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1.
I
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RO
D
UCT
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C
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p
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wir
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p
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s
ity
o
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m
u
ltip
l
e
p
ar
ties
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
Mo
d
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n
co
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p
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r
atio
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tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
ar
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f
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[
3
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[
4
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T
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6
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7
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I
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tead
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p
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is
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b
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a
r
elay
n
o
d
e.
Af
ter
r
ec
eiv
in
g
AFR
,
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
en
d
s
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
es
with
a
s
elec
t
-
f
o
r
-
r
elay
(
SF
R
)
m
ess
ag
e.
T
h
en
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
tter
af
ter
r
ec
eiv
in
g
AFR
an
d
S
FR
is
n
o
tifie
d
o
f
t
h
e
r
elay
n
o
d
e
an
d
ca
n
s
tar
t
s
e
n
d
in
g
p
a
y
lo
ad
d
ata.
I
t
will
s
e
n
d
th
e
d
ata
with
th
e
n
o
d
e
R
i a
s
co
o
p
e
r
ativ
e
r
elay
t
o
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
Ou
r
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
f
o
r
m
u
late
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
ela
y
in
g
s
ce
n
a
r
io
s
wh
er
e
we
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
o
m
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
th
at
ca
n
ac
h
ie
v
e
r
ea
lis
tic
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
.
W
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
s
u
b
-
o
p
tim
al
p
o
wer
allo
ca
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
a
t
th
e
c
o
o
p
er
ativ
e
p
at
h
to
h
el
p
d
er
i
v
in
g
th
e
ef
f
icien
t
s
tr
at
eg
y
o
f
f
o
r
war
d
in
g
r
ec
eiv
in
g
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
t
o
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
an
d
wo
u
ld
a
ch
iev
e
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
o
f
N+
1
.
W
e
also
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
p
ac
k
et
er
r
o
r
r
ate
(
PER)
o
n
th
e
en
er
g
y
an
d
we
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
co
n
d
itio
n
al
am
p
lify
-
an
d
-
f
o
r
war
d
(
C
AF)
s
ch
em
e
s
in
clu
d
in
g
:
1
)
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
b
ased
d
esti
n
atio
n
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
ch
em
e
,
2
)
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
b
ased
R
T
S/
C
T
S
m
es
s
ag
es
s
ch
em
e
,
3
)
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
b
ased
id
en
tific
atio
n
m
ess
ag
es
(
I
DM
)
tab
le
s
ch
em
e
,
an
d
4
)
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
b
ased
r
elay
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
s
ch
em
e
to
o
p
tim
ize
PER an
d
m
ax
im
ize
th
e
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
E
x
p
lain
in
g
r
esear
ch
h
is
to
r
ica
lly
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
,
r
esear
c
h
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
(
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
Ps
eu
d
o
co
d
e
o
r
o
th
er
)
,
h
o
w
to
test
an
d
d
ata
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
[1
]
-
[
3]
.
T
h
e
d
escr
ip
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
o
f
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
,
s
o
th
e
ex
p
lan
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
p
ted
s
cien
tific
ally
[2
]
,
[
4]
.
Pas
t
r
esear
ch
es
in
c
o
o
p
e
r
ativ
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
a
r
e
m
ajo
r
ly
b
ased
o
n
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
as
r
elay
s
as
in
[
8
]
-
[
12
]
.
B
lets
as
et
a
l
.
in
[
13
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
th
e
id
ea
o
f
r
elay
in
g
s
elec
tio
n
in
wh
ich
o
n
ly
th
e
o
p
tim
al
s
in
g
le
r
elay
is
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
ass
is
tin
g
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
L
ater
in
[
14
]
,
B
er
es
an
d
Ad
v
e
p
r
esen
t
an
o
th
er
r
elay
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
f
s
elec
tio
n
k
n
o
wn
as
“selectio
n
co
o
p
er
atio
n
”
th
a
t
f
o
cu
s
o
n
d
ec
o
d
e
-
an
d
-
f
o
r
war
d
(
DF)
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
W
h
ile,
Ma
d
a
n
et
a
l.
[
15
]
s
tu
d
y
c
o
o
p
er
ativ
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
r
elay
s
elec
ti
o
n
s
ch
e
m
e
u
s
in
g
AF
o
r
DF
p
r
o
to
co
ls
o
v
e
r
R
ay
leig
h
f
ad
in
g
ch
an
n
el,
th
e
y
claim
ed
th
at
t
h
e
r
elay
s
ar
e
p
er
f
ec
tly
r
eg
en
er
ate
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
an
s
f
er
r
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
ev
en
if
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
-
to
-
r
elay
lin
k
s
m
ay
wo
r
k
at
a
p
r
ed
e
f
in
ed
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
b
it
er
r
o
r
(
B
E
P).
Si
n
ce
,
it
is
k
n
o
wn
t
h
at
AF
is
co
n
s
tr
ain
e
d
b
y
n
o
is
e
am
p
lific
atio
n
.
W
h
ile
DF
lim
ited
b
y
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
,
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e
a
s
elec
tio
n
b
etwe
en
AF
an
d
DF
m
ay
b
e
s
u
f
f
icien
t
in
te
r
m
o
f
s
y
m
b
o
l
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
.
I
b
r
ah
im
et
a
l.
[
16
]
h
av
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
t
o
co
l
b
etwe
en
AF
an
d
d
ir
ec
t
-
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
(
AF
-
DT
)
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
as
well
th
e
f
ix
ed
AF
an
d
DF
r
elay
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
.
W
h
ile
Kad
h
im
[
17
]
p
r
esen
t
th
at
in
ca
s
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
-
r
ela
y
lin
k
c
o
ef
f
icie
n
ts
ar
e
b
elo
w
a
ce
r
tain
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
,
th
e
r
elay
is
s
till
id
le.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
[
18
]
an
a
ly
ze
d
an
d
ev
alu
ated
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
co
o
p
e
r
ativ
e
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
o
r
AF
m
o
d
e
o
v
er
th
e
f
a
d
in
g
c
h
an
n
e
ls
wh
er
e
th
ese
ch
an
n
els
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
an
d
n
o
n
-
id
en
tical
(
i.n
.
i)
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
ac
h
iev
ed
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
u
p
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
r
elay
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
im
p
a
ct
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
ac
ce
s
s
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
is
o
b
tain
ed
u
s
in
g
C
DF
f
o
r
th
e
w
h
o
le
SNR
at
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
n
,
d
ef
in
ed
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ate
b
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
AF
r
elay
in
g
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
er
iv
e
th
e
PDF
o
f
t
h
e
wh
o
le
SNR
s
o
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
ca
n
b
e
ca
lc
u
lated
.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
s
o
f
[
19
]
,
[
20
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
to
u
s
e
an
ad
ap
tiv
e
d
ec
o
d
e
-
an
d
-
f
o
r
war
d
(
DF)
r
elay
in
g
t
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
u
p
lin
k
c
o
o
p
er
ativ
e
wir
eless
co
o
p
er
ati
v
e
s
y
s
tem
s
o
v
er
f
ad
in
g
ch
a
n
n
els.
T
h
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
f
o
r
a
m
u
lti
-
r
elay
s
y
s
tem
with
b
est
r
elay
s
e
lectio
n
s
ch
em
e
was
d
er
iv
ed
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
is
d
o
n
e
with
th
e
m
o
m
en
t
-
g
e
n
er
atin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
MG
F)
f
o
r
th
e
to
tal
SNR
at
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
d
e
n
s
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
C
DF)
is
also
d
o
n
e.
T
h
en
th
e
asy
m
p
to
tic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
at
h
ig
h
SN
R
was
ex
am
in
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ac
h
iev
a
b
le
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
g
ain
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t sy
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
wo
r
k
o
f
[
21
]
e
v
alu
ated
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
n
etwo
r
k
s
u
s
in
g
AF
r
elay
in
g
m
o
d
e
o
v
e
r
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
an
d
n
o
n
-
id
e
n
tical
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
els
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
’
s
er
r
o
r
r
a
te
an
d
th
e
o
u
ta
g
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
il
ity
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
u
s
in
g
M
GF
as
well
a
s
C
D
F
an
d
PDF
o
f
th
e
to
tal
s
ig
n
al
-
to
n
o
is
e
-
r
ati
o
(
SNR
)
at
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
p
r
o
v
e
d
th
at
th
e
d
er
iv
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
’
s
er
r
o
r
r
ate
an
d
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
ar
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
lo
we
r
b
o
u
n
d
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
at
m
id
d
le
an
d
h
ig
h
SNR
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
c
o
n
s
id
e
r
ed
Ma
x
im
al
R
atio
C
o
m
b
in
in
g
at
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
with
AF
r
elay
in
g
to
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
o
b
tain
th
e
ex
ac
t
er
r
o
r
r
a
te
an
d
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
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KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
iffer
en
t rela
y
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
eme
s
fo
r
imp
r
o
vin
g
th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
… (
Dh
ey
a
a
J
a
s
im
K
a
d
h
im
)
1109
T
o
r
ab
i
et
a
l.
[
22
]
p
r
esen
ted
th
e
an
aly
s
is
an
d
ev
alu
atio
n
f
o
r
c
o
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
n
et
wo
r
k
s
with
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
em
e
o
v
er
R
ay
l
eig
h
f
ad
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
g
av
e
a
n
aly
tical
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
cu
m
u
lativ
e
d
en
s
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
C
DF)
,
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
d
en
s
ity
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
PDF)
an
d
th
e
m
o
m
en
t
g
en
er
atin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
(
MG
F)
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
-
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
ig
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
d
el
u
n
d
er
c
o
n
s
id
er
ati
o
n
f
o
r
in
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
id
en
tical
(
i.i.
d
)
an
d
n
o
n
-
id
e
n
tically
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
(
i.n
.
d
)
f
ad
in
g
ch
an
n
els.
T
h
en
th
ese
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
t
o
o
b
tain
lo
wer
b
o
u
n
d
clo
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
er
r
o
r
r
ate
(
SER),
th
e
o
u
tag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
(
Po
u
t)
,
an
d
a
n
u
p
p
e
r
b
o
u
n
d
clo
s
ed
f
o
r
m
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
ch
a
n
n
el
ca
p
ac
ity
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
th
e
n
u
m
er
ical
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
th
e
m
a
th
em
atica
l
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
is
u
s
ed
to
g
et
th
e
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
tates,
th
en
th
e
s
e
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
ar
e
ev
alu
ated
an
d
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
f
o
r
b
o
th
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
i
d
en
tical
(
i.i.
d
)
an
d
non
-
id
e
n
tically
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
(
i.n
.
d
)
f
ad
i
n
g
lin
k
s
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
it
is
ex
p
lain
ed
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
r
esear
c
h
an
d
at
t
h
e
s
am
e
tim
e
is
g
iv
en
th
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
R
esu
lts
ca
n
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
f
ig
u
r
es,
g
r
ap
h
s
,
tab
les
an
d
o
th
er
s
t
h
at
m
ak
e
th
e
r
ea
d
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
ea
s
ily
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
i
n
s
ev
er
al
s
u
b
-
ch
ap
ter
s
.
W
ir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
is
a
r
ea
lis
tic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
c
o
o
p
er
at
io
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
f
o
r
s
p
atial
d
iv
er
s
ity
s
y
s
tem
s
,
wh
er
eb
y
th
e
a
n
ten
n
as
ar
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
in
th
e
n
ex
t h
o
s
ts
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
in
s
p
ac
e
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
o
u
r
ce
an
ten
n
a
o
r
r
ec
eiv
er
in
tr
ad
itio
n
al
s
p
atial
d
iv
er
s
ity
s
y
s
tem
s
s
u
ch
as
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
s
y
s
tem
s
th
at
g
r
ea
tly
en
h
an
ce
d
iv
er
s
ity
g
ain
s
.
W
ir
eless
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
l
ev
er
ag
ed
to
e
x
p
lo
it
t
h
e
s
p
atial
d
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
n
o
d
es
to
m
ax
im
ize
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
wir
eless
b
an
d
wid
th
an
d
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
wir
eless
s
er
v
ices.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
wir
ele
s
s
s
tatio
n
s
ca
n
tak
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
m
e
s
s
ag
es
to
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
t
o
s
p
r
e
ad
th
e
s
am
e
s
ig
n
als
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
ltip
le
p
ath
s
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
L
et’
s
co
n
s
id
er
th
at
o
u
r
wir
el
ess
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
n
etwo
r
k
m
o
d
el
co
n
s
titu
tes
f
r
o
m
a
s
o
u
r
c
e
(
S)
n
o
d
e
wh
ich
tr
an
s
m
its
a
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
(
D)
n
o
d
e
v
i
a
th
e
co
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
N
r
el
ay
n
o
d
es
wh
er
ea
s
(
i
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
…,
N
)
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
W
e
ass
u
m
e
ea
ch
r
elay
n
o
d
e
at
o
u
r
n
etwo
r
k
m
o
d
el
attac
h
ed
with
a
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
a
an
d
we
ass
u
m
e
also
th
at
all
r
elay
n
o
d
es
h
a
v
e
to
wo
r
k
in
h
alf
d
u
p
lex
m
o
d
e,
an
d
th
e
n
let
h
SD
,
h
SR
an
d
h
RD
ar
e
th
e
ch
an
n
el
c
o
ef
f
icien
ts
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
t
o
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e,
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e
to
r
elay
n
o
d
e
a
n
d
f
o
r
m
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
n
o
d
e
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Ma
n
y
s
ch
em
es
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
o
f
co
o
p
er
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
f
am
o
u
s
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
o
r
s
y
s
tem
s
su
ch
as
am
p
lify
an
d
f
o
r
war
d
(
AF)
r
elay
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a
)
,
d
ec
o
d
e
an
d
f
o
r
war
d
(
DF
)
r
elay
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
a
n
d
co
m
p
r
ess
an
d
f
o
r
war
d
(
C
F)
r
elay
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c
)
,
th
e
C
F
r
e
lay
in
g
s
ch
em
es
ar
e
n
o
ticed
to
th
e
ca
s
es
wh
ich
th
e
r
elay
s
f
o
r
war
d
q
u
an
tized
,
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
o
r
esti
m
ated
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
its
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
[
2
8
]
-
[
3
0
]
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Dif
f
e
r
en
t a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es o
f
r
elay
co
o
p
er
atio
n
:
(
a
)
am
p
l
if
y
an
d
f
o
r
war
d
s
y
s
tem
(
AF)
,
(
b
)
d
ec
o
d
e
a
n
d
f
o
r
war
d
s
y
s
te
m
(
DF)
,
an
d
(
c)
co
m
p
r
ess
an
d
f
o
r
war
d
s
y
s
tem
(
C
F)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
1
0
7
-
1
1
1
7
1110
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
RE
L
AY
SE
L
E
CT
I
O
N
S
CH
E
M
E
S
C
o
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
with
o
u
t
th
e
n
ee
d
to
im
p
lem
en
t
m
u
ltip
le
an
ten
n
as
o
n
s
m
all
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ter
m
i
n
als.
B
y
u
tili
zin
g
r
elay
s
as
v
ir
tu
al
an
ten
n
as
b
etwe
en
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
d
esti
n
ati
o
n
th
e
f
u
ll
d
iv
er
s
ity
is
ac
h
iev
ed
.
C
o
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
is
a
co
o
p
er
atio
n
with
v
ir
tu
al
an
ten
n
as
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
,
n
etwo
r
k
ca
p
ac
ities
.
I
n
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
th
e
cir
clin
g
n
o
d
s
ac
t
a
s
r
elay
s
to
ass
i
s
t
in
f
o
r
war
d
in
g
th
e
d
ata
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
an
d
s
o
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
f
u
ll
d
iv
er
s
ity
.
R
elay
s
elec
tio
n
a
lg
o
r
ith
m
s
ca
n
b
e
ac
c
o
m
p
lis
h
ed
b
y
ass
is
tin
g
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es
ca
lled
r
ela
y
s
.
At
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
d
etec
ts
th
e
to
tal
d
ata
f
r
o
m
all
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
als
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
r
elay
n
o
d
es;
wi
th
th
e
h
elp
o
n
e
o
f
c
o
m
b
in
ati
o
n
r
ela
y
s
elec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
th
at
will
b
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
e
n
ex
t
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
o
u
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
s
ch
em
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
th
at
m
ay
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
iv
e
r
s
ity
g
ain
an
d
th
en
n
etw
o
r
k
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
es
ar
e
in
clu
d
in
g
:
1
)
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
-
b
ased
d
esti
n
atio
n
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
ch
em
e,
2
)
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
b
ased
R
T
S/C
T
S
m
ess
ag
e
s
s
ch
em
e,
3
)
r
el
ay
s
elec
tio
n
-
b
ased
id
en
tific
ati
o
n
m
ess
ag
es
(
I
DM
)
tab
le
s
ch
em
e,
an
d
4
)
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
-
b
ase
d
r
elay
p
o
we
r
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
s
ch
em
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
as
s
h
o
w
n
is
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
d
iag
r
am
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
em
es
wh
ich
p
lay
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
em
e
s
o
as
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
wir
eless
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
n
etwo
r
k
is
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
in
ter
m
s
o
f
ef
f
icien
c
y
m
ax
im
izat
io
n
,
p
ac
k
et
er
r
o
r
r
ate
(
PER)
m
in
im
izatio
n
an
d
b
lo
ck
in
g
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
o
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
s
s
ch
em
es th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
em
es
3
.
1
.
Co
nv
ent
i
o
na
l
re
la
y
s
ele
ct
io
n schem
e
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
we
h
av
e
d
o
n
e
s
o
m
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
th
e
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
r
esear
ch
ar
ea
,
esp
ec
ially
in
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
;
we
aim
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
m
o
d
els
f
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
ef
f
icien
t
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
d
ap
tiv
e
r
ela
y
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
f
o
r
wir
eless
m
u
ltip
le
r
elay
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
an
aly
s
is
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
A
F.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
tep
s
o
f
h
o
w
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
r
ela
y
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
em
e
is
wo
r
k
in
g
:
−
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
(
S)
s
en
d
s
R
T
S (
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a
)
)
.
−
All n
eig
h
b
o
r
i
n
g
n
o
d
es (
r
ela
y
n
o
d
es a
n
d
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
)
will
r
ec
eiv
e
it.
−
T
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
(
D)
s
en
d
s
C
T
S (
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
)
.
−
T
h
e
n
eig
h
b
o
r
i
n
g
n
o
d
es (
r
elay
n
o
d
es a
n
d
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
)
will r
ec
eiv
e
it.
−
E
ac
h
r
elay
n
o
d
e
s
et
a
tim
er
w
ith
an
in
ter
v
al
(
T
i
)
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
ig
n
als
p
o
wer
(
P
s
=RTS
p
o
wer
an
d
P
d
=
C
T
S
p
o
wer
)
,
wh
er
e
T
i
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
in
v
er
s
ely
with
P
s
an
d
P
d
.
th
at
m
ea
n
s
;
T
i
=
ar
g
(
1
/P
s
,
1
/P
d
)
.
W
h
er
e
th
e
n
o
d
e
with
th
e
s
m
allest T
i
is
th
e
b
est ca
n
d
id
ate
as a
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
elay
.
−
Af
ter
T
i
r
ea
ch
es to
ze
r
o
,
th
e
n
o
d
e
R
i
s
en
d
s
AFR
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
c
)
.
−
All n
eig
h
b
o
r
i
n
g
n
o
d
es (
th
e
o
th
er
r
elay
n
o
d
es,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
)
will r
ec
eiv
e
A
FR
.
−
T
h
e
o
th
e
r
r
ela
y
n
o
d
es
will
cl
ea
r
th
eir
tim
e
r
s
,
s
o
th
at
o
n
l
y
th
e
f
ir
s
t
n
o
d
e
(
R
i
)
with
s
m
allest
in
ter
v
al
will
co
o
p
er
ate
as a
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e.
−
Af
ter
r
ec
eiv
in
g
AFR
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
en
d
s
SF
R
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
d
)
)
.
−
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
af
ter
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
AFR
an
d
SF
R
,
th
en
it
will
s
en
d
th
e
d
ata
with
th
e
n
o
d
e
R
i
as
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
elay
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
e
)
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
iffer
en
t rela
y
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
eme
s
fo
r
imp
r
o
vin
g
th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
… (
Dh
ey
a
a
J
a
s
im
K
a
d
h
im
)
1111
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
em
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e:
(
a
)
S sen
d
s
R
T
S,
(
b
)
D
s
en
d
s
C
T
S,
(
c)
R
i sen
d
s
AFR
,
(
d
)
D
s
en
d
s
SF
R
,
an
d
(
e)
S sen
d
s
DAT
A
to
D
3
.
2
.
Rela
y
s
elec
t
io
n
-
ba
s
ed
des
t
ina
t
io
n f
ee
db
a
ck
s
chem
e
I
n
th
is
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
em
e,
th
e
r
elay
c
h
o
ice
s
elec
tio
n
is
d
ec
id
ed
b
y
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
an
d
its
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
’
s
Q
o
S.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
two
m
etr
ics:
p
ac
k
et
e
r
r
o
r
r
at
e
(
PER)
an
d
er
r
o
r
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
(
E
T
V)
,
t
h
is
er
r
o
r
v
alu
e
d
escr
ib
es
th
at
i
f
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
ca
n
r
ec
eiv
e
a
n
d
d
ec
o
d
e
p
ac
k
ets
co
r
r
ec
tly
an
d
q
u
ick
ly
.
So
,
in
th
is
way
th
e
r
elay
ca
n
b
e
s
elec
ted
to
p
ass
th
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
s
o
u
r
ce
to
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
m
o
o
th
ly
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
s
h
o
w
th
e
wo
r
k
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
is
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
em
e
(
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
)
:
−
T
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
es PE
R
f
r
o
m
R
T
S m
ess
ag
e.
−
I
f
PER
<
E
T
V,
th
is
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
ca
n
r
ec
eiv
e
an
d
d
ec
o
d
e
p
ac
k
ets
co
r
r
ec
t
ly
;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
s
en
d
s
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
m
ess
ag
e
(
AC
K
)
.
−
All r
elay
n
o
d
s
will c
lear
th
eir
t
im
er
s
an
d
th
en
s
to
p
th
e
co
o
p
er
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
af
ter
r
ec
eiv
in
g
A
C
K.
−
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
tar
ts
d
ir
ec
t tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
as a
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
to
AC
K.
−
I
f
PER
>
E
T
V,
th
is
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
ca
n
n
o
t
r
ec
eiv
e
an
d
d
ec
o
d
e
p
ac
k
e
ts
c
o
r
r
ec
t
ly
;
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
will select
a
r
elay
b
y
s
en
d
in
g
SF
R
a
s
a
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
AFR
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
elay
s
elec
tio
n
-
b
ase
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
s
ch
em
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
1
0
7
-
1
1
1
7
1112
3
.
3
.
Rela
y
s
elec
t
io
n ba
s
ed
RT
S/C
T
S
m
ess
a
g
es sc
hem
e
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
h
er
e
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
R
T
S
an
d
C
T
S
m
ess
ag
es
at
ea
ch
r
elay
n
o
d
e
co
o
p
er
ated
in
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
g
r
ad
u
ally
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
elay
n
o
d
es
is
r
e
d
u
ce
d
an
d
t
h
en
th
e
co
m
p
eted
n
o
d
es
to
s
er
v
e
as
r
elay
s
ar
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
il
ity
o
f
to
s
elec
t
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
elay
n
o
d
e
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
Ag
ain
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
is
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
e
m
e
is
d
ep
en
d
ed
o
n
PER
an
d
E
T
V
v
alu
es.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
wo
r
k
o
f
th
is
s
ch
em
e
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
to
th
e
f
o
ll
o
win
g
s
tep
s
(
Fig
u
r
e
5
)
:
−
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
R
T
S
an
d
C
T
S,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
elay
n
o
d
es
th
at
co
m
p
eted
f
o
r
co
o
p
er
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
b
e
elim
in
ated
.
−
I
f
a
n
o
d
e
h
as
PER
>
E
T
V
(
er
r
o
r
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e)
f
o
r
a
n
y
o
f
R
T
S
o
r
C
T
S,
th
en
it
will
n
o
t
en
ter
th
e
co
m
p
etitio
n
f
o
r
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
−
Uses
th
is
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
will
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
o
m
p
eted
r
elay
s
,
a
n
d
th
en
eli
m
in
ates
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
n
o
d
e
s
o
v
er
h
ea
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
elay
s
elec
tio
n
b
ase
d
R
T
S/C
T
S m
es
s
ag
es sch
em
e
3
.
4
.
Rela
y
s
elec
t
io
n
-
ba
s
ed
I
DM
t
a
ble schem
e
T
h
is
s
ch
em
e
o
f
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
is
d
ep
e
n
d
ed
o
n
co
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
id
en
tific
atio
n
m
ess
ag
e
(
I
DM
)
tab
le
f
o
r
ea
ch
r
elay
n
o
d
e
(
i.e
.
ea
ch
n
o
d
e
h
as
its
I
DM
tab
le)
.
B
y
t
h
e
w
ay
,
ea
ch
r
elay
n
o
d
e
n
ee
d
s
to
u
p
d
ate
its
I
DM
tab
le
p
er
io
d
ically
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
b
e
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
with
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
c
h
an
g
es
in
clu
d
in
g
i
n
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
ly
jo
in
in
g
o
r
leav
in
g
n
o
d
es.
So
,
th
is
r
ela
y
s
ch
em
e
in
clu
d
es
two
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
(
I
DM
tab
le
c
o
n
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e)
.
W
e
m
u
s
t
p
u
t
in
o
u
r
m
i
n
d
th
is
s
tan
d
ar
d
b
asis
:
I
f
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
c
an
n
o
t o
v
er
h
ea
r
R
T
S
d
u
e
to
its
lo
ca
tio
n
o
u
t o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
an
g
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
r
o
b
s
tacle
s
,
s
o
it c
an
n
o
t sen
d
C
T
S.
3
.
4
.
1
.
I
DM
t
a
ble c
o
ns
t
ruct
io
n pro
ce
du
re
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
I
DM
tab
le
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
f
o
r
wir
eless
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
n
e
two
r
k
s
to
in
clu
d
e
n
ew
u
p
d
ates o
f
r
el
ay
n
o
d
es c
h
an
g
es; we
s
u
p
p
o
s
e
a
s
in
g
le
h
o
p
e
r
elay
c
o
o
p
e
r
atio
n
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
:
−
An
y
n
o
d
e
en
ter
s
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
it will sen
d
I
d
en
tific
atio
n
m
es
s
ag
e
I
DM
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
−
I
DM
m
ess
ag
e
co
n
tain
s
tim
e
s
tam
p
en
tity
.
−
An
y
n
o
d
e
with
in
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
an
g
e
will r
ec
eiv
e
th
is
I
D
M
m
ess
ag
e.
−
E
ac
h
n
o
d
e
h
as its
I
DM
tab
le
th
at
co
n
tain
s
I
DM
an
d
tim
e
s
tam
p
en
titi
es f
o
r
ea
ch
n
eig
h
b
o
r
i
n
g
n
o
d
e.
−
I
DM
tab
le
u
p
d
ate
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
n
ew
I
DM
m
ess
ag
es,
o
r
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t d
ata
tr
a
n
s
f
er
an
d
p
er
i
o
d
ically
.
−
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
t d
ata
tr
a
n
s
f
er
u
p
d
a
te
I
DM
tab
le
i
s
d
o
in
g
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ca
s
es:
a.
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
if
it is
n
eig
h
b
o
r
.
b.
T
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
if
it is
n
eig
h
b
o
r
.
c.
T
h
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
(
r
elay
)
n
o
d
e
if
it is
n
eig
h
b
o
r
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
iffer
en
t rela
y
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
eme
s
fo
r
imp
r
o
vin
g
th
e
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
o
f
… (
Dh
ey
a
a
J
a
s
im
K
a
d
h
im
)
1113
3
.
4
.
2
.
T
ra
ns
m
is
s
io
n pro
ce
d
u
re
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
ca
s
e
o
f
lo
w
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
a
n
g
e,
wh
er
e
th
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
o
r
d
er
,
a
n
d
th
e
n
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
th
at
th
e
d
e
s
tin
atio
n
is
o
u
t
o
f
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
;
t
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
r
elay
n
o
d
e
m
u
s
t
h
av
e
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
c
o
o
p
e
r
atio
n
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
p
r
esen
t t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
i
n
d
etails:
−
T
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
en
d
s
R
T
S to
its
n
eig
h
b
o
r
i
n
g
n
o
d
es (
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a
)
)
.
−
I
f
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
is
with
in
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
e,
it
r
esp
o
n
d
s
b
y
C
T
S
to
s
tar
t
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
−
T
h
e
r
elay
ca
n
d
id
ate
n
o
d
es
en
ter
co
m
p
etitio
n
if
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
is
alr
ea
d
y
in
th
eir
I
DM
tab
les,
an
d
PER <
E
T
V
f
o
r
th
e
R
T
S.
−
E
ac
h
r
elay
n
o
d
e
s
et
a
tim
er
w
ith
an
in
ter
v
al
(
T
i
)
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
d
s
ig
n
al
p
o
wer
(
P
s
=RTS
p
o
wer
)
,
wh
er
e
T
i
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
in
v
er
s
el
y
with
P
s
;
T
i
=
ar
g
(
1
/P
s
)
.
No
te
th
at
th
e
n
o
d
e
with
th
e
s
m
all
est
T
i
is
th
e
b
es
t
ca
n
d
id
ate
as a
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
elay
.
−
Af
ter
T
i
r
ea
ch
es to
ze
r
o
,
th
e
n
o
d
e
R
i
s
en
d
s
AFR
(
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
)
.
−
All n
eig
h
b
o
r
i
n
g
n
o
d
es (
th
e
o
th
er
r
elay
n
o
d
es,
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
)
will r
ec
eiv
e
A
FR
.
−
T
h
e
o
th
e
r
r
ela
y
n
o
d
es
will
cl
ea
r
th
eir
tim
e
r
s
,
s
o
th
at
o
n
l
y
th
e
f
ir
s
t
n
o
d
e
(
R
i
)
with
s
m
allest
in
ter
v
al
will
co
o
p
er
ate
as a
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e.
−
Af
ter
r
ec
eiv
in
g
AFR
,
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
s
en
d
s
C
T
SR
(
C
lear
to
s
en
d
with
r
elay
)
as sh
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
(
c)
.
−
T
h
e
R
i
n
o
d
e
f
o
r
war
d
s
C
T
SR
t
o
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
(
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
d
)
)
.
−
T
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
af
ter
r
ec
eiv
in
g
C
T
SR
,
it
will
s
en
d
th
e
d
ata
with
th
e
n
o
d
e
R
i
as
co
o
p
e
r
ativ
e
r
elay
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
(
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
e)
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
elay
n
o
d
e’
s
I
DM
ta
b
le
u
p
d
ate
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
R
elay
s
elec
tio
n
with
I
DM
T
ab
le
–
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
e:
(
a)
S sen
d
s
R
T
S,
(
b
)
R
i
s
en
d
s
AFR
,
(
c)
D
s
en
d
s
C
T
SR
,
(
d
)
R
i f
o
r
war
d
s
C
T
SR
to
S
,
an
d
(
e)
S sen
d
s
DAT
A
to
D
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
1
0
7
-
1
1
1
7
1114
3
.
5
.
Rela
y
s
elec
t
io
n
-
ba
s
ed
re
la
y
po
wer
co
ns
um
ing
I
n
th
is
s
ch
em
e,
th
e
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
d
ep
en
d
ed
o
n
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
r
elay
p
o
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
in
g
p
er
tim
e
in
ter
v
al
wh
ich
it
will
p
lay
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
ch
o
o
s
in
g
th
e
b
est
ca
n
d
id
ate
r
elay
n
o
d
e
in
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
n
,
t
h
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
r
o
to
co
l
ca
n
h
av
e
m
o
r
e
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
b
y
ta
k
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
two
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
t
h
is
s
ch
em
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e:
−
C
an
d
id
ate
r
elay
n
o
d
es
ca
n
u
s
e
th
eir
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
am
o
u
n
ts
as
m
etr
ics
in
ca
lcu
late
th
eir
tim
er
in
ter
v
als.
−
T
h
e
lo
wer
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
g
et
lo
w
er
tim
er
in
ter
v
al,
an
d
h
a
s
m
o
r
e
ch
an
ce
in
a
co
o
p
er
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
v
alu
atio
n
o
f
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
o
v
er
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
em
es
w
er
e
v
er
y
u
s
ef
u
l
d
u
e
to
its
ea
s
e
o
f
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
a
n
d
a
wi
d
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
r
elay
n
o
d
es
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ca
n
m
o
d
el
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
b
y
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
eh
a
v
io
r
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
el
ay
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
em
es.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
m
o
r
e
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
an
d
h
ig
h
e
r
r
eliab
ilit
y
f
o
r
m
atch
in
g
s
o
m
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
th
e
o
th
er
r
elay
n
o
d
es
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
co
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
m
o
d
el
is
f
am
o
u
s
as
a
g
en
e
r
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
w
h
er
e
m
an
y
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
s
ch
em
es
ar
e
m
o
d
ele
d
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
m
o
d
el
r
elay
n
o
d
e
s
elec
tio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
r
a
n
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
e,
lig
h
t to
n
o
s
elec
tio
n
,
b
y
v
ar
y
in
g
its
s
elec
tio
n
p
ar
am
eter
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
v
e
r
if
y
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
em
es,
we
will
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
to
s
h
o
w
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
es
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tn
ess
.
L
et’
s
co
n
s
id
er
as
a
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
th
e
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
with
I
DM
tab
le
s
ch
em
e
to
b
e
ap
p
ly
in
g
in
t
h
e
co
o
p
e
r
ativ
e
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
wh
ich
it
co
n
s
is
ts
f
r
o
m
1
0
n
o
d
es.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
ap
p
ly
in
g
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
elay
s
elec
tio
n
s
ch
em
e
with
th
is
n
etwo
r
k
:
−
No
d
e
D
en
ter
s
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
,
t
h
en
it sen
d
s
I
DM
m
ess
ag
e
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
a
)
.
−
No
d
es R
1
,
R
2
,
R
3
an
d
R
4
u
p
d
ate
th
eir
I
DM
T
ab
les as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
b
)
.
−
W
h
en
an
y
n
o
d
e
s
u
ch
as S d
ec
id
es to
s
en
d
d
ata
to
n
o
d
e
D,
f
ir
s
tly
,
it sen
d
s
R
T
S.
−
All n
o
d
es with
in
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
an
g
e
will r
ec
eiv
e
R
T
S.
−
D
is
n
o
t in
S tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
an
g
e.
−
On
ly
R
2
an
d
R
3
will e
n
ter
c
o
m
p
etitio
n
f
o
r
co
o
p
er
atio
n
p
r
o
c
ess
.
−
E
ac
h
o
f
R
2
a
n
d
R
3
s
et
a
tim
er
ac
co
r
d
in
g
R
T
S
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
t
h
.
L
et
R
2
’
s
tim
er
=
1
5
µs
an
d
R
3
’
s
tim
er
=1
0
µs a
s
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
c
)
.
−
R
3
tim
er
f
ir
es f
ir
s
t,
th
er
ef
o
r
e
s
en
d
AFR
f
ir
s
t.
−
Af
ter
r
ec
e
iv
es AFR
,
R
2
clea
r
its
tim
er
,
th
en
D
k
n
o
ws th
at
th
er
e
is
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
to
it,
as in
Fig
u
r
e
8
(
d
)
.
−
D
s
en
d
s
C
T
SR
,
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T
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est r
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.
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I
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Y.
Li
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ti
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stra
teg
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wire
les
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p
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,
Z.
Yu
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X.
Wan
g
,
“
Hig
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g
,
Q.
Ch
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.
Ja
m
a
l,
K.
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h
u
m
a
n
K
a
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“
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trac
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[7
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Q.
Ja
b
b
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o
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u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
6
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
7
-
30
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
8
1
7
8
/
ij
fc
c
.
2
0
1
7
.
6
.
1
.
4
8
3
.
[
8
]
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im
a
n
d
S
.
S
.
A
b
e
d
,
“
A
n
e
w
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
o
f
Ve
rti
c
a
l
Ha
n
d
o
ff
in
t
h
e
He
tero
g
e
n
e
o
u
s
Wi
re
l
e
ss
Ne
two
rk
s
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
Ap
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
.
5
7
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
5
1
2
0
/
9
1
3
9
-
3
3
5
6
.
[9
]
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im
a
n
d
O.
A.
Ha
m
a
d
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
in
g
Io
T
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
Us
in
g
a
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
R
o
u
ti
n
g
P
r
o
to
c
o
l
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
50
-
6
2
,
No
v
.
2
0
1
4
.
[1
0
]
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im,
S
.
S
.
Ab
e
d
a
n
d
S
.
Q.
Ja
b
b
a
r,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
Ev
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
AO
DV
Ro
u
ti
n
g
P
ro
t
o
c
o
l
i
n
M
AN
ET
u
sin
g
OPNET
S
imu
lat
o
r
,
”
A
n
b
a
r J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
4
1
-
2
5
7
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
2
.
[1
1
]
S
.
Q.
Ja
b
b
a
r,
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im,
R.
A.
Alji
z
n
a
wi
a
n
d
N.
H.
Alk
h
a
z
a
a
li
,
“
M
o
b
il
it
y
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
R
e
q
u
irem
e
n
ts
f
o
r
Div
e
rse
5
G
Wi
re
les
s
Ne
two
rk
s
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s o
f
t
h
e
3
rd
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
a
n
d
S
e
n
so
r Ne
two
rk
s (W
CS
N
2
0
1
6
)
,
Atlan
ti
s P
re
ss
,
De
c
.
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
2
9
9
1
/
icw
c
sn
-
1
6
.
2
0
1
7
.
1
1
.
[1
2
]
W.
A.
M
a
h
m
o
u
d
a
n
d
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im,
“
A
P
ro
p
o
sa
l
Al
g
o
rit
h
m
to
S
o
lv
e
De
lay
C
o
n
stra
i
n
t
Lea
st
C
o
st
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
P
ro
b
lem
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
-
1
6
0
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
1
3
.
[1
3
]
A.
Bletsa
s,
A.
Kh
isti
,
D.
P
.
Re
e
d
a
n
d
A.
Li
p
p
m
a
n
,
“
A
sim
p
le
c
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
d
i
v
e
rsity
m
e
th
o
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
p
a
th
se
lec
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
n
S
e
lec
ted
Are
a
s
in
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
6
5
9
-
6
7
2
,
M
a
r.
2
0
0
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/j
sa
c
.
2
0
0
5
.
8
6
2
4
1
7
.
[1
4
]
E.
Be
re
s
a
n
d
R
.
Ad
v
e
,
“
On
s
e
lec
ti
o
n
c
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
i
n
d
istri
b
u
t
e
d
n
e
two
r
k
s
,
”
4
0
t
h
A
n
n
u
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
i
n
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
S
c
ien
c
e
s a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
,
IEE
E,
2
0
0
6
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/ciss
.
2
0
0
6
.
2
8
6
6
2
2
.
[1
5
]
R.
M
a
d
a
n
,
N.
M
e
h
ta,
A.
M
o
li
sc
h
a
n
d
J.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
En
e
rg
y
-
e
fficie
n
t
c
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
re
lay
i
n
g
o
v
e
r
fa
d
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
wit
h
sim
p
le
re
lay
se
lec
ti
o
n
,
”
IE
EE
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
0
1
3
-
3
0
2
5
,
Au
g
.
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/t
wc
.
2
0
0
8
.
0
6
0
9
0
.
[1
6
]
A.
S
.
I
b
ra
h
im,
A.
K.
S
a
d
e
k
,
W.
S
u
a
n
d
K.
R.
L
iu
,
“
C
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
with
re
lay
-
se
le
c
ti
o
n
:
w
h
e
n
t
o
c
o
o
p
e
ra
te
a
n
d
w
h
o
m
to
c
o
o
p
e
r
a
te
with
?
,
”
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
8
1
4
-
2
8
2
7
,
Ju
l
.
2
0
0
8
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/t
wc
.
2
0
0
8
.
0
7
0
1
7
6
.
[1
7
]
D.
J.
Ka
d
h
im,
“
P
ro
p
o
sa
l
Alg
o
ri
th
m
s
to
S
o
l
v
e
De
lay
-
Co
n
stra
in
e
d
Ro
u
ti
n
g
P
ro
b
lem
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
6
2
1
-
6
3
1
,
Ap
r.
2
0
0
5
.
[1
8
]
A.
M
e
h
e
m
e
d
a
n
d
W.
Ha
m
o
u
d
a
,
“
AF
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
CDMA
Ou
tag
e
P
ro
b
a
b
il
it
y
An
a
ly
sis
in
Na
k
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
F
a
d
i
n
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Veh
icu
l
a
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
6
2
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
1
6
9
-
1
1
7
6
,
M
a
r.
2
0
1
3
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/t
v
t.
2
0
1
2
.
2
2
2
7
5
7
6
.
[1
9
]
A.
M
e
h
e
m
e
d
a
n
d
W.
Ha
m
o
u
d
a
,
“
As
y
m
p
to
ti
c
o
u
tag
e
p
ro
b
a
b
il
i
ty
f
o
r
Am
p
li
fy
-
a
n
d
-
F
o
rwa
rd
CDM
A
sy
ste
m
s
o
v
e
r
Na
k
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
fa
d
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
,
”
IEE
E
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ve
h
i
c
u
la
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(VT
C
F
a
ll
),
S
e
p
.
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/v
tcfa
ll
.
2
0
1
2
.
6
3
9
9
0
6
4
.
[2
0
]
A.
M
e
h
e
m
e
d
a
n
d
W.
Ha
m
o
u
d
a
,
“
Ou
tag
e
An
a
ly
sis
o
f
C
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
CDMA
S
y
ste
m
s
in
Na
k
a
g
a
m
i
-
F
a
d
in
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls
”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Ve
h
icu
l
a
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
.
6
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
1
8
-
6
2
3
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
2
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/t
v
t.
2
0
1
1
.
2
1
7
8
8
7
0
.
[2
1
]
S
.
Ik
k
i
a
n
d
M
.
H.
Ah
m
e
d
,
“
P
e
r
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
c
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
d
iv
e
rsity
wire
les
s
n
e
two
r
k
s
o
v
e
r
Na
k
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
fa
d
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
,
”
I
EE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
1
1
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
3
4
-
3
3
6
,
A
p
r.
2
0
0
7
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/l
c
o
m
.
2
0
0
7
.
3
4
8
2
9
2
.
[2
2
]
M
.
T
o
ra
b
i,
D.
Ha
c
c
o
u
n
a
n
d
W.
Ajib
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
c
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
d
iv
e
rsity
with
re
lay
se
lec
ti
o
n
o
v
e
r
non
-
id
e
n
ti
c
a
ll
y
d
istri
b
u
ted
li
n
k
s
,
”
IET
,
c
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
9
6
-
6
0
5
,
2
0
1
0
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
0
4
9
/
iet
-
c
o
m
.
2
0
0
9
.
0
5
0
8
.
[2
3
]
R.
Ko
lar,
R.
Jirik
a
n
d
J.
Ja
n
,
“
Esti
m
a
to
r
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
t
h
e
Na
k
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
p
a
ra
m
e
ter
a
n
d
it
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
in
e
c
h
o
c
a
rd
io
g
ra
p
h
y
,
”
R
a
d
i
o
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
J
o
u
rn
a
l,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
-
1
2
,
2
0
0
4
.
[2
4
]
E.
E.
A
d
a
m
,
L.
Y
u
a
n
d
D.
S
a
m
b
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
s
o
f
O
p
ti
m
a
l
P
o
we
r
All
o
c
a
ti
o
n
o
v
e
r
Na
k
a
g
a
m
i
-
m
a
n
d
Ra
y
leig
h
F
a
d
in
g
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls
i
n
Wi
re
les
s
Co
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
S
y
ste
m
s
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
5
0
-
3
5
6
,
2
0
1
4
,
d
o
i:
1
0
.
1
2
7
2
0
/j
c
m
.
9
.
4
.
3
5
0
-
3
5
6
.
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