r
e
5.
Th
i
s
V
R
b
a
se
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
me
d
i
a
i
s
p
l
a
y
f
u
l
6.
Th
i
s
V
R
b
a
se
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
me
d
i
a
g
i
v
e
m
e
n
e
w
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
i
n
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
A
t
t
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
ss
7.
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
,
t
h
i
s
V
R
b
a
se
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
me
d
i
a
i
s
v
e
r
y
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
g
B
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
in
t
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
th
e
q
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f
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to
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th
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in
f
o
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m
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,
s
im
u
lat
io
n
,
p
leasu
r
e,
an
d
attr
ac
tiv
en
ess
.
T
h
ese
ar
e
in
d
e
p
en
d
en
t
v
ar
ia
b
les
th
at
in
f
lu
en
ce
to
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ep
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d
en
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ater
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ject
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in
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lab
wo
r
k
ac
tiv
ities
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
as
well.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
u
s
ed
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
r
elate
d
to
th
is
e
v
ar
iab
les.
I
n
t
h
e
last
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
al
s
o
h
av
e
a
c
h
an
ce
to
wr
ite
co
m
m
en
ts
o
r
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
wh
ile
u
s
in
g
th
e
ap
p
lic
atio
n
.
B
esid
es
th
i
s
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
also
wer
e
g
iv
e
n
an
o
th
er
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
u
s
in
g
VR
b
ased
m
ed
ia
an
d
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
(
Ms.)
Po
wer
Po
in
t,
s
in
ce
th
e
m
ater
ials
also
d
eliv
er
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
4
.
I
n
t
h
is
q
u
esti
o
n
ty
p
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
n
ly
an
s
wer
y
es
o
r
n
o
t
th
at
s
tate
th
eir
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
s
u
b
jectiv
el
y
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
an
s
wer
ca
n
b
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
o
t
h
er
b
ased
o
n
th
ei
r
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
wh
ile
u
s
in
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
ab
le
4
.
Qu
es
tio
n
n
air
e
to
co
m
p
ar
e
VR
an
d
Ms.
Po
wer
Po
in
t
N
o
.
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
s
1.
V
R
b
a
se
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
e
d
i
a
i
s
mo
r
e
p
l
a
y
f
u
l
t
h
a
n
M
s.
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
2.
I
f
e
e
l
mo
r
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
ma
t
e
r
i
a
l
p
r
e
se
n
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
V
R
b
a
se
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
h
a
n
M
s.
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
3.
V
R
b
a
se
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
e
d
i
a
g
i
v
e
m
e
m
o
r
e
n
e
w
e
x
c
i
t
i
n
g
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
t
h
a
n
M
s
.
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
4.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
me,
V
R
b
a
s
e
d
me
d
i
a
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
c
a
n
mo
r
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
a
b
o
u
t
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
t
h
a
n
M
s
.
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
5.
P
r
e
sen
t
e
d
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
V
R
b
a
se
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
me
d
i
a
i
s
e
a
s
i
e
r
t
o
u
n
d
e
r
st
a
n
d
t
h
a
n
M
s.
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
6.
V
R
b
a
se
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
e
d
i
a
i
s
mo
r
e
p
l
a
y
f
u
l
t
h
a
n
M
s.
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
i
n
t
7.
I
f
e
e
l
g
e
t
mo
t
i
o
n
si
c
k
n
e
ss w
h
i
l
e
u
si
n
g
V
R
b
a
s
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
me
d
i
a
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
last
q
u
esti
o
n
is
n
o
t
to
c
o
m
p
ar
e
VR
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
Ms.
Po
wer
Po
in
t.
T
h
e
la
s
t
q
u
esti
o
n
is
m
o
r
e
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
h
o
w
th
e
f
ee
lin
g
wh
en
u
s
in
g
VR
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
b
u
n
d
led
in
HM
D
wh
et
h
er
g
ettin
g
m
o
tio
n
s
ick
n
ess
o
r
n
o
t,
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
es
[
1
7
,
2
9
]
,
s
tated
th
at
s
ev
er
al
p
ar
ticip
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ts
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p
o
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tially
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witch
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g
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in
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s
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g
VR
ap
p
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.
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h
e
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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1
6
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4
.
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Statis
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ical
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aly
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ata
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Valid
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p
tab
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p
p
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s
ite
[
3
0
]
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
VR
Appl
ica
t
io
n f
ea
t
ure
s
T
h
e
VR
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
m
e
d
ia
ap
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licatio
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o
n
t
h
is
s
tu
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2
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f
1
Per
s
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v
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s
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n
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d
Go
o
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le
VR
p
lu
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n
f
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r
Un
ity
v
1
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1
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0
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0
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er
s
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n
.
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h
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p
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r
am
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p
r
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m
in
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,
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p
licatio
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talled
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An
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e
a
n
d
in
s
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ted
in
to
th
e
VR
g
lass
es
as
HM
D,
v
iz.
VR
Sh
in
ec
o
n
6
.
0
G0
4
E
Ster
eo
b
u
n
d
led
with
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
h
ea
d
s
et.
W
ith
t
h
ese
VR
g
la
s
s
e
s
,
u
s
er
s
c
an
o
n
ly
s
ee
th
e
v
iews
o
f
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
(
VE
)
g
en
er
ated
b
y
a
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
in
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
th
eir
ey
es
wh
ile
wo
r
n
.
S
in
ce
th
e
VR
g
las
s
e
s
ca
n
s
et
u
p
t
h
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lim
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is
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lay
t
h
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n
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t
s
ee
th
e
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l
wo
r
ld
ar
o
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n
d
th
em
.
T
h
e
v
iew
d
is
p
lay
e
d
in
th
e
VR
g
lass
es
is
th
e
f
ir
s
t
-
p
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s
o
n
p
er
s
p
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tiv
e,
wh
ich
is
th
e
u
s
er
s
also
allo
ws
to
s
ee
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
VE
b
y
360
-
d
eg
r
ee
v
iews.
T
h
e
v
iews
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
ca
n
b
e
c
o
n
tr
o
lle
d
with
av
ailab
le
g
az
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
b
y
tu
r
n
h
ea
d
to
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t,
lef
t,
u
p
,
o
r
d
o
w
n
.
Me
a
n
wh
ile,
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
m
o
v
em
en
t
m
ay
u
s
e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
th
at
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
s
m
ar
tp
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o
n
e
v
ia
b
lu
eto
o
th
s
en
s
o
r
,
s
o
th
at
ch
an
g
in
g
th
e
co
o
r
d
i
n
ate
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
u
s
er
s
.
T
o
co
n
tr
o
l th
e
m
o
v
em
en
t
o
f
u
s
er
s
,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
ca
n
b
e
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
v
i
a
b
lu
eto
o
th
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
is
d
esig
n
ed
with
two
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
,
n
am
ely
b
y
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
o
th
er
is
g
az
e
cu
r
s
o
r
s
en
s
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
e
VR
p
lu
g
in
in
d
ef
au
lt.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
d
esig
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
two
n
o
tab
le
s
ce
n
es
an
d
o
t
h
er
c
o
m
p
lem
en
ts
.
T
h
e
two
n
o
tab
le
s
ce
n
es
ar
e
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
zo
n
e
s
ce
n
e
an
d
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
zo
n
e
s
ce
n
e.
T
h
e
m
ain
m
en
u
s
ce
n
e
will
b
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
at
th
e
f
ir
s
t
tim
e
wh
en
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
is
o
p
en
ed
,
t
h
en
u
s
er
s
allo
wed
to
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
s
ce
n
e
o
r
zo
n
e
th
at
will
p
r
ef
e
r
to
e
n
ter
.
At
th
e
f
ir
s
t
tim
e,
wh
ile
en
ter
i
n
g
b
o
th
n
o
tab
le
zo
n
es,
a
g
r
ee
t
in
g
v
o
ice
p
lay
ed
b
y
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
B
e
s
id
es,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
also
g
iv
es
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
wh
er
e
th
e
u
s
er
s
lo
ca
ted
,
wh
eth
er
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
zo
n
e
o
r
s
im
u
latio
n
zo
n
e
.
T
h
e
n
,
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
will
b
e
g
u
id
ed
wh
at
s
h
o
u
ld
th
e
y
d
o
b
y
v
o
ice
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
as
well,
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
u
s
er
s
f
ee
l c
o
n
v
en
ien
t a
n
d
ea
s
y
to
u
s
e
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
I
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
zo
n
e
s
ce
n
e
,
u
s
er
s
p
r
esen
ted
s
ev
er
al
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices
lik
e
UT
P
ca
b
le,
L
AN
ca
r
d
,
m
o
d
em
,
b
r
id
g
e,
ac
c
ess
p
o
in
t,
r
o
u
ter
,
r
e
p
ea
ter
,
h
u
b
,
a
n
d
s
witch
.
I
n
th
a
t
d
e
v
ices
co
n
ce
iv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
n
am
e,
b
r
ief
ex
p
lan
atio
n
,
an
d
its
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
B
y
d
ef
au
lt,
th
e
p
iece
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
r
e
h
id
d
en
an
d
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
g
az
e
cu
r
s
o
r
in
th
e
VR
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
ir
ec
ted
to
th
e
d
ev
ice.
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
d
is
p
lay
s
a
n
ex
am
p
l
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
s
h
o
wed
b
y
g
az
e
c
u
r
s
o
r
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
zo
n
e.
T
o
h
id
e
b
ac
k
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
g
az
e
cu
r
s
o
r
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
d
ir
ec
te
d
b
ac
k
to
th
e
d
e
v
ice
th
at
s
h
o
ws
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
n
th
is
s
ce
n
e,
u
s
er
s
ca
n
o
n
ly
s
ee
th
e
d
ev
ices
th
at
p
u
t
o
n
th
e
ta
b
le
with
o
u
t
th
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
o
f
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
c
o
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
o
en
ab
le
m
o
r
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
a
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
,
u
s
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
en
ter
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
zo
n
e.
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
zo
n
e
s
ce
n
e
th
at
allo
ws
u
s
er
s
to
d
o
m
o
r
e
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
b
y
co
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
co
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ices,
s
o
th
at
it
m
a
y
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
lab
w
o
r
k
ac
tiv
ities
.
W
h
en
u
s
er
s
en
ter
in
g
to
th
is
s
ce
n
e,
th
e
u
s
er
s
will
b
e
g
u
id
ed
b
y
v
o
ice
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
wh
at
s
h
o
u
ld
t
h
ey
d
o
.
Fo
r
e
x
am
p
le,
s
h
o
wn
at
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
3
D
o
b
ject
o
f
a
f
r
ee
tab
le
with
th
e
wo
r
d
"switch
",
th
e
v
o
ice
g
u
id
an
ce
will
in
s
tr
u
ct
th
e
u
s
er
s
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
th
e
s
witch
d
ev
ice
ar
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
v
ir
t
u
al
lab
wo
r
ld
an
d
p
u
t
it
t
o
th
e
tab
le.
On
ce
th
e
s
tep
f
in
is
h
e
d
,
th
e
u
s
er
s
will
b
e
in
s
tr
u
cted
to
f
i
n
d
a
ca
b
le
th
at
attac
h
ed
to
a
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
er
v
er
an
d
co
n
n
ec
t
t
o
th
e
s
witch
d
ev
i
ce
.
T
h
en
,
th
e
u
s
er
s
will
b
e
g
iv
en
th
e
n
ex
t
in
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
,
n
a
m
ely
to
f
in
d
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ca
b
le
th
at
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d
th
e
n
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n
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it
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witch
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Af
ter
f
in
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e
task
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,
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e
u
s
er
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ar
e
co
n
g
r
at
u
lated
b
y
th
e
v
o
ice
o
f
th
e
ap
p
lic
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
as
a
s
ig
n
.
T
h
is
task
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v
er
y
c
h
allen
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g
s
in
ce
t
h
e
3
D
v
i
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al
r
o
o
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is
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s
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t
h
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d
im
en
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io
n
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co
o
r
d
in
at
e
s
y
s
tem
th
at
s
o
m
etim
es m
ak
es
th
e
d
ep
t
h
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le
n
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th
am
o
n
g
o
b
jects a
r
e
u
n
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ea
s
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r
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clea
r
ly
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I
t c
a
n
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f
lu
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o
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o
r
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w
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ar
th
e
o
b
jects
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,
s
o
th
at
m
ay
b
e
m
is
s
in
g
to
co
n
n
ec
t
a
c
ab
le
to
o
th
e
r
d
ev
ices.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
a
litt
le
b
it
o
f
ef
f
o
r
t
to
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
th
e
task
,
b
u
t
th
is
is
o
n
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
th
at
m
ak
es
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
is
in
ter
esti
n
g
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
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p
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t E
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La
b
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ctivities o
f c
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ter n
etw
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s
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a
l rea
lit
y
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p
p
lica
tio
n
(
S
u
kirma
n
)
85
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
(
a
)
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
zo
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e
s
ce
n
e
d
is
p
lay
s
n
etwo
r
k
d
ev
ic
es a
n
d
its
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
(
b
)
Simu
latio
n
z
o
n
e
s
ce
n
e
to
s
im
u
late
co
m
p
u
te
r
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
ac
tiv
ities
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
im
u
lates
a
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
er
v
e
r
,
s
witch
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d
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t.
T
h
e
co
n
n
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tio
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cr
ea
te
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
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b
le
co
n
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tr
u
cted
b
y
th
e
u
s
er
.
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h
e
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im
u
latio
n
o
f
ca
b
le
is
s
til
l
n
o
t
r
ea
lly
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
r
ea
l.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
lack
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
f
ee
lin
g
o
f
u
s
er
s
'
p
lay
f
u
l
to
u
s
e
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
ce
t
h
ey
g
et
n
ew
ex
p
er
ien
ce
f
r
o
m
th
is
lear
n
in
g
m
ed
ia.
Ad
d
itio
n
a
lly
,
th
e
v
ir
tu
al
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
r
o
o
m
d
esig
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ed
o
n
th
is
ap
p
licatio
n
is
also
d
esig
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with
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e
m
o
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ty
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o
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it m
a
k
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l c
o
m
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o
r
tab
le
to
e
x
p
lo
r
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g
th
e
ar
ea
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
th
em
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Simu
latio
n
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
ca
b
le
th
at
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
to
s
witch
3
.
2
.
F
o
rma
t
iv
e
e
v
a
lua
t
io
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Fin
al
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
VR
ap
p
lic
atio
n
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
o
r
m
a
tiv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
(
FE)
t
o
id
en
tif
y
p
o
te
n
tial
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d
ac
tu
al
i
n
f
lu
en
ce
s
o
n
th
e
i
m
p
lem
en
tatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
FE
co
n
d
u
cted
th
r
o
u
g
h
te
s
tin
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
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b
y
th
e
ex
p
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ts
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am
ely
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o
f
twa
r
e
ex
p
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t
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d
m
ater
ial
ex
p
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t,
th
en
th
ey
f
ill
o
u
t
th
e
q
u
esti
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d
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T
ab
le
1
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d
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
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5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
in
al
r
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lt
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e
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p
itu
latio
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o
f
FE
f
r
o
m
b
o
t
h
s
o
f
twar
e
ex
p
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t
an
d
m
ater
ial
ex
p
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t.
T
h
e
av
er
a
g
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p
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ce
n
tag
e
s
co
r
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o
f
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o
f
twar
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f
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lik
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ter
f
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is
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d
au
d
io
is
6
9
,
1
6
%
th
at
s
h
o
ws
th
e
a
p
p
lic
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n
is
f
ea
s
ib
le
to
u
s
e
f
o
r
test
in
g
.
Me
a
n
wh
ile,
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
s
co
r
e
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
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t E
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n
tr
o
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,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
79
-
88
86
lear
n
in
g
co
n
ten
t
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ater
ial
ex
p
e
r
t
is
8
5
,
4
%
w
h
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
at
in
clu
d
es
a
v
er
y
f
ea
s
ib
le
ca
teg
o
r
y
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
is
q
u
it
e
f
ea
s
ib
le
to
b
e
u
s
ed
i
n
co
n
d
u
c
tin
g
u
s
er
test
in
g
.
Pre
v
io
u
s
ly
,
th
e
ex
p
er
ts
g
iv
e
f
e
ed
b
ac
k
an
d
co
m
m
en
ts
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
,
s
u
ch
as th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
ex
p
er
t
s
tated
th
at
t
h
e
f
o
n
t
u
s
e
d
is
s
o
clo
s
e
to
ea
c
h
o
th
e
r
,
s
o
th
at
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
e
v
alu
ated
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
h
e
also
s
tated
th
at
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
at
ea
ch
zo
n
e
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
m
a
d
e
p
er
s
tep
,
s
o
th
at
m
a
k
es
u
s
er
s
c
o
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
to
f
o
llo
w
th
e
g
u
id
an
ce
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
m
ater
ial
ex
p
er
t
h
as
o
n
ly
s
lig
h
tl
y
co
m
m
e
n
ts
s
in
ce
th
e
m
ater
i
als
ar
e
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r
o
m
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r
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lu
m
d
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ts
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at
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iate
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o
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e
L
O.
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ab
le
5
.
R
esu
lt o
f
Fo
r
m
ativ
e
e
v
alu
atio
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f
r
o
m
e
x
p
er
ts
N
o
.
A
ssesme
n
t
S
c
o
r
e
/
M
a
x
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e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
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o
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w
a
r
e
E
x
p
e
r
t
1.
U
ser i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
9
/
1
2
7
5
%
2.
V
i
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
1
4
/
2
0
7
0
%
3.
A
u
d
i
o
5
/
8
6
2
.
5
%
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
6
9
.
1
6
%
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
Ex
p
e
r
t
4.
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
7
/
8
8
7
.
5
%
5.
Le
a
r
n
i
n
g
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
1
0
/
1
2
8
3
.
3
%
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
8
5
.
4
%
3
.
2
.
User
t
esting
User
test
in
g
co
n
d
u
cted
to
war
d
2
5
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
SMK
Mu
h
a
m
m
ad
iy
ah
1
Go
n
d
an
g
r
ejo
g
r
ad
e
X
wh
o
wer
e
tak
in
g
b
asic
c
o
m
p
u
ter
n
etwo
r
k
s
u
b
jects.
B
ef
o
r
eh
a
n
d
,
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
e
x
p
lain
ed
th
e
s
et
o
f
to
o
ls
u
s
ed
s
u
c
h
a
s
VR
g
lass
e
s
b
u
n
d
led
h
ea
d
s
et,
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
,
s
m
ar
t
p
h
o
n
e,
an
d
th
e
VR
ap
p
licatio
n
th
at
in
s
talled
o
n
it.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
to
ld
h
o
w
to
u
s
e
an
d
wh
at
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
ea
ch
d
ev
ice.
T
o
an
ticip
at
e
th
e
wo
r
s
t
th
in
g
,
th
ey
wer
e
a
ls
o
in
f
o
r
m
ed
o
f
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
m
o
tio
n
s
ick
n
ess
wh
ile
u
s
in
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
H
o
wev
er
,
th
e
y
ar
e
ad
v
is
ed
to
n
o
wo
r
r
y
wh
e
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
ev
ices
s
in
ce
it
is
g
u
ar
an
teed
to
b
e
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af
e
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d
will
n
o
t
r
e
s
u
lt
in
an
ac
cid
en
t.
Her
ein
af
t
er
,
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
ex
p
lain
ed
th
at
th
e
y
s
h
o
u
ld
f
ill
o
u
t
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
an
d
e
n
co
u
r
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g
ed
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e
h
o
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est
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illi
n
g
o
u
t,
s
in
ce
th
eir
p
r
iv
ac
ies ar
e
s
af
e
g
u
a
r
an
teed
a
n
d
will n
o
t sh
ar
e
t
o
an
y
p
ar
ty
,
m
er
ely
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
p
u
r
p
o
s
es o
n
ly
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
wer
e
u
s
in
g
VR
g
lass
es
an
d
h
o
ld
th
e
a
n
alo
g
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
VR
g
lass
e
s
c
o
n
tain
a
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
wh
ich
is
in
s
talled
V
R
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
o
v
e
th
eir
h
ea
d
to
s
ee
VE
ar
o
u
n
d
th
em
.
T
h
ey
ca
n
u
s
e
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
to
g
o
f
o
r
war
d
o
r
m
o
v
in
g
co
o
r
d
i
n
ate
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
ca
n
also
b
e
u
s
ed
to
s
elec
t
3
D
o
b
jects
in
t
h
e
VE
r
o
o
m
s
in
ce
th
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
“Ok
”
b
u
tt
o
n
th
at
h
as
a
f
u
n
c
tio
n
as
“e
n
ter
”
in
a
co
m
p
u
ter
k
ey
b
o
ar
d
.
He
n
ce
,
t
h
e
3
D
o
b
jects
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
d
e
v
ices
ca
n
b
e
m
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
p
lace
to
an
o
th
er
.
No
ticea
b
le
th
at
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
q
u
ite
en
jo
y
in
g
th
ei
r
ac
tiv
ities
in
th
e
VE
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
o
v
em
en
ts
o
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th
eir
h
an
d
s
an
d
lim
b
s
to
th
e
l
ef
t
an
d
th
e
r
ig
h
t
to
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o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
So
m
etim
es,
th
e
ir
lip
s
lo
o
k
ed
lik
e
r
ea
d
in
g
g
u
id
an
ce
in
th
at
v
i
r
tu
a
l r
o
o
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
u
s
in
g
VR
g
lass
es w
ith
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
its
co
n
tr
o
ller
E
v
er
y
s
tu
d
e
n
t
tr
ied
th
e
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
f
o
r
a
b
o
u
t
7
-
1
0
m
in
u
tes
o
n
av
er
ag
e.
O
n
ce
f
in
is
h
ed
,
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
allo
wed
to
f
ill
o
u
t
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
p
r
o
v
id
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d
.
T
ab
le
6
s
h
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ws
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
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v
alid
ity
an
d
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r
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test
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r
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ly
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g
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n
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ile
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s
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g
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n
m
ay
s
u
p
p
o
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lab
wo
r
k
ac
tiv
ities
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
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astl
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,
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
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e
as
k
ed
to
f
ill
o
u
t
th
e
q
u
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n
ai
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e
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g
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ed
ia
b
etw
ee
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th
e
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ap
p
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tio
n
an
d
Ms.
Po
wer
Po
in
t.
T
ab
l
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
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lt
o
f
t
h
e
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
o
u
tlin
e
d
in
T
ab
le
4
af
ter
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
p
e
r
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
VR
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
Ms.
Po
wer
Po
i
n
t is 7
8
% v
er
s
u
s
2
2
%
.
I
t m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
VR
ap
p
licatio
n
b
u
ilt
f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
is
m
o
r
e
p
r
ef
er
a
b
le
th
an
Ms.
Po
wer
Po
in
t.
Qu
esti
o
n
7
u
s
ed
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
wh
et
h
er
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
g
ettin
g
m
o
ti
o
n
s
ick
n
ess
o
r
n
o
t
wh
ile
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
et
o
f
VR
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
E
v
id
en
tly
,
2
4
%
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
we
r
e
g
ettin
g
m
o
tio
n
s
ick
n
ess
,
wh
ile
7
6
%
o
f
o
th
e
r
s
ar
e
f
ee
lin
g
g
o
o
d
.
T
h
is
m
o
tio
n
s
ick
n
ess
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
h
av
e
n
ev
er
b
ee
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
b
ef
o
r
e
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
t
h
e
f
ee
lin
g
o
f
m
o
ti
o
n
s
ick
n
ess
is
ju
s
t a
m
o
m
en
t.
T
h
en
,
th
e
y
f
in
e
to
co
n
tin
u
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
et
o
f
VR
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
7
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
VR
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
Ms.
Po
wer
Po
in
t
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
s
(
Q
s)
A
n
sw
e
r
s (%)
Y
e
s
No
Q
s1
88
12
Q
s1
64
36
Q
s3
88
12
Q
s4
72
28
Q
s5
72
28
Q
s6
84
16
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
78
22
Q
s7
24
76
4.
CO
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O
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B
ased
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Fu
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ac
tiv
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n
etwo
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k
in
g
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
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f
m
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tio
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s
ick
n
ess
wh
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u
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ticip
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n
e
v
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b
ee
n
u
s
in
g
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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1
6
9
3
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6
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Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
1
:
79
-
88
88
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
S
u
p
ri
y
a
n
t
o
,
"
Ba
sic
Clas
s
1
0
Vo
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Hig
h
S
c
h
o
o
l
Ne
tw
o
rk
Bo
o
k
(in
Ba
h
a
sa
:
B
u
k
u
J
a
rin
g
a
n
Da
sa
r
Ke
l
a
s
1
0
SMK
),
Ja
k
a
rta:
Dire
k
to
ra
t
Pem
b
i
n
a
a
n
S
e
k
o
la
h
M
e
n
e
n
g
a
h
Ke
ju
ru
a
n
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
B.
S
.
Da
v
ie a
n
d
L.
L.
P
e
ters
o
n
,
"
Co
m
p
u
ter
n
e
t
wo
rk
s
,"
M
o
rg
a
n
k
a
u
fma
n
n
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
]
K.
J.
G
e
rrit
se
n
-
v
a
n
Lee
u
we
n
k
a
m
p
,
D.
Jo
o
ste
n
-
ten
Bri
n
k
e
,
a
n
d
L
.
Ke
ste
r,
“
S
tu
d
e
n
ts’
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
s
o
f
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
q
u
a
li
t
y
re
late
d
to
t
h
e
ir
lea
rn
i
n
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s a
n
d
lea
rn
in
g
o
u
tc
o
m
e
s,”
S
tu
d
.
Ed
u
c
.
Eva
l.
,
v
o
l.
6
3
,
p
p
.
7
2
-
8
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
H.
Itze
k
-
G
re
u
li
c
h
,
B.
F
lu
n
g
e
r,
C.
Vo
ll
m
e
r,
B.
Na
g
e
n
g
a
st,
M
.
Re
h
m
,
a
n
d
U.
Trau
twe
in
,
“
Eff
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
o
f
lab
-
wo
rk
lea
rn
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
in
a
n
d
o
u
t
o
f
sc
h
o
o
l:
A
c
lu
ste
r
ra
n
d
o
m
i
z
e
d
stu
d
y
,
”
Co
n
tem
p
.
Ed
u
c
.
Ps
y
c
h
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
4
8
,
p
p
.
9
8
-
1
1
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[5
]
I.
C.
Hu
n
g
,
Kin
sh
u
k
,
a
n
d
N.
S
.
C
h
e
n
,
“
Emb
o
d
ied
i
n
tera
c
ti
v
e
v
id
e
o
lec
tu
re
s
fo
r
imp
ro
v
i
n
g
lea
rn
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
re
h
e
n
si
o
n
a
n
d
re
ten
ti
o
n
,
”
Co
mp
u
t.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
1
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
1
6
-
1
3
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
M
.
He
rn
á
n
d
e
z
-
de
-
M
e
n
é
n
d
e
z
,
A.
Va
ll
e
jo
G
u
e
v
a
ra
,
a
n
d
R.
M
o
ra
les
-
M
e
n
e
n
d
e
z
,
“
Virtu
a
l
re
a
li
t
y
lab
o
ra
to
ries
:
a
re
v
ie
w
o
f
e
x
p
e
rie
n
c
e
s,”
In
t.
J
.
I
n
ter
a
c
t.
De
s.
M
a
n
u
f.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
9
4
7
-
9
6
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[7
]
L.
Alfa
ro
,
C.
R
iv
e
ra
,
J.
L
u
n
a
-
Ur
q
u
izo
,
S
.
Alfa
r
o
,
a
n
d
F
.
F
ialh
o
,
“
Virtu
a
l
Re
a
li
ty
F
u
ll
Im
m
e
rsio
n
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
fo
r
En
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
W
o
rk
e
rs
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
,
2
0
y
e
a
rs
Late
r:
A
Re
v
iew
a
n
d
a
Re
fo
rm
u
lati
o
n
,
”
In
t.
J
.
A
d
v
.
C
o
mp
u
t.
S
c
i
.
A
p
p
l
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[8
]
J.
Wo
lfarts
b
e
rg
e
r,
“
An
a
l
y
z
in
g
t
h
e
p
o
te
n
ti
a
l
o
f
Virt
u
a
l
Re
a
li
t
y
f
o
r
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
d
e
si
g
n
re
v
iew
,
”
A
u
to
m.
Co
n
str.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
4
,
p
p
.
2
7
-
3
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[9
]
J.
C.
S
e
rv
o
t
te
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Virt
u
a
l
Re
a
li
ty
Ex
p
e
rien
c
e
:
Im
m
e
rsio
n
,
S
e
n
se
o
f
P
re
se
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
Cy
b
e
rsic
k
n
e
ss
,
”
Cli
n
.
S
im
u
l
.
Nu
rs
.
,
v
o
l.
3
8
,
p
p
.
3
5
-
4
3
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
2
0
.
[1
0
]
P
.
Zi
m
m
e
r,
C.
C.
W
u
,
a
n
d
G
.
Do
m
e
s,
“
S
a
m
e
sa
m
e
b
u
t
d
iffere
n
t?
Re
p
li
c
a
ti
n
g
th
e
re
a
l
s
u
rro
u
n
d
in
g
s
in
a
v
irt
u
a
l
tr
ier
so
c
ial
stre
ss
tes
t
(TS
S
T
-
VR)
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
p
re
se
n
c
e
o
r
t
h
e
p
sy
c
h
o
p
h
y
sio
lo
g
ica
l
stre
ss
re
sp
o
n
se
,
”
P
h
y
sio
l.
Be
h
a
v
.
,
v
o
l.
2
1
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
1
]
R.
Ca
n
t,
S
.
C
o
o
p
e
r,
R.
S
u
ss
e
x
,
a
n
d
F
.
Bo
g
o
ss
ian
,
“
Wh
a
t’s
i
n
a
Na
m
e
?
Clarify
in
g
th
e
N
o
m
e
n
c
latu
re
o
f
Vir
tu
a
l
S
imu
latio
n
,
”
Cli
n
.
S
imu
l
.
Nu
rs
.
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
p
p
.
2
6
-
3
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
2
]
Ü.
Ça
k
ir
o
ğ
l
u
a
n
d
S
.
G
ö
k
o
ğ
l
u
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
fire
sa
fe
ty
b
e
h
a
v
io
ra
l
sk
il
ls
v
ia
v
irt
u
a
l
re
a
li
ty
,
”
Co
mp
u
t
.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
1
3
3
,
p
p
.
5
6
-
6
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
S
.
v
a
n
G
in
k
e
l
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
F
o
ste
rin
g
o
ra
l
p
re
se
n
tatio
n
c
o
m
p
e
ten
c
e
th
ro
u
g
h
a
v
irt
u
a
l
re
a
li
ty
-
b
a
se
d
tas
k
fo
r
d
e
li
v
e
rin
g
fe
e
d
b
a
c
k
,
”
Co
mp
u
t.
Ed
u
c
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
4
,
p
p
.
7
8
-
9
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
4
]
I.
Ko
v
a
r,
“
Us
e
o
f
v
ir
tu
a
l
re
a
li
t
y
a
s a
to
o
l
to
o
v
e
rc
o
m
e
th
e
p
o
st
-
trau
m
a
ti
c
stre
ss
d
iso
rd
e
r
o
f
p
e
n
si
o
n
e
r
s
,
”
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
In
t.
J
.
Ad
v
.
S
c
i.
E
n
g
.
In
f
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
5
]
P
.
S
.
Arc
h
a
m
b
a
u
lt
a
n
d
C.
Bi
g
r
a
s,
“
Im
p
ro
v
in
g
wh
e
e
lch
a
ir
d
ri
v
i
n
g
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
in
a
v
irt
u
a
l
re
a
li
ty
sim
u
lat
o
r,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
V
irtu
a
l
Reh
a
b
il
it
a
ti
o
n
(ICVR
)
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
D.
P
.
S
a
l
g
a
d
o
,
T.
B.
Ro
d
rig
u
e
s,
F
.
R.
M
a
rti
n
s,
E.
L.
M
.
Na
v
e
s,
R
.
F
l
y
n
n
,
a
n
d
N.
M
u
rra
y
,
“
Th
e
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
Cy
b
e
rsic
k
n
e
ss
o
f
a
n
Im
m
e
rsiv
e
Wh
e
e
lch
a
ir
S
imu
lato
r,
”
Pr
o
c
e
d
ia
Co
mp
u
t.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
1
6
0
,
p
p
.
6
6
5
-
6
7
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
C.
Li
,
W
.
Li
a
n
g
,
C.
Qu
i
g
ley
,
Y.
Z
h
a
o
,
a
n
d
L.
Yu
,
“
Eart
h
q
u
a
k
e
S
a
fe
ty
Train
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
Virtu
a
l
Dril
ls,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
.
Vi
s.
Co
mp
u
t.
Gr
a
p
h
.
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
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o
.
4
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p
p
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2
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4
,
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r
.
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0
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7
.
[1
8
]
S
u
k
irma
n
,
R.
A.
Wi
b
iso
n
o
,
a
n
d
S
u
jalwo
,
“
S
e
lf
-
Ev
a
c
u
a
ti
o
n
Drill
s
b
y
M
o
b
il
e
Virt
u
a
l
Re
a
li
t
y
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
t
o
E
n
h
a
n
c
e
Earth
q
u
a
k
e
P
re
p
a
re
d
n
e
ss
,
”
Pro
c
e
d
ia
C
o
mp
u
t.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
1
5
7
,
p
p
.
2
4
7
-
2
5
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
9
]
D.
Ka
m
iń
sk
a
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Virtu
a
l
Re
a
li
ty
a
n
d
Its
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
E
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
S
u
r
v
e
y
,
”
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
0
.
2
0
1
9
.
[2
0
]
M
.
N.
S
e
lze
r,
N.
F
.
G
a
z
c
o
n
,
a
n
d
M
.
L.
Larre
a
,
“
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
v
irt
u
a
l
p
r
e
se
n
c
e
a
n
d
lea
rn
in
g
o
u
tco
m
e
u
sin
g
lo
w
-
e
n
d
v
irt
u
a
l
re
a
li
ty
sy
ste
m
s,”
Disp
la
y
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
9
,
p
p
.
9
-
1
5
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
1
]
H.
K.
R
ick
e
tt
s,
A
.
M
.
S
a
lsb
u
r
y
,
D.
R.
Be
v
a
n
,
a
n
d
A.
M
.
Br
o
wn
,
“
Us
in
g
Im
m
e
rsiv
e
Visu
a
li
z
a
ti
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ir
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m
e
n
ts
to
En
g
a
g
e
S
t
u
d
e
n
ts
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n
Ha
n
d
s
-
On
Lea
rn
in
g
,
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c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
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h
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c
ti
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e
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n
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Exp
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rie
n
c
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o
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A
d
v
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n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
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Co
mp
u
t
in
g
,
p
p
.
7
4
:1
-
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4
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5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
2
]
F
.
E
.
Lo
u
h
a
b
,
A.
Kh
iat
,
A.
Ba
h
n
a
ss
e
,
F
.
Be
n
sa
lah
,
Y.
K
h
iat,
a
n
d
M
.
Tale
a
,
“
T
o
wa
rd
s
a
n
E
-
La
b
S
o
l
u
ti
o
n
fo
r
Ne
two
rk
As
siste
d
Lea
rn
in
g
,
”
Pro
c
e
d
i
a
Co
mp
u
t.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
1
5
5
,
p
p
.
3
8
6
-
3
9
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
3
]
N.
Ka
ra
a
n
d
K.
Ca
g
il
tay
,
“
S
m
a
rt
to
y
s
fo
r
p
re
sc
h
o
o
l
c
h
il
d
re
n
:
A
d
e
s
ig
n
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
,
”
El
e
c
tro
n
.
Co
mm
e
r.
Res
.
Ap
p
l.
,
v
o
l
.
3
9
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
4
]
R.
C.
Rich
e
y
a
n
d
J.
D.
Kle
in
,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
Re
se
a
rc
h
:
M
e
th
o
d
s,
S
trate
g
ies
,
a
n
d
Iss
u
e
s
,"
M
a
h
wa
h
,
Ne
w
J
e
rs
e
y
:
L
a
wre
n
c
e
Erlb
a
u
m A
ss
o
c
ia
tes
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
5
]
R.
C.
Rich
e
y
a
n
d
J.
D.
Kle
in
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
Re
se
a
rc
h
BT
-
Ha
n
d
b
o
o
k
o
f
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
”
Ed
s.
Ne
w Yo
r
k
,
NY
:
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
Ne
w
Y
o
rk
,
p
p
.
1
4
1
-
1
5
0
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
6
]
A.
C.
Lu
th
e
r,
"
Au
t
h
o
ri
n
g
In
tera
c
t
iv
e
M
u
lt
ime
d
ia
,"
USA:
Aca
d
e
mic
Pre
ss
Pro
fes
s
io
n
a
l,
I
n
c
.
,
1
9
9
4
.
[2
7
]
A.
Li
n
d
g
re
e
n
,
C.
A.
Di
Be
n
e
d
e
tt
o
,
R.
J.
Br
o
d
ie,
a
n
d
E.
Ja
a
k
k
o
la,
“
Ho
w
to
d
e
v
e
lo
p
g
re
a
t
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
fra
m
e
wo
rk
s
fo
r
b
u
sin
e
ss
-
to
-
b
u
si
n
e
ss
m
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
,
”
In
d
.
M
a
rk
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
8
]
A.
Hin
d
e
r
k
s,
M
.
S
c
h
re
p
p
,
F
.
J.
D
o
m
ín
g
u
e
z
M
a
y
o
,
M
.
J.
Esc
a
lo
n
a
,
a
n
d
J.
T
h
o
m
a
sc
h
e
ws
k
i,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
a
UX
KPI
b
a
se
d
o
n
th
e
u
se
r
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
q
u
e
s
ti
o
n
n
a
ire,”
Co
mp
u
t.
S
t
a
n
d
.
I
n
ter
f
a
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
5
,
p
p
.
3
8
-
4
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
9
]
H.
Li
a
n
g
,
F
.
L
ian
g
,
F
.
W
u
,
C
.
Wan
g
,
a
n
d
J.
C
h
a
n
g
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
VR
P
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
fo
r
E
n
h
a
n
c
in
g
Eart
h
q
u
a
k
e
Ev
a
c
u
e
e
S
a
fe
ty
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
1
6
t
h
AC
M
S
IGG
RA
PH
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
V
irtu
a
l
-
Rea
l
it
y
Co
n
ti
n
u
u
m
a
n
d
Its
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s i
n
In
d
u
stry
,
p
p
.
2
0
:1
-
2
0
:
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
0
]
K.
S
.
Tab
e
r,
“
Th
e
Us
e
o
f
Cr
o
n
b
a
c
h
’s
Alp
h
a
Wh
e
n
De
v
e
lo
p
i
n
g
a
n
d
Re
p
o
rt
in
g
Re
se
a
rc
h
In
str
u
m
e
n
ts
i
n
S
c
ien
c
e
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
Res
.
S
c
i.
E
d
u
c
.
,
v
o
l.
4
8
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
2
7
3
-
1
2
9
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
1
]
A.
R.
El
wy
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Us
in
g
fo
rm
a
ti
v
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
to
imp
ro
v
e
c
li
n
ica
l
imp
lem
e
n
tatio
n
e
ff
o
rts:
De
sc
rip
ti
o
n
a
n
d
a
n
e
x
a
m
p
le,”
Psy
c
h
ia
try
Res
.
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
3
,
2
0
2
0
.
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