T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
,
pp.
358
~
364
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i1.
13934
358
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
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n
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ae
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eo
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u
b
l
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c
o
f
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o
rea
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t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
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CT
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r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
Aug
19
,
2019
R
e
vis
e
d
Nov
3
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2019
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c
e
pted
Nov
30
,
2019
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h
e
d
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n
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fo
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d
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p
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cu
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s
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p
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u
c
h
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h
o
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e
h
o
l
d
,
d
o
me
s
t
i
c,
farms
,
et
c.
D
u
e
t
o
l
i
mi
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ed
am
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n
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f
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p
ap
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ch
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c.
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d
e
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el
o
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erg
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amp
h
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w
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s
o
l
ar
p
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er
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o
t
h
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farmer
s
.
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h
i
s
w
o
rk
w
i
l
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h
el
p
t
h
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fa
rmers
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n
man
y
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s
t
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can
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d
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FM
rad
i
o
,
U
SB
ch
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mu
s
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memo
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card
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s
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s
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e
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t
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o
l
l
ed
b
y
remo
t
e.
T
h
e
b
at
t
ery
can
b
e
u
s
e
d
fo
r
al
l
t
h
es
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s
b
a
t
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h
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d
b
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t
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a
y
s
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s
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g
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o
l
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en
er
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y
an
d
A
C
mai
n
s
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
T
h
e
d
ev
e
l
o
p
ed
l
am
p
i
s
t
es
t
ed
i
n
t
h
e
real
t
i
me
en
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
a
tt
e
r
y
C
ha
r
ge
c
ontr
oll
e
r
E
mer
ge
nc
y
lamp
L
ight
e
mi
tt
ing
diodes
S
olar
e
ne
r
gy
s
our
c
e
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
S
ur
e
nde
r
R
e
ddy
S
a
lkut
i
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
R
a
il
r
oa
d
a
nd
E
lec
tr
ica
l
E
ng
inee
r
ing
,
W
oos
ong
Unive
r
s
it
y,
Da
e
jeon,
R
e
publi
c
of
Kor
e
a
.
E
mail:
s
ur
e
nde
r
@ws
u.
a
c
.
kr
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
I
n
today's
wo
r
ld,
a
c
ons
ider
a
ble
por
t
ion
o
f
c
ons
umed
e
ne
r
gy
in
e
lec
tr
ica
l
ne
twor
k
is
c
ha
nge
d
to
a
r
ti
f
icia
l
l
ight
ing.
W
it
h
the
incr
e
a
s
e
in
e
ne
r
gy
c
o
ns
umpt
ion
by
va
r
ious
s
e
gments
in
r
e
lation
to
dif
f
iculty
of
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on,
the
im
por
tanc
e
of
e
f
f
icie
nt
wa
ys
of
li
g
hti
ng
c
a
n
be
inves
ti
ga
ted
.
L
ight
e
mi
tt
ing
diodes
(
L
E
Ds
)
a
r
e
wide
ly
us
e
d
in
low
-
li
ght
-
leve
l
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
.
U
s
e
of
L
E
Ds
f
or
s
ignaliza
ti
on
ha
s
be
e
n
we
ll
known
f
or
mor
e
than
a
de
c
a
de
a
nd
f
o
r
many
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
a
ppli
c
a
ti
o
ns
.
I
n
mos
t
a
c
ti
vit
ies
,
the
li
ghti
ng
is
ne
e
de
d.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
the
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ghti
ng
s
ys
tems
ha
v
e
be
c
ome
im
por
tant.
T
he
y
ha
ve
be
e
n
c
ons
ider
e
d
a
s
s
a
f
e
ty
it
e
m
a
nd
a
r
e
r
e
quir
e
d
in
many
e
nvi
r
onments
.
T
he
y
a
r
e
ins
talled
in
ha
ll
s
,
ladde
r
s
,
ga
r
a
ge
s
,
e
leva
tor
s
,
r
e
s
taur
a
nts
a
nd
other
publi
c
e
nvir
onments
e
ns
ur
ing
li
ghti
ng
in
the
a
b
s
e
nc
e
of
e
lec
tr
icity
.
E
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ghts
a
r
e
c
ons
ider
e
d
a
s
e
xtr
e
mely
im
por
t
a
nt
f
or
wor
kplac
e
s
be
c
a
us
e
they
may
be
the
only
mea
ns
of
li
ght
a
va
il
a
ble
f
or
the
f
a
r
mer
s
or
wor
ke
r
s
dur
ing
e
mer
ge
nc
y
s
it
ua
ti
ons
.
T
he
ba
tt
e
r
y
powe
r
e
d
li
ghts
e
ns
ur
e
that
the
wor
ke
r
s
c
a
n
e
a
s
il
y
f
ind
a
n
e
xit
with
r
e
lative
e
a
s
e
.
T
his
is
why
ins
tallation
of
thes
e
li
ghts
is
c
ons
ider
e
d
a
lega
l
r
e
quir
e
men
t
withi
n
the
r
e
mot
e
a
r
e
a
s
.
S
ung
W
.
T
.
,
e
t.
a
l
l.
,
[
1]
de
ve
lops
a
s
mar
t
L
E
D
li
ghti
ng
s
ys
tem,
whic
h
is
r
e
mot
e
ly
c
o
ntr
oll
e
d
by
Andr
oid
a
pps
via
ha
ndhe
ld
de
vice
s
,
e
.
g.
,
s
mar
t
phone
s
,
table
ts
,
e
tc.
A
ne
w
e
mer
ge
nc
y
b
a
ll
a
s
t
f
or
f
luor
e
s
c
e
nt
lamps
is
pr
e
s
e
nted
,
Alons
o
J
.
M
.
,
e
t.
a
ll
.
,
[
2
]
.
An
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ght
ing
s
ys
tem
int
e
gr
a
ted
int
o
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
s
ign
and
de
v
e
lopme
nt
of
s
mar
t
e
me
r
ge
nc
y
li
ght
(
S.
N
ar
as
imha
)
359
c
ompac
t
lamp
us
ing
high
-
br
ight
ne
s
s
L
E
Ds
is
pr
o
pos
e
d
in
[
3]
.
T
he
s
e
de
vice
s
ha
ve
high
lum
inous
e
f
f
ica
c
y,
long
us
e
f
ul
li
f
e
a
nd
s
mall
s
ize
.
B
e
s
ide
s
,
they
wor
k
with
low
volt
a
ge
a
nd
c
ur
r
e
nt
va
lues
a
nd
they
do
not
ne
e
d
igni
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
he
s
e
f
e
a
tur
e
s
make
thes
e
de
vice
s
a
tt
r
a
c
ti
ve
to
us
e
in
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ghti
ng.
S
e
c
a
de
s
M
.
R
.
,
e
t.
a
ll
.
,
[
4
]
pr
e
s
e
nts
a
n
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
s
olut
ion
ba
s
e
d
on
high
-
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
L
E
Ds
.
T
he
long
o
pe
r
a
ti
on
li
f
e
of
h
igh
-
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
L
E
Ds
with
a
ve
r
y
s
im
ple
e
l
e
c
tr
onics
c
ir
c
uit
r
y
im
pli
e
s
a
n
int
e
r
e
s
ti
ng
s
olut
ion
f
or
thes
e
types
of
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
.
An
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ghti
ng
s
ys
tem
int
e
gr
a
ted
int
o
a
c
ompac
t
lamp
us
ing
high
-
br
ig
htnes
s
L
E
Ds
is
pr
opos
e
d
in
[
5
]
.
A
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ghti
ng
s
ys
tem
by
us
i
ng
L
E
Ds
a
nd
a
c
onve
r
ter
a
ppli
e
d
to
s
upply
th
is
ne
twor
k
c
ons
is
ts
of
the
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
of
two
f
lybac
k
c
onve
r
ter
s
is
pr
opos
e
d
,
Olivi
e
r
a
A
.
M
.
M
.
,
e
t.
a
ll
.
,
[
6]
.
P
int
o
R
.
A
.
,
e
t.
a
ll
.
,
[
7]
pr
opos
e
s
a
c
ir
c
uit
w
hich
s
uppli
e
s
the
L
E
Ds
in
two
wa
ys
.
F
i
r
s
t,
by
mains
(
22
0
V,
a
c
)
us
ing
a
c
ir
c
uit
c
a
ll
e
d
volt
a
ge
r
e
gulator
in
DC
.
A
nother
wa
y,
in
the
e
mer
ge
nc
y
mode,
the
c
i
r
c
uit
s
uppli
e
s
the
L
E
D
us
ing
a
Ni
-
M
H
ba
tt
e
r
y
without
the
ne
e
d
of
c
onve
r
ter
.
T
he
objec
ti
ve
o
f
[
8]
is
t
o
de
ve
lop
a
c
ompac
t
a
nd
low
-
c
os
t
e
lec
tr
onic
c
ir
c
uit
to
dr
ive
a
nd
c
ontr
ol
the
c
ur
r
e
nt
of
L
E
Ds
a
r
r
a
nge
d
in
a
s
ingl
e
e
nc
los
ur
e
.
T
he
s
ys
tem
pr
opos
e
d
,
L
ohote
R
.
,
e
t.
a
ll
.
,
[
9]
o
ve
r
c
omes
a
ll
the
d
r
a
wba
c
ks
of
c
onve
nti
ona
l
s
ys
tem
a
nd
pr
ovides
e
ne
r
gy
s
a
ving,
s
mar
t
a
ler
ti
ng
s
olut
ions
.
An
e
f
f
icie
nt
a
nd
c
ompac
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ghti
ng
s
ys
tem
us
ing
high
int
e
ns
it
y
L
E
Ds
is
pr
opos
e
d
in
[
10]
.
T
he
o
bjec
ti
ve
of
thi
s
wor
k
is
to
de
s
ign
a
nd
de
ve
lop
a
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ght
whic
h
is
mainly
us
e
f
ul
f
or
the
f
a
r
mer
s
in
r
e
mot
e
a
r
e
a
s
a
s
the
y
f
a
c
e
s
ome
pr
oblems
dur
ing
late
night
s
in
the
f
ields
f
r
om
low
li
ghti
ng
a
nd
f
a
c
ing
f
ield
los
s
f
r
om
wild
a
nim
a
ls
a
nd
bir
ds
.
T
he
main
objec
ti
ve
of
thi
s
pa
pe
r
is
to
pr
ovide
the
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ght
us
ing
s
olar
powe
r
to
the
f
a
r
mer
s
.
I
n
many
c
ountr
ies
,
mos
t
of
the
f
a
r
mer
s
a
r
e
s
ti
c
k
a
r
ound
to
their
r
e
mot
e
a
r
e
a
s
.
T
he
main
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
of
th
is
wor
k
a
r
e
F
M
r
a
dio,
USB
c
ha
r
ging,
mus
ic
by
memor
y
c
a
r
d
,
mi
ni
f
a
n
,
tor
c
h
li
ght
,
e
tc.
T
his
c
a
n
a
ls
o
be
c
ontr
oll
e
d
by
r
e
mot
e
c
ontr
ol.
T
he
ba
tt
e
r
y
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
f
o
r
a
ll
th
e
s
e
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
.
T
his
ba
tt
e
r
y
c
a
n
be
c
ha
r
ge
d
by
two
wa
ys
us
ing
s
olar
e
ne
r
gy
a
nd
AC
mains
s
upply
[
11]
.
T
h
e
s
e
a
r
e
de
s
igned,
im
pleme
nted
a
nd
tes
ted
in
the
r
e
a
l
ti
me
e
nvir
onment.
T
he
objec
ti
ve
s
of
thi
s
wor
k
a
r
e
a
s
f
ol
lows
:
−
T
o
de
s
ign
a
nd
de
ve
lop
a
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
l
ight
in
r
e
a
l
ti
me
e
nvir
on
ment.
−
T
o
pr
ovide
s
upply
to
loads
us
ing
ba
tt
e
r
y.
−
T
o
c
ha
r
ge
the
ba
tt
e
r
y
us
ing
bo
th
s
olar
e
ne
r
gy
s
our
c
e
a
nd
a
c
mains
s
upply.
−
T
he
de
s
ign
s
hould
be
s
im
ple
a
nd
e
a
s
il
y
ope
r
a
ted.
T
he
r
e
mainde
r
of
thi
s
pa
pe
r
is
o
r
ga
nize
d
a
s
f
oll
o
w
s
:
s
e
c
ti
on
2
de
s
c
r
ibes
a
bout
the
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ght.
De
s
ign
a
nd
a
na
lys
is
of
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
l
igh
t
is
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
s
e
c
ti
on
3
.
T
e
s
ti
ng,
r
e
s
ult
s
a
nd
dis
c
us
s
ion
is
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
s
e
c
ti
on
4.
F
inally,
va
r
ious
c
ontr
ibut
ions
of
thi
s
pa
pe
r
a
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nted
in
s
e
c
ti
o
n
5.
2.
S
M
AR
T
E
M
E
RGE
N
CY
L
I
GH
T
F
igur
e
1
de
picts
the
block
diagr
a
m
of
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ght.
F
r
om
thi
s
F
igu
r
e
,
it
c
a
n
be
obs
e
r
ve
d
that
the
ba
tt
e
r
y
c
a
n
be
c
ha
r
ge
d
by
two
wa
ys
us
i
ng
s
olar
e
ne
r
gy
thr
ough
c
ha
r
ge
c
ontr
oll
e
r
a
nd
A
C
mains
s
upply
thr
ough
ba
tt
e
r
y
c
ha
r
ge
r
[
12
]
.
T
his
ba
tt
e
r
y
c
a
n
be
f
e
d
to
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
loads
,
a
nd
they
a
r
e
main
li
ght,
F
M
r
e
c
e
iver
,
to
r
c
h
l
ight
,
USB
f
a
n
a
nd
USB
li
ght,
mob
il
e
c
ha
r
ging.
T
he
c
omponents
o
f
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ght
a
r
e
de
s
c
r
ibed
ne
xt:
F
igur
e
1.
B
lock
diagr
a
m
of
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ght
2
.
1.
S
olar
p
an
e
l
T
he
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
c
omponent
in
s
olar
e
ne
r
gy
s
ys
tem
is
photovol
taic
or
s
olar
c
e
ll
,
by
whic
h
s
un
li
ght
e
ne
r
gy
is
c
onve
r
ted
int
o
e
lec
tr
ic
c
ur
r
e
nt
ba
s
e
d
on
the
pr
inciple
of
photo
e
lec
tr
ic
e
f
f
e
c
t
[
13]
.
E
lec
t
r
ica
l
e
ne
r
gy
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
358
-
364
360
is
s
tor
e
d
in
the
ba
tt
e
r
y
us
ing
s
olar
e
ne
r
gy
thr
oug
h
the
c
ha
r
ge
c
ontr
oll
e
r
c
ir
c
uit
.
T
he
s
pe
c
if
ica
ti
ons
of
s
olar
pa
ne
l
us
e
d
in
thi
s
wor
k
a
r
e
:
model
nu
mber
is
0603
-
1824,
s
olar
maximum
powe
r
(
P
max
)
is
5
W
,
vol
tage
a
t
P
max
is
8.
60
V,
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
t
P
m
a
x
is
0.
58
A
,
ope
n
c
i
r
c
uit
v
olt
a
ge
is
10.
5
V
,
s
hor
t
c
i
r
c
uit
c
ur
r
e
nt
is
0.
67
A,
o
pe
r
a
ti
ng
tempe
r
a
tur
e
is
-
40
°C
to
85
°C
,
a
nd
number
of
c
e
ll
s
a
r
e
18
[
14
]
.
2.
2
.
S
olar
c
h
ar
ge
c
on
t
r
oll
e
r
I
t
is
f
unda
menta
ll
y
a
vo
lt
a
ge
or
c
ur
r
e
nt
c
ont
r
oll
e
r
to
c
ha
r
ge
the
ba
tt
e
r
y
a
nd
ke
e
p
e
le
c
tr
ic
c
e
ll
s
f
r
om
ove
r
c
ha
r
ging.
I
t
di
r
e
c
ts
the
volt
a
ge
a
nd
c
ur
r
e
nt
h
a
il
ing
f
r
om
the
s
olar
pa
ne
ls
s
e
tt
ing
o
f
f
to
the
e
lec
tr
ic
c
e
ll
.
Ge
ne
r
a
ll
y,
12
V
boa
r
ds
/pane
ls
put
out
in
the
ba
ll
pa
r
k
of
16
to
20
V,
s
o
if
ther
e
is
no
r
e
gulation
th
e
e
lec
tr
ic
c
e
ll
s
will
da
ma
ge
d
f
r
om
ove
r
c
ha
r
ging.
Ge
ne
r
a
ll
y,
e
lec
tr
ic
s
tor
a
ge
de
vice
s
r
e
quir
e
a
r
ound
14
to
14.
5
V
to
ge
t
c
ompl
e
tely
c
ha
r
ge
d.
T
he
r
a
nge
o
f
c
ha
r
ge
c
ont
r
oll
e
r
s
a
r
e
f
r
om
4
.
5
A
a
nd
up
to
60
to
80
A
[
15]
.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
thr
e
e
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
types
o
f
s
olar
c
ha
r
ge
c
ontr
oll
e
r
s
a
r
e
a
va
i
lable
,
a
nd
they
a
r
e
:
s
im
ple
1
o
r
2
s
tage
c
ontr
o
ls
,
puls
e
width
modul
a
ted
(
P
W
M
)
a
nd
maximum
powe
r
poi
nt
tr
a
c
king
(
M
P
P
T
)
[
16
]
.
2.
3
.
B
at
t
e
r
y
an
d
b
at
t
e
r
y
c
h
ar
ge
r
T
he
s
pe
c
if
ica
ti
ons
of
thi
s
ba
tt
e
r
y
a
r
e
:
volt
a
ge
is
6
V,
c
a
pa
c
it
y
is
2.
8
Ah.
T
he
ba
tt
e
r
y
c
ha
r
ging
thr
ough
AC
mains
by
us
ing
c
ha
r
ge
r
.
T
he
ba
tt
e
r
y
c
ha
r
ge
r
c
ir
c
uit
diagr
a
m
is
p
r
e
s
e
nted
in
F
igur
e
2.
M
a
inl
y,
thi
s
c
ir
c
uit
c
ons
is
ts
of
one
s
tep
-
down
tr
a
ns
f
or
mer
,
r
e
c
ti
f
ier
br
idge,
f
il
ter
,
e
tc
[
17
,
18]
.
F
igur
e
2.
B
a
tt
e
r
y
c
ha
r
ge
r
c
ir
c
uit
2.
4.
F
M
r
e
c
e
iver
F
M
r
e
c
e
iver
is
a
n
e
lec
tr
onic
de
vice
that
r
e
c
e
ives
r
a
dio
wa
ve
s
a
nd
c
onve
r
ts
the
inf
o
r
mation
c
a
r
r
ied
by
them
to
a
us
a
ble
f
o
r
m
[
19]
.
An
a
ntenna
is
us
e
d
to
c
a
tch
the
de
s
ir
e
d
f
r
e
que
nc
y
wa
ve
s
.
T
he
r
e
c
e
iver
us
e
s
e
lec
tr
onic
f
il
ter
s
to
s
e
pa
r
a
te
the
de
s
ir
e
d
r
a
dio
f
r
e
que
nc
y
s
ignal
f
r
om
a
ll
other
s
ignals
picke
d
up
by
the
a
ntenna
[
20]
.
2.
5
.
M
ai
n
li
g
h
t
M
a
in
li
ght
c
ontains
thr
e
e
s
e
ts
a
nd
e
a
c
h
s
e
t
c
ons
is
ts
of
s
ix
L
E
D
li
ghts
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igu
r
e
3
.
E
a
c
h
L
E
D
li
ght
r
a
ti
ng
is
4
V
DC
,
thes
e
L
E
Ds
a
r
e
c
onne
c
ted
in
pa
r
a
ll
e
l.
I
l
lum
ination
leve
l
c
a
n
be
va
r
ied
a
s
r
e
quir
e
d
by
us
ing
c
ontr
ol
va
r
iable
[
21
]
.
L
E
D
is
a
s
e
mi
c
onduc
tor
li
ght
s
our
c
e
that
e
mi
ts
l
ight
whe
n
c
ur
r
e
nt
f
lows
thr
ough
it
.
E
lec
tr
ons
in
the
s
e
mi
c
onduc
tor
r
e
c
ombi
ne
with
e
lec
tr
on
holes
,
r
e
lea
s
ing
e
ne
r
gy
in
the
f
or
m
of
photons
.
T
his
e
f
f
e
c
t
is
c
a
ll
e
d
e
lec
tr
o
lum
ines
c
e
nc
e
[
22]
.
F
igur
e
3.
M
a
in
li
ght
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
s
ign
and
de
v
e
lopme
nt
of
s
mar
t
e
me
r
ge
nc
y
li
ght
(
S.
N
ar
as
imha
)
361
3.
DE
S
I
GN
AN
D
AN
AL
YSI
S
T
he
ins
tr
uments
us
e
d
to
de
s
ign
the
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ght
a
r
e
wood
pa
r
ts
,
s
c
r
e
ws
,
f
lex
gum,
c
onne
c
ti
ng
wir
e
s
,
s
olar
pa
ne
l,
c
ha
r
ge
c
ontr
oll
e
r
,
b
a
tt
e
r
y,
volum
e
a
djus
ter
,
li
gh
t
int
e
ns
it
y
va
r
iac
a
nd
c
ha
r
ging
por
t
[
23]
.
S
mar
t
e
me
r
ge
nc
y
li
ght
c
a
n
be
de
s
igned
by
woode
n
plate
s
a
s
f
oll
ows
:
he
ight
of
the
plate
is
25
c
m,
width
of
top
a
nd
bott
om
s
ide
15
c
m
,
a
r
e
a
of
th
e
bo
tt
om
a
nd
top
plate
s
is
(
15
*15
c
m)
,
a
r
e
a
of
f
our
s
ides
plate
s
is
(
25
*15
c
m)
,
a
r
e
a
of
th
r
e
e
s
ides
of
main
li
ght
is
(
8.
5
*2
c
m)
,
a
r
e
a
of
F
M
dim
e
ns
ions
is
(
8.
5
*2
c
m)
,
a
r
e
a
o
f
tor
c
h
li
ght
is
π
r
2
=
π
(
1.
5)
2
,
a
r
e
a
o
f
s
witch
c
utt
ing
is
(
2
*1
c
m)
,
a
r
e
a
of
main
l
ight
va
r
iac
a
nd
volum
e
a
djus
ter
is
π
r
2
=
π
(
0.
4)
2
,
a
r
e
a
of
c
ha
r
ging
por
t
is
π
r
2
=
π
(
0.
4)
2
,
a
r
e
a
of
s
olar
a
da
pter
por
t
is
π
r
2
=
π
(
0.
5
)
2
,
number
of
s
c
r
e
ws
a
r
e
18
with
a
r
e
a
of
π
r
2
=
π
(
0.
2)
2
,
c
ha
r
ge
c
ont
r
oll
e
r
indi
c
a
tor
a
r
e
a
is
(
4
*1
c
m
)
,
a
nd
a
r
e
a
of
de
s
i
gne
d
ha
ndle
is
(
36
*3
c
m)
[
24]
.
F
igur
e
4
s
hows
the
f
r
on
t
a
nd
top
view
s
of
de
ve
loped
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
g
ht.
F
r
ont
s
ide
ha
s
F
M
r
e
c
e
iver
,
USB
po
r
t,
F
M
c
ha
nne
l
a
dj
us
ter
a
nd
main
li
ght
s
e
c
ond
s
ide
view
.
T
op
view
ha
s
s
olar
pa
ne
l
a
nd
ha
ndle.
F
igur
e
4.
F
r
on
t
a
nd
top
view
s
of
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ght
4.
T
E
S
T
I
NG
AN
D
RE
S
UL
T
AN
AL
YSI
S
T
his
s
e
c
ti
on
p
r
e
s
e
ts
the
tes
ti
ng
a
nd
r
e
s
ult
s
of
wor
king
of
r
e
a
l
ti
me
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ght
.
He
r
e
,
va
r
ious
loads
li
ke
main
l
ight
,
F
M
r
e
c
e
iver
,
to
r
c
h
li
ght
,
e
tc.
,
ge
ts
s
upply
f
r
om
ba
tt
e
r
y
[
25]
.
T
he
ba
tt
e
r
y
c
a
n
be
r
e
c
ha
r
ge
a
ble.
T
his
ba
tt
e
r
y
c
a
n
be
c
ha
r
ge
d
by
va
r
ious
s
our
c
e
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
s
olar
e
ne
r
gy
a
nd
AC
mains
s
upply.
I
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
5
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
tes
ts
a
r
e
pe
r
f
or
med
a
nd
th
e
y
a
r
e
dis
c
us
s
e
d
a
s
f
oll
ows
:
4.
1.
T
e
s
t
1
:
il
lu
m
in
a
t
ion
t
e
s
t
F
ig
ur
e
5
de
picts
the
pictur
e
s
il
lum
ination
tes
t
on
main
li
ght.
He
r
e
,
i
t
pr
ovides
the
r
e
s
ult
s
of
e
mer
ge
nc
y
il
lum
ination
tes
t
[
26]
.
T
he
il
lum
ina
ti
on
tes
t
wa
s
c
onduc
ted
in
the
mos
t
c
ons
e
r
va
t
ive
tes
t
c
onf
igur
a
ti
on
pos
s
ibl
e
,
i.
e
.
,
with
one
ti
me
li
ghts
O
N
a
nd
a
nothe
r
ti
me
li
ghts
OFF
.
W
e
be
li
e
ve
the
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ghti
ng
leve
ls
on
the
c
ontr
ol
r
oom
be
nc
h
boa
r
d
t
o
be
a
de
qua
te.
How
e
ve
r
,
we
a
r
e
c
onti
nuing
to
in
ve
s
ti
ga
te
pos
s
ibl
e
opti
ons
f
or
im
pr
oving
the
li
gh
ti
ng
leve
ls
unde
r
thi
s
s
c
e
na
r
io.
T
he
number
o
f
L
E
D
s
our
c
e
s
t
e
s
ted
i
n
thi
s
c
a
s
e
a
r
e
6
L
E
Ds
in
th
r
e
e
pa
r
a
ll
e
l
s
e
ts
.
L
E
Ds
br
ight
ne
s
s
c
a
n
be
va
r
ied
by
c
ont
r
oll
ing
li
ght
int
e
ns
it
y
a
djus
ter
or
il
lum
ination
leve
l
va
r
iac
with
f
ive
r
e
s
is
tor
s
c
onne
c
ted
in
s
e
r
ies
,
a
nd
thi
s
va
r
ia
c
c
ir
c
uit
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
6.
T
he
b
r
ight
ne
s
s
of
L
E
D
l
ight
c
a
n
be
incr
e
a
s
e
d
by
r
e
movi
ng
the
r
e
s
is
tor
s
one
by
one
,
by
c
ha
nging
the
va
r
iac
.
L
E
Ds
a
r
e
s
uppli
e
d
thr
ough
ba
tt
e
r
y
s
our
c
e
.
F
igur
e
5.
I
l
lum
ination
tes
t
on
main
l
ight
F
igur
e
6.
I
l
lum
ination
leve
l
of
va
r
iac
c
ir
c
uit
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
358
-
364
362
4.
2
.
T
e
s
t
2
:
t
or
c
h
li
gh
t
t
e
s
t
T
he
c
ir
c
uit
of
to
r
c
h
li
ght
tes
t
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
7
a
nd
it
is
c
onduc
ted
by
c
hoos
ing
the
s
uit
a
ble
r
a
ti
ng
of
L
E
D
li
ght
to
ba
r
e
the
4
V
ba
tt
e
r
y
c
a
pa
c
it
y.
T
or
c
h
li
ght
4.
5
V
r
a
ti
ng
L
E
D
is
c
hos
e
n,
a
nd
i
t
c
a
n
be
c
onne
c
ted
to
ba
tt
e
r
y
th
r
ough
s
witch
s
e
r
ies
with
i
t.
He
r
e
,
the
f
e
a
tur
e
s
a
r
e
ve
r
i
f
ied
a
nd
tes
ted
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ull
y
[
27]
.
F
igur
e
7.
T
o
r
c
h
li
ght
tes
t
4.
3
.
T
e
s
t
3
:
F
M
r
e
c
e
iver
t
e
s
t
I
n
thi
s
c
a
s
e
,
f
our
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
tes
ts
a
r
e
c
onduc
ted,
a
nd
they
a
r
e
:
volum
e
tes
t,
c
ha
nne
l
va
r
ying
tes
t,
r
e
mot
e
c
ontr
ol
tes
t
a
nd
s
ignal
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng
tes
t
(
a
nte
nna
)
[
28]
.
T
he
c
i
r
c
uit
of
F
M
r
e
c
e
iver
tes
t
is
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
F
igur
e
8.
E
a
r
li
e
r
two
tes
ts
a
r
e
c
onduc
ted
by
c
onn
e
c
ti
ng
a
udio
a
mpl
if
ie
r
a
long
with
s
pe
a
ke
r
to
ba
tt
e
r
y
with
F
M
r
e
c
e
iver
modul
e
,
a
nd
a
bs
or
be
d
the
volum
e
c
le
a
r
a
nc
e
a
nd
s
tation
c
ha
nging.
T
he
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
a
nge
obs
e
r
ve
d
is
f
r
om
(
88
-
108)
M
Hz
[
29]
.
Volu
me
a
nd
s
tation
c
ha
nge
d
by
s
tation
a
djus
tor
a
nd
r
e
mot
e
c
ontr
ol
.
S
ignal
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng
tes
t
c
a
n
be
tes
ted
by
40
c
m
s
mall
a
ntenna
wir
e
,
c
onne
c
ted
to
s
ignal
por
t
of
r
e
c
e
iver
mo
dule
a
nd
it
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
9
.
F
igur
e
8.
F
M
r
e
c
e
iver
tes
t
F
igur
e
9.
Ante
nna
tes
t
4.
4
.
T
e
s
t
4
:
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
c
h
ar
gin
g
t
e
s
t
B
a
tt
e
r
y
c
ha
r
ging
c
a
n
be
done
by
us
ing
two
wa
ys
,
i.
e
.
,
a
da
pter
a
nd
s
olar
pa
ne
l.
One
by
c
onne
c
ti
ng
AC
mains
c
ha
r
ging
por
t
to
c
ha
r
ge
ind
ica
ti
ng
li
gh
t
with
s
mall
r
e
s
is
tanc
e
a
nd
to
ba
tt
e
r
y
a
nd
a
nother
by
s
olar
pa
ne
l
thr
ough
c
ha
r
ge
c
ontr
oll
e
r
to
ba
tt
e
r
y
[
30
]
.
C
h
a
r
ging
of
ba
tt
e
r
y
thr
ough
AC
mains
indi
c
a
ted
by
c
ha
r
ge
indi
c
a
ti
ng
L
E
D
li
ght
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igu
r
e
10
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
s
ign
and
de
v
e
lopme
nt
of
s
mar
t
e
me
r
ge
nc
y
li
ght
(
S.
N
ar
as
imha
)
363
4.
5.
T
e
s
t
5
:
USB
t
e
s
t
USB
tes
ti
ng
is
s
hown
in
F
igu
r
e
11
,
a
nd
th
is
tes
t
in
c
ludes
the
f
oll
owing:
−
I
t
c
a
n
be
tes
ted
to
pr
oduc
e
s
ounds
by
ins
e
r
ti
ng
pe
n
dr
ive.
−
I
t
c
a
n
be
tes
ted
f
or
mobi
le
c
ha
r
ging
thr
ough
c
a
ble.
−
I
t
c
a
n
be
tes
ted
to
dr
ive
the
USB
f
a
n
a
nd
USB
li
gh
t.
−
Above
the
USB
por
t
ha
ve
mi
c
r
o
S
D
s
lot
a
nd
e
a
r
ph
one
c
a
ble
por
t.
W
or
king
of
thes
e
por
ts
a
r
e
a
ls
o
tes
t
e
d.
F
igur
e
10.
B
a
tt
e
r
y
c
ha
r
ging
tes
t
F
igur
e
11.
USB
tes
t
5.
CONC
L
USI
ONS
I
n
thi
s
wor
k
,
a
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ght
is
de
s
igned
a
nd
de
ve
loped,
a
nd
it
is
tes
ted
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ull
y,
a
nd
v
e
r
if
ied
a
ll
the
f
e
a
tur
e
s
of
it
.
S
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ght
is
de
s
igned
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ull
y
a
nd
tes
ted
in
r
e
a
l
ti
me
e
nvir
onment
with
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
f
e
a
tur
e
s
li
ke
ba
tt
e
r
y
c
ha
r
ging
by
s
olar
pa
ne
l
a
nd
AC
mains
,
main
L
E
D
li
ght,
F
M
r
a
dio,
USB
c
ha
r
ging
,
mus
ic
by
memor
y
c
a
r
d,
to
r
c
h
li
ght,
mi
n
i
USB
f
a
n
a
nd
USB
li
ght
,
e
tc.
T
he
d
e
ve
loped
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
li
ght
is
s
uit
a
ble
in
many
a
r
e
a
s
s
uc
h
a
s
home
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
,
indus
tr
ies
,
a
gr
icultur
a
l
s
e
c
tor
a
nd
s
hops
,
e
tc.
M
a
inl
y,
it
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
f
or
the
f
a
r
mer
s
,
who
c
a
n
s
pe
nd
ti
me
in
r
e
mot
e
a
r
e
a
s
,
night
ti
me
wor
ke
r
s
a
nd
pr
otec
t
the
f
ields
f
r
o
m
yield
a
nim
a
ls
li
ke
pe
a
c
oc
ks
.
T
he
a
dva
ntage
of
thi
s
s
mar
t
e
mer
ge
nc
y
lamp
is
that
it
ha
s
no
r
unning
c
os
t
a
nd
ha
s
low
ini
ti
a
l
c
os
t.
AC
KNOWL
E
DGE
M
E
NT
S
T
his
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
wor
k
ha
s
be
e
n
c
a
r
r
ied
out
ba
s
e
d
on
the
s
uppor
t
of
“
W
oos
ong
Unive
r
s
it
y
's
Ac
a
de
mi
c
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
F
unding
(
2019
-
2020)
”
a
nd
“
T
KR
C
oll
e
ge
of
E
nginee
r
ing
a
nd
T
e
c
hnology's
Ac
a
de
mi
c
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
F
unding
(
2019
-
2020)
.
”
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
Su
n
g
W
.
T
.
,
L
i
n
.
J
.
S.
,
“
D
es
i
g
n
a
n
d
Im
p
l
eme
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
Smart
L
E
D
L
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
Sy
s
t
em
U
s
i
n
g
a
Sel
f
A
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
W
ei
g
h
t
ed
D
a
t
a
Fu
s
i
o
n
A
l
g
o
ri
t
h
m,
”
S
e
n
s
o
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
13
,
n
o
.
1
2
,
pp.
1
6
9
1
5
-
1
6
9
3
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
A
l
o
n
s
o
J
.
M
.
,
D
i
az
J
.
,
Bl
an
co
C
.
,
an
d
Ri
co
M.
A
.,
“
Smart
-
L
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
E
merg
e
n
cy
Bal
l
as
t
fo
r
Fl
u
o
res
ce
n
t
L
amp
s
Bas
ed
o
n
Mi
cro
c
o
n
t
ro
l
l
er
,
”
P
r
o
cee
d
i
n
g
s
E
i
g
h
t
h
A
n
n
u
a
l
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
P
o
we
r
E
l
ec
t
r
o
n
i
cs
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
a
n
d
E
x
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
,
Sa
n
D
i
e
g
o
,
CA
,
U
S
A
,
p
p
.
5
4
9
-
5
5
5
,
1
9
9
3
.
[3
]
Pi
n
t
o
R
.
A
.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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18
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1
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:
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364
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0
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.
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.
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.
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