T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
, V
ol
.
17
,
No.
6,
Dec
e
mb
er
20
1
9,
p
p.
2
89
5
~
290
2
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
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93
0
,
accr
ed
ited
F
irst
Gr
ad
e b
y
K
em
en
r
istekdikti,
Decr
ee
No: 2
1/E/
K
P
T
/20
18
DOI:
10.12928/TE
LK
OM
N
IK
A
.v
1
7
i
6
.
13291
◼
28
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Rec
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Ma
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01
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c
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L
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m
a
p
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re
s
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r
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s
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a
s
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d
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a
d
d
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ti
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n
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th
i
s
p
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t
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te
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th
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m
o
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v
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d
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a
n
d
t
h
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p
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n
c
h
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l
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s
t
h
a
t
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m
p
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th
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t
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l
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t
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th
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s
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
e
s
i
g
n
.
T
h
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
o
ff
e
rs
v
a
l
u
a
b
l
e
re
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
ti
o
n
s
to
i
m
p
ro
v
e
b
e
a
m
s
t
e
e
ri
n
g
i
n
L
WA
.
Th
e
re
v
i
e
w
re
v
e
a
l
e
d
th
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
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t
a
n
d
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m
p
ro
v
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t
o
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s
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i
q
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e
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o
f
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m
s
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n
n
i
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g
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WA.
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v
e
r,
s
e
v
e
ra
l
a
r
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a
s
o
r
a
s
p
e
c
t
s
re
q
u
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rt
h
e
r
a
tt
e
n
t
i
o
n
.
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l
th
e
a
rt
i
c
l
e
s
,
re
g
a
rd
l
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
i
r
re
s
e
a
rc
h
fo
c
u
s
,
a
tt
e
m
p
t
to
a
d
d
re
s
s
th
e
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
t
h
a
t
i
m
p
e
d
e
th
e
fu
l
l
u
ti
l
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y
o
f
b
e
a
m
s
c
a
n
n
i
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g
a
n
d
o
f
fe
r
r
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c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
to
m
i
ti
g
a
te
t
h
e
i
r
d
ra
w
b
a
c
k
s
.
Th
i
s
p
a
p
e
r
c
o
n
tri
b
u
te
s
to
th
i
s
a
re
a
o
f
re
s
e
a
rc
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b
y
p
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v
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d
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d
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re
v
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w
o
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th
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a
v
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b
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p
ro
b
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s
to
a
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w
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re
s
e
a
r
c
h
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r
s
a
n
d
p
a
rti
c
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p
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n
ts
to
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rth
e
r
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
b
e
a
m
s
c
a
n
n
i
n
g
.
Th
e
n
e
w
d
i
re
c
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
th
i
s
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e
s
e
a
rc
h
a
re
a
l
s
o
d
e
s
c
ri
b
e
d
.
Key
w
ords
:
b
e
a
m
s
t
e
e
ri
n
g
,
c
o
n
tro
l
b
e
a
m
s
c
a
n
n
i
n
g
,
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ra
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
p
a
t
te
rn
,
HWM
L
WA
,
l
e
a
k
y
w
a
v
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
(L
WA)
Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
9
Uni
v
e
rsi
t
a
s
Ahm
a
d
D
a
hl
a
n.
All
rig
ht
s
r
e
s
e
rve
d
.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
T
he
i
nc
ep
t
i
on
of
a
s
l
ott
e
d
r
ec
tan
g
ul
ar wav
eg
ui
de
i
n t
h
e
19
40
s
i
ntrod
uc
ed
th
e
l
e
ak
y
wav
e
an
te
nn
as
(
L
W
A
s
)
[1]
.
A
s
ta
bl
e
growt
h
s
aw
r
ec
en
t
de
v
e
l
op
me
nts
be
i
ng
foc
us
e
d
o
n
pl
an
ar
LW
A
s
.
T
he
prop
erti
es
o
f
a
m
i
c
r
os
tr
i
p
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
l
i
ne
’
s
(
MTL)
hi
gh
er
-
order
m
od
e
w
as
fi
r
s
t
pu
b
l
i
s
h
ed
by
E
r
me
r
t i
n
the
l
ate
19
7
0s
[2
,
3]
.
U
nfo
r
tu
na
te
l
y
,
t
he
mi
c
r
o
s
tr
i
p
l
ea
k
y
wav
e
an
t
en
n
as
(
ML
W
A
s
)
wer
e
de
em
ed
i
nc
om
p
l
et
e
be
c
au
s
e
of
i
ts
l
o
ng
i
tud
i
n
al
pro
pa
ga
ti
on
c
on
s
ta
nt,
whi
c
h
w
a
s
c
om
po
s
e
d
of
on
l
y
a
ph
as
e
c
on
s
tan
t
(
β)
,
w
i
tho
ut
th
e
l
ea
k
ag
e
or
a
tte
n
u
ati
o
n
c
on
s
ta
nt
(
α)
.
Co
nc
urr
e
ntl
y
,
a
n
arti
c
l
e
on
MTL
an
t
en
n
a
u
ti
l
i
s
i
ng
the
f
i
r
s
t
h
i
g
he
r
-
order
mo
d
e
was
pu
bl
i
s
he
d
by
Me
nz
el
[4
,
5]
,
wh
o
as
s
um
ed
a
m
ea
ni
n
gfu
l
l
ea
k
ag
e
c
on
s
t
an
t
t
o
p
ermi
t
th
e
r
ad
i
at
i
on
of
the
s
tr
uc
t
ure
.
Howev
er,
he
fai
l
ed
to
no
t
i
c
e
t
ha
t
he
b
ui
l
t
an
L
W
A
;
thu
s
,
i
t
was
j
us
t
a
s
ho
r
t
on
e
[6
]
.
T
h
e
l
ea
k
y
t
r
av
el
l
i
ng
wav
e
an
te
nn
a
w
i
th
a
c
om
p
l
ex
p
r
op
ag
ati
on
c
on
s
ta
nt
de
v
e
l
op
ed
by
Me
nz
e
l
was
furt
h
er
c
l
arif
i
ed
by
O
l
i
n
er
[7]
.
F
or
furth
er
ba
c
k
groun
d
d
eta
i
l
s
an
d
h
i
s
tory
,
r
ea
de
r
s
are
r
ef
err
ed
t
o
[
8,
9]
.
I
n
t
he
r
ec
e
nt
d
ec
ad
es
,
t
he
m
i
c
r
os
tr
i
p
hi
gh
er
-
order
m
od
es
’
r
ad
i
ati
o
n
c
ha
r
ac
teri
s
ti
c
s
ha
v
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
i
nte
ns
i
v
e
s
tud
i
es
d
ue
t
o
the
ea
s
e
o
f
ma
nu
fac
turi
ng
,
l
arg
e
ba
nd
wi
dt
h,
na
r
r
ow
be
a
m
w
i
dth
,
i
nh
erent
be
a
m
s
tee
r
i
ng
wi
t
h
fr
eq
u
en
c
y
ab
i
l
i
ti
es
,
hi
g
h
ga
i
n
an
d
be
n
efi
t
of
be
i
ng
l
ow
p
r
ofi
l
e
c
on
fi
gu
r
ati
o
n
[10
,
11
]
.
T
he
s
e
pr
op
ert
i
es
al
l
ow
the
m
to
h
av
e
e
as
i
l
y
i
nte
gra
te
w
i
th
mi
l
l
i
m
ete
r
-
wav
e
a
nd
mi
c
r
owav
e
c
i
r
c
ui
ts
.
T
he
c
o
mp
l
ex
i
ty
of
mo
s
t
s
y
s
tem
s
tha
t
r
el
y
on
c
on
tr
ol
r
a
di
ati
on
pa
tte
r
n
fac
i
l
i
ti
es
s
uc
h
as
s
urv
ei
l
l
an
c
e,
po
i
nt
to
mu
l
ti
-
po
i
nt
wi
r
e
l
es
s
c
om
mu
n
i
c
ati
on
s
an
d
au
t
om
ot
i
v
e
r
ad
ar
etc
.
i
s
r
ed
uc
e
d
by
the
i
nh
er
en
t
be
am
-
s
c
an
ni
n
g
a
bi
l
i
t
i
es
of
LW
A
s
[
12
-
1
4].
R
es
ea
r
c
he
s
ha
v
e
do
ne
an
d
s
ti
l
l
be
i
ng
c
arr
i
ed
ou
t
on
f
i
r
s
t
m
i
c
r
os
tr
i
p
LW
A
.
T
he
d
i
s
ti
nc
t
v
ers
i
o
ns
of
L
W
A
s
tha
t
h
av
e
be
e
n
b
ui
l
t
t
o
da
t
e
i
nc
l
u
de
a
s
ub
s
tr
at
e
i
nte
grat
ed
wav
e
gu
i
de
-
l
ea
k
y
wav
e
an
te
nn
a
(
S
I
W
-
LW
A
)
w
i
th
tr
an
s
v
ers
e
s
l
ots
,
do
m
i
na
nt
-
mo
de
L
W
A
ba
s
e
d
on
me
ta
ma
t
eria
l
,
a
1D
F
a
bry
P
erot
(
F
P
)
-
L
W
A
,
a
h
al
f
wi
dt
h
m
i
c
r
os
tr
i
p
LW
A
(
H
W
-
ML
W
A
)
wi
t
h
e
dg
e
l
o
ad
i
ng
an
d
a
d
ou
b
l
e
-
pe
r
i
o
di
c
CRLH
S
I
W
-
L
W
A
,
a
b
utt
erf
l
y
S
IW
-
LW
A
,
a
mu
l
ti
l
ay
ere
d
c
om
po
s
i
t
e
r
i
gh
t
/l
e
ft
-
ha
nd
e
d
(
CRL
H)
L
W
A
,
a
S
IW
L
W
A
for
en
dfi
r
e
r
ad
i
at
i
o
n,
a
pe
r
i
od
i
c
ph
as
e rev
ers
al
L
W
A
, a
h
al
f
mo
de
s
ub
s
tr
ate
i
nte
grate
d
wav
e
g
ui
d
e
(
HM
-
S
IW
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
6,
D
ec
em
b
er 20
19
:
28
9
5
-
290
2
2896
c
i
r
c
ul
arly
po
l
ariz
e
d
LW
A
,
a
pe
r
i
o
di
c
H
W
-
LW
A
,
a
CRLH
S
I
W
L
W
A
,
a
c
ou
p
l
ed
H
W
-
L
W
A
E
H1
-
m
od
e
an
te
nn
a
,
a
HW
-
LW
A
w
i
th
p
erio
di
c
s
ho
r
t
c
i
r
c
ui
ts
,
a
s
ub
s
tr
ate
i
nte
gra
ted
c
om
p
os
i
t
e
r
i
gh
t
l
eft
ha
nd
(
CRL
H)
LW
A
wi
t
h
two
e
l
em
en
ts
[15
]
.
S
i
nc
e
t
he
e
l
ec
tr
i
c
fi
e
l
d
i
s
bo
un
d
s
tr
on
gl
y
be
twe
en
th
e
mi
c
r
os
tr
i
p
l
i
ne
an
d
th
e
grou
nd
p
l
an
e,
th
e
u
ni
for
m
mi
c
r
os
tr
i
p
l
i
ne
’
s
fun
d
am
en
tal
mo
d
e
l
ac
k
s
r
ad
i
ati
on
.
S
om
e
of
th
e
mi
c
r
os
tr
i
p’
s
hi
gh
er
-
ord
er
m
od
es
r
a
di
ate
as
l
ea
k
y
w
av
e
s
.
E
l
ec
tr
i
c
-
fi
e
l
d
i
s
nu
l
l
at
c
en
t
er an
d p
ha
s
e
i
s
r
ev
ers
al
i
n
fi
r
s
t h
i
gh
er
-
ord
er mod
e
T
hi
s
pa
p
er
ai
ms
to
an
al
y
s
e
s
the
fi
x
ed
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
be
a
m
s
tee
r
i
n
g
of
ML
W
A
s
a
to
pi
c
tha
t
ha
s
n
ot
be
e
n
s
y
s
tem
ati
c
al
l
y
r
ev
i
ew
ed
.
T
h
i
s
p
ap
er
ai
ms
t
o
prov
i
d
e
v
a
l
ua
bl
e
i
ns
i
g
hts
f
or
r
es
ea
r
c
he
r
s
by
c
om
preh
en
di
n
g
th
e
op
t
i
o
ns
tha
t
are
a
v
ai
l
a
bl
e
an
d
u
nl
oc
k
i
ng
k
ey
fea
tur
es
tha
t
c
ha
r
ac
teri
z
e
th
i
s
po
te
nt
i
al
l
i
ne
of
r
es
ea
r
c
h.
T
h
e
fo
l
l
o
wi
n
g
s
ec
ti
on
ex
p
l
a
i
ns
th
e
c
oh
er
e
nt
tax
o
no
my
.
T
hi
s
pa
r
ti
c
u
l
ar
top
i
c
ha
s
be
e
n
di
s
c
us
s
ed
i
n
m
an
y
ma
n
us
c
r
i
pts
,
an
d
a
s
y
s
tem
i
c
r
ev
i
e
w
i
s
ne
c
es
s
ary
to
s
um
ma
r
i
z
e
a
l
l
the
l
ate
s
t
r
es
ea
r
c
h
f
i
nd
i
ng
s
.
T
he
m
eth
od
o
f
t
hi
s
p
ap
er
i
s
hi
gh
l
i
g
hte
d
by
di
s
c
us
s
i
ng
the
m
oti
v
ati
on
s
of
prev
i
o
us
s
tud
i
es
.
T
hi
s
al
s
o
ai
d
s
ne
w
r
es
ea
r
c
h
ers
i
n
de
v
el
op
i
ng
th
ei
r
r
es
pe
c
ti
v
e s
tu
di
es
.
2.
Be
am
S
t
e
er
ing
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
A
ma
p
of
t
ax
on
o
my
c
ate
go
r
i
z
i
ng
arti
c
l
es
f
ol
l
ow
i
ng
g
oa
l
s
an
d
th
e
r
es
p
ec
ti
v
e
s
tud
y
di
r
ec
ti
on
of
c
on
tr
i
bu
t
i
on
i
s
prov
i
d
ed
i
n
F
i
g
ure
1.
S
ev
en
m
ai
n
c
l
as
s
es
are
i
nc
l
u
de
d
i
n
t
hi
s
c
ate
go
r
i
z
ati
on
.
Res
ea
r
c
h
as
s
oc
i
at
ed
to
t
h
e
c
on
tr
ol
of
r
ad
i
at
i
on
pa
tt
e
r
n
c
l
as
s
i
fi
c
at
i
on
i
s
the
f
i
r
s
t
c
l
as
s
.
A
be
a
m
s
tee
r
i
ng
i
s
i
nd
i
c
ate
d
by
th
e
r
es
u
l
ts
o
f
arti
c
l
es
w
i
th
i
n
thi
s
c
a
teg
ory
v
i
a
m
eta
ma
t
eria
l
t
ec
hn
i
qu
e.
S
ev
en
t
ee
n
arti
c
l
es
are
i
n
t
hi
s
s
et
(
17
%)
.
F
ou
r
te
en
arti
c
l
es
r
ep
r
es
en
t
i
ng
s
t
ud
i
es
ab
o
ut
l
o
ad
i
ng
wi
t
h
v
arac
tors
are
i
n
th
e
s
ec
o
nd
c
l
as
s
(
14
%)
.
E
i
gh
t
arti
c
l
es
r
ep
r
es
en
t
i
n
g
t
he
s
tud
i
es
on
be
am
s
te
erin
g
by
ap
p
l
i
e
d
e
l
ec
tr
i
c
an
d
m
a
gn
et
i
c
fi
e
l
d
t
o
th
e
l
i
qu
i
d
c
r
y
s
t
al
are
i
n
t
he
th
i
r
d
c
l
as
s
(
8%)
.
S
i
x
art
i
c
l
es
r
ep
r
es
en
t
i
ng
s
tu
di
es
on
be
am
s
t
ee
r
i
ng
by
a
l
teri
n
g
c
ap
ac
i
t
or
c
ap
ac
i
t
an
c
e,
c
on
ne
c
te
d
at
the
H
M
-
S
I
W
fr
ee
ed
ge
s
i
de
,
are
i
n
the
fou
r
t
h
c
l
as
s
(
6%)
.
S
i
x
art
i
c
l
es
r
e
pres
en
t
i
n
g
s
tud
i
es
of
b
ea
m
s
tee
r
i
ng
v
i
a
the
ut
i
l
i
z
at
i
on
of
ga
p
c
ap
ac
i
tor
are
i
n
t
he
fi
fth
c
l
as
s
(
6%)
.
T
wo
arti
c
l
e
s
r
ep
r
es
en
ti
ng
s
tud
i
es
o
n
be
am
s
te
erin
g
v
i
a
s
tub
l
oa
de
d
are
i
n
th
e
s
i
x
th
c
l
as
s
(
2%)
.
S
i
x
art
i
c
l
e
s
r
ep
r
es
en
ti
ng
s
tud
i
es
on
o
the
r
t
ec
hn
i
qu
e
s
are
i
n
the
s
ev
e
nth
c
l
as
s
(
6%)
.
T
he
l
as
t
c
l
as
s
i
nc
l
u
d
es
f
ou
r
art
i
c
l
es
tha
t
r
ep
r
es
en
t
r
ev
i
ew
an
d
s
urv
ey
arti
c
l
es
ab
o
ut
LW
A
s
(
4%)
.
T
he
n
ex
t
s
ub
s
ec
t
i
on
prov
i
d
es
a
de
ta
i
l
ed
e
l
a
bo
r
at
i
on
on
the
arti
c
l
es
l
i
nk
ed
w
i
th
ea
c
h
c
a
t
eg
ory
.
th
e
6
3
arti
c
l
es
pro
du
c
ed
by
th
e
fi
na
l
s
et.
A
l
l
s
e
l
ec
te
d
art
i
c
l
es
w
ere
l
i
nk
ed
to
be
a
m
s
c
an
n
i
ng
for
ML
W
A
s
at
f
i
x
ed
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
,
wi
t
h
4 a
r
ti
c
l
es
r
ev
i
ew
an
d s
urv
e
y
.
F
i
g
ure
1.
N
um
b
er of re
l
ev
a
nt
c
r
i
ti
c
a
l
art
i
c
l
es
i
n d
i
ff
eren
t te
c
hn
i
qu
es
of
be
am
s
tee
r
i
ng
by
y
ea
r
of
p
ub
l
i
c
ati
on
2.1
.
R
ev
i
ew
and
S
u
r
ve
y A
r
t
icl
e
s
S
urv
ey
s
an
d
r
ev
i
e
ws
of
l
i
ter
atu
r
e
r
e
l
at
ed
to
be
a
m
s
te
eri
ng
ma
k
e u
p
t
he
l
as
t
an
d
s
m
al
l
es
t
group
of
arti
c
l
es
(
4)
i
n
ou
r
tax
on
o
my
.
A
r
ev
i
ew
an
d
s
um
m
ary
of
l
at
es
t
d
ev
el
op
m
en
ts
f
or
L
W
A
s
an
d
t
he
ba
s
i
c
p
hy
s
i
c
s
an
d
op
erati
ng
me
c
ha
ni
s
ms
i
s
do
ne
by
r
es
ea
r
c
he
r
s
i
n
[16]
.
S
o
me
of
the
l
at
es
t
de
v
el
op
me
nts
i
n
the
L
W
A
f
i
e
l
d
ha
v
e
be
en
l
i
nk
e
d
t
o
l
at
es
t
d
e
v
el
op
me
n
ts
i
n
the
m
eta
m
ate
r
i
al
s
are
a,
w
hi
c
h
ha
s
p
arti
c
u
l
arly
i
ns
pi
r
ed
ne
w
de
s
i
gn
s
.
T
he
y
ha
v
e
al
s
o
a
na
l
y
z
ed
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N:
1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
Rev
i
ew
on
f
i
x
ed
-
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
be
am
s
tee
r
i
ng
f
or l
ea
k
y
wa
v
e
an
te
nn
a
(
J
. S
.
K
as
i
m
)
2897
di
s
ti
nc
t
de
s
i
gn
s
tha
t
a
dd
r
es
s
ed
th
e
s
to
pb
a
nd
i
s
s
ue
at
br
oa
ds
i
de
.
T
h
e
m
aj
or
i
s
s
u
es
s
urr
ou
nd
i
n
g
the
uti
l
i
z
at
i
o
n
of
m
i
l
l
i
me
t
er
w
av
e
fr
eq
ue
nc
i
es
for
5G
c
om
mu
n
i
c
ati
on
s
y
s
tem
s
are
d
i
s
c
us
s
ed
i
n
[17
]
,
whi
c
h i
nc
l
u
de
s
at
t
en
u
ati
on
by
ob
j
ec
ts
, a
nte
nn
a
mi
s
a
l
i
g
nm
en
ts
an
d s
ev
er pa
th
l
os
s
. E
x
pl
an
at
i
o
ns
are
a
l
s
o
prov
i
d
ed
on
the
w
ay
be
am
s
t
ee
r
i
ng
c
a
n
s
o
l
v
e
th
i
s
i
s
s
ue
,
as
r
ec
om
me
n
de
d
i
n
l
i
tera
ture.
Di
s
ti
nc
t
be
am
s
te
erin
g
tec
h
ni
q
ue
s
s
ou
r
c
ed
fr
om
l
i
terat
ure
are
pres
en
t
ed
an
d
c
om
pa
r
ed
i
n
terms
of
fi
g
ures
of
me
r
i
t
(
i
ns
tea
d o
f
LW
A
)
i
n
th
i
s
r
ev
i
ew.
T
h
e b
as
i
c
prac
ti
c
a
l
ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
on
s
an
d
th
eo
r
et
i
c
al
prin
c
i
pl
es
of
el
ec
tr
o
ma
gn
et
i
c
l
ea
k
y
wav
es
are
r
ev
i
e
w
ed
i
n
[
18
]
,
w
i
t
h
few
c
on
ne
c
ti
on
s
l
i
nk
ed
t
o
mi
c
r
owav
e,
en
gi
ne
er
i
ng
a
nd
o
pti
c
a
l
p
hy
s
i
c
s
.
In
a
dd
i
ti
on
,
di
s
c
us
s
i
on
s
are
m
ad
e
on
the
way
the
th
eo
r
y
of
l
ea
k
y
wav
e
h
as
a
s
i
gn
i
fi
c
a
nt
r
ol
e
i
n
un
d
ers
tan
di
ng
d
i
ff
erent
p
he
no
me
na
,
i
nc
l
ud
i
ng
s
om
e
of
the
an
o
ma
l
ou
s
op
ti
c
al
i
m
pa
c
ts
tha
t
are
un
ex
pl
a
i
na
bl
e
by
tr
ad
i
t
i
on
al
ge
o
me
tr
i
c
a
l
o
pti
c
s
an
d
di
ffrac
ti
on
the
ory
.
Res
ea
r
c
he
r
s
i
n
[
19
]
ha
v
e
l
oo
k
ed
i
nt
o
t
he
ev
ol
uti
on
of
C
RLH
-
LW
A
s
t
o
produc
e
f
ew
ne
w
CRLH
LW
A
.
T
he
i
ntrod
uc
ti
on
of
the
c
on
c
ep
t
of
C
RLH
-
LW
A
s
l
ed
to
the
di
s
c
us
s
i
on
of
th
e
c
on
c
av
e
an
d
c
o
nv
ex
pa
s
s
i
v
e
C
RLH
L
W
A
s
a
l
on
g
w
i
th
th
e
c
on
form
ati
on
i
mp
ac
ts
i
n
ea
c
h
c
as
e.
T
o
c
om
pe
ns
ate
for
th
e
c
o
nfo
r
m
ati
o
n
i
m
pa
c
t
an
d
t
hu
s
r
e
di
r
ec
t
foc
us
on
t
o
the
ma
i
n
r
a
di
ati
on
be
am
,
di
s
pe
r
s
i
on
en
g
i
n
ee
r
i
ng
s
y
s
tem
i
s
i
ntrod
uc
ed
.
M
oreov
er,
r
ev
i
e
ws
are
ma
de
ab
o
ut
the
p
l
a
na
r
an
d
c
on
for
ma
l
v
arac
t
o
r
s
ba
s
ed
on
CRLH
-
L
W
A
s
tha
t
are
el
ec
tr
on
i
c
a
l
l
y
c
on
tr
ol
l
ed
.
2.2
.
B
ea
m
S
t
ee
r
ing
b
y
U
si
n
g
Me
t
amat
e
r
ial
s
T
he
i
ni
ti
a
l
s
e
gm
en
t
of
the
r
es
ea
r
c
h
i
s
d
i
r
ec
ted
the
us
e
of
me
tam
ate
r
i
al
s
to
r
eg
u
l
ate
r
ad
i
at
i
o
n p
at
tern. Th
e t
y
pe
of
me
t
am
a
teri
al
s
an
d c
on
tr
ol
m
ai
n
be
a
m t
ec
h
ni
qu
e w
e
r
e c
l
as
s
i
fi
e
d b
y
uti
l
i
z
i
ng
arti
c
l
es
l
i
s
ted
i
n
t
hi
s
gro
up
.
T
hi
s
c
l
as
s
h
ol
ds
19
%
of
the
s
el
ec
t
ed
s
tud
i
es
un
de
r
the
c
l
as
s
i
f
i
c
ati
on
c
at
eg
ory
.
A
di
el
ec
tr
i
c
fi
l
m
fi
t
ted
w
i
t
h
me
t
al
s
tr
i
ps
a
nd
fe
d
by
the
i
ma
g
e
l
i
ne
c
om
po
s
e
d
of
hi
g
h
d
i
e
l
ec
tr
i
c
ma
teri
al
c
o
ns
tan
t
was
u
ti
l
i
z
ed
by
r
es
ea
r
c
he
r
s
i
n
[
20
]
.
A
s
i
m
pl
e
s
tr
uc
ture
i
s
ac
hi
ev
ed
by
uti
l
i
z
i
ng
a
10
.
8
r
el
ati
v
e
di
el
ec
tr
i
c
c
on
s
t
an
t
i
ma
ge
l
i
ne
,
w
i
de
an
d
s
y
mm
etri
c
al
be
am
-
s
te
erin
g
an
g
l
e.
A
pa
r
t
i
c
ul
ar
weak
ne
s
s
of
t
hi
s
d
es
i
g
n
s
y
s
tem
i
s
t
ha
t
i
t
i
s
non
-
r
ec
on
f
i
g
urab
l
e,
t
hu
s
l
ar
ge
c
el
l
s
are
no
t
op
erabl
e
for
oth
er
c
on
f
i
g
urati
on
s
fo
l
l
owi
ng
fab
r
i
c
ati
on
.
A
s
i
l
l
us
tr
ate
d
i
n
F
i
g
ure
2,
t
he
d
es
i
g
n
i
n
[21]
i
s
ma
de
u
p
of
v
arac
tor
di
o
de
s
w
i
th
u
ni
t
c
e
l
l
i
n
s
h
un
t
an
d
s
erie
s
c
on
f
i
gu
r
ati
on
,
wi
th
th
e
wav
eg
ui
de
’
s
β
be
i
ng
e
l
ec
tr
on
i
c
al
l
y
al
t
ered
t
hroug
h
two
DC
v
ol
tag
es
(
V
S
,
V
S
H)
fr
o
m
l
e
ft
ha
n
d
to
r
i
g
ht
ha
nd
.
T
h
e
f
utu
r
e
wor
k
of
th
i
s
de
s
i
gn
i
s
c
an
s
wi
tc
hi
n
g
be
twe
en
t
he
tw
o
i
np
u
t
po
r
t
s
the
be
am
c
a
n
be
s
te
ered
fr
om
bro
ad
s
i
d
e
to
ne
g
ati
v
e
an
d
po
s
i
ti
v
e
an
g
l
es
, b
ut
th
e g
ai
n
fo
r
e
ac
h p
at
tern
i
s
l
o
w be
twee
n (3
–
4) d
B
i
.
F
i
gu
r
e
2
.
P
r
oto
ty
p
e o
f
CRL
H
-
LW
A
an
d d
eta
i
l
s
of
th
e
u
ni
t c
e
l
l
[21]
2.3
.
L
o
ad
ed
V
ar
a
cto
r
-
b
as
ed
T
ec
h
n
iqu
e
Due
to
t
he
fac
t
t
ha
t
t
he
i
r
c
ap
ac
i
ta
nc
e
i
s
ea
s
i
l
y
c
ha
n
ge
ab
l
e
t
hroug
h
th
e
bi
as
v
ol
ta
ge
,
prov
i
de
r
ec
on
f
i
gu
r
a
bl
e
s
urf
ac
e
i
m
pe
da
nc
e
by
v
arac
tor
di
o
de
s
are
i
n
teg
r
at
ed
i
nt
o
the
L
W
A
,
th
us
al
l
owi
ng
f
i
x
ed
-
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
be
am
s
c
an
ni
ng
.
S
ub
s
e
qu
e
ntl
y
,
the
l
ea
k
y
wa
v
e’
s
r
ad
i
at
i
o
n
di
r
ec
ti
on
c
an
be
s
tee
r
ed
i
n
an
el
ec
tr
o
ni
c
al
l
y
way
at
a
fi
x
e
d
fr
e
qu
en
c
y
.
Res
e
arc
he
r
s
i
n
[
22
]
are
g
i
v
en
fi
x
ed
-
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
be
a
m
s
te
e
r
i
ng
ab
i
l
i
ti
es
i
n
t
hi
s
c
o
mm
un
i
c
at
i
o
n.
A
s
h
un
t
an
d
s
e
r
i
es
c
ap
ac
i
ti
v
e
tun
i
ng
e
l
e
me
n
ts
l
oa
d
th
e
an
te
nn
a,
thu
s
prov
i
di
ng
two
de
grees
of
fr
ee
d
om
whi
c
h
a
l
l
ows
ma
n
i
pu
l
at
i
o
n
of
i
ts
di
s
p
ers
i
on
propert
i
es
.
A
s
i
l
l
us
tr
at
ed
i
n
F
i
g
ure
3,
t
he
s
ug
ge
s
ted
de
s
i
gn
o
f
the
L
W
A
i
n
th
i
s
arti
c
l
e
h
a
s
s
ho
wn
to
ha
v
e
ex
c
el
l
en
t
po
t
en
t
i
al
for
f
i
x
ed
o
pe
r
at
i
ng
fr
eq
u
en
c
y
app
l
i
c
at
i
on
s
t
ha
t
ne
ed
a
wi
de
r
an
ge
of
b
ea
m s
c
an
ni
ng
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
6,
D
ec
em
b
er 20
19
:
28
9
5
-
290
2
2898
F
i
g
ure
3
. To
p v
i
e
w of
t
he
propos
ed
an
t
en
n
a d
es
i
g
n s
i
n
gl
e
l
ay
er H
MS
IW
LW
A
[
22
]
2.4
.
L
iqu
id
C
r
y
stal
(
L
C)
-
b
as
ed T
e
chn
iqu
e
Rec
en
t
l
y
,
th
e
L
C
w
as
c
oi
n
ed
t
o
t
he
mi
c
r
ow
av
e
f
i
el
d,
f
r
om
th
e
op
t
i
c
al
fi
el
d
to
s
erv
e
as
a
no
v
el
an
d
el
ec
tr
i
c
al
l
y
un
a
bl
e
ma
ter
i
a
l
[23
]
.
O
r
i
en
tat
i
on
by
b
i
as
v
ol
t
ag
e
of
th
e
l
i
q
ui
d
c
r
y
s
tal
mo
l
ec
ul
es
i
s
po
s
s
i
b
l
e,
w
hi
c
h
v
ar
i
es
i
ts
di
e
l
ec
tr
i
c
c
on
s
tan
t.
L
W
A
s
wi
t
h
LC
us
ua
l
l
y
ha
v
e
c
ha
r
ac
teri
s
ti
c
s
of
l
ow
prof
i
l
e,
l
i
ne
ar
l
y
tun
i
ng
,
hi
gh
ga
i
n
an
d
ex
c
e
l
l
en
t
c
om
pa
t
i
b
i
l
i
ty
wi
th
m
os
t
of
mat
er
i
al
s
[24]
.
T
h
e
LC
m
a
y
be
ma
g
ne
t
i
c
al
l
y
tu
ne
d
or
ei
t
he
r
el
ec
tr
i
c
al
l
y
.
No
ne
th
el
es
s
,
t
he
l
i
qu
i
d
c
r
y
s
tal
do
es
ha
v
e
s
ev
era
l
d
i
s
ad
v
an
t
ag
es
wh
i
c
h
i
nc
l
ud
e
a
s
ma
l
l
tu
n
i
n
g ra
ng
e
wh
en
i
t
i
s
u
ti
l
i
z
ed
i
n
c
on
tr
ol
l
ed
el
ec
tr
i
c
a
l
l
y
for
mi
c
r
owav
e
de
v
i
c
es
.
In
a
dd
i
ti
o
n,
a
k
ey
i
s
s
ue
tha
t
r
e
ma
i
ns
un
r
es
ol
v
e
d
i
s
i
ts
c
om
p
l
ex
c
on
f
i
g
urati
on
.
2.5
.
L
o
ad
ed
Capa
cito
r
-
b
a
se
d
Techn
iqu
e
In
th
i
s
me
th
od
,
a
l
terat
i
o
n
of
the
c
ap
ac
i
ta
nc
e
o
f
c
ap
ac
i
t
ors
th
at
are
l
i
nk
e
d
al
on
g
the
a
nte
n
na
ap
ert
ure’
s
l
en
g
th
en
ab
l
es
s
tee
r
i
ng
o
f
th
e
m
ai
n
be
a
m.
T
h
e
β
i
s
c
ha
ng
e
d
by
al
t
erati
on
s
i
n
c
a
pa
c
i
t
an
c
e,
whi
c
h
th
en
c
ha
ng
es
th
e
ma
i
n b
e
am
’
s
d
i
r
ec
ti
o
n
by
eq
u
ati
on
No.1
.
A
HMS
IW
L
W
A
whi
c
h
di
g
i
t
al
l
y
s
c
an
s
i
ts
pr
i
ma
r
y
be
a
m
a
t
fi
x
e
d
fr
e
qu
e
n
c
y
of
26
G
Hz
w
as
prop
os
ed
by
r
es
ea
r
c
he
r
s
i
n
[2
5]
.
A
l
tera
ti
o
n
of
th
e
P
IN
d
i
od
es
’
s
tat
us
a
l
l
ows
s
tee
r
i
ng
of
the
an
t
en
n
a’
s
prim
ary
be
am
.
T
he
an
t
en
n
a
bo
dy
i
s
l
i
nk
e
d
to
on
e
e
nd
of
t
he
d
i
o
d
e
whi
l
e
th
e
oth
er
e
nd
i
s
l
i
nk
ed
to
a
pri
nte
d
r
ec
tan
gu
l
ar
p
atc
h,
wh
i
c
h
fu
nc
ti
on
s
as
a
c
a
pa
c
i
t
or.
A
h
al
f
wi
dt
h
m
i
c
r
os
tr
i
p
l
i
ne
’
s
fr
ee
ed
ge
i
s
l
o
ad
e
d
wi
th
s
ev
er
al
i
nt
erdi
gi
t
al
c
a
p
ac
i
tors
i
n
[26
]
.
2.6
.
L
o
ad
ed
S
t
u
b
-
b
as
ed T
ec
h
n
iqu
e
A
r
ec
on
f
i
g
urab
l
e
s
tu
b
-
l
o
ad
e
d
HW
-
ML
W
A
i
s
pres
e
nte
d b
y
au
th
ors
i
n
[27
]
. A
s
i
l
l
us
tr
ate
d i
n
F
i
g
ure
4,
t
he
H
W
-
ML
W
A
w
i
th
pe
r
i
od
i
c
s
tub
s
on
on
e
s
i
de
i
s
fi
x
ed
w
i
th
a
s
et
o
f
pe
r
i
od
i
c
p
atc
he
s
tha
t
m
ay
be
s
e
l
ec
t
i
v
el
y
l
i
nk
ed
to
t
he
groun
d
by
ut
i
l
i
z
i
n
g
P
IN
d
i
o
de
s
.
T
he
mi
c
r
os
tr
i
p l
i
n
e’
s
ef
fec
ti
v
e
β
i
s
al
tered
by
c
ha
ng
i
ng
t
he
p
erio
di
c
l
oa
di
n
g
o
n
th
e
mi
c
r
os
tr
i
p
l
i
ne
.
T
hu
s
,
r
e
g
ul
at
i
n
g
th
e
P
IN
di
o
de
s
’
s
t
ate
s
(
o
f
f
a
nd
o
n) al
l
ows
s
te
erin
g
of
th
e
b
ea
m
.
B
y
ob
s
erv
i
n
g
th
e
r
a
di
ati
on
pa
tt
erns
for
al
l
s
wi
tc
he
s
i
s
off
an
d
al
l
i
s
o
n
hi
gh
er
c
ap
ac
i
tan
c
e
i
.
e.
a
s
ma
l
l
er
r
e
ac
tan
c
e
r
es
ul
ts
i
n
a
m
ai
n
b
ea
m
di
r
ec
ted
aw
ay
fr
o
m
e
nd
f
i
r
e
an
d
s
m
al
l
er
c
a
pa
c
i
t
an
c
e
i
.e
.
l
arger
r
ea
c
tan
c
e
r
es
u
l
ts
i
n
a
be
am
di
r
ec
ted
to
war
ds
en
df
i
r
e.
F
urther,
t
hi
s
ob
s
erv
at
i
on
l
ea
ds
to
c
o
nc
l
u
de
tha
t
turn
i
n
g
the
P
IN
d
i
od
es
on
r
es
ul
ts
i
n
a
r
e
l
at
i
v
el
y
s
ma
l
l
er
ef
fec
ti
v
e
β
c
o
mp
are
d
to
th
e
eff
ec
ti
v
e
β
wh
en
al
l
P
IN
di
o
de
s
are off
.
2.7
.
L
o
ad
ed
G
ap Cap
ac
it
o
r
-
b
as
ed T
e
chn
iqu
e
A
di
g
i
ta
l
me
t
ho
d
t
o
s
c
an
th
e
pe
r
i
od
i
c
M
LW
A
s
’
be
am
i
n
s
tep
s
a
t
a
f
i
x
ed
l
oc
ate
d
fr
e
qu
en
c
y
,
us
i
ng
on
l
y
tw
o
D
C
b
i
as
v
o
l
tag
e
v
a
l
ue
s
i
s
ap
pro
ac
hi
n
g
i
n
[
28
]
.
T
he
c
on
tr
o
l
r
ad
i
a
ti
on
p
att
ern
i
s
ac
hi
ev
e
d
w
i
th
o
ut
al
teri
ng
t
he
op
erat
i
n
g
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
an
d
n
ee
d
for
l
u
mp
e
d
c
a
pa
c
i
t
ors
by
l
oa
d
i
n
g
the
mi
c
r
os
tr
i
p
l
i
ne
’
s
fr
ee
e
dg
e
wi
th
pe
r
i
od
i
c
ga
p
c
ap
ac
i
tors
an
d
r
eg
ul
ati
ng
the
i
r
c
on
ne
c
ti
o
n
to
the
gr
ou
n
d
p
l
an
e
by
b
i
n
ary
P
IN
di
od
e
s
w
i
tc
he
s
.
T
hi
s
me
th
od
as
s
i
s
ts
i
n
r
u
nn
i
ng
of
an
al
y
s
i
s
a
nd
de
s
i
g
n
o
f
r
ec
on
fi
g
urab
l
e
pe
r
i
od
i
c
s
tr
uc
ture
i
n
a
mo
r
e
s
y
s
tem
at
i
c
m
an
ne
r
.
T
he
protot
y
pe
a
nte
n
na
’
s
me
as
ure
d
s
c
an
n
i
n
g
r
an
ge
i
s
29
o
at
6
G
Hz
.
T
h
e
me
as
ured
p
ea
k
g
ai
n
at
6
Hz
wa
s
12
.9
dB
i
.
Its
v
aria
ti
on
i
ns
i
de
the
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
c
an
was
on
l
y
1.
2
d
B
i
.
D
i
g
i
ta
l
s
w
i
tc
he
s
an
d
na
r
r
ow
g
ap
s
th
at
ac
t
as
c
ap
ac
i
tors
wer
e
uti
l
i
z
e
d
by
[29]
.
T
h
e
ea
s
e
of
ha
v
i
ng
a
wi
d
e
r
an
g
e
of
s
wi
tc
h
c
o
mb
i
na
t
i
on
s
i
s
po
s
s
i
bl
e
by
h
av
i
n
g
e
ac
h
c
o
ns
i
s
ti
n
g
of
s
ev
era
l
di
gi
t
al
s
wi
tc
he
s
.
T
he
m
ai
n
b
ea
m
c
an
be
di
r
ec
ted
towa
r
ds
s
ev
era
l
d
i
s
ti
nc
t
di
r
ec
ti
on
s
v
i
a a
l
tera
ti
o
n o
f
th
e
s
wi
tc
h c
on
f
i
gu
r
ati
on
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N:
1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
Rev
i
ew
on
f
i
x
ed
-
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
be
am
s
tee
r
i
ng
f
or l
ea
k
y
wa
v
e
an
te
nn
a
(
J
. S
.
K
as
i
m
)
2899
F
i
g
ure
4.
s
tr
uc
t
ure
of
r
ec
o
n
fi
gu
r
a
bl
e H
W
-
ML
W
A
: (a)
to
p v
i
ew
of
u
ni
t
c
el
l
,
(
b) s
i
de
v
i
ew o
f
un
i
t c
e
l
l
,
an
d (c
)
to
p v
i
e
w of
al
l
s
tr
uc
tur
e
[27
]
3.
Co
mp
a
r
ison
of
Te
chn
i
q
u
es
A
n
ov
erv
i
ew
of
ea
c
h
s
c
an
ni
ng
tec
h
ni
qu
e
f
ou
nd
i
n
l
i
ter
a
ture
an
d
c
ha
r
ac
ter
i
s
ti
c
s
fo
l
l
owi
n
g
the
tab
l
es
d
i
s
c
us
s
ed
i
n
s
ec
t
i
on
2
i
s
pres
en
te
d
i
n
T
a
bl
e
1.
Cont
i
n
uo
us
s
tee
r
i
ng
b
as
ed
on
th
e
ac
ti
v
e
de
v
i
c
e
ut
i
l
i
z
ed
c
an
be
ac
h
i
e
v
ed
by
be
am
s
tee
r
i
ng
by
us
i
ng
m
eta
ma
ter
i
a
l
s
. Th
e
an
t
en
na
’
s
ov
eral
l
si
z
e
i
s
l
arg
er
th
an
the
me
t
am
at
eria
l
s
urfac
e
c
om
pa
r
e
d
wi
th
the
ori
gi
na
l
an
ten
na
.
T
he
s
tan
d
ard
qu
a
l
i
ty
of
C
he
m
i
c
al
v
ap
o
ur
de
po
s
i
ti
on
(
C
V
D)
gra
ph
en
e
r
es
ul
ts
i
n
l
ow
l
ev
el
s
o
f
o
hm
i
c
,
as
r
ev
ea
l
e
d
by
the
fi
r
s
t
r
ea
l
i
z
at
i
o
ns
of
graphe
ne
-
b
as
ed
de
v
i
c
es
[30]
.
T
he
v
arac
t
or
tec
hn
i
qu
e,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
c
om
mo
nl
y
l
oa
de
d
on
L
W
A
s
,
ha
s
l
ower
c
os
t
of
produc
t
i
on
an
d
c
an
be
i
nd
ep
en
d
en
t
l
y
c
on
tr
ol
l
ed
[
31
]
.
H
owev
er,
n
etwo
r
k
bi
as
i
ng
i
s
c
om
mo
nl
y
c
om
pl
i
c
ate
d,
an
d
the
v
arac
tor
c
an
on
l
y
b
e
uti
l
i
z
ed
at
fr
eq
u
en
c
i
es
be
l
o
w
10
G
Hz
[
32
]
,
th
us
l
i
mi
ti
n
g
i
ts
ap
p
l
i
c
at
i
o
n.
T
h
e
M
E
M
S
c
an
s
w
i
tc
h
be
twe
en
tw
o
di
s
t
i
nc
t
s
tat
es
,
bu
t
i
t
po
s
s
es
s
es
a
s
ma
l
l
a
nd
di
s
c
on
ti
nu
i
ty
tun
i
ng
r
an
g
e
as
a
tun
ab
l
e
mean
[
33
]
. M
E
M
S
, fe
r
r
i
tes
an
d d
i
od
es
, a
r
e m
a
i
nl
y
ut
i
l
i
z
ed
i
n t
he
L
W
A
as
tu
na
bl
e m
ea
ns
. Fer
r
i
t
es
po
s
s
es
s
l
i
gh
t
wei
gh
t,
h
i
gh
tun
i
ng
s
pe
e
d,
h
i
g
h
p
ermi
tti
v
i
ty
an
d
p
ermea
bi
l
i
ty
[34
]
,
an
d
c
a
n
ea
s
i
l
y
ac
hi
ev
e
wi
de
s
c
an
an
gl
e
a
nd
m
i
n
i
at
uriz
at
i
on
wi
tho
ut
l
oweri
ng
ga
i
n
[
35
]
.
How
ev
e
r
,
the
y
e
nta
i
l
a
hi
g
h
c
os
t
of
prod
uc
ti
o
n
an
d
s
tr
en
gt
h
ma
g
ne
t
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
an
d
h
av
e
bi
g
ge
r
eff
ec
ts
on
m
i
c
r
owav
e
b
an
d
de
v
i
c
es
[3
6]
.
T
he
l
u
mp
e
d
el
e
me
nt
(
c
ap
ac
i
tor)
tec
h
ni
qu
e
ma
y
no
t
be
s
u
i
ta
bl
e
f
or
s
pa
c
e
bo
r
ne
ap
p
l
i
c
at
i
on
s
be
c
a
us
e
th
ey
c
an
r
es
u
l
t
i
n
l
os
s
es
.
O
wi
ng
t
o
i
ts
l
ow
i
ns
erti
o
n
l
os
s
es
an
d
pe
r
f
ormanc
e
tha
t
i
s
no
t
de
grade
d
at
an
y
po
i
nt,
the
g
ap
c
a
pa
c
i
t
or
be
am
s
tee
r
i
ng
tec
h
ni
qu
e
ma
y
b
e
i
de
al
for
be
am
s
tee
r
i
ng
.
T
ab
l
e
1
.
C
om
pa
r
i
s
o
n
be
twe
en
of
B
e
am
S
c
an
ni
ng
Tec
h
ni
q
ue
s
Ty
p
e
o
f
b
e
a
m
s
t
e
e
r
ing
t
e
c
h
n
iqu
e
C
o
mplex
i
t
y
los
s
e
s
S
iz
e
C
o
s
t
S
c
a
n
n
ing
r
a
n
g
e
Met
a
ma
t
e
r
ials
b
a
s
e
d
t
e
c
h
n
iqu
e
med
ium
h
igh
med
ium
h
igh
low
L
iqu
id
c
r
y
s
t
a
l
-
b
a
s
e
d
t
e
c
h
n
iqu
e
H
igh
h
igh
med
ium
h
igh
low
L
o
a
d
e
d
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
-
b
a
s
e
d
t
e
c
h
n
iqu
e
med
ium
med
ium
dependent
on
o
p
r
a
t
ing
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
low
med
ium
L
o
a
d
e
d
v
a
r
a
c
t
o
r
-
b
a
s
e
d
t
e
c
h
n
iqu
e
med
ium
med
ium
dependent
on
o
p
r
a
t
ing
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
low
med
ium
L
o
a
d
e
d
s
t
u
b
-
b
a
s
e
d
t
e
c
h
n
iqu
e
med
ium
low
dependent
on
o
p
r
a
t
ing
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
low
med
ium
On
e
g
a
p
c
a
p
a
c
it
o
r
-
b
a
s
e
d
t
e
c
h
n
iqu
e
Low
low
dependent
on
o
p
r
a
t
ing
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
low
med
ium
4
.
Re
com
men
d
atio
n
s
W
e
prov
i
d
e b
r
i
ef
r
ec
om
me
nd
at
i
on
s
for b
ea
m s
te
erin
g
for L
W
A
s
at
a f
i
x
ed
fr
eq
u
en
c
y
th
at
i
s
de
p
en
d
en
t
on
t
ec
hn
i
qu
e
uti
l
i
z
ed
ba
s
e
d o
n
l
i
terat
ure,
as
i
l
l
us
tr
at
ed
i
n Fi
g
ure
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
6,
D
ec
em
b
er 20
19
:
28
9
5
-
290
2
2900
F
i
g
ure
5.
R
ec
om
m
en
d
at
i
on
s
c
ate
go
r
i
es
fo
r
c
on
tr
ol
r
a
di
ati
o
n p
att
ern
for L
W
A
s
at
f
i
x
ed
frequ
en
c
y
4.1.
R
ec
o
mm
end
atio
n
s
R
ela
t
ed
t
o
t
h
e using
Me
t
am
ateri
a
ls
T
e
chn
iqu
e
Res
ea
r
c
he
r
s
i
n
[37
]
ma
d
e
r
ec
om
m
e
nd
ati
on
s
on
the
g
e
ne
r
al
p
erfor
ma
nc
e
of
th
i
s
s
i
mp
l
e
an
te
nn
a
s
tr
uc
ture,
c
i
t
i
ng
i
t
as
ex
tr
em
el
y
prom
i
s
i
n
g
for
i
nt
eg
r
at
i
on
i
nto
fu
tur
e
v
ers
i
o
n
o
f
al
l
-
gr
ap
h
en
e r
ec
on
f
i
gu
r
a
bl
e
TH
z
s
en
s
ors
an
d t
r
a
ns
r
ec
ei
v
ers
4.2.
R
ec
o
mm
end
atio
n
s
R
ela
t
ed
t
o
t
h
e
U
se
of
t
h
e
V
ar
ac
t
o
r
Diod
e T
ec
h
n
iqu
e
Res
ea
r
c
he
r
s
i
n
[
38
]
r
ec
o
m
me
nd
ed
f
urther
i
mp
r
ov
e
m
en
ts
of
th
e
pa
tte
r
n
by
i
nc
r
ea
s
i
n
g
the
w
i
dt
h
of
th
e
ho
s
t
tr
an
s
mi
s
s
i
on
l
i
ne
’
s
gro
un
d
p
l
ac
e
(
thi
s
e
nh
a
nc
em
e
nt
i
s
l
i
m
i
t
ed
by
t
ec
hn
i
c
al
r
eq
ui
r
e
me
nts
to
t
he
s
tr
uc
t
ure’
s
m
ax
i
m
um
ov
eral
l
w
i
dth
)
.
F
r
om
th
e
pe
r
s
p
ec
ti
v
e
of
a
l
l
an
t
en
na
pa
r
am
ete
r
s
, th
e m
atc
he
d
l
o
ad
te
r
mi
n
ate
d s
tr
uc
ture
i
s
t
he
b
es
t d
es
i
gn
.
4.3.
R
ec
o
mm
end
atio
n
s
R
ela
t
ed
t
o
t
h
e
U
se
of
t
h
e
L
i
q
u
id Crys
t
a
l (
LC
)
Techn
iq
u
e
Res
ea
r
c
he
r
s
i
n
[23]
s
ug
ge
s
ted
t
ha
t
i
mp
r
ov
e
me
nts
c
a
n
b
e
ma
d
e
by
us
i
ng
LC
m
ate
r
i
a
l
s
wi
th
h
i
gh
er
a
ni
s
otro
py
t
o
i
n
c
r
ea
s
e
th
e
d
i
ff
erenc
e
be
tw
ee
n
the
tw
o
t
un
i
ng
s
tat
es
.
I
mp
r
ov
ed
R
&
D
LC
m
i
x
tures
,
w
hi
c
h
are
on
l
y
av
ai
l
ab
l
e
i
n
s
ma
l
l
qu
an
t
i
ty
no
w de
m
on
s
tr
ate
a
l
mo
s
t
tw
o
ti
me
s
h
i
g
he
r
tun
a
bi
l
i
ty
t
ha
n
the
LC u
ti
l
i
s
e
d f
or d
em
o
ns
tr
ati
on
.
4.4.
R
ec
o
mm
end
atio
n
s
R
ela
t
ed
t
o
t
h
e
U
se
of
t
h
e
L
o
aded
Capa
cito
r
Te
chn
iq
u
e
T
he
i
ntrodu
c
t
i
o
n
of
i
nte
r
di
g
i
ta
l
c
ap
ac
i
tors
al
l
ows
t
he
c
on
tr
ol
of
t
he
r
ea
c
t
an
c
e
pro
fi
l
e
at
the
fr
e
e
ed
ge
,
where
as
di
gi
ta
l
s
wi
tc
he
s
a
l
l
o
w
th
e
c
on
tr
ol
of
t
he
i
r
c
on
n
ec
ti
o
n
at
the
grou
nd
pl
a
ne
[
26
]
.
A
ut
ho
r
s
i
n
[3
9]
r
ec
om
m
en
d
ed
tw
o s
i
g
ni
fi
c
a
nt
eff
ec
ts
of
a
dd
i
ng
a c
ap
ac
i
ti
v
e
l
o
ad
.
4.5.
R
ec
o
mm
end
atio
n
s
R
ela
t
ed
t
o
t
h
e
U
se
of
t
h
e
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[40]
.
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Ref
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[9
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