T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n,
Co
m
pu
t
ing
,
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
2
6
3
5
~
264
1
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
,
ac
cr
ed
ited
First Gr
ad
e
b
y
Kem
en
r
is
tek
d
i
k
ti,
Dec
r
ee
No
: 2
1
/E/KPT
/2
0
1
8
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/TE
L
KOM
NI
K
A.
v
1
8
i
5
.
1
5
9
5
8
2635
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//jo
u
r
n
a
l.u
a
d
.
a
c.
id
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/TELK
OM
N
I
K
A
Inv
estig
a
tion a
nd
desig
n of ion
-
impl
a
nted
M
O
SFET
ba
sed o
n (
1
8
nm)
cha
nnel lengt
h
F
ira
s
Na
t
heer
Abdu
l
-
k
a
dir
1
,
K
ha
lid
k
ha
leel
M
o
ha
m
m
a
d
2
,
Ya
s
ir
H
a
s
him
3
1
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
C
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
o
su
l
,
Ira
q
2
Co
ll
e
g
e
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
,
Ni
n
e
v
a
h
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
Ira
q
3
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ti
s
h
k
I
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ira
q
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Ma
r
1
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
is
ed
Ma
y
1
7
,
2
0
2
0
Acc
ep
ted
J
u
n
1
2
,
2
0
2
0
T
h
e
a
i
m
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
t
o
i
n
v
i
s
t
g
a
t
e
t
h
e
c
h
a
ra
c
te
r
i
s
t
ic
s
o
f
S
i
-
M
OS
F
E
T
w
i
t
h
18
n
m
l
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
i
o
n
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
a
i
d
e
d
d
e
s
i
g
n
(
T
C
A
D
)
t
o
o
l
f
r
o
m
S
i
l
v
a
c
o
w
a
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
s
i
m
u
l
a
te
t
h
e
M
O
S
F
E
T
’
s
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
i
n
t
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
T
h
e
r
e
su
l
t
s
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
M
O
S
F
E
T
w
i
t
h
1
8
n
m
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
l
e
n
g
t
h
h
a
s
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
5
4
8
G
H
z
a
n
d
t
r
a
n
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
9
6
7
μ
S
,
w
h
i
c
h
a
r
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
f
a
c
t
o
rs
i
n
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
.
A
l
s
o
,
i
t
h
a
s
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
(
-
0
.
1
7
V
)
i
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
o
b
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
a
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
s
m
a
l
l
D
I
B
L
(
5
5
.
1
1
m
V
/
V
)
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
s
l
o
p
e
w
a
s
i
n
h
i
g
h
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
3
0
7
.
5
m
V
/
d
e
c
.
a
n
d
t
h
i
s
i
s
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
u
n
d
e
s
i
r
a
b
l
e
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
re
s
u
l
t
s
b
y
s
h
o
r
t
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
e
f
fe
c
t
,
b
u
t
i
t
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
r
e
d
u
c
e
i
t
s
p
e
r
f
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
e
f
f
ic
i
e
n
c
y
i
n
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
h
an
n
el
len
g
th
I
o
n
-
im
p
lan
ted
MO
SF
E
T
T
C
AD
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Yasir
Hash
im
,
Dep
ar
tm
en
t Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
er
in
g
,
Facu
lty
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
T
is
h
k
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
E
r
b
il
-
Ku
r
d
is
tan
,
I
r
aq
E
m
ail: y
asir.
h
ash
im
@
tiu
.
ed
u
.
i
q
,
y
asir.
h
ash
im
@
ieee
.
o
r
g
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Fo
r
h
ig
h
d
em
an
d
o
f
f
aster
an
d
s
m
aller
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
e
v
ic
es,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
s
em
i
co
n
d
u
ct
o
r
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
ar
e
p
u
ttin
g
a
lo
t
o
f
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
f
ac
e
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
ies
an
d
c
h
allen
g
es
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
d
e
v
ices
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
o
n
e.
O
n
e
o
f
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
is
to
r
ed
u
c
e
th
e
ch
an
n
el
len
g
t
h
o
f
th
e
d
e
v
ice
s
o
th
at
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
is
n
o
t
to
tally
ch
an
g
ed
b
u
t
th
e
d
ev
ic
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
ar
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
.
T
h
e
n
o
wad
ay
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
MO
SF
E
T
is
th
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
d
ev
ice
u
s
ed
in
VL
SI
an
d
UL
SI
cir
cu
its
[1
-
5]
b
ec
au
s
e
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ca
led
d
o
w
n
to
n
o
n
o
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
th
an
o
t
h
er
ty
p
es
o
f
tr
a
n
s
is
to
r
s
.
As
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
ea
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
in
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
d
ev
ices
with
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
b
elo
w
a
m
icr
o
n
,
th
e
r
e
ap
p
ea
r
ed
tech
n
ical
lim
itatio
n
s
r
elate
d
to
t
h
e
b
asic
lim
its
o
f
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
ev
ice
b
ased
o
n
p
h
y
s
ical
laws.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
m
ain
d
e
ter
m
in
an
ts
[
6
,
7
]
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
is
th
e
lim
itatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
it
s
elf
,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
is
co
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
lim
itatio
n
s
,
f
in
all
y
is
th
e
p
o
wer
lim
itatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
r
a
m
a
t
i
c
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
i
e
l
d
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
s
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
tu
r
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
h
a
s
e
n
a
b
l
e
d
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
o
f
m
o
d
e
r
n
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
t
e
ch
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
s
w
e
l
l
a
s
t
h
e
m
a
n
u
f
a
ct
u
r
e
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
s
,
a
n
d
d
e
s
p
i
t
e
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
f
i
e
l
d
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
s
[
8
,
9
]
,
B
i
p
o
l
a
r
J
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
T
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
(
B
J
T
s
)
r
e
m
ai
n
e
d
d
o
m
i
n
a
n
t
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
o
f
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
1
9
6
0
s
a
n
d
1
9
7
0
s
d
u
e
t
o
B
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
a
n
d
b
e
t
t
e
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
f
i
el
d
e
f
f
e
ct
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
s
[
1
0
,
1
1
]
.
A
n
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
f
i
el
d
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
s
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
s
l
e
s
s
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
s
te
p
s
t
h
a
n
t
h
o
s
e
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
e
o
f
b
i
p
o
l
a
r
j
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
(
B
J
T
)
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
263
5
-
264
1
2636
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
r
e
w
as
a
d
e
c
r
e
as
e
in
c
o
s
t
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
v
it
y
o
f
m
o
r
e
f
i
e
l
d
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
,
i
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
o
f
b
i
p
o
l
a
r
j
u
n
c
t
io
n
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
c
o
u
l
d
n
o
t
b
e
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
s
i
z
e
l
o
s
s
i
n
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
ie
s
I
ts
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
w
h
i
l
e
i
t
w
a
s
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
t
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
s
i
z
e
o
f
f
i
e
l
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
t
r
an
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
a
n
d
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
c
o
m
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
is
t
i
cs
[
1
2
]
,
b
u
t
t
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
t
h
e
s
i
z
e
(
f
i
e
l
d
e
f
f
ec
t
t
r
a
n
s
is
to
r
s
)
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
,
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
s
p
ee
d
a
n
d
a
l
l
o
w
e
d
a
h
u
g
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
t
h
e
m
t
o
b
e
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
e
d
i
n
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
c
i
r
c
u
it
s
(
I
C
)
[
1
0
]
.
A
l
l
o
f
t
h
is
l
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
as
e
i
n
t
h
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
a
n
d
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
f
i
el
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
s
,
a
n
d
a
t
t
h
e
e
n
d
o
f
1
9
7
0
t
h
e
f
i
e
l
d
e
f
f
e
ct
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
s
b
e
c
a
m
e
t
h
e
d
o
m
i
n
an
t
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
o
f
i
n
te
g
r
a
t
ed
c
i
r
c
u
i
ts
i
n
s
t
e
a
d
o
f
t
w
o
-
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
[
1
2
]
.
N
o
w
f
i
el
d
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
s
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
s
n
o
w
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
v
e
r
9
0
%
o
f
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
s
e
m
i
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
[
1
3
]
.
F
i
e
l
d
-
e
f
f
e
c
t
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
s
in
d
u
s
t
r
y
h
a
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
o
u
g
h
t
-
a
f
t
e
r
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
e
d
f
i
el
d
i
n
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
an
d
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
es
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
o
f
i
ts
m
a
n
y
s
p
e
ci
f
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
p
r
a
c
t
ic
a
l
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
m
a
n
u
f
a
c
t
u
r
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
a
r
e
v
e
r
y
p
r
e
c
i
s
e
a
n
d
s
o
p
h
i
s
ti
c
a
t
e
d
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
e
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
h
a
v
e
w
i
t
n
es
s
e
d
l
a
r
g
e
a
n
d
v
a
r
ie
d
s
t
a
g
e
s
o
f
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
a
s
t
d
ec
a
d
e
s
.
T
h
e
d
o
p
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
h
as
b
e
e
n
r
e
p
l
ac
e
d
b
y
d
i
f
f
u
s
i
o
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
i
o
n
i
m
p
l
a
n
ta
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
c
es
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
o
x
i
d
a
ti
o
n
w
as
r
e
p
l
a
c
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
d
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
o
f
o
x
i
d
e
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
m
e
ta
l
g
at
e
s
w
e
r
e
r
e
p
l
a
c
ed
b
y
p
o
l
y
c
r
y
s
t
a
ll
i
n
e
s
i
li
c
o
n
g
a
t
e
s
w
i
t
h
s
il
i
c
i
d
es
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
f
i
e
l
d
e
f
f
ec
t
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
o
f
t
h
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
d
e
p
l
e
ti
o
n
m
o
d
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
d
es
i
g
n
e
d
wi
t
h
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
h
i
g
h
s
p
e
e
d
,
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
[
1
5
]
,
g
a
t
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
w
as
8
5
n
m
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
t
y
p
e
s
,
w
it
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
d
r
o
p
o
n
d
r
a
i
n
h
a
s
a
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
0
.
5
V
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
t
i
m
e
u
s
e
d
I
n
S
b
i
n
s
t
e
a
d
o
f
s
il
i
c
o
n
,
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
we
d
:
C
u
t
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
3
0
5
G
H
Z
(
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
)
2
5
6
GH
Z
(
d
e
p
l
et
i
o
n
)
a
n
d
S
u
b
t
h
r
es
h
o
l
d
Sl
o
p
e
(
S
S
)
1
0
5
m
V
/
d
e
c
(
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
)
1
4
0
m
V
/
d
e
c
(
d
e
p
l
e
t
i
o
n
)
a
n
d
d
r
a
i
n
-
i
n
d
u
c
e
d
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
l
o
w
e
r
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
(
D
I
B
L
)
9
5
m
V
/
V
(
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
)
1
8
0
m
V
/
V
(
d
e
p
l
e
t
i
o
n
)
,
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
h
o
w
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
c
u
t
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
b
y
5
0
%
a
n
d
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
r
ed
u
c
e
d
b
y
1
0
t
i
m
es
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
t
y
p
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
is
t
o
r
m
a
d
e
o
f
s
i
l
i
c
o
n
.
M
OS
F
E
T
(
n
-
ty
p
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
)
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
d
es
i
g
n
ed
w
i
t
h
a
g
a
te
l
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
4
0
n
m
an
d
u
s
i
n
g
g
e
r
m
a
n
i
u
m
a
s
a
b
a
s
e
m
a
t
e
r
ia
l
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
t
h
e
r
es
u
l
t
s
e
x
t
r
a
c
te
d
w
it
h
MO
SF
E
T
m
a
d
e
o
f
S
i
a
s
t
h
e
b
as
e
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
[
1
3
]
,
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
o
f
th
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
h
o
w
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
cu
t
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
f
T
=
2
5
2
.
6
G
H
z
,
t
r
a
n
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
g
m
=
1
6
1
0
μ
S
,
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
S
l
o
p
e
S
S
=
9
7
.
5
m
V
/
d
e
c
a
n
d
d
r
a
i
n
-
i
n
d
u
c
e
d
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
l
o
w
e
r
i
n
g
D
I
B
L
=
2
3
1
.
9
m
V
/
V
.
I
n
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
d
e
v
i
c
es
,
t
h
e
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
d
r
ai
n
h
a
s
a
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
n
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
b
a
r
r
ie
r
h
e
ig
h
t
,
w
h
i
c
h
s
h
o
w
s
a
s
a
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
i
n
t
h
e
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
r
a
i
n
b
i
a
s
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
(
D
I
B
L
)
i
s
w
o
r
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
c
a
s
e
o
f
r
e
d
u
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
,
w
h
i
c
h
r
es
u
l
ts
i
n
t
h
e
p
e
n
et
r
at
i
o
n
s
t
at
e
(
t
h
e
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
w
h
ich
t
h
e
t
w
o
d
e
p
l
et
i
o
n
r
e
g
i
o
n
c
l
a
s
h
es
a
n
d
t
h
e
g
a
t
e
l
o
s
e
i
t
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
i
n
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
)
[
1
4
]
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
o
th
er
s
h
o
r
t c
h
an
n
el
is
wh
at
is
r
elat
ed
to
th
e
s
witch
in
g
o
f
f
s
tate
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
(
tu
r
n
-
o
f
f
)
,
th
at
is
,
an
y
ch
an
g
e
in
th
e
g
ate
v
o
ltag
e
ca
u
s
es
a
c
h
a
n
g
e
in
th
e
d
r
ain
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
ten
g
r
ad
atio
n
s
)
k
n
o
wn
as
th
e
s
u
b
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
lo
p
e
(
SS
)
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
m
V/d
ec
u
n
it,
an
d
th
e
s
u
b
th
r
esh
o
ld
r
e
g
io
n
,
is
th
e
r
eg
io
n
wh
er
e
th
e
g
ate
v
o
ltag
e
is
less
th
an
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
T
>
V
GS
)
,
an
d
wh
en
we
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
tr
an
s
i
s
to
r
s
ize
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
g
ate
len
g
th
,
th
e
s
u
b
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
lo
p
e
(
SS
)
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
an
d
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
v
alu
es
f
r
o
m
7
0
m
V
/d
ec
to
1
0
0
m
V/d
ec
w
h
ich
is
m
o
r
e
th
an
th
e
th
eo
r
eti
ca
l
v
alu
e
r
an
g
e
ab
o
u
t
6
0
m
V/d
ec.
As
lo
n
g
as
s
u
b
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
lo
p
e
SS
was
leas
t
p
o
s
s
ib
le,
t
h
e
b
etter
s
witch
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
ON
an
d
OFF
s
tate
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
,
b
u
t
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
d
e
v
ice
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
lo
west p
o
s
s
ib
le
SS
v
alu
e
at
6
0
m
V/d
ec
[
16
-
18
].
T
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
en
tial
s
ilico
n
MO
SF
E
T
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
with
in
tr
u
d
in
g
cir
cu
it
elem
en
ts
th
at
ar
e
in
h
er
en
t
to
th
em
,
wh
ich
ar
e
th
e
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
ca
p
ac
ito
r
s
,
an
d
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
w
ay
s
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
ese
p
r
o
b
lem
s
is
to
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
s
ilico
n
MO
S
FET
o
n
in
s
u
latin
g
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
an
d
th
er
e
ar
e
two
m
eth
o
d
s
,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
(
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
m
eth
o
d
)
in
wh
ich
a
lay
er
o
f
s
ilico
n
g
r
o
wth
o
n
a
s
ap
p
h
ir
e
b
lu
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
c
alled
s
ilico
n
-
on
-
s
ap
p
h
ir
e
o
r
SOS,
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
(
m
o
r
e
m
o
d
er
n
m
eth
o
d
)
is
th
e
g
r
o
wth
o
f
s
ilico
n
a
b
o
v
e
t
h
e
in
s
u
lato
r
SOI
.
I
t
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
ed
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
o
n
ics
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
.
I
t
i
n
clu
d
es
b
u
ild
in
g
(
i
n
s
tallatio
n
)
a
tr
ad
itio
n
al
MO
SF
E
T
o
n
a
v
er
y
th
i
n
f
ilm
o
f
p
o
ly
cr
y
s
tallin
e
s
ilico
n
,
an
d
s
ep
ar
ates
th
is
th
in
f
ilm
o
f
s
ilico
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
m
ater
ial
with
an
in
s
u
latin
g
m
a
ter
ial
(
r
elativ
ely
th
ick
)
,
an
d
th
i
s
m
ater
ial
(
SiO
2
)
is
em
b
ed
d
ed
in
s
id
e
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
m
ater
ial.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
m
ak
es
th
e
(
MO
SF
E
T
)
elec
t
r
ically
is
o
lated
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
m
ater
ial,
b
u
t
th
e
d
ev
ice
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
in
(
SOI
)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
ac
e
s
o
m
e
ch
allen
g
es,
d
u
e
to
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
a
v
e
r
y
th
in
f
ilm
o
f
p
o
ly
c
r
y
s
tallin
e
s
ilico
n
with
h
ig
h
q
u
ality
,
an
d
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
o
f
g
r
o
wth
(
p
o
ly
cr
y
s
tallin
e
s
ilico
n
)
o
n
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
in
s
u
latio
n
m
a
ter
ial
(
SiO
2
)
with
o
u
t
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
o
f
an
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
elec
tr
ical
ef
f
ec
ts
o
r
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
p
r
ess
u
r
e
[
19
].
2.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
Fig
u
r
e
1
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
(
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
)
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
(
n
c
h
an
n
el)
NM
OSFET
wi
th
a
g
ate
len
g
th
o
f
1
8
n
m
u
s
in
g
T
C
AD
b
y
Sil
v
ac
o
.
T
h
e
ch
an
n
el
len
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
is
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
s
in
th
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
b
ec
au
s
e
it
r
ep
r
esen
ts
an
d
d
ete
r
m
in
es
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
g
en
e
r
atio
n
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
le
n
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
ch
a
n
n
el
af
f
ec
ts
r
elativ
ely
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice,
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
I
C
s
is
v
er
y
clo
s
ely
r
elate
d
to
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
M
OSFET
’
s
ch
an
n
el,
an
d
it
is
in
v
er
s
ely
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
ch
an
n
el.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
I
n
ve
s
tig
a
tio
n
a
n
d
d
esig
n
o
f io
n
-
imp
la
n
ted
MOS
F
E
T b
a
s
ed
o
n
(
1
8
n
m)
…
(
F
ir
a
s
N
a
th
ee
r
A
b
d
u
l
-
ka
d
ir
)
2637
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
(
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el)
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
will
in
cr
e
ase
to
o
m
u
ch
,
an
d
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
in
s
id
e
th
e
d
e
v
ice
will
in
cr
ea
s
e,
an
d
th
is
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
lea
d
s
to
th
e
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
o
f
th
e
s
o
-
ca
lled
s
h
o
r
t
ch
an
n
el
an
d
h
o
t
elec
tr
o
n
ef
f
ec
ts
[
2
0
-
2
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
with
th
e
g
ate
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
g
ate
l
en
g
th
(
2
0
n
m
)
a
n
d
(
1
8
n
m
)
a
n
d
with
V
DS
=
0
.
1
V,
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
at
th
e
g
ate
len
g
th
2
0
n
m
was
0
.
3
m
A
an
d
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
at
th
e
g
ate
len
g
th
1
8
n
m
is
eq
u
al
to
0
.
8
m
A,
th
is
m
ea
n
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
in
cr
ea
s
es
as
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
d
ec
r
ea
s
es,
an
d
th
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
i
n
v
er
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
th
e
le
n
g
th
o
f
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
cu
r
r
en
t e
q
u
atio
n
[
23
]:
=
[
2
(
−
)
−
2
]
(
1
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
I
o
n
-
I
m
p
le
m
en
ted
MO
SF
E
T
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
(
n
ch
an
n
el)
with
1
8
n
m
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
D
cu
r
r
e
n
t w
ith
th
e
g
ate
v
o
ltag
e
at
th
e
g
ate
len
g
th
(
2
0
n
m
)
an
d
(
1
8
n
m
)
an
d
at
V
DS
=
0
.
1
V
As
f
o
r
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
o
ltag
es,
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
at
th
e
g
ate
len
g
th
was
2
0
n
m
eq
u
al
t
o
0
.
1
2
9
V
an
d
th
e
th
r
esh
o
l
d
v
o
ltag
e
v
al
u
e
at
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
g
ate
is
1
8
n
m
eq
u
al
to
(
-
0
.
1
7
V)
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
we
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
t
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
wh
en
e
v
er
th
e
c
h
a
n
n
el
len
g
th
is
s
h
o
r
ten
ed
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
ch
an
n
el
ef
f
ec
t,
wh
at
h
a
p
p
en
s
as
a
r
esu
l
t
o
f
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
ch
an
n
el
is
th
e
s
h
ar
in
g
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
d
r
ain
c
h
ar
g
es
o
n
th
e
o
n
e
h
a
n
d
with
g
ate
elec
tr
o
n
ic
c
h
ar
g
e
o
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
th
is
r
e
d
u
ce
s
th
e
g
ate
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
n
ee
d
ed
to
ca
u
s
e
th
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
lay
er
an
d
t
h
en
r
e
d
u
ce
s
th
e
th
r
e
s
h
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
e
[
20
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
263
5
-
264
1
2638
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
t
h
e
r
e
l
at
i
o
n
s
h
ip
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
s
l
o
p
(
S
S)
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
g
a
t
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
a
t
V
DS
=
0
.
1
V
,
i
t
is
c
l
e
a
r
t
h
a
t
a
t
t
h
e
g
at
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
2
0
n
m
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
l
o
p
e
(
SS
)
v
a
l
u
e
i
s
8
1
.
8
6
m
V
/
d
e
c
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
l
o
p
e
(
S
S
)
v
a
l
u
e
a
t
t
h
e
g
a
t
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
1
8
n
m
i
s
3
0
7
.
5
m
V/
d
ec
,
t
h
a
t
is
:
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
l
o
p
e
(
S
S
)
is
i
n
v
e
r
s
e
l
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
o
t
h
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
l
o
p
e
(
SS
)
a
l
w
a
y
s
i
n
c
r
e
as
es
wi
t
h
a
d
ec
r
e
as
e
i
n
t
h
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
s
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
is
i
s
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
t
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
e
f
f
e
c
t
as
we
l
l
.
As
k
n
o
w
n
,
t
h
e
lo
w
e
r
t
h
e
s
l
o
p
e
(
S
S
)
v
a
l
u
e
,
t
h
e
b
e
t
t
e
r
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
(
r
e
l
a
ti
v
e
l
y
la
r
g
e
)
v
a
l
u
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
b
t
h
r
es
h
o
l
d
s
l
o
p
e
(
S
S
)
at
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
t
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
a
r
e
t
h
e
u
n
d
e
s
i
r
a
b
l
e
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
d
e
v
i
c
e
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
y
c
a
n
b
e
o
v
er
l
o
o
k
e
d
i
n
r
e
t
u
r
n
o
f
o
t
h
e
r
b
e
n
e
f
i
t
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
[
1
8
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
r
esh
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
V
T
at
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
g
ate
is
1
8
n
m
an
d
2
0
nm
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
S
u
b
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
lo
p
(
S
S)
with
th
e
g
ate
len
g
th
at
Vd
=
0
.
1
V
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
th
e
d
r
ain
-
i
n
d
u
ce
d
b
a
r
r
ie
r
lo
wer
in
g
cu
r
r
en
t
DI
B
L
wit
h
th
e
g
ate
len
g
th
at
V
DS
=
0
.
1
V,
an
d
w
e
n
o
tice
at
th
e
g
ate
len
g
th
(
2
0
n
m
)
th
at
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
DI
B
L
is
2
3
.
6
m
V
/
V
an
d
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
DI
B
L
at
th
e
g
ate
len
g
th
(
1
8
n
m
)
is
5
5
.
1
1
m
V
/
V,
i.e
.
,
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
DI
B
L
is
in
v
er
s
ely
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
t
h
e
ch
an
n
el,
an
d
th
e
lo
wer
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
DI
B
L
th
e
b
etter
,
an
d
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
DI
B
L
with
a
d
e
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
ch
an
n
el
is
d
u
e
to
two
r
ea
s
o
n
s
,
th
e
f
i
r
s
t:
th
e
elec
tr
o
s
tatic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
an
d
t
h
e
d
r
ai
n
,
a
s
itu
atio
n
th
a
t
is
n
o
t
d
esira
b
le,
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
ea
s
o
n
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
ch
an
n
el
e
f
f
ec
ts
.
T
o
o
v
e
r
co
m
e
th
is
p
r
o
b
lem
,
a
s
ec
o
n
d
g
ate
o
r
s
o
-
ca
lled
d
o
u
b
le
g
ate
is
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
letely
co
n
tr
o
l th
e
s
h
o
r
t c
h
an
n
el
ef
f
ec
ts
[
24
].
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
ws
th
e
g
r
ea
test
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
v
alu
es
(
g
m
)
at
g
ate
len
g
th
(
2
0
n
m
)
a
n
d
(
1
8
n
m
)
an
d
a
t
V
DS
=
0
.
1
V,
s
o
,
th
e
g
r
ea
test
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
v
alu
e
at
g
at
e
len
g
th
2
0
n
m
was
3
7
5
.
1
μ
S
an
d
th
e
g
r
ea
test
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
cta
n
ce
v
al
u
e
at
g
at
e
len
g
th
1
8
n
m
I
s
eq
u
al
to
9
6
7
μ
S,
an
d
we
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
lo
wer
o
f
th
e
ch
an
n
e
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
I
n
ve
s
tig
a
tio
n
a
n
d
d
esig
n
o
f io
n
-
imp
la
n
ted
MOS
F
E
T b
a
s
ed
o
n
(
1
8
n
m)
…
(
F
ir
a
s
N
a
th
ee
r
A
b
d
u
l
-
ka
d
ir
)
2639
len
g
th
,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
t
r
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
,
an
d
th
is
is
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
in
v
er
s
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
c
e
an
d
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
(
2
)
[
25
]
.
T
h
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t f
ac
to
r
in
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
e
f
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
b
ec
au
s
e
it r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
tr
an
s
is
to
r
g
ain
.
=
(
)
=
(
−
)
(
2
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
DI
B
L
with
g
ate
le
n
g
th
at
V
DS
=
0
.
1
V
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
c
e
(
g
m
)
at
g
ate
le
n
g
th
(
2
0
n
m
)
a
n
d
(
1
8
n
m
)
an
d
at
V
DS
=
0
.
1
V
F
i
g
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
c
u
t
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
f
T
a
t
t
h
e
g
a
t
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
(
2
0
n
m
)
a
n
d
(
1
8
n
m
)
w
i
t
h
V
DS
=
0
.
1
V
,
t
h
e
g
r
e
a
t
e
s
t
c
u
t
o
f
f
v
a
l
u
e
a
t
t
h
e
g
a
t
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
2
0
n
m
w
a
s
3
6
8
G
H
Z
a
n
d
t
h
e
g
r
e
a
t
e
s
t
c
u
t
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
v
a
l
u
e
a
t
t
h
e
g
a
t
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
1
8
n
m
e
q
u
a
l
s
5
4
8
G
H
Z
,
a
s
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
l
e
n
g
t
h
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
,
t
h
e
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
e
a
s
o
n
f
o
r
th
i
s
i
s
t
h
e
i
n
v
e
r
s
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
'
s
l
e
n
g
t
h
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
t
o
(
3
)
[
2
5
]
.
I
t
i
s
w
o
r
t
h
n
o
t
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
i
s
n
o
t
a
l
w
a
y
s
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
o
f
t
h
e
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
o
n
l
y
,
b
u
t
t
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
t
r
a
n
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
g
m
a
l
s
o
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
i
n
a
n
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
i
n
t
h
e
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
d
i
r
e
c
t
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
t
r
a
n
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
u
t
-
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
.
=
2
(
3
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
263
5
-
264
1
2640
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
u
to
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
f
T
at
th
e
g
ate
len
g
th
(
2
0
n
m
)
an
d
(
1
8
n
m
)
with
V
DS
=
0
.
1
V
3.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
o
f
io
n
-
i
m
p
lan
ted
N
-
h
an
n
el
MO
SF
E
T
’
s
with
(
1
8
n
m
)
ch
an
n
el
len
g
t
h
h
as
b
ee
n
s
im
u
lated
b
y
T
C
AD
to
o
l
b
y
Sil
v
ac
o
,
th
e
d
o
p
in
g
t
h
e
ch
an
n
el
with
a
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
5
*
1
0
14
cm
-
3
an
d
u
s
in
g
p
o
ly
cr
y
s
tallin
e
s
ilico
n
as th
e
g
ate
m
ater
ial,
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
ica
tes th
at
a
g
o
o
d
v
alu
e
was o
b
tai
n
ed
f
o
r
th
e
cu
t
-
o
f
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
wh
ich
is
5
4
8
GHz
a
n
d
also
a
g
o
o
d
v
alu
e
f
o
r
th
e
tr
a
n
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
o
f
9
6
7
μ
S,
an
d
t
h
e
cu
t
o
f
f
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
an
d
tr
an
s
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
a
r
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
ac
to
r
s
in
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
d
e
v
ice,
Als
o
,
a
s
m
all
v
alu
e
was
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
o
ltag
e
-
0
.
1
7
V
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
o
b
tain
in
g
a
r
elativ
ely
s
m
a
ll
v
alu
e
f
r
o
m
DI
B
L
wh
ich
is
5
5
.
1
1
m
V/V
,
wh
ile
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
s
u
b
th
r
esh
o
ld
3
0
7
.
5
m
V/d
ec
wer
e
h
ig
h
,
an
d
k
n
o
win
g
th
at
th
ese
r
elativ
e
ly
lar
g
e
v
alu
es
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
u
b
th
r
esh
o
ld
at
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
ch
an
n
els
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
u
n
d
esira
b
le
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
d
ev
ice,
b
u
t
i
t
d
o
es n
o
t r
ed
u
ce
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
ef
f
i
cien
cy
i
n
g
en
er
al
,
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
v
alu
e
w
as
0
.
8
m
A.
W
ith
all
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
is
d
esig
n
,
d
o
n
o
t
f
o
r
g
et
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
esu
lt
th
at
was
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ich
is
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
s
ize
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
(
g
ate
len
g
th
)
to
th
e
l
o
west p
o
s
s
ib
le
p
h
y
s
ical
d
im
en
s
io
n
,
wh
i
ch
is
1
8
n
m
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
W
.
Y
.
L
i
u
,
J
.
J
.
C
h
e
n
,
X
.
D
.
L
i
u
,
H
.
Y
.
W
a
n
g
,
N
.
J
.
W
u
,
“
A
2
.
4
G
H
z
l
o
w
p
o
w
e
r
C
M
O
S
t
r
a
n
s
c
e
i
v
e
r
f
o
r
L
R
-
W
P
A
N
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
C
h
i
n
a
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
7
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
2
]
J
.
G
i
l
,
J
.
K
i
m
,
C
.
K
i
m
,
C
.
P
a
r
k
,
J
.
P
a
r
k
,
H
.
P
a
r
k
,
H
.
L
e
e
,
S
.
L
e
e
,
Y
.
J
a
n
g
,
M
.
K
o
o
,
J
.
G
i
l
,
K
.
H
a
n
,
Y
.
K
w
o
n
,
I
.
S
o
n
g
,
“
A
f
u
l
l
y
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
l
o
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
h
i
g
h
-
c
o
e
x
i
s
t
e
n
c
e
2
.
4
-
G
H
z
Z
i
g
B
e
e
t
r
a
n
s
c
e
i
v
e
r
f
o
r
b
i
o
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
h
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
M
i
c
r
o
w
a
v
e
T
h
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
2
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
8
7
9
-
1
8
8
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
3
]
R
.
E
b
e
l
t
,
A
.
H
a
m
i
d
i
a
n
,
D
.
S
h
m
a
k
o
v
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
o
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
v
e
i
n
d
o
o
r
l
o
c
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
2
4
-
G
H
z
C
M
O
S
r
a
d
a
r
t
r
a
n
s
c
e
i
v
e
r
s
,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
M
i
c
r
o
w
a
v
e
T
h
e
o
r
y
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
2
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
3
-
2
2
0
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
4
]
X
.
W
a
n
g
,
A
.
D
i
n
h
,
D
.
T
e
n
g
,
“
3
-
1
0
G
H
z
u
l
t
r
a
-
w
i
d
e
b
a
n
d
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
t
r
a
n
s
c
e
i
v
e
r
i
n
0
.
1
3
µ
m
c
o
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
r
y
m
e
t
a
l
o
x
i
d
e
s
e
m
i
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
f
o
r
l
o
w
-
p
o
w
e
r
b
i
o
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
r
a
d
a
r
,
”
I
E
T
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
,
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
a
n
d
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
7
2
-
2
7
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
5
]
R
.
W
u
,
S
.
K
a
w
a
i
,
Y
.
S
e
o
,
K
.
K
i
m
u
r
a
,
S
.
S
a
t
o
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
1
9
.
5
A
n
H
C
I
-
h
e
a
l
i
n
g
6
0
G
H
z
C
M
O
S
t
r
a
n
s
c
e
i
v
e
r
,
”
2
0
1
5
I
E
E
E
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
o
l
i
d
-
S
t
a
t
e
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
-
(
I
S
S
C
C
)
D
i
g
e
s
t
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
P
a
p
e
r
s
,
p
p
.
1
-
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
6
]
J
.
S
h
a
r
m
a
,
R
.
P
a
n
d
e
y
a
n
d
A
.
D
.
D
.
D
w
i
v
e
d
i
,
"
D
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
D
e
v
i
c
e
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
A
T
r
i
p
l
e
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
D
o
u
b
l
e
G
a
t
e
(
T
M
D
G
)
S
t
r
a
i
n
e
d
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
M
O
S
F
E
T
,
"
2
0
1
8
3
r
d
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
W
o
r
k
s
h
o
p
s
o
n
R
e
c
e
n
t
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
(
I
C
R
A
I
E
)
,
J
a
i
p
u
r
,
I
n
d
i
a
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[
7
]
S. M . Sze
,
"
P
h
y
s
i
c
s
o
f
S
e
m
i
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
,
"
3
rd
E
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
J
o
h
n
W
i
l
e
y
&
S
o
n
s
,
2
0
0
7
.
[
8
]
G
.
V
.
A
n
g
e
l
o
v
,
D
.
N
.
N
i
k
o
l
o
v
,
M
.
H
.
H
r
i
s
t
o
v
,
“
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
o
f
N
o
n
c
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l
T
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
2
0
1
9
,
pp.
1
-
1
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
9
]
H
.
T
.
A
l
A
r
i
q
i
,
W
.
A
.
J
a
b
b
a
r
,
Y
.
H
a
s
h
i
m
,
H
.
B
.
M
a
n
a
p
,
“
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
i
l
i
c
o
n
n
a
n
o
w
i
r
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
,
”
T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
6
,
pp
.
2
8
6
0
-
2
8
6
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
1
0
]
Y
H
a
s
h
i
m
,
“
A
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
T
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
i
n
N
a
n
o
D
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
(
I
J
E
T
S
)
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
pp
. 8
-
1
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
1
1
]
R
.
G
.
A
r
n
s
,
"
T
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
:
e
a
r
l
y
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
e
t
a
l
-
o
x
i
d
e
s
e
m
i
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
f
i
e
l
d
e
f
f
e
c
t
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
,
"
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
&
E
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
,
v
o
l
.
7
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
3
3
-
240
,
1
9
9
8
.
[
1
2
]
Y
H
a
s
h
i
m
,
O
S
i
d
e
k
,
“
S
t
u
d
y
a
n
d
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
t
a
t
i
c
C
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
i
s
t
i
c
s
o
f
N
a
n
o
w
i
r
e
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
w
i
t
h
D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
C
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
R
e
v
i
e
w
o
n
M
o
d
e
l
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
pp
.
9
3
-
9
8
,
2
0
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
I
n
ve
s
tig
a
tio
n
a
n
d
d
esig
n
o
f io
n
-
imp
la
n
ted
MOS
F
E
T b
a
s
ed
o
n
(
1
8
n
m)
…
(
F
ir
a
s
N
a
th
ee
r
A
b
d
u
l
-
ka
d
ir
)
2641
[
1
3
]
M
.
K
.
A
r
n
o
l
d
,
"
S
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
D
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
G
e
r
m
a
n
i
u
m
-
B
a
s
e
d
M
O
S
F
E
T
s
f
o
r
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
L
e
n
g
t
h
s
o
f
1
0
0
n
m
a
n
d
B
e
l
o
w
,
"
M
.
S
c
.
T
h
e
s
i
s
,
T
h
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
C
i
n
c
i
n
n
a
t
i
,
d
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
2
0
0
7
.
[
1
4
]
Y
.
A
n
,
"
D
e
v
i
c
e
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
V
e
r
t
i
c
a
l
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
S
i
G
e
M
O
S
F
E
T
s
,
"
M
.
S
c
.
T
h
e
s
i
s
,
T
h
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
C
i
n
c
i
n
n
a
t
i
,
d
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
2
0
0
6
.
[
1
5
]
D
.
A
.
M
u
l
l
e
r
,
"
A
s
o
u
n
d
b
a
r
r
i
e
r
f
o
r
s
i
l
i
c
o
n
?
,
"
N
a
t
u
r
e
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
, v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
6
4
5
-
64
7
,
2
0
0
5
.
[
1
6
]
X
.
L
i
a
n
d
A
.
T
o
r
i
u
m
i
,
"
D
i
r
e
c
t
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
s
u
b
-
6
0
m
V
/
d
e
c
s
u
b
t
h
r
e
s
h
o
l
d
s
w
i
n
g
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
i
n
s
t
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
M
O
S
F
E
T
e
x
t
e
r
n
a
l
l
y
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
t
o
f
e
r
r
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
,
"
2
0
1
8
I
E
E
E
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
M
e
e
t
i
n
g
(
I
E
D
M
)
,
2018.
[
1
7
]
Q
.
H
u
a
n
g
,
R
.
H
u
a
n
g
,
Y
.
P
a
n
,
S
.
T
a
n
a
n
d
Y
.
W
a
n
g
,
"
R
e
s
i
s
t
i
v
e
-
G
a
t
e
F
i
e
l
d
-
E
f
f
e
c
t
T
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
:
A
N
o
v
e
l
S
t
e
e
p
-
S
l
o
p
e
D
e
v
i
c
e
B
a
s
e
d
o
n
a
M
e
t
a
l
-
I
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
-
M
e
t
a
l
-
O
x
i
d
e
G
a
t
e
S
t
a
c
k
,
"
I
E
E
E
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
D
e
v
i
c
e
L
e
t
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
3
5
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
8
7
7
-
8
7
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
1
8
]
Y
.
T
a
u
r
a
n
d
T
.
H
.
N
i
n
g
,
"
F
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
o
f
M
o
d
e
r
n
V
L
S
I
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
,
"
C
a
m
b
r
i
d
g
e
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
P
r
e
s
s
,
C
a
m
b
r
i
d
g
e
,
U
K
,
1
9
9
8
.
[
1
9
]
J
.
P
.
C
o
l
i
n
g
e
,
"
S
i
l
i
c
o
n
-
on
-
I
n
s
u
l
a
t
o
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
:
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
s
t
o
V
L
S
I
,
"
3
r
d
E
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
K
l
u
w
e
r
A
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
P
u
b
l
i
s
h
e
r
s
,
M
a
s
s
a
c
h
u
s
e
t
t
s
,
U
S
A
,
2
0
0
4
.
[
2
0
]
B
.
G
.
S
t
r
e
e
t
m
a
n
a
n
d
S
.
B
a
n
e
r
j
e
e
,
"
S
o
l
i
d
S
t
a
t
e
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
,
"
P
r
e
n
t
i
c
e
H
a
l
l
,
N
e
w
J
e
r
s
e
y
,
U
S
A
,
2
0
0
0
.
[
2
1
]
K
.
G
o
e
l
,
M
.
S
a
x
e
n
a
,
M
.
G
u
p
t
a
a
n
d
R
.
S
.
G
u
p
t
a
,
"
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
n
a
n
o
s
c
a
l
e
t
h
r
e
e
-
r
e
g
i
o
n
t
r
i
-
m
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
g
a
t
e
s
t
a
c
k
(
T
R
I
M
G
A
S
)
M
O
S
F
E
T
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
h
o
t
-
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
,
"
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
3
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
1
6
2
3
-
1
6
3
3
,
J
u
l
y
2
0
0
6
.
[
2
2
]
A
.
E
.
E
l
-
H
e
n
n
a
w
y
a
n
d
O
.
H
.
M
o
b
a
r
e
k
,
"
P
r
e
c
i
s
e
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
o
f
h
o
t
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
g
a
t
e
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
s
h
o
r
t
-
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
M
O
S
F
E
T
'
s
,
"
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
4
0
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
6
4
5
-
1
6
5
2
,
S
e
p
t
.
1
9
9
3
.
[
2
3
]
D
.
A
.
N
e
a
m
e
n
,
"
M
i
c
r
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
C
i
r
c
u
i
t
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
D
e
s
i
g
n
,
"
4
t
h
E
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
M
c
G
r
a
w
-
H
i
l
l
,
2
0
1
0
.
[
2
4
]
S
.
D
a
t
t
a
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
8
5
n
m
g
a
t
e
l
e
n
g
t
h
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
d
e
p
l
e
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
I
n
S
b
q
u
a
n
t
u
m
w
e
l
l
t
r
a
n
s
i
s
t
o
r
s
f
o
r
u
l
t
r
a
h
i
g
h
s
p
e
e
d
a
n
d
v
e
r
y
l
o
w
p
o
w
e
r
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
l
o
g
i
c
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
"
I
E
E
E
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
M
e
e
t
i
n
g
,
I
E
D
M
T
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
D
i
g
e
s
t
.
,
W
a
s
h
i
n
g
t
o
n
,
D
C
,
p
p
.
7
6
3
-
7
6
6
,
2
0
0
5
.
[
2
5
]
D
.
A
.
N
e
a
m
e
n
,
"
S
e
m
i
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
o
r
P
h
y
s
i
c
s
a
n
d
D
e
v
i
c
e
s
B
a
s
i
c
P
r
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s
,
"
3
r
d
E
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
M
c
G
r
a
w
-
H
i
l
l
,
2
0
0
3
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Fi
r
a
s
Na
th
e
e
r
Abd
u
l
-
k
a
d
ir
re
c
e
iv
e
d
t
h
e
B.
S
c
.
in
M
e
d
ica
l
In
str
u
m
e
n
ts
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
M
o
su
l
Tec
h
n
ica
l
C
o
ll
e
g
e
a
n
d
M
a
ste
r
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
in
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
t
h
e
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
M
o
su
l
,
M
o
su
l
,
Ira
q
,
in
1
9
9
8
a
n
d
2
0
1
3
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
As
sista
n
t
Lec
tu
re
r
in
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
C
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
M
o
s
u
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
M
o
su
l
,
Ira
q
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
s
in
c
lu
d
e
M
icro
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Na
n
o
e
lec
tro
n
ic
,
M
OSF
ET
n
o
n
o
-
str
u
c
tu
re
.
Ema
il
:
f
iras
_
n
a
d
h
e
e
r@u
o
m
o
su
l.
e
d
u
.
iq
K
h
a
li
d
k
h
a
lee
l
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
Ira
q
-
M
o
su
l
1
9
5
9
.
Re
c
e
iv
e
d
B.
S
c
.
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
1
9
8
2
fr
o
m
M
o
su
l
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
re
c
e
iv
e
d
M
.
S
c
.
i
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
t
1
9
8
6
fr
o
m
M
o
su
l
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
re
c
e
iv
e
d
P
h
D
in
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
En
g
.
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
in
2
0
0
0
fr
o
m
M
o
su
l
u
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
P
r
o
f
.
a
t
Nin
e
v
a
h
Un
i
v
e
rsity
.
He
is p
re
se
n
tl
y
wo
rk
in
g
a
s a
De
a
n
o
f
c
o
ll
a
g
e
o
f
e
lec
tro
n
ics
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Nin
e
v
a
h
Un
i
v
e
rsity
.
Ya
sir
H
a
shi
m
(
S
M
IEE
E)
re
c
e
iv
e
d
t
h
e
B.
S
c
.
a
n
d
M
a
ste
r
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
i
n
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
th
e
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
M
o
su
l
,
M
o
su
l,
Ira
q
,
in
1
9
9
1
a
n
d
1
9
9
5
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
He
c
o
m
p
lete
d
t
h
e
P
h
.
D.
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
-
M
i
c
ro
a
n
d
Na
n
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
S
c
ien
c
e
M
a
lay
s
ia
(USM
),
P
e
n
a
n
g
,
M
a
lay
sia
,
i
n
2
0
1
3
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
t
ly
a
S
e
n
io
r
Lec
t
u
re
r
in
t
h
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Is
h
i
k
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Erb
il
-
Ku
r
d
sta
n
,
Ira
q
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
s
in
c
lu
d
e
M
icro
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Na
n
o
e
lec
tro
n
ic:
Na
n
o
wire
tran
sis
to
rs,
F
i
n
F
E
T
tran
sist
o
r,
M
u
lt
ista
g
e
Lo
g
ic Na
n
o
-
in
v
e
rters
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.