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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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T
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b
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ab
r
ic
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
f
th
e
m
etam
ater
ials
-
b
ased
len
s
es
ar
e
s
o
m
etim
es
b
u
r
d
e
n
s
o
m
e
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
m
etam
ater
ials
o
f
te
n
s
u
f
f
er
f
o
r
n
a
r
r
o
w
b
an
d
wid
th
a
n
d
h
ig
h
l
o
s
s
es
wh
ich
is
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
ested
th
at
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ater
ial
c
o
u
ld
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
to
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
an
id
ea
l
le
n
s
to
u
s
e
i
n
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
len
s
ca
n
m
in
im
ize
th
e
p
h
ase
v
ar
iatio
n
s
an
d
also
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
o
f
th
e
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
[
1
4
]
.
Sev
er
al
l
o
w
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
m
ate
r
ials
s
u
ch
as
t
ef
lo
n
(
=
2
.
1
)
,
ac
r
y
lo
n
itrile
b
u
ta
d
ien
e
s
ty
r
en
e
(
AB
S)
(
=
2
.
4
)
an
d
Po
ly
eth
y
le
n
e
(
=
2
.
25
)
is
u
s
ed
an
d
th
e
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
h
o
ws
th
at
it
o
f
f
er
s
ex
ce
llen
t
i
n
m
ain
lo
b
e
s
y
m
m
etr
ical,
s
m
all
s
id
e
lo
b
e
lev
el
ap
er
tu
r
e
ef
f
ici
en
cy
an
d
lo
w
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
[
1
5
-
1
7
]
.
Dielec
tr
ic
m
ater
i
als
with
lo
w
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
also
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
co
s
t
an
d
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
s
ati
s
f
y
in
g
[
1
8
,
1
9
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
er
,
th
e
len
s
f
o
r
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
is
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
lo
w
-
co
s
t
an
d
lo
w
-
p
e
r
m
itti
v
ity
p
o
ly
lactic
ac
id
(
PLA)
wh
ich
is
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
at
th
e
ap
er
tu
r
e
o
f
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
in
o
r
d
er
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
lo
n
g
e
r
h
o
r
n
a
n
ten
n
a.
T
h
e
len
s
is
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
to
b
e
f
lat
s
h
ap
e
r
ath
er
th
an
h
y
p
er
b
o
lic
s
h
ap
e
f
o
r
ea
s
ier
f
ab
r
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
u
tili
ze
d
as
it
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
h
ase
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
at
ea
ch
p
o
in
t
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
in
g
p
ar
t
s
o
th
at
th
e
wav
es
o
n
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
s
id
e
h
av
in
g
p
lan
ar
wav
e.
T
h
e
len
s
p
o
s
s
ess
es
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ize
s
o
f
h
o
le
wh
er
e
th
e
p
h
ase
o
f
ea
ch
u
n
it
ce
ll
elem
en
t
ca
n
b
e
v
a
r
ie
d
.
T
h
is
p
ap
e
r
is
o
r
g
a
n
ized
as
f
o
llo
ws
;
s
ec
tio
n
2
d
is
cu
s
s
es
ab
o
u
t
th
e
t
h
eo
r
etica
l
p
ar
t
o
f
p
h
ase
c
o
r
r
ec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
wh
ile
s
ec
tio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
le
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
is
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
Fin
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
5
c
o
n
c
lu
d
es
all
th
e
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
th
at
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
o
b
tain
ed
.
2.
P
H
ASE
CO
RR
E
CT
I
O
N
T
E
CH
NIQU
E
Sp
h
er
ical
wav
e
p
r
o
p
ag
ates
in
u
n
wan
ted
o
u
twar
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
th
at
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
wav
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
ws
a
h
o
r
n
a
n
ten
n
a
with
th
e
p
r
o
p
ag
ate
d
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
f
ee
d
er
o
f
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
will
ac
t
as
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
wav
e
an
d
th
e
s
p
h
er
ical
wav
e
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
f
lar
e
o
f
p
y
r
am
id
al
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
wh
e
r
e
t
h
e
p
h
ase
is
d
ela
y
ed
at
p
o
in
t
A
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
o
i
n
t
B
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
an
ten
n
a
ap
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
b
io
m
ed
ical
im
ag
in
g
s
y
s
tem
[
2
0
]
,
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
wall
-
im
ag
in
g
s
y
s
tem
[
2
1
]
th
e
p
lan
ar
wav
e
is
p
r
ef
er
ab
le
in
s
tead
o
f
th
e
s
p
h
er
ical
wav
es.
T
h
e
p
lan
a
r
wav
es
p
r
o
p
a
g
ate
s
ig
n
al
in
to
o
n
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
o
th
at
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
m
o
r
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
t
h
e
s
p
h
er
ical
wav
es
[
2
2
-
2
4
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
c
o
r
r
ec
t
th
e
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
s
p
h
e
r
ical
to
p
lan
ar
wav
e
is
p
h
ase
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
u
til
izes
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
wh
e
r
e,
t
h
e
p
h
ase
at
p
o
in
t
A
h
as
to
b
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
p
h
ase
at
p
o
in
t
B
wh
e
n
p
ass
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
ed
iu
m
s
u
ch
as
len
s
.
Ph
ase
at
p
o
in
t
A
ca
n
b
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
v
elo
city
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
th
at
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
at
r
eg
io
n
I
o
f
f
lat
len
s
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
th
e
v
elo
city
at
r
eg
io
n
I
I
(
r
ef
er
Fig
u
r
e
1
)
.
T
h
e
v
elo
city
o
f
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
at
ea
ch
r
e
g
io
n
c
an
b
e
v
ar
ied
b
y
r
eso
r
tin
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
ater
ial.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
m
ater
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p
r
o
p
er
ty
an
d
v
elo
city
,
v
is
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
(
1
)
.
=
1
√
(
1
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
W
av
e
p
r
o
p
a
g
ates f
r
o
m
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
th
r
o
u
g
h
len
s
W
h
er
e,
ε
r
an
d
μ
r
ar
e
p
e
r
m
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d
p
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m
ea
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m
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r
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r
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ater
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th
e
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ilit
y
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Hen
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h
e
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y
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ater
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e
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p
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ater
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ased
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ar
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le
1
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(
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Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Ho
r
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te
n
n
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
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p
la
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p
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iew
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Dim
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y
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r
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me
t
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a
l
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e
(
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b
2
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e
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h
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o
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nn
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wit
h lens
T
h
e
h
o
r
n
an
ten
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a
with
o
u
t
len
s
will
p
r
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ce
s
p
h
er
ical
wav
es,
wh
ich
ar
e
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en
p
h
ase
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co
r
r
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ted
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e
p
r
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p
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ed
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lace
d
a
t
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ap
er
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r
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r
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.
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h
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r
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e
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if
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er
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ase
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ig
h
d
ir
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tiv
e
r
a
d
iatio
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in
f
ar
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ield
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eg
io
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Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a
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s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
u
ll
m
o
d
el
o
f
p
r
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p
o
s
ed
f
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attac
h
ed
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r
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al
h
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n
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te
n
n
a,
wh
ile
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
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s
h
o
ws
th
e
f
l
at
len
s
th
at
is
d
esig
n
b
ased
o
n
u
n
it
ce
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h
e
len
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n
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tr
u
cted
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ased
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n
a
b
u
n
d
an
t
o
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air
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les
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if
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er
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t
d
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eter
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ic
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ater
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PLA
with
2
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er
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e
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ater
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e
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is
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o
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ely
a
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ar
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ef
o
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u
latin
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e
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ase
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elay
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am
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y
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e
len
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
1
6
9
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6
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3
0
T
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l.
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No
.
1
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Feb
r
u
ar
y
202
1
:
21
3
-
2
19
216
in
a
u
n
it
ce
ll.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
u
n
it
ce
ll
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
f
o
u
r
d
r
ill
ed
h
o
les
an
d
it
will
b
e
an
aly
z
ed
b
y
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h
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g
i
n
g
th
e
d
iam
eter
o
f
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le,
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.
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h
e
u
n
it
c
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g
two
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eg
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id
e
p
o
r
ts
.
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h
e
wav
eg
u
id
e
p
o
r
ts
ar
e
s
et
at
th
e
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
u
n
it
ce
ll
to
p
er
m
it
en
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
d
is
tan
ce
an
d
af
te
r
war
d
th
e
p
h
ase
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
al
t
h
at
i
s
tr
an
s
m
itted
b
ein
g
d
eter
m
in
ed
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
r
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ce
d
u
r
e
is
d
o
n
e
b
y
u
s
in
g
C
ST
Mic
r
o
wav
e
So
f
twar
e.
T
h
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
u
n
it
ce
ll
ar
e
g
iv
en
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
(
a
)
Fu
ll m
o
d
el
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
lat
len
s
attac
h
ed
with
p
y
r
am
id
al
h
o
r
n
a
n
ten
n
a,
(
b
)
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en
s
d
esig
n
b
ased
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it c
ell
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2
.
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(
mm
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(
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4.
RE
SU
L
T
AND
DI
SCUS
SI
O
N
4
.
1
.
P
ha
s
e
dela
y
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
u
n
it
ce
ll
with
v
a
r
ies
in
s
i
ze
o
f
h
o
les
is
s
im
u
lated
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
s
o
f
p
h
ase
d
elay
wh
e
n
a
s
ig
n
al
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
le
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
h
ase
d
if
f
er
en
ce
wh
en
a
s
ig
n
al
p
ass
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
h
o
le.
T
h
e
d
iam
eter
o
f
th
e
h
o
les
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ar
ied
f
r
o
m
0
.
5
-
2
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0
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m
in
o
r
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er
to
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tify
th
e
p
h
ase
t
h
at
n
ee
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to
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e
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o
r
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te
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.
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h
e
th
ick
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ess
o
f
u
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ce
ll
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1
0
0
m
m
th
at
is
5
/3
λ
.
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h
e
u
n
it
c
ell
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
alm
o
s
t
s
im
ilar
v
a
lu
e
with
ac
ce
p
tab
le
d
ev
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n
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
al
o
f
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
will
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
in
an
g
le.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
an
g
le
is
u
s
ed
to
co
r
r
ec
t th
e
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h
ase
f
o
r
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r
o
d
u
ci
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g
th
e
p
lan
ar
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es.
4
.
2
.
Sim
ula
t
i
o
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re
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ult
T
h
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
,
S
11
,
is
s
im
u
lated
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
len
s
.
T
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
co
m
p
ar
ed
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
with
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s
an
d
with
o
u
t
l
en
s
.
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we
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
S
11
is
with
in
th
e
ac
c
ep
tab
le
lim
it,
wh
ich
is
b
elo
w
t
h
e
-
10
d
B
m
atch
in
g
lin
e
f
r
o
m
5
to
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f
o
r
b
o
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s
es.
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t
in
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icate
s
th
at
th
e
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tr
e
n
g
th
o
f
s
ig
n
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d
u
r
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g
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e
tr
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s
m
is
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io
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le
en
o
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h
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o
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tain
a
g
o
o
d
p
er
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r
m
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ce
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i.e
.
,
m
o
r
e
th
an
9
0
% o
f
s
ig
n
al
tr
an
s
m
itted
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Ph
ase
r
esp
o
n
s
e
at
5
GHz
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fre
q
u
en
cy
d
ep
e
n
d
en
cy
s
im
u
lated
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
th
e
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
f
ar
f
ield
r
ad
iati
o
n
p
atter
n
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
f
o
r
s
elec
ted
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
r
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g
e
o
v
er
m
ed
ical
im
ag
in
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y
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tem
an
d
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ab
le
3
s
u
m
m
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izes
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m
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ar
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o
n
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
with
a
n
d
with
o
u
t
len
s
.
As
we
ca
n
o
b
s
er
v
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
ig
u
r
e,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
len
s
lead
s
to
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
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m
m
u
n
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e
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s
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p
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ch
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etter
wh
en
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e
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at
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a
n
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s
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w
im
p
r
o
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em
en
t
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f
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8
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itio
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e
s
u
p
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r
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h
o
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with
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n
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e
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er
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f
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-
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m
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ich
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b
ec
o
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e
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ar
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f
r
o
m
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5
to
1
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.
9
d
e
g
r
ee
s
(
9
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im
p
r
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em
e
n
t)
at
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GHz
.
At
5
.
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d
5
.
9
GHz
,
1
8
.
0
6
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d
7
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5
6
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p
r
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v
em
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n
t
o
f
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ea
m
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ca
n
b
e
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n
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
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h
is
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alid
ates
th
at
th
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p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
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o
r
n
a
n
ten
n
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with
len
s
h
a
d
b
ee
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in
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ed
as
th
e
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e
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n
ar
r
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h
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n
ar
r
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wer
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ain
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e
d
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p
icts
h
ig
h
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ity
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n
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id
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t
th
at
th
e
le
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els
o
f
th
e
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in
o
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b
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ac
k
lo
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ar
e
m
u
ch
lo
wer
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
with
len
s
th
a
n
t
h
o
s
e
with
o
u
t
len
s
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
e
x
h
ib
its
th
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tr
o
n
g
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s
ig
n
al
r
ad
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r
o
u
g
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t
h
e
ap
er
t
u
r
e
o
f
th
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h
o
r
n
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(
a)
(
b
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(
c)
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
f
ar
-
f
i
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atter
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at
(
a
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5
GHz
,
(
b
)
5
.
5
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an
d
(
c
)
5
.
9
GHz
T
h
e
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u
i
d
elin
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o
f
o
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er
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o
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ical
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s
s
h
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wn
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Fig
u
r
e
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(
a)
,
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ich
ar
e
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ase
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r
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e
p
r
o
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o
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ed
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at
t
h
e
h
o
r
n
ap
er
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r
e
as
s
h
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wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
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(
b
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.
T
h
e
l
en
s
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ch
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e
E
M
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v
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em
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ated
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y
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ical
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th
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n
d
th
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s
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h
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h
d
ir
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iatio
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p
atter
n
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o
r
m
ed
.
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h
e
g
ain
o
f
h
o
r
n
an
te
n
n
a
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
len
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
f
r
o
m
5
to
7
GHz
.
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h
e
g
ain
f
o
r
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
with
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s
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m
p
ar
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to
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o
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ten
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a
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t
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r
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es
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im
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ap
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lic
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.
(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Simu
lated
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tr
ic
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i
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d
is
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ib
u
tio
n
o
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(
a)
with
o
u
t le
n
s
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b
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with
p
r
o
p
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ed
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Fig
u
r
e
9
.
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er
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m
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le
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lated
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iati
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T
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1
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u
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1
:
21
3
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19
218
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h
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r
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r
k
a
n
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(
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Fig
u
r
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p
er
f
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ce
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etwe
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3
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p
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f
o
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B
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ased
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er
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ce
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e
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ten
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wit
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till
ca
n
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u
s
ed
f
o
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ed
ical
im
ag
in
g
s
y
s
tem
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
r
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g
e
f
o
r
m
ed
ical
im
ag
in
g
s
y
s
tem
in
Ma
lay
s
ia
is
f
r
o
m
5
to
6
GHz
.
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h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
ar
f
iel
d
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
f
o
r
5
GHz
,
5
.
5
GHz
an
d
5
.
9
GHz
.
Please
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
g
ain
d
o
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n
o
t
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t
th
e
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v
alu
es
s
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th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
h
ad
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ee
n
d
o
n
e
b
y
u
s
in
g
v
ec
to
r
n
etwo
r
k
an
aly
ze
r
i
n
s
tead
o
f
s
ig
n
al
g
en
e
r
ato
r
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
an
aly
ze
r
.
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o
s
s
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
r
an
g
e
f
o
r
b
io
m
ed
ical
im
ag
in
g
,
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e
SLL
is
b
elo
w
th
an
-
3
d
B
f
o
r
th
e
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ten
n
a
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s
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w
h
er
e
t
h
e
SLL
is
s
u
p
p
r
ess
ed
.
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h
ile,
th
e
3
-
d
B
b
ea
m
wid
th
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ec
o
m
e
n
ar
r
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wer
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m
p
ar
ed
to
th
o
s
e
with
o
u
t
len
s
at
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies.
T
h
e
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
v
alu
es
o
f
SL
L
an
d
b
ea
m
wid
th
o
f
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
len
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
T
a
b
le
4
.
H
o
wev
er
,
i
f
we
co
m
p
a
r
e
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
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ce
o
f
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et
u
r
n
lo
s
s
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d
3
-
d
B
b
ea
m
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t
h
b
etwe
en
th
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s
im
u
lated
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
lts
,
th
e
f
ab
r
icate
d
an
te
n
n
a
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
f
ac
to
r
o
f
th
is
d
i
s
cr
ep
an
cy
is
th
e
im
p
er
f
ec
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
f
a
b
r
icatio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
o
u
r
3
D
p
r
in
ter
m
ac
h
in
e
lim
itatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
lim
itatio
n
s
in
v
o
lv
e
th
e
l
o
w
d
en
s
ity
o
f
p
r
in
tin
g
in
f
ill,
p
o
o
r
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
f
ab
r
icatio
n
,
a
n
d
u
n
s
m
o
o
th
p
r
in
tin
g
s
u
r
f
ac
e.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
0
.
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
cy
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
o
f
th
e
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
a
r
-
f
ield
p
atter
n
at
(
a
)
5
GHz
,
(
b
)
5
.
5
GHz
an
d
(
c)
5
.
9
GHz
T
ab
le
4
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
ad
iati
o
n
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tic
o
f
th
e
h
o
r
n
a
n
ten
n
a
with
an
d
with
o
u
t le
n
s
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
G
H
z
)
S
LL
(
d
B
)
B
e
a
mw
i
d
t
h
(
D
e
g
r
e
e
s)
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
l
e
n
s
W
i
t
h
l
e
n
s
W
i
t
h
l
e
n
s
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
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e
n
s
5
.
0
-
10
-
7
22
28
5
.
5
-
8
-
17
18
26
5
.
9
-
1
-
7
24
50
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
d
ir
ec
tiv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
o
r
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a
in
b
io
m
ed
ical
im
ag
in
g
s
y
s
tem
,
u
s
in
g
p
h
ase
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
.
A
h
o
r
n
a
n
ten
n
a
w
ith
p
r
o
p
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f
lat
len
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esig
n
ed
an
d
s
im
u
lated
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
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is
p
r
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ab
le
to
en
h
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ce
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
h
o
r
n
an
ten
n
a.
As
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
in
cr
ea
s
es,
th
e
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
an
d
SLL
ar
e
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
,
wh
ich
is
en
o
u
g
h
to
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
b
io
m
e
d
i
ca
l
im
ag
in
g
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
l
e
n
s
i
s
a
b
l
e
t
o
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
t
h
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s
p
h
e
r
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c
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w
a
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f
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n
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t
o
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r
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s
w
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r
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t
h
e
s
ig
n
a
l
o
f
h
o
r
n
a
n
t
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n
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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T
elec
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n
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e
id
E.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
All
3
-
D
P
r
i
n
ted
F
re
e
-
S
p
a
c
e
S
e
tu
p
f
o
r
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
Die
lec
tri
c
Ch
a
ra
c
t
e
riza
ti
o
n
o
f
M
a
teria
ls
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
In
stru
me
n
t
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
,
v
o
l,
67
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
8
7
7
-
1
8
8
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
]
Ah
m
e
d
H.,
Hy
u
n
J.,
a
n
d
Lee
J.
R.
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
sc
a
n
n
in
g
sin
g
l
e
p
o
rt
fre
e
sp
a
c
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
se
tu
p
f
o
r
ima
g
in
g
re
flec
ti
o
n
l
o
ss
o
f
m
icro
wa
v
e
a
b
s
o
rb
in
g
m
a
teria
ls
,”
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
,
v
o
l,
1
2
5
,
p
p
.
1
1
4
-
1
2
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
I.
Lau
&
M
.
F
ra
n
k
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
An
Ac
c
u
ra
te
F
re
e
S
p
a
c
e
M
e
t
h
o
d
f
o
r
M
a
t
e
rial
Ch
a
ra
c
teriz
a
t
io
n
i
n
W
-
Ba
n
d
Us
in
g
M
a
teria
l
S
a
m
p
les
with
Two
Diffe
re
n
t
T
h
ic
k
n
e
ss
e
s
,
”
4
8
t
h
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
M
icr
o
w
a
v
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(Eu
M
C),
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
M
.
S
.
B.
A.
Ka
rim,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
De
term
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Co
m
p
le
x
P
e
rm
it
t
iv
it
ies
o
f
Lay
e
re
d
M
a
teria
ls
Us
i
n
g
Wav
e
g
u
id
e
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
M
icr
o
w
a
v
e
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
2
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
2
1
4
0
-
2
1
4
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[5
]
M
.
S
.
B
.
A.
Ka
rim,
N.
Bin
ti
A
b
u
Talip
Y
u
so
f
a
n
d
T.
Kitaz
a
wa
,
“
S
c
a
tt
e
rin
g
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
re
c
tan
g
u
lar
c
a
v
it
y
wit
h
i
n
p
u
t
a
n
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
wa
v
e
g
u
id
e
s
a
n
d
it
s
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
t
o
m
a
teria
l
c
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
,
”
2
0
1
7
IEE
E
Asi
a
P
a
c
i
fi
c
M
icr
o
w
a
v
e
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(AP
M
C)
,
Ku
a
la L
u
m
p
u
r,
p
p
.
5
8
8
-
5
9
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
N.
Ha
sa
n
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Cu
re
d
e
p
o
x
y
re
sin
d
iele
c
tr
ic
c
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
a
c
c
u
ra
te
wa
v
e
g
u
id
e
t
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
,
”
AI
P
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
,
2
0
1
9
.
[7
]
M
.
Ki
n
o
s
h
it
a
,
e
t
a
l
,
“
A
M
e
th
o
d
o
f
E
v
a
lu
a
ti
n
g
Hig
h
-
P
e
rm
it
ti
v
it
y
a
n
d
Lo
ss
y
M
a
teria
ls
Us
i
n
g
a
C
y
l
in
d
rica
l
Ca
v
it
y
Ba
se
d
o
n
H
y
b
ri
d
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
Th
e
o
r
y
,
”
J
a
p
a
n
e
se
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
P
h
y
sic
s
,
v
o
l.
51
,
n
o
.
9
S
1
,
2
0
1
2
.
[8
]
S
.
Ak
b
a
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
An
Ac
c
u
ra
te
C
h
a
ra
c
teriz
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Diffe
re
n
t
Wate
r
P
r
o
p
e
rti
e
s
Us
in
g
Re
so
n
a
n
t
M
e
th
o
d
f
o
r
Un
d
e
rwa
ter
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ac
ti
v
i
ty
:
M
e
th
o
d
s a
n
d
P
r
o
to
c
o
ls,
”
Cp
G Isl
a
n
d
s,
p
p
.
1
1
3
-
1
2
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[9
]
S
.
F
.
Ha
z
a
li
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
Ult
ra
-
Wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
(UWB)
H
o
rn
A
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
N
o
n
-
d
e
st
ru
c
ti
v
e
F
ru
i
t
Qu
a
li
ty
M
o
n
i
to
ri
n
g
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
1
0
t
h
Na
t
io
n
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
S
e
min
a
r o
n
Un
d
e
rwa
te
r S
y
ste
m T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
S
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
3
D
-
p
rin
te
d
p
la
n
a
r
g
ra
d
e
d
i
n
d
e
x
len
se
s,”
IE
T
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
s,
A
n
ten
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
3
,
p
p
.
1
4
1
1
-
1
4
1
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
C.
A.
F
e
rn
a
n
d
e
s,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Die
lec
tri
c
len
s a
n
ten
n
a
s
,
”
H
a
n
d
b
.
An
te
n
n
a
T
e
c
h
n
o
l.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
1
-
1
0
6
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
S
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
3
D
-
p
ri
n
ted
fl
a
t
len
s
fo
r
m
icro
wa
v
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
”
L
o
u
g
h
b
o
ro
u
g
h
An
te
n
n
a
s
&
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(L
AP
C)
,
2
0
1
5
.
[
1
3
]
R
.
M
.
H
a
s
h
m
i
,
B
.
A
.
Z
e
b
a
n
d
K
.
P
.
E
s
s
e
l
l
e
,
"
W
i
d
e
b
a
n
d
H
i
g
h
-
G
a
i
n
E
B
G
R
e
s
o
n
a
t
o
r
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
w
i
t
h
S
m
a
l
l
F
o
o
t
p
r
i
n
t
s
a
n
d
A
l
l
-
D
i
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
S
u
p
e
r
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
s
,
"
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
6
2
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
9
7
0
-
2
9
7
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
J.
Qiu
,
Y.
S
u
o
a
n
d
W.
Li
,
"
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
o
n
u
lt
ra
-
wid
e
b
a
n
d
d
iele
c
tri
c
h
e
m
isp
h
e
ric
len
s
lo
a
d
e
d
q
u
a
d
-
ri
d
g
e
d
h
o
r
n
a
n
ten
n
a
,
"
6
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
An
ten
n
a
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s,
S
e
v
a
sto
p
o
l,
p
p
.
2
5
3
-
2
5
5
,
2
0
0
7
.
[1
5
]
D.
Wu
,
Z.
F
e
n
g
a
n
d
X.
Z
h
u
a
n
g
,
"
A
n
o
v
e
l
fo
c
u
si
n
g
len
s
c
o
n
i
c
a
l
h
o
rn
a
n
ten
n
a
lo
a
d
e
d
wit
h
d
iele
c
tri
c
,
"
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
W
ire
les
s S
y
mp
o
si
u
m (IW
S
2
0
1
5
)
,
S
h
e
n
z
h
e
n
,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
A.
P
a
tri
a
n
d
J.
M
u
k
h
e
rjee
,
“
F
ish
-
e
y
e
sh
a
p
e
d
d
iele
c
tri
c
flat
len
s
d
e
sig
n
u
ti
l
izin
g
3
-
D
p
ri
n
ti
n
g
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
A
n
te
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pr
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
(
AP
S
UR
S
I
),
F
a
jard
o
,
p
p
.
1
8
4
3
-
1
8
4
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
J.
To
z
a
wa
,
K.
M
o
rimo
t
o
,
H.
De
g
u
c
h
i
a
n
d
M
.
Ts
u
ji
,
“
Be
a
m
-
ti
lt
e
d
len
s
-
c
o
rre
c
ted
h
o
r
n
a
n
ten
n
a
s
fo
r
wi
d
e
-
a
n
g
l
e
ra
d
iatio
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
A
n
ten
n
a
s a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
(IS
AP
),
P
h
u
k
e
t
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
8
]
G
.
Bo
u
ss
a
to
u
r,
P
.
Cre
ss
o
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Die
lec
tri
c
Ch
a
ra
c
te
riza
ti
o
n
o
f
P
o
ly
lac
ti
c
Ac
i
d
S
u
b
stra
te
in
t
h
e
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
Ba
n
d
0
.
5
–
6
7
G
Hz
,
"
IEE
E
M
icr
o
wa
v
e
a
n
d
W
ire
les
s Co
mp
o
n
e
n
ts
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
7
4
-
3
7
6
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
8
.
[1
9
]
Q.
Wu
,
P
.
P
a
n
,
F
.
Y.
M
e
n
g
,
L.
W
.
Li
,
a
n
d
J.
W
u
,
“
A
n
o
v
e
l
flat
len
s
h
o
rn
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
e
sig
n
e
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
z
e
ro
re
fra
c
ti
o
n
p
rin
c
i
p
le o
f
m
e
tam
a
teria
ls,”
Ap
p
l
.
Ph
y
s.
A
M
a
ter
.
S
c
i.
Pro
c
e
ss
.
,
v
o
l
.
8
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
5
1
-
1
5
6
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
0
]
A.
M
.
Ab
b
o
sh
,
“
Dire
c
ti
v
e
An
ten
n
a
fo
r
Ultraw
id
e
b
a
n
d
M
e
d
ica
l
Im
a
g
in
g
S
y
ste
m
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
An
te
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
t
io
n
,
v
o
l.
2
0
0
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
0
8
.
[2
1
]
Ka
ra
n
th
,
N.
O
n
k
a
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Th
r
o
u
g
h
-
wa
ll
ima
g
in
g
sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
h
o
r
n
a
n
ten
n
a
s,"
4
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
(ICACCS
)
,
Co
i
m
b
a
to
re
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
2
]
R.
K.
Ary
a
,
S
.
Zh
a
n
g
,
Y.
Va
rd
a
x
o
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