T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
5
,
Oc
tober
2020
,
pp
.
2385~2390
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i5.
13860
2385
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
php/T
E
L
K
OM
N
I
K
A
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
p
h
os
p
h
o
r
:
s
ol
u
t
io
n
f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g t
h
e
op
t
i
c
al
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
ie
s of
t
h
e
5600K r
e
m
o
t
e
-
p
ac
k
agi
n
g WL
E
D
s
P
h
u
T
r
an
T
in
1
,
Duy
Hu
n
g
Ha
2
,
M
in
h
T
r
an
3
1
,2
W
i
r
e
les
s
C
omm
unica
ti
ons
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
Gr
oup,
F
a
c
ult
y
of
E
lec
tr
ica
l
a
nd
E
lec
tr
on
ics
E
nginee
r
ing
,
T
on
Duc
T
ha
ng
Unive
r
s
it
y,
Vie
tnam
3
Optoe
lec
tr
onics
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
Gr
oup,
F
a
c
ult
y
of
E
lec
t
r
ica
l
a
nd
E
lec
tr
onics
E
nginee
r
ing
,
T
on
Duc
T
ha
ng
Unive
r
s
it
y,
Vie
tnam
Ar
t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
Aug
10,
2019
R
e
vis
e
d
F
e
b
25,
2020
Ac
c
e
pted
M
a
r
18,
2020
In
t
h
e
l
as
t
d
ecad
e,
l
i
g
h
t
-
emi
t
t
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
(L
E
D
s
),
w
h
i
c
h
b
as
e
d
o
n
s
p
o
n
t
an
e
o
u
s
l
i
g
h
t
emi
s
s
i
o
n
i
n
s
em
i
co
n
d
u
ct
o
rs
can
b
e
co
n
s
i
d
ered
as
t
h
e
mai
n
l
i
g
h
t
s
o
u
rces
fo
r
ci
v
i
l
an
d
i
n
d
u
s
t
ri
a
l
p
u
rp
o
s
e
s
.
In
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er,
w
e
p
res
e
n
t
e
d
an
d
i
n
v
es
t
i
g
at
e
d
t
h
e
effec
t
o
f
t
h
e
Sr[M
g
3
Si
N
4
]E
u
2+
co
n
cen
t
rat
i
o
n
o
n
t
h
e
o
p
t
i
ca
l
p
r
o
p
er
t
i
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
5
6
0
0
K
remo
t
e
-
p
ac
k
ag
i
n
g
W
L
E
D
s
(RP
-
W
L
E
D
s
).
W
e
u
s
e
t
h
e
Mat
L
ab
an
d
t
h
e
L
i
g
h
t
T
o
o
l
s
o
f
t
w
are
t
o
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
e
t
h
e
effect
o
f
t
h
e
Sr[Mg
3
Si
N
4
]E
u
2+
co
n
ce
n
t
ra
t
i
o
n
o
n
t
h
e
CRI,
CQ
S,
D
-
CC
T
an
d
L
O
o
f
t
h
e
5
6
0
0
K
RP
-
W
L
E
D
s
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
res
u
l
t
,
w
e
ca
n
s
t
at
e
t
h
at
t
h
e
c
o
n
ce
n
t
rat
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
Sr[M
g
3
Si
N
4
]E
u
2+
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
ced
o
n
t
h
e
CRI,
C
Q
S,
D
-
CCT
a
n
d
L
O
o
f
t
h
e
RP
-
W
L
E
D
s
.
T
h
e
re
d
Sr[Mg
3
Si
N
4
]
E
u
2
+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
i
d
ere
d
a
s
t
h
e
n
o
v
e
l
reco
mme
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
fo
r
L
E
D
s
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
QS
CRI
D
-
CCT
LO
Optica
l
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
R
e
d
-
e
mi
tt
ing
phos
phor
RP
-
W
L
E
Ds
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
P
hu
T
r
a
n
T
in
,
W
ir
e
les
s
C
omm
unica
ti
ons
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
Gr
oup,
F
a
c
ult
y
of
E
lec
tr
ica
l
a
nd
E
lec
tr
onics
E
nginee
r
ing,
T
on
Duc
T
ha
ng
Unive
r
s
it
y,
Ho
C
hi
M
inh
C
it
y
,
Vie
tnam
.
E
mail:
phut
r
a
nti
n@tdt
u.
e
du
.
vn
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
I
n
the
las
t
de
c
a
de
,
li
ght
-
e
mi
tt
ing
diodes
(
L
E
Ds
c
a
n
be
c
ons
ider
e
d
a
s
the
main
li
gh
t
s
our
c
e
s
f
o
r
c
ivi
l
a
nd
indus
tr
ial
pur
pos
e
s
.
I
n
c
ompar
is
on
with
c
onve
nti
ona
l
lamps
,
L
E
Ds
with
the
e
xc
e
ll
e
nt
a
dva
ntage
s
s
uc
h
a
s
s
upe
r
ior
li
f
e
ti
me
,
e
f
f
icie
nc
y,
a
nd
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
c
a
n
be
c
ons
ider
e
d
a
s
the
pr
omi
s
ing
s
olut
ion
f
o
r
s
i
gnif
ica
nt
r
e
duc
ti
ons
in
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
a
nd
pol
lut
ion
f
r
om
f
os
s
il
f
ue
l
powe
r
plants
[
1
-
8]
.
I
n
o
r
de
r
to
im
pr
ove
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
o
f
L
E
Ds
,
a
lot
o
f
is
s
ue
s
s
uc
h
a
s
c
hip
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing,
li
ght
e
xtr
a
c
ti
on
e
f
f
icie
nc
y,
h
e
a
t
s
ink
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
,
r
e
s
in
mate
r
ials
,
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
,
li
f
e
tes
t,
e
tc.
is
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
inves
ti
ga
te.
P
hos
phor
c
oa
ti
ng
is
the
mos
t
c
r
it
ica
l
f
lui
d
f
low
pr
ob
lem
in
L
E
D
pa
c
ka
ging
s
ince
the
c
oa
ti
n
g
pr
oc
e
s
s
de
ter
mi
ne
s
the
phos
phor
t
hickne
s
s
,
loca
ti
on,
dis
tr
ibut
ion
,
a
nd
mor
phology
in
L
E
D
pa
c
ka
ging
[
9
-
15]
.
I
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
we
pr
e
s
e
nted
a
nd
inves
ti
ga
ted
t
he
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2
+
phos
phor
on
the
opti
c
a
l
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
of
the
5600K
r
e
mot
e
-
pa
c
ka
ging
W
L
E
Ds
(
R
P
-
W
L
E
Ds
)
.
W
e
us
e
the
M
a
t
L
a
b
a
nd
the
li
ght
tool
s
of
tw
a
r
e
to
inves
ti
ga
te
the
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2
+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
on
the
C
R
I
,
C
QS,
D
-
C
C
T
,
a
nd
L
O
of
the
5600K
R
P
-
W
L
E
Ds
.
F
r
om
the
r
e
s
ult
,
we
c
a
n
s
tate
that
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
of
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2
+
inf
luenc
e
d
on
the
C
R
I
,
C
QS
,
D
-
C
C
T
a
nd
L
O
of
the
R
P
-
W
L
E
Ds
.
T
he
r
e
s
t
of
th
is
pa
pe
r
c
a
n
be
d
r
a
wn
a
s
the
f
oll
owing
s
e
c
ti
on.
I
n
the
s
e
c
ond
s
e
c
ti
on,
the
phys
ica
l
model
a
nd
the
math
e
matica
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Oc
tober
2020:
2385
-
2390
2386
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
model
is
pr
e
s
e
nted.
Ne
xt,
the
r
e
s
ult
s
a
nd
s
ome
dis
c
us
s
io
ns
a
r
e
pr
ovided
in
thi
r
d
s
e
c
ti
on.
F
inally,
s
ome
c
onc
lus
ions
a
r
e
c
onvince
d
in
the
las
t
s
e
c
ti
on.
2.
RE
S
E
AR
CH
M
E
T
HO
D
E
xplaining
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
hr
onologi
c
a
l,
including
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
de
s
ign,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
p
r
oc
e
dur
e
(
in
the
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
lgor
it
hms
,
P
s
e
udoc
ode
or
other
)
,
how
to
tes
t
a
n
d
da
ta
a
c
quis
it
ion
[1
-
3]
.
T
he
de
s
c
r
ipt
ion
of
the
c
our
s
e
of
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
hould
be
s
uppor
ted
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
,
s
o
the
e
xplana
ti
on
c
a
n
be
a
c
c
e
pted
s
c
ientif
ica
ll
y
[
2,
4
]
.
W
e
c
onduc
ted
the
phys
ica
l
model
of
the
5600K
R
P
-
W
L
E
Ds
u
s
ing
L
ight
T
ool
s
of
twa
r
e
with
the
pr
im
a
r
y
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
a
s
:
−
W
e
s
e
t
the
de
pth
a
s
2.
07
mm
,
the
inner
a
nd
o
uter
r
a
dius
o
f
the
r
e
f
lec
tor
a
s
8
mm
a
nd
9
.
85
mm
,
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
−
L
E
D
c
hips
a
r
e
c
ove
r
e
d
with
a
f
ixed
thi
c
kne
s
s
of
0
.
08
mm
a
nd
2.
07
mm
.
E
a
c
h
blue
c
hip
ha
s
a
dim
e
ns
i
on
of
1.
14
mm
by
0
.
15mm
,
the
r
a
dia
nt
f
lux
of
1.
16
W
(
F
ig
ur
e
1)
[
15
-
20]
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
ig
ur
e
1.
(
a
)
T
he
R
P
-
W
L
E
Ds
;
(
b)
T
he
phys
ica
l
m
ode
l
T
he
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
in
the
phos
phor
laye
r
c
a
n
be
a
na
lyze
d
by
us
ing
the
M
ie
-
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
theor
y,
a
s
s
hown
in
[
20
-
2
7
]
.
T
he
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
μ
s
c
a
(λ)
.
(
)
=
∫
(
)
(
,
)
(
1)
Anis
otr
opy
f
a
c
tor
g
(
λ
)
(
)
=
2
∫
∫
(
,
,
)
(
)
1
−
1
(
2)
R
e
duc
e
d
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
δ
s
c
a
(
λ
)
=
(
1
−
)
(
3)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
Sr
[
M
g
3
SiN
4
]
E
u
2+
phos
phor
:
s
olut
ion
for
e
nhanc
in
g
the
opti
c
al
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
…
(
P
hu
T
r
an
T
in
)
2387
qhe
r
e
N
(
r
)
a
nd
f
(
r
)
c
a
n
be
de
f
ined
a
s
(
)
=
(
)
+
ℎ
(
)
(
4)
(
)
=
(
)
+
ℎ
(
)
=
.
[
(
)
+
ℎ
(
)
]
(
5)
whe
r
e
c
is
the
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
c
a
n
be
c
a
lcu
late
d
by
=
∫
(
)
(
6)
T
he
mas
s
dis
tr
ibut
ion
M
(
r
)
(
mi
ll
ig
r
a
ms
)
c
a
n
be
de
f
ined
a
s
the
be
low
e
qua
ti
on
(
)
=
4
3
3
[
(
)
+
ℎ
ℎ
(
)
]
(
7)
I
n
M
ie
theor
y
,
C
s
c
a
c
a
n
be
c
a
lcula
ted
a
s
=
2
2
∑
(
2
−
1
)
(
|
|
2
+
|
|
2
)
∞
0
(
8)
w
he
r
e
a
n
a
nd
b
n
c
a
n
be
c
a
lcula
ted
by
the
be
low
e
qua
ti
ons
(
,
)
=
′
(
)
(
)
−
(
)
′
(
)
′
(
)
(
)
−
(
)
′
(
)
(
9)
(
,
)
=
′
(
)
(
)
−
(
)
′
(
)
′
(
)
(
)
−
(
)
′
(
)
(
10)
He
r
e
,
the
pha
s
e
f
unc
ti
on
(
,
,
)
c
a
n
be
de
f
ined
a
s
the
f
oll
owing
(
,
,
)
=
4
(
,
,
)
2
(
,
)
(
11)
whe
r
e
(
,
,
)
is
the
d
im
e
ns
ionl
e
s
s
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
f
unc
ti
on,
wh
ich
c
a
n
be
c
a
lcula
ted
a
s
the
f
ol
lowings
(
,
,
)
=
1
2
[
|
1
(
)
|
2
+
|
2
(
)
|
2
]
(
12)
1
=
∑
2
+
1
(
+
1
)
∞
=
1
[
(
,
)
(
)
+
(
,
)
(
)
]
(
13)
2
=
∑
2
+
1
(
+
1
)
∞
=
1
[
(
,
)
(
)
+
(
,
)
(
)
]
(
14)
I
n
(
13
)
a
nd
(
14)
,
(
)
a
nd
(
)
a
r
e
the
a
ngular
de
pe
nde
nt
f
u
nc
ti
ons
.
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
YSI
S
I
n
thi
s
s
e
c
ti
on,
we
us
e
the
M
a
t
L
a
b
a
nd
L
ight
T
ool
s
of
twa
r
e
to
inves
ti
ga
te
the
inf
luenc
e
of
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
on
the
opti
c
a
l
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
in
ter
ms
of
D
-
C
C
T
,
C
R
I
,
C
QS,
a
nd
L
O.
As
s
hown
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
the
D
-
C
C
T
ha
s
a
c
ons
ider
a
ble
incr
e
a
s
e
with
the
r
is
ing
of
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on.
T
he
D
-
C
C
T
incr
e
a
s
e
s
f
r
om
1000
K
to
5000K
whe
n
we
va
r
y
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
f
r
om
0
%
to
16%
.
F
r
o
m
the
r
e
s
ult
s
,
we
c
a
n
s
tate
that
the
mor
e
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
a
dde
d
to
the
phos
phor
c
ompoundi
ng,
the
mo
r
e
D
-
C
C
T
c
a
n
be
obtaine
d.
T
he
e
xc
e
ll
e
nt
va
lue
of
the
D
-
C
C
T
c
a
n
be
obtaine
d
with
the
lowe
s
t
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
o
f
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
Eu
2+
.
I
t
c
a
n
be
obs
e
r
ve
d
that
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2
+
take
s
pa
r
t
in
the
s
c
a
tt
e
r
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
in
the
phos
phor
laye
r
.
F
ur
ther
mor
e
,
the
inf
luenc
e
o
f
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
on
the
C
QS
a
nd
C
R
I
of
the
5600K
RP
-
W
L
E
Ds
is
dr
a
wn
in
F
igur
e
s
3
a
nd
4
,
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
F
r
o
m
F
igu
r
e
3
,
we
c
a
n
s
e
e
that
the
C
QS
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
s
while
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
r
is
e
s
f
r
om
0%
to
12%
a
nd
ha
s
a
mas
s
ive
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
with
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
f
r
om12%
to
16
%
.
T
he
opti
mal
va
lue
of
the
C
QS
is
76,
with
12%
r
e
d
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on.
I
n
the
s
a
me
wa
y,
the
C
R
I
r
is
e
s
whe
n
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Oc
tober
2020:
2385
-
2390
2388
f
r
om
0
%
to
10%
a
nd
then
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
while
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
va
r
ies
f
r
om
10%
to
16%
.
T
he
C
R
I
ha
s
the
maximum
va
lue
a
s
87
wi
th
10%
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2
+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on,
a
s
il
l
us
tr
a
ted
in
F
igur
e
4
.
F
igur
e
2
.
D
-
CCT
F
igur
e
3
.
C
QS
F
igur
e
4
.
C
R
I
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
Sr
[
M
g
3
SiN
4
]
E
u
2+
phos
phor
:
s
olut
ion
for
e
nhanc
in
g
the
opti
c
al
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
…
(
P
hu
T
r
an
T
in
)
2389
F
r
om
thes
e
r
e
s
ult
s
,
we
c
a
n
s
tate
that
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
i
N
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
ha
s
a
s
igni
f
ica
nt
im
pa
c
t
on
the
C
QS
a
nd
C
R
I
of
the
5600K
R
P
-
W
L
E
Ds
.
F
inally,
the
im
pa
c
t
of
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
on
the
L
O
of
the
5600K
R
P
-
W
L
E
Ds
is
pr
e
s
e
nte
d
in
F
igur
e
5
.
He
r
e
,
we
va
r
ied
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
i
N
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
f
r
om
0%
to
16%
a
nd
inves
ti
ga
ted
the
inf
luenc
e
of
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
on
the
L
O.
As
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
5
,
the
L
o
ha
s
a
mas
s
iv
e
f
a
ll
with
the
r
is
ing
of
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
to
c
onvince
the
in
f
luenc
e
of
the
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
on
th
e
L
O
o
f
the
5600K
R
P
-
W
L
E
Ds
.
F
igur
e
5
.
L
O
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
I
n
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
we
p
r
e
s
e
nted
a
nd
inves
ti
ga
ted
th
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
of
the
r
e
d
S
r
[
M
g
3
S
iN
4
]
E
u
2+
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
on
the
opti
c
a
l
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
of
the
560
0K
R
P
-
W
L
E
Ds
.
W
e
us
e
the
M
a
t
L
a
b
a
nd
the
L
ight
T
ool
S
of
twa
r
e
to
inves
ti
ga
te
the
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
the
r
e
d
phos
phor
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
on
the
C
R
I
,
C
QS,
D
-
C
C
T
,
a
n
d
L
O
of
the
5600K
R
P
-
W
L
E
Ds
.
F
r
om
the
r
e
s
ult
,
we
c
a
n
s
tate
that
the
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ti
on
o
f
the
r
e
d
phos
phor
in
f
luenc
e
d
on
the
C
R
I
,
C
QS,
D
-
C
C
T
a
nd
L
O
of
the
R
P
-
W
L
E
Ds
.
T
his
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
a
n
be
pr
opos
e
d
the
nove
l
r
e
c
omm
e
nda
ti
on
f
or
L
E
Ds
manuf
a
c
tur
ing
in
the
n
e
a
r
f
utur
e
.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
Sh
en
g
L
i
u
X
i
a
o
b
i
n
g
L
u
o
,
“
L
E
D
Pack
a
g
i
n
g
f
o
r
L
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
A
p
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
:
D
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
L
E
D
Pac
k
ag
i
n
g
A
p
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
-
C
h
ap
t
er
6
,”
p
p
.
2
1
5
-
3
1
5
,
2
0
1
1
.
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
2
/
9
7
8
0
4
7
0
8
2
7
8
5
7
.
[2
]
G
i
b
n
e
y
E
l
i
za
b
et
h
,
“N
o
b
el
fo
r
Bl
u
e
L
E
D
T
h
at
Rev
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
i
zed
L
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
,
”
Na
t
u
r
e
,
v
o
l
.
5
1
4
,
n
o
.
7
5
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
5
2
-
153
,
2
0
1
4
.
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
3
8
/
5
1
4
1
5
2
a.
[3
]
W
i
n
k
l
er,
H
o
l
g
er,
Q
u
a
n
g
T
ri
n
h
,
Pet
er
B
o
d
r
o
g
i
,
an
d
T
ra
n
Q
u
o
c
K
h
an
h
,
“
L
E
D
L
i
g
h
t
i
n
g
:
T
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
Perce
p
t
i
o
n
,”
W
ei
n
h
e
i
m:
W
i
l
e
y
-
V
C
H
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
L
u
o
X
i
a
o
b
i
n
g
,
Ru
n
H
u
,
Sh
e
n
g
L
i
u
,
an
d
K
ai
W
a
n
g
,
“
H
eat
an
d
Fl
u
i
d
Fl
o
w
i
n
H
i
g
h
-
Po
w
er
L
E
D
Pack
a
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
.
”
P
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
i
n
E
n
er
g
y
a
n
d
Co
m
b
u
s
t
i
o
n
S
c
i
e
n
ce
,
v
o
l
.
56
,
p
p
.
1
-
32
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
Hu
R
u
n
,
X
i
ao
b
i
n
g
L
u
o
,
an
d
Sh
e
n
g
L
i
u
,
“E
ffec
t
o
f
t
h
e
A
mo
u
n
t
o
f
P
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
S
i
l
i
co
n
e
G
el
o
n
O
p
t
i
cal
Pr
o
p
e
rt
y
o
f
W
h
i
t
e
L
i
g
h
t
-
E
mi
t
t
i
n
g
D
i
o
d
e
s
Pack
ag
i
n
g
,
”
2
0
1
1
1
2
t
h
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
o
n
E
l
ec
t
r
o
n
i
c
P
a
ck
a
g
i
n
g
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
H
i
g
h
D
e
n
s
i
t
y
P
a
ck
a
g
i
n
g
,
2
0
1
1
.
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
i
ce
p
t
.
2
0
1
1
.
6
0
6
7
0
1
5
.
[6
]
Ph
u
T
ra
n
T
i
n
,
N
.
H.
K.
N
h
a
n
,
Mi
n
h
T
ra
n
,
T
.
T.
T
ran
g
,
T
an
N
.
N
g
u
y
e
n
an
d
Mi
r
o
s
l
av
V
o
zn
ak
,
“
Co
-
D
o
p
i
n
g
Red
-
E
m
i
t
t
i
n
g
Sr
2
s
i
5
n
8
:
E
u
2
+
In
t
o
Y
el
l
o
w
-
E
mi
t
t
i
n
g
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
r
-
Pack
a
g
i
n
g
Fo
r
E
n
h
an
c
i
n
g
T
h
e
O
p
t
i
cal
Pro
p
er
t
i
e
s
O
f
T
h
e
8
5
0
0
K
Rem
o
t
e
-
P
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Pac
k
ag
i
n
g
W
l
ed
s
,
”
D
i
g
e
s
t
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Na
n
o
m
a
t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Vol.
18
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No
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5
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2020:
2385
-
2390
2390
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