T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
, V
ol
.
1
7
,
No.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
201
9
, p
p.
26
43
~
26
49
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
,
accr
ed
ited
F
irst
Gr
ad
e b
y K
em
en
r
istekdikti,
Decr
ee
No: 2
1/E/
K
P
T
/20
18
DOI:
10.12928/TE
LK
OM
N
IK
A
.v
1
7
i
5
.
11038
◼
26
43
Rec
ei
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ed
A
ug
us
t
30
,
20
1
8
;
Rev
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F
eb
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ua
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A
c
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e
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n
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o
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o
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a
n
h
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d
tu
.
e
d
u
.v
n
Ab
strac
t
In
o
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r
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fy
t
h
e
m
a
i
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u
rp
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y
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we
p
u
t
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e
n
p
h
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s
p
h
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r
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s
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e
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EDs
s
tru
c
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i
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5
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6
6
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7
7
0
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T
h
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n
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we
f
i
n
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i
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g
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t
th
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i
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e
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c
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n
b
u
t
a
l
s
o
c
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o
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n
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f
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i
ty
.
Sp
e
c
i
fi
c
a
l
l
y
,
th
e
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re
a
t
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r
th
e
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4
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c
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tr
a
ti
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e
g
re
a
te
r
th
e
o
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tp
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o
f
W
L
ED
s
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
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n
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o
f
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n
l
i
g
h
t
c
o
m
p
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e
n
t
i
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ED
s
.
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o
wev
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l
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4
:
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d
s
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l
,
a
s
l
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t
d
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c
re
a
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i
n
c
o
l
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n
d
e
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n
g
i
n
d
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x
(CR
I)
c
a
n
o
c
c
u
r,
w
h
i
c
h
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
M
o
n
te
Carl
o
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
.
I
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
th
e
re
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
th
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
h
a
v
e
c
o
n
tri
b
u
te
d
s
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g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
tl
y
t
o
t
h
e
c
re
a
ti
o
n
o
f
h
i
g
h
e
r
-
p
o
were
d
WL
EDs
.
Key
w
ords
:
c
o
l
o
r
u
n
i
fo
rm
i
ty
,
d
ual
-
l
a
y
e
r
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r,
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
e
ff
i
c
a
c
y
,
M
i
e
-
s
c
a
tt
e
ri
n
g
t
h
e
o
r
y
,
SrBa
Si
O
4
:Eu
2+
Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
9
Uni
v
e
rsi
t
a
s
Ahm
a
d
D
a
hl
a
n.
All
rig
ht
s
r
e
s
e
rve
d
.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
In
r
ec
en
t
t
i
m
es
,
LE
Ds
ha
s
be
en
c
o
ns
i
d
ered
as
a
pro
m
i
s
i
ng
produc
t
i
n
the
f
utu
r
e
o
w
i
ng
to
i
ts
s
up
erio
r
pro
pe
r
t
i
es
f
or
l
i
g
hti
ng
t
ec
hn
o
l
o
g
y
s
uc
h
a
s
hi
gh
i
l
l
um
i
na
ti
on
,
hi
gh
e
n
erg
y
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
,
an
d
l
o
ng
l
i
f
eti
m
es
[1
-
5].
T
he
r
ef
ore,
MC
W
-
LE
Ds
i
s
ex
te
ns
i
v
el
y
ap
p
l
i
ed
i
n
a
v
ar
i
et
y
o
f
ge
ne
r
al
-
pu
r
po
s
e
i
l
l
um
i
na
t
i
o
n
ap
pl
i
c
at
i
on
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
c
om
pl
et
el
y
r
e
pl
ac
ed
al
l
of
the
tr
ad
i
t
i
on
al
l
i
g
ht
s
ou
r
c
es
[6]
.
G
e
ne
r
a
l
l
y
,
the
l
um
i
no
us
o
utp
u
t
a
nd
t
he
c
o
r
r
el
ate
d
c
ol
or
tem
pe
r
atu
r
e
un
i
f
orm
i
t
y
are
r
eg
arde
d
as
the
m
os
t
i
m
p
ortant
f
ac
tors
t
ha
t
de
term
i
ne
t
he
qu
al
i
t
y
of
L
E
D
pe
r
f
orm
an
c
e.
W
i
th
s
ui
tab
l
e
c
on
c
en
tr
ati
on
of
S
i
O
2
pa
r
ti
c
l
es
a
dd
ed
i
nt
o
p
ho
s
ph
or
l
a
y
e
r
,
a
ng
ul
ar
CCT
d
i
s
tr
i
bu
t
i
o
n
c
an
be
op
t
i
m
i
z
ed
w
i
tho
ut
c
on
s
i
de
r
ab
l
e
af
f
ec
ti
ng
l
um
i
no
us
ou
tp
ut
[7
-
12
]
.
In
ad
di
t
i
on
,
th
e
l
um
en
ou
tpu
t
of
MC
W
-
LE
D
s
i
nc
r
ea
s
es
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
tl
y
wi
th
t
he
C
e
0.6
7
Tb
0.33
Mg
A
l
11
O
19
:C
e,
T
b
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
ad
de
d
t
o
MC
W
-
LE
Ds
ph
os
ph
or
[13
]
.
W
i
th
the
a
i
m
of
i
m
prov
i
ng
th
e
C
RI
of
MC
W
-
LE
D
greate
r
tha
n
90
,
s
e
v
era
l
f
orm
er
ap
pro
ac
he
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
i
ntrodu
c
e
d
t
o
r
e
i
m
bu
r
s
e
the
r
e
d
-
l
i
gh
t
of
MC
W
-
LE
Ds
s
uc
h
as
c
o
m
bi
ni
ng
r
ed
-
p
ho
s
ph
ors
wi
th
p
ho
s
ph
or
l
a
y
er
or
i
nj
ec
ti
n
g
r
ed
LE
Ds
[
14
-
20
].
W
on
group
c
om
bi
ne
d
b
l
ue
LE
D
s
,
green
(
B
a,
S
r
)
2
SiO
4
:
E
u
2+
a
nd
r
e
d
CaA
l
S
i
N
3
:
E
u
2+
p
ho
s
ph
ors
wi
th
v
ar
i
ou
s
p
ac
k
ag
es
to
p
r
op
os
e
gre
at
CR
I
v
al
ue
M
C
W
LE
Ds
[21
].
Chen
group
ha
v
e
ex
ec
u
t
ed
ex
pe
r
i
m
en
ts
of
ad
di
ng
the
m
i
s
s
i
ng
r
ed
pa
r
t
i
n
the
p
ho
s
ph
or
c
on
v
ert
ed
w
h
i
te
l
i
g
ht
-
em
i
tti
ng
di
od
es
(
pc
-
W
LE
Ds
)
[22
].
Nev
erthe
l
es
s
,
the
s
e
r
es
ea
r
c
he
s
s
ol
e
l
y
ex
am
i
ne
i
n
di
v
i
du
a
l
pc
-
W
L
E
D
s
tr
uc
tures
.
F
urtherm
ore,
th
e
r
es
e
arc
he
s
s
i
m
pl
y
c
on
c
en
tr
ate
o
n
s
i
ng
l
e
-
c
hi
p
w
h
i
te
LE
D
l
a
m
p
s
ha
v
i
ng
CCT
v
ar
y
i
ng
f
r
o
m
25
00
K
t
o
7
50
0
K
,
bu
t
t
he
tr
ul
y
i
m
prov
em
en
t
of
c
ol
or
r
en
d
erin
g
ab
i
l
i
t
y
of
MC
W
-
LE
D
l
am
ps
ha
v
i
n
g
h
i
g
he
r
CCT
s
ha
s
n
ot
b
ee
n
de
ep
l
y
r
es
ea
r
c
he
d [
2
3
-
26].
Eu
2+
-
ac
ti
v
at
ed
s
tr
o
nti
um
–
ba
r
i
um
s
i
l
i
c
ate
(
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
)
ph
os
p
ho
r
h
as
be
en
a
pp
l
i
ed
ex
ten
s
i
v
e
l
y
i
n
l
i
gh
t
i
n
g
tec
h
no
l
og
y
t
o
c
on
tr
i
bu
te
r
e
d
l
i
g
ht
[27
].
D
ue
to
th
e
great
pr
op
erti
es
as
w
e
l
l
as
ex
c
el
l
en
t
l
um
i
ne
s
c
en
c
e
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
,
c
ol
or
pu
r
i
t
y
an
d
s
tab
i
l
i
t
y
,
green
ph
os
ph
or
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
ha
v
e
m
et
al
l
the
r
e
qu
i
r
em
e
nts
f
or
a
f
av
orab
l
e
r
ed
-
em
i
tti
n
g
ph
os
p
ho
r
.
Ho
we
v
er,
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
ha
s
no
t
be
en
wi
de
l
y
a
pp
l
i
e
d t
o
en
h
an
c
e c
o
l
or h
om
og
en
ei
t
y
an
d
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
y
et.
In
th
i
s
p
ap
er,
we
r
e
v
i
e
w
th
e
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e
of
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
pa
r
ti
c
l
es
i
n
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
an
d
c
ol
or
h
om
og
en
ei
t
y
of
MC
W
LE
Ds
i
n
c
on
f
orm
al
ph
os
p
h
or
pa
c
k
ag
es
.
T
he
pc
-
W
LE
Ds
green
-
l
i
gh
t
em
i
tti
ng
c
an
be
c
on
tr
ol
l
ed
b
y
th
e
pres
en
c
e
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
ph
os
ph
or
pa
r
t
i
c
l
es
.
A
s
a
r
es
ul
t,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
20
19
:
26
43
-
26
49
2644
the
L
E
D
l
i
gh
t
d
i
s
tr
i
bu
ti
o
n
c
a
n
be
ad
j
us
te
d
b
y
LE
D
pa
c
k
ag
es
t
o
h
i
gh
er
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
u
x
r
eg
i
o
n.
O
ur
s
tud
y
progr
es
s
i
s
di
v
i
de
d
i
n
to
thre
e m
ai
n s
te
ps
. Fi
r
s
t, t
he
prec
i
s
e M
C
W
-
LE
D ph
y
s
i
c
al
m
od
el
w
i
th
av
era
ge
CCT
s
ap
prox
i
m
ate
l
y
56
0
0
K
,
6
60
0
K
an
d
77
0
0
K
are
b
ui
l
t
b
y
Li
g
htT
oo
l
s
8.1
.0
p
r
og
r
am
.
T
he
n,
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
p
arti
c
l
es
are
m
i
x
ed
i
nt
o
th
e
p
ho
s
ph
or
l
a
y
ers
.
T
he
s
e
p
arti
c
l
e
s
i
nte
r
ac
t
w
i
t
h
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
d
l
i
g
ht
r
es
ul
t.
La
s
tl
y
,
w
e
ex
am
i
ne
th
e
i
m
pa
c
ts
o
f
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
ph
os
ph
or
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
o
n
MC
W
-
LE
Ds
.
T
he
s
i
m
ul
ati
on
r
es
ul
ts
de
m
on
s
tr
ate
d
t
ha
t
t
h
e
prop
os
ed
ap
pro
ac
h
c
an
i
nc
r
e
as
e t
h
e l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
an
d c
ol
or hom
on
eg
ei
t
y
s
ub
s
tan
t
i
al
l
y
.
2.
R
es
e
ar
ch
M
eth
o
d
2.1
.
P
r
epar
atio
n
of
gree
n
S
r
B
aS
iO
4
:
E
u
2+
P
h
o
sph
o
r
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
p
arti
c
l
es
,
wi
th
a
n
em
i
s
s
i
on
pe
ak
of
2.
36
eV
a
nd
m
an
y
ou
ts
t
an
d
i
ng
c
ha
r
ac
teri
s
ti
c
s
s
uc
h
as
hi
g
h
qu
an
tum
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
an
d
s
tab
i
l
i
t
y
at
hi
g
h
tem
pe
r
atu
r
e,
are
k
no
wn
as
a
t
y
p
e
of
y
e
l
l
o
w
-
gree
n
p
ho
s
ph
or
an
d
b
ec
om
e
m
ore
an
d
m
ore
po
pu
l
ar.
T
he
el
em
en
ts
w
h
i
c
h
c
an
di
r
ec
tl
y
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e
on
th
e
l
u
m
i
ne
s
c
en
c
e
properti
es
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
ph
os
ph
or
a
r
e
the
i
r
p
arti
c
l
e
s
i
z
es
an
d
c
on
c
en
tr
a
ti
on
.
I
ts
c
om
po
s
i
ti
on
i
nc
l
ud
es
S
r
C
O
3
,
B
a
CO
3
,
S
i
O
2
,
E
u
2
O
3
,
N
H
4
Cl
,
an
d
E
u
2+
i
on
,
a
l
l
of
w
h
i
c
h
are
us
e
d
as
r
a
w
m
ate
r
i
a
l
s
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
l
e
1.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
i
s
ap
p
l
i
e
d
pa
r
ti
c
u
l
ar
l
y
f
or
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
-
l
o
ad
i
ng
an
d
l
on
g
l
i
f
e
-
ti
m
e
f
l
uo
r
es
c
en
t
l
am
ps
.
T
he
r
ef
ore,
i
t
i
s
on
e
of
the
m
os
t
po
pu
l
ar
c
o
m
m
erc
i
al
i
z
ed
ox
i
de
p
ho
s
p
h
ors
.
O
n
the
whol
e,
th
e
f
ab
r
i
c
ati
on
proc
es
s
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
i
s
de
s
c
r
i
b
ed
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
l
l
y
as
t
he
f
ol
l
o
wi
ng
:
T
ab
l
e 1
. C
om
po
s
i
ti
on
of
G
r
ee
n
-
E
m
i
tti
ng
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
P
ho
s
ph
or
I
n
g
r
e
d
ien
t
M
o
le
(
%
)
B
y
w
e
igh
t
(g)
M
o
lar
m
a
s
s
(
g
/
m
o
l)
M
o
le
(
m
o
l)
I
o
n
s
M
o
le
(
m
o
l)
M
o
le
(
%
)
S
r
C
O
3
3
1
.
2
8
145
1
4
7
.
6
3
0
.
9
8
2
Sr
2+
0
.
9
8
2
0
.
0
8
8
B
a
C
O
3
3
1
.
7
9
197
1
9
7
.
3
4
0
.
9
9
8
Ba
2+
0
.
9
9
8
0
.
0
9
0
S
iO
2
3
3
.
4
0
63
6
0
.
0
8
1
.
0
4
9
Si
4+
1
.
0
4
9
0
.
0
9
4
Eu
2
O
3
0
.
3
2
3
.
5
3
5
1
.
9
2
6
0
.
0
1
O
2
-
8
.
0
6
8
0
.
7
2
6
NH
4
Cl
3
.
2
2
5
.
4
5
3
.
4
9
0
.
1
0
1
Eu
2+
0
.
0
2
0
.
0
0
2
F
i
r
s
tl
y
,
t
he
m
ate
r
i
al
s
are
s
l
urr
i
ed
i
n
th
e
w
at
er
to
b
e
m
i
x
ed
tog
eth
er.
T
he
n
the
y
are
ba
l
l
-
m
i
l
l
ed
i
n
t
he
w
a
ter
i
nto
s
m
al
l
pa
r
t
i
c
l
es
.
A
f
ter
tha
t,
t
he
m
ate
r
i
al
s
wi
l
l
be
po
wder
ed
as
s
oo
n
as
the
y
are
dri
ed
i
n
th
e
ai
r
.
S
ec
on
d
l
y
,
th
i
s
p
o
w
d
er
w
i
l
l
b
e
f
i
r
ed
i
n
c
ap
p
ed
qu
art
z
tu
be
s
wi
th
CO
at
11
00
º
C
wi
t
hi
n
a
n
h
ou
r
an
d
po
wderi
z
e
d
b
y
dr
y
m
i
l
l
i
ng
.
T
he
n
5.
4
g
NH
4
Cl
wi
l
l
be
ad
de
d
i
nt
o
th
i
s
m
i
x
ture
an
d
t
he
y
are
m
i
x
ed
to
ge
t
he
r
b
y
dr
y
m
i
l
l
i
ng
.
N
ex
t,
th
e
y
are
f
i
r
ed
ag
a
i
n
i
n
c
ap
pe
d
q
ua
r
t
z
tub
es
wi
th
CO
at
11
00
º
C
wi
th
i
n
a
n
h
ou
r
an
d
w
i
l
l
b
e
po
wderi
z
e
d.
F
i
na
l
l
y
,
th
e
m
ate
r
i
al
s
ar
e
was
he
d
i
n
the
wate
r
f
or s
ev
eral
t
i
m
es
(
pH range
s
f
r
o
m
10
to
12
)
a
nd
drie
d a
f
ter th
at.
2.2
. Con
struct
ion
of
M
C
-
W
L
E
Ds
A
c
c
ordi
n
g
t
o
L
i
gh
tT
oo
l
s
8.
5.0
progr
am
an
d
Mo
nte
Ca
r
l
o
m
eth
od
,
the
p
ho
s
ph
or
l
a
y
er
of
r
ea
l
M
C
W
-
LE
Ds
i
s
s
i
m
ul
ate
d
w
i
t
h
f
l
at
s
i
l
i
c
on
e
l
a
y
er.
T
hi
s
m
od
el
i
ng
proc
es
s
i
s
c
arie
d
ou
t
t
hroug
h
two
m
ai
n
pe
r
i
od
s
:
(
1)
th
e
m
ec
ha
n
i
c
al
s
tr
uc
tures
a
nd
op
ti
c
al
propert
i
es
of
MC
W
-
LE
D
l
am
ps
m
us
t
to
be
s
et
a
nd
bu
i
l
t
(
2)
T
he
n
the
op
t
i
c
al
i
nf
l
u
en
c
es
of
ph
os
ph
or
c
om
po
un
di
n
g
thro
ug
h
the
d
i
v
ers
i
t
y
of
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
o
n a
r
e
wel
l
m
on
i
tored.
In
order
t
o
u
nd
ers
ta
nd
t
he
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e
of
Y
A
G
:C
e
3+
an
d
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
p
h
os
ph
or
c
o
m
po
un
d
i
ng
on
th
e
p
erf
orm
an
c
e
of
M
CW
-
LE
D
l
a
m
p
s
,
w
e
m
us
t
m
a
k
e
s
o
m
e
c
om
pa
r
i
s
on
s
.
A
m
on
g
the
m
,
the
two
t
y
p
es
of
c
o
m
po
un
di
n
g
w
h
i
c
h
ha
v
e
av
erage
C
CT
s
of
56
00
K
,
66
00
K
,
an
d
7700
K
,
du
al
-
l
a
y
er
r
em
ote
ph
os
ph
or,
i
s
c
on
s
i
d
ered
t
o
c
l
arif
y
.
In
F
i
g
ure
1
(
a),
th
e
r
e
i
s
a
c
l
ea
r
l
y
de
s
c
r
i
pti
on
ab
o
ut
MC
W
-
LE
D
l
am
ps
wi
th
c
on
f
orm
al
ph
os
ph
or c
om
po
un
d
i
n
g h
av
i
n
g a
v
era
ge
C
CT
of
85
00
K
.
It
a
l
s
o
i
n
di
c
at
es
the
s
i
m
ul
ati
o
n
of
MC
W
-
LE
Ds
i
n
w
hi
c
h
t
he
c
om
po
ne
nts
do
no
t
c
o
nta
i
n
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
.
T
he
r
ef
l
ec
tor
ha
s
a
bo
tt
om
l
en
gth
of
8
m
m
,
a
he
i
g
ht
of
2.0
7
m
m
an
d
a
l
en
gt
h
of
9.8
5
m
m
at
i
ts
top
s
urf
ac
e.
T
he
c
on
f
or
m
al
ph
os
ph
or
c
om
po
un
di
n
g,
w
h
os
e
th
i
c
k
n
es
s
i
s
f
i
x
ed
at
0.0
8
m
m
,
c
ov
ers
ni
ne
c
h
i
p
s
.
E
ac
h
LE
D
c
h
i
p
wi
th
th
e
s
qu
are
ba
s
e
are
a
of
1.1
4
m
m
2
an
d
the
he
i
gh
t
of
0.1
5
m
m
i
s
att
ac
he
d
to
t
he
c
av
i
t
y
of
the
r
ef
l
e
c
tor.
T
he
r
ad
i
an
t
f
l
ux
of
ea
c
h
bl
ue
c
h
i
p
i
s
1.1
6
W
w
hi
l
e
45
3
nm
i
s
th
e
pe
ak
wav
el
e
ng
t
h.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
Imp
r
ov
i
ng
l
um
i
n
ou
s
fl
ux
an
d c
ol
or
ho
m
og
e
ne
i
ty
o
f
du
a
l
-
l
ay
er p
ho
s
ph
or
...
(
P
ha
n X
ua
n
Le
)
2645
(
a)
(
b)
(
c
)
(
d)
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
P
ho
t
og
r
a
ph
of
W
LE
Ds
s
tr
uc
ture: (
a)
a
c
tua
l
W
LE
D
s
, (b)
b
on
d
i
ng
di
ag
r
a
m
,
(
c
)
i
l
l
us
tr
at
i
o
n o
f
pc
-
W
LE
Ds
m
od
el
, (d)
s
i
m
ul
ati
o
n o
f
W
LE
Ds
us
i
ng
l
i
gh
t
too
l
s
c
o
m
m
erc
i
al
s
of
tw
are
3.
Re
sult
s
a
n
d
A
n
al
y
s
is
F
i
gu
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
the
a
nti
po
da
l
c
ha
ng
e
be
t
ween
t
he
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
gree
n
ph
os
p
ho
r
us
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
a
nd
th
e
y
e
l
l
o
w
p
ho
s
ph
orus
Y
A
G
:C
e
3
+
.
T
hi
s
c
ha
ng
e
hi
d
de
n
es
two
m
ea
ni
ng
s
:
on
e
i
s
m
ai
nta
i
ni
ng
av
erag
e
C
C
T
s
an
d
th
e
o
the
r
i
s
t
hi
s
c
ha
ng
e
di
r
ec
t
l
y
af
f
ec
ts
the
s
c
att
erin
g
a
nd
ab
s
orpti
on
of
t
w
o
ph
os
ph
oric
l
a
y
ers
i
n
W
LE
Ds
.
T
hi
s
i
ne
v
i
ta
bl
y
af
f
ec
ts
the
c
ol
or
qu
al
i
t
y
an
d
l
um
i
ne
s
c
en
c
e
ge
n
erate
d
b
y
W
LE
Ds
.
T
hu
s
,
the
c
ho
i
c
e
of
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
de
term
i
ne
s
the
c
ol
or
q
ua
l
i
t
y
of
W
LE
Ds
.
W
he
n
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
c
o
nc
en
tr
at
i
o
n
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
2
-
20
%
wt,
Y
A
G
:
Ce
3
+
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
de
c
r
e
as
ed
t
o
k
ee
p
a
v
era
ge
C
CT
s
.
T
hi
s
ph
e
no
m
en
on
i
s
the
s
a
m
e
f
or
W
LE
Ds
w
i
t
h
al
l
t
he
c
on
di
t
i
o
n
of
d
i
f
f
erent
c
ol
or
tem
pe
r
atu
r
es
of
56
0
0
K
,
66
00
K
,
an
d
77
00
K
.
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
T
he
c
ha
ng
e
of
ph
os
ph
or c
on
c
e
ntrat
i
on
f
or k
ee
pi
ng
t
he
a
v
er
ag
e
CCT
s
It
i
s
no
t
di
f
f
i
c
ul
t
to
b
e
s
e
en
the
m
os
t
no
ti
c
e
ab
l
e
ef
f
ec
t
of
the
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
green
ph
os
ph
orus
c
on
c
e
ntrat
i
on
on
th
e
em
i
s
s
i
on
s
p
ec
t
r
um
of
W
LE
D
s
,
whi
c
h
i
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
s
3
-
5.
B
es
i
de
s
,
a
c
h
oi
c
e
wi
l
l
be
m
ad
e
ac
c
ord
i
n
g
to
t
he
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
of
m
an
uf
ac
turer
.
I
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
20
19
:
26
43
-
26
49
2646
the
c
as
e
of
th
e
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
t
of
W
LE
Ds
w
i
th
hi
gh
c
o
l
or,
a
s
m
al
l
am
ou
nt
of
f
l
ux
c
an
be
c
on
s
i
de
r
ed
to
r
ed
uc
e.
W
hi
te
l
i
g
ht
i
s
k
no
w
n
as
the
s
y
n
the
s
i
s
of
the
s
pe
c
tr
al
r
eg
i
on
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
gu
r
es
3,
4
a
nd
5.
T
he
s
e
three
r
ep
r
es
en
t
em
i
s
s
i
on
s
pe
c
tr
a
of
56
00
K
,
66
00
K
an
d
77
0
0
K
,
r
es
pe
c
ti
v
el
y
.
T
he
tr
e
nd
of
t
he
r
ed
l
i
gh
t
s
p
ec
tr
um
f
r
o
m
64
8
nm
to
73
8
nm
w
as
f
ou
nd
to
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
wi
th
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
c
on
c
e
n
tr
ati
o
n.
H
o
w
e
v
er,
t
hi
s
i
s
no
t
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
u
nl
es
s
the
r
e
i
s
an
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
i
n
the
s
p
ec
tr
um
of
the
two
r
eg
i
on
s
42
0
-
4
80
nm
an
d
50
0
-
64
0
nm
.
T
he
t
w
o
-
z
on
e
4
20
-
48
0
nm
of
the
s
pe
c
tr
um
en
ha
nc
em
en
t
he
l
ps
bl
ue
-
l
i
gh
t
s
c
att
er
i
ng
.
T
he
hi
g
he
r
th
e
c
ol
or
tem
pe
r
at
ure,
the
h
i
g
he
r
the
em
i
s
s
i
on
s
pe
c
tr
a
as
wel
l
as
th
e
h
i
gh
er
the
c
ol
or
an
d
l
um
i
no
s
i
t
y
.
T
hi
s
i
s
a
v
er
y
i
m
po
r
tan
t
r
es
ul
t
w
h
en
a
pp
l
y
i
ng
S
r
B
a
S
iO
4
:
E
u
2+
.
M
os
tl
y
,
i
t
i
s
v
ery
di
f
f
i
c
ul
t
to
c
o
ntrol
t
he
c
ol
or
q
ua
l
i
t
y
of
W
LE
D
s
.
T
hi
s
s
tud
y
i
m
pl
i
e
s
tha
t
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
c
an
i
m
prov
e
c
ol
or
q
ua
l
i
t
y
of
W
LE
Ds
i
nc
l
u
di
ng
l
o
w
c
o
l
or t
em
pe
r
atu
r
e (560
0 K
)
a
nd
hi
g
h (77
00
K
)
.
F
i
gu
r
e
3.
T
he
em
i
s
s
i
on
s
pe
c
tr
a o
f
56
00
K
W
LE
D
s
as
a
f
un
c
ti
on
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
o
n
F
i
gu
r
e
4.
T
he
em
i
s
s
i
on
s
pe
c
tr
a o
f
66
00
K
W
LE
D
s
as
a
f
un
c
ti
on
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
o
n
F
i
gu
r
e
5.
T
he
em
i
s
s
i
on
s
pe
c
tr
a o
f
77
00
K
W
LE
Ds
as
a
f
un
c
ti
on
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
A
s
s
ho
wn
i
n F
i
g
ure 6
, t
he
c
ol
or
de
v
i
ati
on
de
c
r
ea
s
es
wi
th
th
e
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
p
ho
s
ph
orus
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
i
n
a
l
l
t
hree
CCT
s
.
T
hi
s
c
an
be
ex
pl
a
i
ne
d
b
y
th
e
ab
s
orpt
i
o
n
of
r
ed
ph
os
ph
orus
.
W
h
en
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
ph
o
s
ph
or
ab
s
or
bs
bl
ue
l
i
gh
t
f
r
o
m
the
LE
D
c
h
i
p,
the
bl
u
e
ph
os
ph
or
pa
r
ti
c
l
es
tur
n
bl
u
e
l
i
gh
t
i
nto
gree
n
l
i
gh
t.
E
x
c
ep
t
the
b
l
u
e
l
i
g
ht
f
r
o
m
the
LE
D
c
h
i
p,
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
pa
r
ti
c
l
es
s
ti
l
l
ab
s
orb
th
e
y
el
l
o
w
l
i
gh
t.
Ho
wev
er,
i
f
i
t
i
s
c
o
m
pa
r
ed
to
th
es
e
t
w
o
ab
s
orpti
on
s
,
the
b
l
ue
l
i
gh
t
a
bs
orbe
d
b
y
the
LE
D
c
h
i
p
i
s
s
tr
on
g
er
du
e
to
t
he
a
bs
orpt
i
on
properti
es
of
the
m
ate
r
i
al
.
T
hu
s
,
the
g
r
ee
n
l
i
gh
t
c
om
po
s
i
ti
on
i
n
W
LE
Ds
i
nc
r
ea
s
es
w
i
th
t
he
ad
di
t
i
on
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
,
w
h
i
c
h
l
ea
d
s
to
a
n
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
i
n
c
ol
ori
m
etri
c
i
nd
ex
.
I
n
th
e
s
e
l
ec
t
i
on
of
m
od
ern
W
LE
D
l
a
m
ps
,
c
ol
or
u
ni
f
o
r
m
i
t
y
i
s
on
e
of
th
e
i
m
po
r
tan
t
p
aram
ete
r
s
.
O
bv
i
ou
s
l
y
,
th
e
h
i
gh
er
the
c
o
l
or
r
en
d
erin
g
i
nd
ex
,
the
hi
gh
er
the
pric
e
of
w
h
i
te
l
i
gh
t
W
LE
D.
Ho
w
e
v
er,
the
be
n
ef
i
t
of
us
i
ng
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
i
s
l
o
w
c
os
t.
T
hu
s
,
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
c
a
n
b
e
wi
de
l
y
a
pp
l
i
ed
.
O
b
v
i
ou
s
l
y
,
the
us
i
ng
of
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
c
an
i
nc
r
ea
s
e t
he
c
o
l
or
qu
a
l
i
t
y
of
whi
t
e l
i
g
ht
of
W
LE
Ds
wi
th
du
al
-
l
a
y
er
ph
os
ph
o
r
s
tr
uc
ture.
T
hi
s
i
s
an
i
m
po
r
tan
t
r
es
ul
t
of
the
s
tud
y
wi
th
th
e
ai
m
of
i
m
prov
i
ng
c
ol
or
qu
a
l
i
t
y
.
H
o
w
e
v
er,
i
t
c
an
n
ot
be
i
g
no
r
ed
the
s
ec
o
n
d
ad
v
a
nta
g
e
of
the
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
to
the
em
i
s
s
i
on
of
F
P
G
A
s
i
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
7.
It
i
s
e
as
y
to
s
ee
t
ha
t
t
he
r
i
s
e
i
n
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
Imp
r
ov
i
ng
l
um
i
n
ou
s
fl
ux
an
d c
ol
or
ho
m
og
e
ne
i
ty
o
f
du
a
l
-
l
ay
er p
ho
s
ph
or
...
(
P
ha
n X
ua
n
Le
)
2647
i
nc
r
ea
s
es
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
an
t
l
y
as
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
s
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
i
n
al
l
CCT
s
.
T
o
prov
e
t
hi
s
r
es
ul
t,
we c
on
s
i
de
r
ex
pres
s
i
on
s
f
r
om
(
1) to (5)
.
T
hi
s
pa
r
t
wi
l
l
pres
en
t
a
nd
de
m
on
s
tr
ate
th
e
m
ath
em
ati
c
al
m
od
el
of
the
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
d
b
l
ue
l
i
g
ht
an
d
c
on
v
erte
d
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
g
ht
i
n
the
do
u
bl
e
-
l
a
y
er
ph
os
ph
or
s
tr
uc
ture,
f
r
o
m
whi
c
h
a
hu
g
e
i
m
prov
em
en
t
of
LE
D
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
c
an
b
e
ob
tai
ne
d.
T
he
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
d
bl
ue
l
i
g
ht
an
d
c
o
nv
ert
ed
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
g
ht
f
or
s
i
ng
l
e
l
a
y
er
r
em
ote
p
ho
s
ph
or
p
ac
k
ag
e
w
i
t
h
the
ph
os
p
ho
r
l
a
y
er
th
i
c
k
n
es
s
of
2
h
are
ex
pres
s
ed
as
f
ol
l
o
w
s
:
1
2
10
B
h
P
B
P
B
e
−
=
(
1)
11
22
10
1
11
1
()
2
YB
hh
BY
PB
P
Y
e
e
−−
=−
−
(
2)
T
he
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
d
b
l
u
e
l
i
g
ht
an
d
c
on
v
erte
d
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
gh
t
f
or
do
ub
l
e
l
a
y
er
r
em
ote
p
h
os
ph
or
pa
c
k
ag
e wi
th
th
e
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er th
i
c
k
ne
s
s
of
h
are de
f
i
ne
d
a
s
:
2
2
20
B
h
P
B
P
B
e
−
=
(
3)
22
22
20
2
22
1
()
2
YB
hh
BY
PB
P
Y
e
e
−−
=−
−
(
4)
w
he
r
e
h
i
s
the
thi
c
k
ne
s
s
of
ea
c
h
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er.
T
he
s
ub
s
c
r
i
pt
“
1”
an
d
“
2”
are
us
e
d
to
d
es
c
r
i
be
s
i
ng
l
e
l
a
y
e
r
an
d
d
ou
b
l
e
-
l
a
y
er
r
em
ote
ph
os
ph
or
pa
c
k
ag
e.
β
pres
e
nts
th
e
c
on
v
ers
i
on
c
o
ef
f
i
c
i
en
t
f
or
bl
ue
l
i
gh
t
c
o
nv
erti
n
g
t
o
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
gh
t.
γ
i
s
the
r
ef
l
ec
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
i
c
i
en
t
of
the
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
g
ht.
T
he
i
nte
ns
i
ti
es
of
bl
ue
l
i
g
h
t
(
PB
)
an
d
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
g
ht
(
PY
)
are
the
l
i
gh
t
i
nte
ns
i
t
y
f
r
om
bl
ue
LE
D,
i
nd
i
c
ate
d
b
y
PB
0
.
α
B
;
α
Y
ar
e
pa
r
am
ete
r
s
de
s
c
r
i
bi
ng
t
h
e
f
r
ac
ti
on
s
of
the
en
erg
y
l
o
s
s
of
bl
ue
an
d
y
e
l
l
o
w l
i
gh
ts
du
r
i
ng
t
he
i
r
pr
op
ag
ati
on
i
n
t
he
ph
os
p
ho
r
l
a
y
er r
es
p
ec
ti
v
e
l
y
.
T
he
l
i
gh
t
i
ng
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
of
p
c
-
LE
Ds
w
i
th
the
d
ou
b
l
e
-
l
a
y
e
r
ph
os
p
ho
r
s
tr
uc
t
ure
en
ha
nc
es
c
on
s
i
de
r
a
bl
y
c
om
pa
r
ed
to
a s
i
ng
l
e
l
a
y
er s
tr
uc
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g (DC
S
E
LA
B
)
, H
CMUT
, V
NU
-
HC
M
.
Ref
er
en
ce
s
[1]
An
h
ND
Q
,
L
e
e
HY
.
Im
p
ro
v
i
n
g
th
e
An
g
u
l
a
r
Col
o
r
Uni
fo
r
m
i
t
y
a
n
d
th
e
L
u
m
e
n
O
u
tp
u
t
fo
r
W
h
i
te
L
E
D
L
a
m
p
s
b
y
G
re
e
n
Ce
0
.6
7
Tb
0
.
3
3
M
g
Al
11
O
19
:Ce
,T
b
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
r.
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
th
e
Chi
n
e
s
e
I
n
s
ti
t
u
te
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rs
.
2
0
1
6
;
3
9
(7
):
8
7
1
-
8
7
5
.
[2]
M
y
o
u
n
g
SJ
,
Y
o
n
g
HC
,
Sh
u
l
u
W
,
T
a
e
G
L
,
J
a
e
SY
.
M
a
te
ri
a
l
p
r
o
p
e
r
ti
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
C
e
3+
-
d
o
p
e
d
g
a
rn
e
t
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
fo
r a
w
h
i
te
L
ED a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
Dis
p
l
a
y
.
2
0
1
6
;
1
7
(
3
)
:
1
1
7
-
1
2
3
.
[3]
Ka
tj
a
M
R,
M
a
rta
KG
,
G
re
g
a
B
,
M
a
te
j
BK.
W
h
i
t
e
L
E
D
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
w
i
th
o
th
e
r
l
i
g
h
t
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
:
age
-
d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
t
p
h
o
to
b
i
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
e
ff
e
c
t
s
a
n
d
p
a
ra
m
e
te
r
s
f
o
r
e
v
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
.
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
O
c
c
u
p
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
a
fe
t
y
a
n
d
Erg
o
n
o
m
i
c
s
.
2
0
1
5
;
2
1
(3
)
:
3
9
1
-
3
9
8
.
[4]
An
h
ND
Q
,
L
e
e
HY
,
T
ra
n
T
P,
Ngu
y
e
n
HKN
,
T
ra
n
HQ
M
,
Tru
o
n
g
HL
.
Y
2
O
3
:Eu
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r:
a
n
o
v
e
l
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
fo
r
a
n
i
n
c
re
a
s
e
i
n
c
o
l
o
r
re
n
d
e
ri
n
g
i
n
d
e
x
o
f
m
u
l
ti
-
c
h
i
p
w
h
i
te
L
ED
p
a
c
k
a
g
e
s
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
Chi
n
e
s
e
I
n
s
ti
tu
te
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rs
.
2
0
1
7
;
4
0
(
3
):
2
2
8
-
2
3
4
.
[5]
An
h
ND
Q
,
T
h
u
o
n
g
T
N
,
L
e
e
HY
.
Se
l
e
c
ti
o
n
o
f
s
c
a
tt
e
ri
n
g
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
p
a
rti
c
l
e
s
fo
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
c
o
l
o
r
h
o
m
o
g
e
n
e
i
ty
a
n
d
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
fl
u
x
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
-
c
o
n
v
e
rte
d
L
E
Ds
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
th
e
Chi
n
e
s
e
I
n
s
ti
t
u
te
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rs
.
2
0
1
7
:
4
0
(4
)
:
3
0
7
-
3
1
2
.
[6]
G
u
a
n
RF,
Hou
G
H
,
Li
Q
Q
.
Sy
n
th
e
s
i
s
a
n
d
c
h
a
ra
c
te
r
i
s
a
ti
o
n
o
f
CaM
o
O
4
:Eu
3+
,
Eu
3+
/Sm
3+
,
Eu
3+
/Sm
3+
/L
i
+
re
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r f
o
r w
h
i
te
L
ED.
M
a
te
ri
a
l
s
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
2
0
1
4
;
2
9
(
3
)
:
1
5
2
-
1
5
8
.
[7]
M
a
rk
u
s
S,
T
o
b
i
a
s
R,
O
l
i
v
e
r
O
,
W
o
l
f
g
a
n
g
S
.
Hi
g
h
l
y
Eff
i
c
i
e
n
t
p
c
-
L
ED
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
rs
Sr
1
-
x
Ba
x
Si
2
O
2
N
2
:Eu
2+
(
0
x
1
)
-
Cry
s
ta
l
Stru
c
tu
r
e
s
a
n
d
L
u
m
i
n
e
s
c
e
n
c
e
Pro
p
e
rti
e
s
Rev
i
s
i
te
d
.
Cri
ti
c
a
l
Rev
i
e
w
s
i
n
So
l
i
d
S
ta
te
a
n
d
M
a
te
ri
a
l
s
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
.
2
0
1
4
;
3
9
(3
)
:
2
1
5
-
2
2
9
.
[8]
Sa
n
ta
C,
T
a
p
a
s
h
r
e
e
R,
Ka
n
i
s
h
k
a
M
,
As
h
i
s
h
Y
.
Red
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
Y
AG
:Ce
,
Pr
n
a
n
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
fo
r
w
h
i
t
e
L
EDs
.
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ex
p
e
ri
m
e
n
t
a
l
Na
n
o
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
.
2
0
1
2
;
9(
8
):
7
7
6
-
7
8
4
.
[9]
J
i
a
Z
,
Che
n
g
J
.
Ph
o
to
l
u
m
i
n
e
s
c
e
n
c
e
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
e
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
-
tu
n
a
b
l
e
Ca
8
M
g
L
a
(PO
4
)
7
:E
u
2+
,
M
n
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
f
o
r
w
h
i
te
L
EDs
.
O
p
t
i
c
a
l
M
a
te
ri
a
l
s
Ex
p
r
e
s
s
.
2
0
1
4
;
4
:
2
1
0
2
-
2
1
0
7
.
[10]
H
e
l
e
e
n
FS
,
Rei
n
e
rt
V,
J
o
n
a
s
J
J
,
Dir
k
P,
P
h
i
l
i
p
p
e
FS.
K
2
Si
F
6
:
M
n
4+
a
s
a
re
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
fo
r
d
i
s
p
l
a
y
s
a
n
d
w
a
rm
-
w
h
i
te
L
EDs
:
a
re
v
i
e
w
o
f
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s
a
n
d
p
e
rs
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
.
O
p
ti
c
a
l
M
a
te
ri
a
l
s
E
x
p
r
e
s
s
.
2
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[11]
Zh
i
j
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W
,
Sh
u
q
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n
L
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Pa
n
l
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i
L
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h
o
s
p
h
o
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h
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ED
s
.
O
p
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M
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p
re
s
s
.
2
0
1
6
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:
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1
4
-
124
.
[12]
J
i
W
M
,
Bo
n
g
G
M
,
J
i
n
SK,
M
y
o
u
n
g
SJ
,
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n
g
M
O
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K
w
a
n
Y
H,
J
a
e
SY
.
O
p
ti
c
a
l
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
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ri
s
ti
c
s
a
n
d
l
o
n
g
e
v
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ty
o
f
th
e
l
i
n
e
-
e
m
i
t
ti
n
g
K
2
Si
F
6
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n
4+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
f
o
r
L
E
D
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
.
O
p
ti
c
a
l
M
a
te
ri
a
l
s
E
x
p
re
s
s
.
2016
;
6
:
7
8
2
-
7
9
2
.
[13]
Sh
u
y
u
n
Q
,
Y
a
n
l
i
n
H,
T
a
i
j
u
T
,
W
e
i
H,
Hy
o
J
S
,
Ve
r
s
a
t
i
l
e
l
u
m
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s
c
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f
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s
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l
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c
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t
e
a
p
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ti
te
s
M
2
Y
3
[Si
O
4
]3
F
(M
=
Sr,
Ba
)
s
u
i
ta
b
l
e
fo
r
w
h
i
te
l
i
g
h
t
e
m
i
tt
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
.
O
p
ti
c
a
l
M
a
te
ri
a
l
s
E
x
p
re
s
s
.
2014
;
4
:
3
9
6
-
4
0
2
.
[14]
J
i
a
Z,
Ba
o
w
e
i
J
,
Zh
e
n
g
h
e
H.
In
v
e
s
ti
g
a
ti
o
n
s
o
n
th
e
l
u
m
i
n
e
s
c
e
n
c
e
o
f
B
a
2
M
g
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4
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2
:Eu
2+
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n
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
f
o
r
L
EDs
.
O
p
ti
c
a
l
M
a
te
ri
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l
s
E
x
p
re
s
s
.
2
0
1
6
;
6
:
3
4
7
0
-
3
4
7
5
.
[15]
Y
u
ro
n
g
S,
G
e
Z,
M
a
s
a
y
o
s
h
i
M
,
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o
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Y
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a
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O
4
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o
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2
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[16]
Q
i
a
o
s
o
n
g
C,
Fa
n
l
i
a
n
g
Z
,
Nin
g
Y
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y
u
a
n
X
,
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fa
n
i
a
B,
Al
e
s
s
i
a
C
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M
a
u
ro
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u
o
ro
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g
C.
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h
a
n
c
e
d
a
n
d
s
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e
d
M
n
2+
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m
i
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s
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o
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s
b
y
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o
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n
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c
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l
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-
L
ED
s
.
O
p
ti
c
a
l
M
a
te
ri
a
l
s
Ex
p
re
s
s
.
2015
;
5
:
5
1
-
58
.
[17]
J
i
a
Z
,
Zh
e
n
g
h
e
H,
Sh
i
z
h
e
n
g
W
.
G
e
n
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ra
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L
i
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1
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6
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re
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s
.
2
0
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5
;
5:
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4
-
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4
[18]
G
e
Z
,
Zh
i
p
e
n
g
C,
Q
i
a
n
W
,
Y
u
ro
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Y
u
h
u
a
W
.
F
u
l
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o
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b
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s
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2
0
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3
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.
[19]
Ran
M
,
Cha
o
y
a
n
g
M
,
J
i
a
n
ta
o
Z,
J
i
a
q
i
L
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c
h
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g
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X
u
a
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o
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E
n
e
rg
y
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fe
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x
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re
s
s
.
2
0
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7
;
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:
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-
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6
7
.
[20]
J
i
e
H,
X
i
n
g
h
o
n
g
G
,
J
i
a
n
h
u
a
H,
Y
u
j
i
n
C,
Y
a
n
fu
L
,
Zu
n
d
u
L,
Y
i
d
o
n
g
H.
Nea
r
u
l
tra
v
i
o
l
e
t
e
x
c
i
te
d
Eu
3+
d
o
p
e
d
L
i
3
Ba
2
La
3
(
W
O
4
)
8
r
e
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
fo
r
w
h
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te
l
i
g
h
t
e
m
i
tt
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
.
O
p
ti
c
a
l
M
a
te
ri
a
l
s
Ex
p
re
s
s
.
2016
;
6
:
1
8
1
-
1
9
0
.
[21]
L
u
ti
n
g
W
,
Sh
u
a
n
g
l
o
n
g
Y
,
Y
u
n
x
i
a
Y
,
Fra
n
c
o
i
s
C,
Fr
a
n
c
k
T
,
G
u
o
ro
n
g
C.
L
u
m
i
n
e
s
c
e
n
t
p
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s
o
f
n
o
v
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l
re
d
-
e
m
i
tt
i
n
g
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r:
G
d
2
O
2
CN
2
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3+
.
O
p
ti
c
a
l
M
a
te
r
i
a
l
s
Ex
p
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e
s
s
.
2
0
1
5
;
5
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2
6
1
6
-
2
6
2
4
.
[22]
Chi
n
g
T
L
,
Y
u
T
S,
Hs
i
n
Y
L
.
Nan
o
ro
d
-
s
tru
c
tu
re
d
fl
i
p
-
c
h
i
p
G
a
N
-
b
a
s
e
d
whi
t
e
l
i
g
h
t
-
e
m
i
t
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
.
Pr
o
c
.
SPIE
9
0
0
3
,
L
i
g
h
t
-
E
m
i
tt
i
n
g
Di
o
d
e
s
:
M
a
te
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a
l
s
,
Dev
i
c
e
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,
a
n
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Ap
p
l
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fo
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Sta
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ti
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g
X
VII
I
.
2
0
1
4
;
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0
0
3
0
I
.
[23]
Su
J
Y
,
J
i
HO
,
Ke
y
o
n
g
NL,
Y
o
u
n
g
RD
.
Rea
l
i
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
q
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a
n
tu
m
d
o
t
-
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p
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l
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ri
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e
d
whi
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EDs
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s
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o
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wa
v
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p
a
s
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i
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ro
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c
fi
l
te
rs
a
n
d
re
fl
e
c
ti
v
e
p
o
l
a
ri
z
e
r
fi
l
m
s
.
Pro
c
.
SPIE
9
1
9
0
,
T
h
i
rte
e
n
t
h
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
o
l
i
d
S
ta
te
L
i
g
h
ti
n
g
.
2
0
1
4
;
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1
9
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1
2
.
[24]
Ze
ti
a
n
M
,
Hie
u
P
T
N,
Sh
a
o
fe
i
Z,
As
h
fi
q
u
a
T
C,
M
d
G
K,
Q
i
W
,
Is
h
i
a
n
g
S.
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
r
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fre
e
In
G
a
N/G
a
N/A
l
G
a
N
c
o
re
-
s
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e
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l
d
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wir
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i
te
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g
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t
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m
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d
i
o
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e
s
.
Pr
o
c
.
SP
IE
9
0
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,
Light
-
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m
i
t
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Dio
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s
:
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a
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l
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e
v
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n
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Ap
p
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ti
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ti
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X
VII
I.
2
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0
0
3
0
6
.
[25]
As
h
o
k
KL
,
Sa
ro
j
KP,
Sa
n
d
e
e
p
K,
Su
m
i
tr
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S,
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c
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P,
Che
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D.
T
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m
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ri
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rn
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t
p
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o
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Ph
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e
rg
y
.
2
0
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4
;
4
(
1
):
0
4
3
5
9
6
.
[26]
Cos
m
o
M
DS,
Artu
r
SG
N,
L
u
c
i
a
n
o
AB.
Nov
e
l
s
a
m
a
ri
u
m
/e
rb
i
u
m
a
n
d
s
a
m
a
ri
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m
/t
e
rb
i
u
m
c
o
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o
p
e
d
g
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s
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p
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o
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fo
r
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
wa
rm
whi
te
l
i
g
h
t
-
e
m
i
tt
i
n
g
-
d
i
o
d
e
.
Pro
c
.
SP
IE
9
0
0
3
,
L
i
g
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t
-
E
m
i
tt
i
n
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Di
o
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:
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l
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,
Dev
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d
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g
X
VII
I.
2
0
1
4
;
9
0
0
3
1
G
.
[27]
Y
e
n
W
M
,
W
e
b
e
r
M
J
.
In
o
rg
a
n
i
c
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
rs
:
Com
p
o
s
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ti
o
n
s
,
Pre
p
a
ra
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o
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a
n
d
O
p
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