T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n,
Co
m
pu
t
ing
,
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2
0
2
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
8
8
~
139
5
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
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ac
cr
ed
ited
First Gr
ad
e
b
y
Kem
en
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tek
d
i
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ti,
Dec
r
ee
No
: 2
1
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/2
0
1
8
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
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L
KOM
NI
K
A.
v
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i4
.
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0
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1388
J
o
ur
na
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m
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e
:
h
ttp
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l.u
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a
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id
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p
h
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OM
N
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A
H
ig
h per
forma
nc
e binary
LDP
C
-
c
o
ded OFDM
sy
ste
ms
ov
er
in
do
o
r P
LC c
ha
nnels
Nej
wa
E
l Ma
a
m
m
a
r
1
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Sedd
i
k
B
ri
2
,
J
a
o
ua
d F
o
s
hi
3
,
M
o
ha
m
m
ed
Am
ine Ih
edra
ne
4
,
E
l F
a
dl Adib
a
5
1
,3
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
In
stru
m
e
n
tati
o
n
a
n
d
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
s a
n
d
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
Err
a
c
h
i
d
ia,
M
o
u
la
y
Ism
a
il
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
2
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M
a
teria
ls
a
n
d
I
n
stru
m
e
n
tat
io
n
s: M
IN,
ES
TM
-
M
o
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la
y
Ism
a
il
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
M
e
k
n
e
s
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M
o
r
o
c
c
o
5
Hig
h
E
n
e
rg
y
P
h
y
sic
s
-
M
o
d
e
l
in
g
a
n
d
S
i
m
u
latio
n
.
(LP
HE
-
M
S
)
-
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s F
a
c
u
lt
y
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M
o
h
a
m
e
d
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Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Ra
b
a
t,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
l 1
5
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
is
ed
Ma
r
3
0
,
2
0
2
1
Acc
ep
ted
Ap
r
1
0
,
2
0
2
1
P
o
we
r
li
n
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
(P
L
C)
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
is
a
c
tu
a
ll
y
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
o
st
re
n
o
wn
e
d
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
fo
r
h
o
m
e
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
ts
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
ir
lo
w
-
c
o
st
in
sta
ll
a
ti
o
n
o
p
p
o
rtu
n
it
ies
.
I
n
t
h
is stu
d
y
,
th
e
b
it
e
rro
r
ra
te
(BER)
p
e
r
fo
rm
a
n
c
e
s
o
f
b
i
n
a
ry
l
o
w
-
d
e
n
sit
y
p
a
rit
y
c
h
e
c
k
(LDP
C
)
c
o
d
e
d
o
rt
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
-
d
iv
isi
o
n
m
u
l
ti
p
le
x
in
g
(OFDM
)
sy
ste
m
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
c
o
n
sid
e
re
d
o
v
e
r
i
n
d
o
o
r
P
LC
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls.
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
s
c
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
d
iv
e
rse
so
ft
a
n
d
h
a
rd
d
e
c
isio
n
LDP
C
d
e
c
o
d
e
r
sc
h
e
m
e
s
su
c
h
a
s
M
in
-
S
u
m
(M
S
),
we
ig
h
ted
b
i
t
fli
p
p
i
n
g
(W
BF
)
,
g
ra
d
ien
t
d
e
sc
e
n
t
b
it
-
fl
ip
(G
DBF),
n
o
isy
g
ra
d
ien
t
d
e
sc
e
n
t
b
it
-
fl
ip
(N
G
DBF)
a
n
d
it
s
fe
w
v
a
rian
ts
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
th
e
sin
g
le
-
b
it
NG
DBF
(S
-
NG
DBF),
m
u
lt
i
-
b
it
NG
DBF
(M
-
NG
DBF)
a
n
d
s
m
o
o
th
e
d
-
m
u
lt
i
-
b
it
NG
DBF
(S
M
-
NG
DBF)
d
e
c
o
d
e
rs
we
re
e
x
a
m
in
e
d
in
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
led
n
e
tw
o
rk
.
T
o
e
v
a
l
u
a
te
th
e
B
ER
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
ly
se
s
t
h
re
e
d
iffe
re
n
t
P
LC
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
sc
e
n
a
rio
s
we
re
g
e
n
e
ra
ted
b
y
u
si
n
g
n
e
w
a
n
d
m
o
re
re
a
li
stic
P
LC
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
m
o
d
e
l
p
r
o
p
o
sa
l
we
re
a
lso
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
.
Al
l
o
f
t
h
e
sim
u
latio
n
s
p
e
rfo
rm
e
d
in
Ca
n
e
te’s
P
LC
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
m
o
d
e
l
sh
o
we
d
t
h
a
t
re
m
a
rk
a
b
le
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
imp
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
c
a
n
b
e
a
c
h
ie
v
e
d
b
y
u
sin
g
sh
o
rt
-
len
g
t
h
LDP
C
c
o
d
e
s.
Esp
e
c
i
a
ll
y
,
t
h
e
imp
ro
v
e
m
e
n
ts
a
re
strik
in
g
wh
e
n
t
h
e
M
S
o
r
SM
-
NG
DBF
d
e
c
o
d
i
n
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s a
re
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
o
n
th
e
re
c
e
iv
e
r
sid
e
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
it e
r
r
o
r
r
ate
I
m
p
u
ls
e
n
o
is
e
L
DPC
co
d
es
OFDM
PLC
ch
an
n
el
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Nejwa
E
L
Ma
am
m
ar
Dep
ar
tem
en
t
o
f
E
lectr
o
n
ics,
I
n
s
tr
u
m
en
tatio
n
a
n
d
Me
asu
r
em
en
ts
Facu
lty
o
f
s
cien
ce
s
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
E
r
r
ac
h
id
ia
Mo
u
lay
I
s
m
ail
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
,
Mo
r
r
o
co
E
m
ail:
n
ejwa
.
elm
aa
m
m
ar
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
No
wad
ay
s
,
p
o
wer
lin
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
PLC)
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
g
r
ea
tly
g
ain
ed
m
u
ch
in
te
r
est
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
k
in
d
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
av
e
b
ein
g
wid
ely
d
ev
elo
p
ed
an
d
ass
u
m
ed
an
ex
ce
p
tio
n
ally
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
n
o
t
o
n
ly
f
o
r
h
o
m
e
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
b
u
t
also
f
o
r
h
ig
h
-
s
p
ee
d
I
n
ter
n
et
ac
ce
s
s
an
d
h
o
m
e
n
etwo
r
k
ap
p
l
icatio
n
s
[
2
]
.
Up
to
n
o
w,
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
PL
C
ch
an
n
el
ar
e
in
ten
s
iv
ely
b
ein
g
ex
am
in
ed
a
n
d
v
a
r
io
u
s
PLC
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
els
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
ese
n
ted
b
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
First
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
was
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
Hen
s
en
an
d
Sch
u
lz
[
3
]
wh
er
e
th
ey
s
h
o
w
ed
th
at
ch
an
n
el
atten
u
atio
n
ca
n
s
im
p
ly
in
cr
ea
s
ed
with
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
.
Af
t
er
Hen
s
en
’
s
m
o
d
el,
a
n
ew
m
o
d
el
th
at
also
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
e
f
f
e
ct
o
f
m
u
ltip
ath
was
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
Ph
illi
p
s
[
4
]
.
Af
t
er
war
d
s
,
an
ex
ten
d
ed
v
e
r
s
io
n
o
f
PLC
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
was
also
d
escr
ib
ed
b
y
Z
im
m
er
m
an
a
n
d
Do
s
ter
t.
L
ate
r
,
a
n
o
v
el
an
d
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
PLC
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
was
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
C
an
ete.
th
e
r
esu
lts
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
PLC
ch
an
n
el
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
atel
y
b
y
u
s
in
g
C
an
ete’
s
m
o
d
el
[
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Hig
h
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
b
in
a
r
y
LDPC
-
co
d
ed
OF
DM syst
ems o
ve
r
in
d
o
o
r
P
LC
ch
a
n
n
el
(
N
ejw
a
E
l Ma
a
mma
r
)
1389
L
o
w
d
en
s
ity
p
a
r
ity
ch
ec
k
(
L
DPC
)
co
d
es,
als
o
k
n
o
wn
as
Gallag
er
co
d
es
ar
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
e
d
am
o
n
g
th
e
ty
p
es
o
f
lin
ea
r
b
lo
ck
c
o
d
es,
f
i
r
s
t
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Gallag
er
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
L
DPC
co
d
es
ar
e
r
eg
a
r
d
ed
as
a
ca
n
d
id
ate
s
ch
em
e
f
o
r
th
e
n
ar
r
o
w
b
an
d
PL
C
wh
en
th
e
s
h
o
r
t
d
ata
b
lo
c
k
s
ar
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
in
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
a
n
n
els,
s
u
ch
as
wir
eless
in
d
o
o
r
c
h
an
n
e
ls
,
ac
o
u
s
tic
ch
an
n
els,
an
d
p
o
wer
lin
e
c
h
an
n
els
[
1
0
]
,
[
11
]
.
I
n
t
h
is
co
n
tex
t
we
h
a
v
e
r
eg
ar
d
e
d
to
u
s
e
a
n
o
v
el
an
d
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
m
o
d
el
as
in
d
o
o
r
PLC
ch
an
n
els
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
esu
lts
o
f
L
DPC
co
d
ed
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
a
l
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
-
d
iv
is
io
n
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
(
OFDM
)
s
y
s
tem
in
ter
m
s
o
f
b
i
t
er
r
o
r
r
ate
(
B
E
R
)
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
im
p
u
ls
iv
e
an
d
b
a
ck
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
o
is
es
is
tak
en
ac
co
u
n
t in
th
e
m
o
d
eled
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
th
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t v
ar
i
an
ts
o
f
b
it f
lip
p
i
n
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
ec
o
d
i
n
g
o
f
L
DPC
co
d
e
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ize
d
as
f
o
llo
ws:
s
ec
tio
n
‘
L
DPC
co
d
es
an
d
d
ec
o
d
i
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
’
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
en
co
d
in
g
an
d
d
ec
o
d
i
n
g
o
f
b
i
n
ar
y
L
DPC
co
d
es,
wh
ile
th
e
PLC
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
an
d
n
o
is
e
m
o
d
els
u
s
ed
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
in
s
ec
tio
n
‘
ch
a
n
n
el
a
n
d
n
o
is
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
’
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
ar
e
ex
a
m
in
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
‘
s
im
u
l
atio
n
r
esu
lts
’
,
an
d
f
in
ally
,
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
s
ec
tio
n
‘
co
n
cl
u
s
io
n
’
.
2.
L
DP
C
E
N
CO
DING
L
DPC
co
d
es
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
a
s
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
a
m
ily
o
f
er
r
o
r
-
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
co
d
es
th
at
h
as
r
ec
e
iv
ed
m
u
c
h
atten
tio
n
in
wir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
e
x
ce
llen
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
er
r
o
r
c
o
r
r
ec
tio
n
[
1
2
]
,
[
13
]
.
L
DPC
co
d
es
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
u
s
in
g
b
y
a
p
ar
ity
-
c
h
ec
k
m
atr
ix
H.
T
h
e
p
ar
ity
-
ch
ec
k
m
atr
ix
H
co
n
tain
s
m
o
s
tly
ze
r
o
s
(
0
s
)
an
d
a
f
ew
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
o
n
e
(
1
s
)
elem
en
t.
A
ty
p
ical
p
ar
ity
-
ch
ec
k
H
m
atr
ix
f
o
r
a
(
8
,
4
)
r
eg
u
lar
L
DPC
co
d
e
with
=2
an
d
=4
is
g
iv
en
i
n
th
e
(
1
)
.
An
L
DPC
co
d
e
ca
n
b
e
also
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
b
ip
ar
tite
g
r
ap
h
ca
lled
T
an
n
er
g
r
ap
h
[
14
]
wh
i
ch
co
n
tain
s
n
{1
….
N
}
ca
lled
v
ar
iab
le
n
o
d
es
an
d
m
{1
….
.
M}
ca
lled
ch
e
ck
n
o
d
es.
W
e
d
en
o
te
b
y
N
(
m)
th
e
s
et
o
f
v
ar
ia
b
le
n
o
d
es
n
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
ce
r
tai
n
ch
ec
k
n
o
d
e
m
.
A
v
ar
iab
le
n
o
d
e
n
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ch
ec
k
n
o
d
e
m
if
n
N
(
m)
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
s
et
N
(
m)
\
n
d
e
n
o
tes
th
e
s
et
o
f
v
ar
ia
b
le
n
o
d
es
lin
k
ed
t
o
th
e
ch
ec
k
n
o
d
e
m
ex
c
lu
d
in
g
n
.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
s
et
o
f
c
h
ec
k
n
o
d
es r
elate
d
to
a
ce
r
tain
v
ar
ia
b
le
n
o
d
e
n
is
d
en
o
ted
b
y
M(n
)
.
A
ch
ec
k
n
o
d
e
m
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
v
ar
iab
le
n
o
d
e
n
if
m
M(n
)
.
T
h
e
s
et
M(n
)
\
m
d
en
o
tes
th
e
en
s
em
b
le
o
f
ch
ec
k
n
o
d
es
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
v
a
r
iab
le
n
o
d
e
n
ex
clu
d
in
g
.
A
T
an
n
e
r
g
r
ap
h
f
o
r
(
1
)
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
a
n
n
er
g
r
ap
h
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
f
o
r
(
8
,
4
)
r
eg
u
lar
L
DPC
co
d
e
3.
L
DP
C
DE
CO
DING
P
RO
C
E
SS
T
h
e
d
ec
o
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
L
DPC
co
d
es
ca
n
b
e
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
u
s
in
g
eith
e
r
s
o
f
t
o
r
h
a
r
d
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ec
o
d
er
s
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
B
F
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
a
h
ar
d
d
ec
is
io
n
f
o
r
d
e
co
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
b
in
a
r
y
s
y
m
m
et
r
ic
ch
an
n
el
(
B
SC
)
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
Gallag
er
.
T
h
e
B
F
alg
o
r
ith
m
h
as
ex
ce
p
tio
n
ally
l
o
w
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
s
in
ce
it
o
n
ly
r
e
q
u
ir
es
a
s
u
m
m
atio
n
o
v
er
b
in
a
r
y
p
a
r
ity
-
ch
ec
k
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
y
m
b
o
l
at
ea
ch
iter
atio
n
;
n
ev
er
th
eless
,
th
e
B
FA
p
r
o
v
id
es
wea
k
d
ec
o
d
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Up
to
n
o
w,
v
ar
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies h
av
e
b
ee
n
ev
alu
ated
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
B
F
de
co
d
er
an
d
its
m
o
d
if
ied
v
ar
ia
n
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
weig
h
ted
b
it
f
l
ip
p
in
g
(
WBF
)
,
g
r
ad
ien
t
d
escen
t
b
it
-
f
lip
(
GDBF
)
,
n
o
is
y
g
r
ad
ie
n
t d
escen
t b
it
-
f
lip
(
NGDBF
)
an
d
(
s
in
g
le/m
u
lti)
NGDBF
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
,
it
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
b
in
ar
y
co
d
ewo
r
d
C
=
[
c
1
,
c
2
,
…
.
,
c
n
]
wh
ich
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
m
atr
ix
H
is
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
C
={
.
2
:
=
0
}
wh
er
e
2
d
en
o
tes
th
e
b
in
ar
y
Galo
is
f
ield
.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
th
e
co
d
ewo
r
d
C
is
m
o
d
u
lated
u
s
in
g
B
in
ar
y
p
h
ase
s
h
if
t
k
e
y
(
B
PS
K)
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
Af
ter
m
o
d
u
l
atio
n
th
e
co
d
ewo
r
d
Ĉ
is
g
iv
en
b
y
Ĉ
=
{
(
1
−
2
c
1
)
,
(
1
−
2
c
2
)
,
…
.
.
(
1
−
2
c
n
)
}
.
L
ater
th
e
co
d
ewo
r
d
Ĉ
is
tr
an
s
m
itted
o
v
e
r
an
Ad
d
itiv
e
W
h
ite
Gau
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
(
AW
GN)
ch
an
n
el.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
v
alu
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
Ĉ
a
f
ter
th
e
d
em
o
d
u
lato
r
is
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
r
n
=
c
n
+
n
n
;
wh
er
e
n
n
is
a
r
an
d
o
m
v
a
r
iab
le
with
a
ze
r
o
m
ea
n
an
d
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
N
0
/
2
[
1
6
]
.
L
et
N(
i)
b
e
th
e
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
n
ei
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
p
r
esen
ted
as
N(
i)
={
jЄ[
1
,
n
]
:h
ij=1
}
f
o
r
i=1
,
2
,
…m
an
d
M(
n
)
b
e
th
e
s
y
m
b
o
l
n
eig
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
M(
n
)
={
iЄ[
1
,
m
]
:h
ij=1
}f
o
r
j=1
,
2
,
…,
n
wh
er
e
h
ij
is
th
e
ij
elem
en
t
o
f
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
m
atr
ix
.
Usi
n
g
th
ese
n
o
tatio
n
th
e
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
co
n
d
itio
n
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
S
j
=
∏
(
)
,
wh
er
e
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
S
j
Є
(
+1
,
-
1
)
is
ca
lled
as j
th
b
ip
o
lar
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t o
f
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
3
8
8
-
1
3
9
5
1390
3
.
1
.
Weig
hte
d
bit
f
lip
pin
g
(
WB
F
)
a
lg
o
rit
hm
T
h
e
W
B
F
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
a
s
in
g
le
b
it
f
lip
p
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
Ko
u
et
a
l
[
1
7
]
.
I
t
im
p
r
o
v
es
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
v
er
th
e
B
FA
b
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
s
o
f
t
ch
an
n
el
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
m
ak
i
n
g
it
b
etter
s
u
it
ab
le
f
o
r
u
s
e
o
n
th
e
Ad
d
itiv
e
W
h
ite
Gau
s
s
ian
No
i
s
e
(
AW
GN)
ch
an
n
el
an
d
o
th
e
r
s
o
f
t
-
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ch
an
n
els
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
th
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
n
ly
o
n
e
b
it
is
f
lip
p
ed
at
ea
c
h
i
ter
atio
n
,
th
e
f
lip
p
ed
b
it
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
in
v
er
s
io
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
v
alu
e
o
f
W
B
F
[
1
9
]
wh
ich
is
g
iv
en
b
y
:
∆
(
)
≜
∑
∏
(
)
(
)
(
2
)
wh
er
e
≜
(
)
(
r
j
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
b
ip
o
lar
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
in
v
er
s
io
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
∆
(
)
g
iv
es
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
i
n
v
alid
n
ess
o
f
s
y
m
b
o
l
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
o
f
,
wh
ich
is
g
iv
en
b
y
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
weig
h
ted
b
i
p
o
lar
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
es.
T
h
e
b
it wi
th
lo
wer
in
v
er
s
io
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
v
alu
e
will b
e
f
lip
p
e
d
.
3
.
2
.
I
m
pro
v
ed
mo
dified
(
I
M
WB
F
)
a
lg
o
rit
hm
T
h
e
in
v
e
r
s
io
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
I
M
W
B
F
is
s
am
e
as
th
at
o
f
W
B
F
ex
ce
p
t
th
at
i
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ter
m
in
t
h
e
eq
u
atio
n
tells
ab
o
u
t
in
ter
io
r
b
it
b
ased
m
ess
ag
e
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ter
m
i
n
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
g
iv
e
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
ab
o
u
t
o
n
ly
c
h
ec
k
b
ased
m
ess
ag
e,
it
co
m
es
f
r
o
m
ch
ec
k
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
A
weig
h
ti
n
g
f
ac
to
r
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
b
it
m
ess
ag
e
b
ec
au
s
e
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
o
d
e
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
lu
m
n
weig
h
t
o
r
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
weig
h
t
o
f
b
it
m
ess
ag
e
s
h
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
s
am
e.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
c
h
o
i
ce
o
f
th
e
weig
h
tin
g
f
ac
to
r
α
is
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
ea
l
an
d
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
Mo
n
te
C
ar
lo
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
s
io
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
I
MWB
F is
g
iv
en
b
y
:
∆
≜
∗
(
)
−
∑
∏
(
)
(
)
(
3
)
3
.
3
.
G
ra
dient
des
ce
nt
bit
f
lip
pin
g
(
G
DB
F
)
a
lg
o
rit
hm
T
h
e
I
MWB
F
alg
o
r
ith
m
g
iv
e
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
u
t
is
n
o
t
cl
o
s
er
to
m
in
s
u
m
alg
o
r
ith
m
a
n
d
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
co
m
p
lex
ity
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
th
e
o
r
ig
in
a
l
W
B
F.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
MWB
F
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
ar
ith
m
etic
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
o
f
b
it
-
f
lip
p
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
W
ad
ay
am
a
et
a
l
.
[
2
0
]
co
n
ce
iv
ed
th
e
GDBF
alg
o
r
ith
m
as
a
g
r
ad
ien
t
-
d
escen
t
o
p
tim
i
za
tio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
th
e
ML
d
ec
o
d
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
wh
ic
h
ca
n
o
b
tain
a
n
im
p
r
o
v
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
a
s
lig
h
t
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
I
n
GDBF
alg
o
r
i
th
m
m
ajo
r
ity
lo
g
ic
d
ec
o
d
in
g
is
u
s
ed
t
o
o
p
tim
ize
t
h
e
g
r
a
d
ien
t
d
escen
t
m
o
d
el.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
is
m
eth
o
d
th
e
d
er
iv
e
d
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
g
iv
en
as f
o
llo
ws:
(
)
≜
∑
=
1
+
∑
∏
∈
(
)
=
1
(
4
)
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
a
r
t
in
o
b
jectiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
g
iv
es
th
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
th
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
b
ip
o
lar
co
d
ewo
r
d
a
n
d
r
ec
eiv
e
d
co
d
e
wo
r
d
,
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
m
a
x
im
ize
d
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ter
m
r
ep
r
esen
t
s
th
e
s
u
m
m
atio
n
o
f
b
ip
o
lar
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
o
f
.
I
f
an
d
o
n
ly
if
∈
,
(
)
r
ea
ch
es
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
with
∑
∏
∈
(
)
=
1
=
.
T
h
e
I
n
v
er
s
io
n
f
u
n
cti
o
n
f
o
r
GDBF
i
s
g
iv
en
b
y
m
ax
im
izin
g
(
)
.
Ma
x
i
m
izin
g
is
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
tak
in
g
p
ar
tial
d
er
iv
ativ
e
o
f
(
)
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
an
d
m
u
ltip
l
y
in
g
th
is
d
er
iv
ativ
e
with
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
in
v
er
s
io
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
o
r
GDBF
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
:
∆
≜
+
∑
∏
(
)
(
)
(
5
)
3
.
4
.
No
is
y
g
ra
dient
des
ce
nt
bit
f
lip
pin
g
(
NG
DB
F
)
a
lg
o
rit
hm
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
GDBF
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
to
r
ea
ch
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
v
alu
e
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
to
b
e
o
p
tim
ized
(
)
,
if
th
er
e
ar
e
cy
cles
in
th
e
p
ar
ity
m
atr
ix
,
th
er
e
is
a
lo
ca
l
m
ax
im
u
m
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
th
at
ap
p
ea
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
GDBF
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
escap
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
l
o
ca
l
m
ax
im
a,
b
u
t
it
l
ea
d
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
co
m
p
lex
ity
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
ca
n
b
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
b
y
ad
d
in
g
a
p
s
eu
d
o
-
r
an
d
o
m
p
er
tu
r
b
atio
n
in
t
h
e
in
v
er
s
io
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
at
ea
ch
s
y
m
b
o
l
n
o
d
e
at
ea
ch
iter
atio
n
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
n
ew
alg
o
r
ith
m
ca
lled
n
o
is
y
GDBF
[
2
1
]
.
At
ea
ch
iter
atio
n
o
f
th
e
NGDBF
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
th
e
in
v
er
s
io
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
s
in
g
le
-
b
i
t
N
-
GDB
F
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
:
∆
≜
+
∑
(
)
+
(
6
)
wh
er
e
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
r
ep
r
esen
ts
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
weig
h
tin
g
p
ar
a
m
et
er
to
s
ca
le
th
e
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
an
d
o
m
Gau
s
s
ian
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
o
is
e
s
am
p
les
with
ze
r
o
m
ea
n
an
d
v
ar
ian
ce
eq
u
al
to
2
=
2
0
2
⁄
whe
r
e
0
<
<
1
;
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
v
ar
ian
ce
o
f
th
e
ch
a
n
n
el
n
o
is
e.
T
h
e
o
p
ti
m
al
v
alu
e
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
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m
p
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Hig
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ejw
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1391
an
d
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co
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in
d
ep
en
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t
a
n
d
in
o
t
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ca
s
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f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
f
ain
tly
SNR
d
ep
en
d
en
t.
I
t
is
s
in
g
le
b
it
f
lip
p
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
t
h
en
o
n
ly
o
n
e
b
it
is
f
lip
p
ed
at
ea
ch
iter
at
io
n
.
Fo
r
t
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
ed
is
s
am
e
as
t
h
at
o
f
B
F
alg
o
r
ith
m
with
o
n
ly
in
v
er
s
io
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
(
7
).
I
n
M
-
NGDBF
alg
o
r
ith
m
in
s
tead
o
f
s
witch
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
th
r
esh
o
ld
ad
a
p
tatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
co
n
v
er
g
en
ce
o
f
m
u
lti
b
it
f
lip
p
in
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
ca
n
b
e
en
h
an
c
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
ad
a
p
tatio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
θ.
Du
e
to
th
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
a
n
d
d
e
cr
ea
s
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
t
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
M
-
NGDBF
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
ch
an
g
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
in
B
F a
lg
o
r
ith
m
.
Step
0
:
I
n
itializatio
n
: Fo
r
all
∈
{
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
.
,
n
}
,
l
et
=
(
)
let
≜
(
1
,
2
,
…
…
.
.
.
,
)
,
a
n
d
=
0
f
o
r
all
∈
{
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
.
,
n
}
Step
1
: Co
m
p
u
te
s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
=
∏
∈
(
)
(
7
)
Fo
r
all
∈
{
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
.
,
m
}
; I
f
+
1
f
o
r
all
,
o
u
tp
u
t
and t
hen
exi
t
.
Step
2
:
C
o
m
p
u
te
in
v
e
r
s
io
n
f
o
n
ctio
n
s
:
∆
≜
+
∑
(
)
+
f
o
r
∈
{
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
.
,
n
}
(
8
)
Step
3
:
B
it
-
f
lip
o
p
er
atio
n
s
:
If
∆
<
(
∈
[
1
,
n
]
)
Fli
p
b
it
Oth
er
wis
e
=
.
I
n
th
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
two
p
a
r
am
et
er
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
an
d
,
(
∈
[
1
,
n
]
)
b
e
a
n
eg
ativ
e
th
r
esh
o
ld
v
alu
e
ass
o
ciate
d
with
ea
ch
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
it.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
m
o
d
if
y
a
co
n
s
tan
t scalin
g
f
ac
to
r
is
u
s
ed
Є
[
0
,
1
]
.
Du
e
to
its
d
ep
e
n
d
en
ce
o
n
s
in
g
le
b
it
m
ess
ag
es
an
d
p
s
eu
d
o
-
r
an
d
o
m
n
o
is
e,
th
e
NGDBF
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
r
esem
b
le
s
lig
h
tly
to
th
e
f
a
m
ily
o
f
s
to
ch
asti
c
iter
ativ
e
d
ec
o
d
er
s
th
at
wer
e
f
ir
s
t
in
tr
o
d
u
c
ed
b
y
Gau
d
et
an
d
R
ap
ley
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
ed
af
te
r
th
at
with
s
ev
er
al
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
er
s
.
Du
e
t
o
im
m
o
d
er
a
te
f
lip
p
in
g
o
f
lo
w
co
n
f
id
en
ce
s
y
m
b
o
l
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
f
ailu
r
e
o
cc
u
r
in
M
-
NGDBF
alg
o
r
ith
m
[
2
4
]
.
T
o
a
v
o
id
th
is
u
p
an
d
d
o
wn
c
o
u
n
ter
is
u
s
ed
at
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
e
v
er
y
.
T
h
e
co
u
n
ter
is
in
itialized
to
ze
r
o
at
s
tar
t
o
f
d
ec
o
d
in
g
.
Af
ter
ea
ch
d
ec
o
d
i
n
g
iter
atio
n
th
e
co
u
n
ter
is
u
p
d
ated
u
s
in
g
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
:
(
+
1
)
=
(
)
+
(
)
(
9
)
T
h
is
eq
u
atio
n
in
v
o
l
v
es
th
at
th
e
co
u
n
ter
co
n
s
is
t
o
f
r
u
n
n
in
g
s
u
m
f
o
r
ea
c
h
o
u
tp
u
t d
ec
is
io
n
.
I
f
all
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
co
n
d
itio
n
is
s
atis
f
ied
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
co
m
p
leted
m
ax
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
,
th
en
o
u
tp
u
t
th
e
d
ir
ec
tly
.
I
f
o
u
tp
u
t
is
n
o
t d
ec
o
d
e
d
ev
en
af
ter
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
,
th
en
s
m
o
o
th
en
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
=
.
4.
CH
ANNE
L
AND
NO
I
SE
R
E
P
RE
SE
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
4
.
1
.
Cha
nn
el
m
o
del
I
n
th
is
we
h
av
e
a
d
o
p
te
d
th
e
PLC
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
C
an
ete,
th
is
m
o
d
el
ca
n
g
e
n
e
r
ate
m
o
r
e
r
ea
lis
tic
in
d
o
o
r
ch
an
n
el
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
s
in
ce
it
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
n
etwo
r
k
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
h
o
m
e
an
d
o
f
f
ices
to
cr
ea
te
th
e
ch
an
n
el
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
im
p
lifie
d
n
et
wo
r
k
lay
o
u
t
u
s
ed
ad
o
p
ted
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
PL
C
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el.
As
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
,
th
is
m
o
d
el
co
m
p
r
is
es
s
ev
en
lin
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
(
∈
{
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
}
)
,
(
∈
{
1
,
2
,
3
,
}
)
,
an
d
f
iv
e
ter
m
in
al
u
n
its
(
s
o
ck
ets)
(
∈
{
1
,
2
,
3
,
}
)
,
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
in
ter
m
s
o
f
t
h
e
im
p
ed
an
ce
lo
ad
s
ar
e
d
ep
icted
as
an
d
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
p
ath
b
etwe
en
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
,
th
r
ee
s
tu
b
s
o
r
“
b
r
id
g
ed
tap
s
”
ar
e
d
if
f
u
s
ed
,
ea
c
h
s
tu
b
co
n
tain
im
p
e
d
an
ce
.
W
h
ile
th
e
lo
ad
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
g
r
id
ar
e
illu
s
tr
at
ed
with
1
,
2
an
d
3
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
a
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
s
elec
ted
am
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
u
n
d
er
th
e
p
r
em
is
e
o
f
b
ein
g
a
s
s
im
p
le
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le,
b
u
t
als
o
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
f
it
to
th
e
ac
tu
al
ch
an
n
el
b
eh
av
io
r
.
Fro
m
th
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
lin
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
r
esi
s
tan
ce
(
R
)
,
in
d
u
ctan
ce
(
L
)
,
co
n
d
u
ctan
ce
(
G)
,
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
(
C
)
,
p
r
o
p
a
g
at
io
n
co
n
s
tan
t
(
c)
,
an
d
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tic
im
p
ed
an
ce
(
)
ca
n
b
e
d
er
iv
ed
to
d
ef
in
e
th
e
tr
an
s
f
er
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
PLC
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
an
d
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
ca
n
b
e
ac
q
u
ir
e
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
a
tw
o
-
p
o
r
t
n
etwo
r
k
an
d
AB
C
D
m
atr
ix
th
eo
r
y
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
,
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
im
p
ed
an
ce
an
d
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
c
o
n
s
tan
t (
)
ca
n
b
e
f
ir
s
tly
ca
lcu
la
ted
as f
o
llo
ws:
=
√
(
+
)
(
+
)
(
1
0
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
3
8
8
-
1
3
9
5
1392
=
√
+
+
(
1
1
)
AB
C
D
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
s
im
p
lifie
d
in
d
o
o
r
PLC
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
an
aly
tically
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
(
10
)
an
d
(
11
)
as f
o
llo
ws:
[
]
=
[
c
os
h
(
)
s
in
h
(
)
1
s
in
h
(
)
c
os
h
(
)
]
(
1
2
)
wh
er
e
an
d
p
r
esen
t
th
e
an
g
u
l
ar
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
an
d
ca
b
le
len
g
t
h
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fin
ally
,
t
r
an
s
f
e
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
in
d
o
o
r
n
etwo
r
k
with
r
esp
ec
t to
th
e
AB
C
D
p
ar
am
eter
s
is
g
iv
en
as
=
+
+
+
(
1
3
)
T
h
e
ch
an
n
el
tr
an
s
f
e
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
h
a
n
n
el
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
g
en
er
ate
d
b
etwe
en
0
Hz
to
3
0
MH
z
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
alr
ea
d
y
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
ar
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
cr
ea
ted
ch
an
n
el
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
ca
n
b
e
r
eg
ar
d
e
d
as:
C
h
an
n
el
ca
s
e
#
1
is
th
e
b
est
-
ca
s
e,
C
h
an
n
el
ca
s
e
#
2
is
m
ed
iu
m
-
cas
e
an
d
C
h
an
n
el
ca
s
e
#
3
is
th
e
wo
r
s
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t f
o
r
th
e
PLC ap
p
licatio
n
s
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
atten
u
atio
n
v
alu
es.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Simp
lifie
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
PLC n
etwo
r
k
u
s
ed
in
b
o
tto
m
-
u
p
c
h
an
n
el
m
o
d
elin
g
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Am
p
litu
d
e
r
esp
o
n
s
es o
f
th
e
in
d
o
o
r
PLC
ch
an
n
el
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
4
.
2
.
No
is
e
m
o
del
I
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e,
Mid
d
let
o
n
'
s
C
las
s
A
n
o
is
e
m
o
d
el
[
2
5
]
wa
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
to
a
s
tatis
tical
m
o
d
el
o
f
im
p
u
ls
iv
e
n
o
is
e
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
wh
ich
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
s
u
m
o
f
Gau
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
an
d
im
p
u
ls
iv
e
n
o
is
e.
T
h
e
PDF
o
f
th
e
n
o
is
e
am
p
litu
d
e
z
is
as f
o
llo
ws [
2
6
]
,
[
2
7
]
:
P
(
z
)
=
∑
e
−
A
A
m
m
∞
m
=
0
.
e
−
(
z
2
2
σ
m
2
)
⁄
√
2π
σ
m
(
1
4
)
wh
er
e
σ
m
2
=
σ
2
.
(
m
A
)
+
Γ
⁄
1
+
Γ
(
1
5
)
wh
er
e
A
is
th
e
im
p
u
ls
iv
e
in
d
e
x
;
Γ
=
σ
G
2
σ
i
2
⁄
[
2
8
]
is
th
e
GI
R
(
Gau
s
s
i
an
-
to
-
im
p
u
ls
iv
e
n
o
is
e
p
o
wer
r
atio
)
with
Gau
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
p
o
wer
σ
G
2
an
d
im
p
u
ls
iv
e
n
o
is
e
p
o
wer
σ
i
2
,
an
d
2
=
σ
G
2
+
σ
i
2
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
we
ass
u
m
e
th
at
t
h
e
im
p
u
ls
e
b
u
r
s
t
am
p
litu
d
e
is
s
u
ch
th
at
r
esu
lts
in
a
p
o
wer
o
f
im
p
u
ls
iv
e
n
o
is
e
NI
=
1
0
·
N0
,
with
N0
th
e
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
n
o
is
e.
I
t
f
o
llo
ws
th
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
ca
n
b
e
wr
itten
as:
y
(
t
)
=
(
)
∗
ℎ
(
)
+
(
)
+
(
)
(
1
6
)
wh
er
e
(
)
is
th
e
im
p
u
ls
iv
e
n
o
is
e
an
d
(
)
is
th
e
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
AW
GN
wi
th
ze
r
o
m
ea
n
an
d
v
ar
ian
ce
N0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Hig
h
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
b
in
a
r
y
LDPC
-
co
d
ed
OF
DM syst
ems o
ve
r
in
d
o
o
r
P
LC
ch
a
n
n
el
(
N
ejw
a
E
l Ma
a
mma
r
)
1393
5.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
R
E
S
UL
T
S
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
we
p
r
esen
t
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
f
o
r
a
b
in
ar
y
L
D
PC
co
d
ed
PLC
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
h
ig
h
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
th
e
L
DPC
co
d
ed
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
v
er
th
e
in
d
o
o
r
PLC
ch
an
n
els
w
ith
(
1
0
0
8
,
5
0
4
)
co
d
e
len
g
th
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
an
d
h
ar
d
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ec
o
d
e
r
s
ar
e
em
p
lo
y
e
d
in
all
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
to
co
m
p
a
r
e
th
ei
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
v
er
th
e
in
d
o
o
r
PLC ch
an
n
els.
Par
am
et
er
s
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
in
th
is
wo
r
k
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Simu
latio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
s
ed
to
o
b
tain
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
V
a
l
u
e
s
S
i
z
e
s
o
f
p
a
r
i
t
y
c
h
e
c
k
m
a
t
r
i
x
(
1
0
0
8
,
5
0
4
)
LD
P
C
c
o
d
e
r
a
t
e
0
.
3
LD
P
C
d
e
c
o
d
e
r
s
c
h
e
mes
M
S
,
W
B
F
,
G
D
B
F
,
N
G
D
B
F
,
S
N
G
D
B
F
,
M
N
G
D
B
F
,
S
M
N
G
D
B
F
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
i
t
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
n
u
m
b
e
r
25
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
t
y
p
e
O
F
D
M
C
y
c
l
i
c
p
r
e
f
i
x
l
e
n
g
t
h
0
.
5
3
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
m
o
d
e
l
P
LC
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
m
o
d
e
l
(
C
a
n
e
t
e
m
o
d
e
l
)
N
o
i
se
t
y
p
e
s
B
a
c
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
a
n
d
I
mp
u
l
s
i
v
e
n
o
i
se
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
L
DP
C
co
d
ed
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
in
ter
m
s
o
f
B
E
R
v
er
s
u
s
E
b
/N0
v
al
u
e
in
th
e
PLC
ch
an
n
el.
As
we
ca
n
s
ee
th
e
f
ig
u
r
e
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
b
etwe
en
B
E
R
cu
r
v
es
f
o
r
W
B
F,
GD
B
F
,
NGDBF
,
SN
GDB
F,
MN
GD
B
F
(
θ=
0
.
9
,
λ
0
=
-
0
.
9
)
an
d
SM
-
NGDBF
d
ec
o
d
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
iter
atio
n
s
,
an
d
f
o
r
th
e
b
est
-
ca
s
e
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
m
en
tio
n
ed
b
ef
o
r
e.
I
t
is
clea
r
l
y
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
th
e
MS
d
ec
o
d
e
r
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
th
er
h
ar
d
d
ec
is
io
n
.
T
h
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
SM
-
NGDB
F
is
v
er
y
cl
o
s
e
to
MS
alg
o
r
ith
m
an
d
its
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
is
n
ea
r
ly
a
b
o
u
t
8
.
2
d
B
t
h
a
n
th
at
o
f
th
e
u
n
co
d
ed
ca
s
e
at
a
B
E
R
lev
el
o
f
1
0
-
3
.
T
h
e
SNGDB
F a
n
d
th
e
MN
G
D
B
F d
ec
o
d
er
s
o
f
f
er
also
h
ig
h
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
as we
ll
a
s
th
e
MS
d
ec
o
d
er
a
n
d
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
ac
h
iev
e
d
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
e
h
ar
d
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ec
o
d
er
s
ar
e
n
ea
r
ly
7
.
5
1
d
B
an
d
7
.
5
2
d
B
f
o
r
a
B
E
R
o
f
1
0
-
3
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
d
ep
icts
th
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
c
o
d
ed
a
n
d
u
n
c
o
d
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
o
v
er
in
d
o
o
r
PLC
ch
an
n
el
m
ed
iu
m
ca
s
e.
Fro
m
th
e
f
ig
u
r
e
it
is
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
th
e
MS
d
ec
o
d
er
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
alm
o
s
t
1
0
.
2
d
B
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
10
−
2
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
h
a
r
d
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ec
o
d
er
s
,
it
is
clea
r
l
y
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
SM
-
NGDB
F
d
ec
o
d
er
o
u
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
n
ea
r
ly
0
.
4
5
d
B
a
n
d
0
.
9
d
B
th
an
th
at
o
f
th
e
M
-
NGDBF
an
d
S
-
NGDBF
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
in
th
e
lev
el
o
f
10
−
2
,
an
d
it
o
f
f
er
8
.
9
d
B
am
elio
r
atio
n
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
u
n
co
d
ed
ca
s
e.
T
h
e
W
B
F
d
ec
o
d
er
p
r
es
en
ts
th
e
wo
r
s
t
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
wh
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
th
er
L
DPC
d
ec
o
d
er
s
.
E
v
en
s
o
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
W
B
F d
ec
o
d
er
is
8
d
B
b
etter
th
an
th
at
o
f
th
e
u
n
co
d
e
d
ca
s
e
at
a
B
E
R
lev
el
o
f
10
−
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
1
3
⁄
L
DPC
co
d
es
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ec
o
d
e
r
s
o
v
er
P
L
C
ch
an
n
el
in
b
est
ca
s
e
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
1
3
⁄
L
DPC
co
d
es
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ec
o
d
e
r
s
o
v
er
P
L
C
ch
an
n
el
in
m
ed
iu
m
ca
s
e
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
th
e
NB
PLC
ch
an
n
el
in
wo
r
s
t
ca
s
e
an
d
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
cu
r
v
es
o
b
tain
e
d
f
o
r
th
is
ca
s
e
ar
e
d
ep
icte
d
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
As
e
x
p
ec
ted
,
all
o
f
th
e
d
ec
o
d
er
s
ar
e
ad
v
er
s
ely
af
f
ec
te
d
b
y
th
e
ch
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
an
d
th
e
lo
w
B
E
R
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
L
DPC
co
d
ed
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
t
i
s
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
MS
d
ec
o
d
e
r
p
r
o
v
id
e
alm
o
s
t
9
.
8
d
B
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
th
e
le
v
el
o
f
10
−
1
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
h
ar
d
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ec
o
d
er
s
,
it
is
clea
r
l
y
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
SM
-
NGDB
F
d
ec
o
d
er
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
n
ea
r
ly
9
.
2
d
B
th
an
th
at
o
f
th
e
u
n
co
d
e
d
ca
s
e
an
d
o
f
f
er
1
.
2
d
B
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
19
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t 2
0
2
1
:
1
3
8
8
-
1
3
9
5
1394
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
W
B
F
d
ec
o
d
er
i
n
th
e
lev
el
o
f
10
−
1
.
W
h
en
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
e
d
a
r
e
co
m
p
a
r
ed
,
it
is
s
h
o
wn
th
at
MS
d
ec
o
d
e
r
wh
i
ch
is
a
s
o
f
t
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ec
o
d
er
o
f
f
er
ed
b
est p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
o
r
all
ch
an
n
el
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
;
n
ev
er
th
eless
,
th
ey
r
eq
u
ir
e
h
ig
h
d
ec
o
d
in
g
co
m
p
lex
ity
an
d
co
m
p
licate
th
eir
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
in
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
7
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
c
u
r
v
es
o
f
W
B
F,
GDBF
,
NGDBF
,
M
-
NGD
B
F,
S
-
N
GD
B
F
an
d
SM
-
NGD
B
F
wi
th
tr
ad
itio
n
al
MS
wh
e
n
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
i
te
r
at
io
n
n
u
m
b
er
s
ar
e
s
et
to
1
0
0
a
n
d
5
,
r
es
p
e
cti
v
ely
.
I
t
is
cle
a
r
l
y
s
ee
n
th
at
t
h
e
B
E
R
f
as
tl
y
g
o
es
d
o
w
n
w
it
h
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
SNR
,
wh
ic
h
is
k
n
o
w
n
as
t
h
e
ca
s
c
a
d
e
r
e
g
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
a
p
h
,
f
o
ll
o
we
d
b
y
s
a
tu
r
ati
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
B
E
R
n
o
lo
n
g
e
r
g
o
es
d
o
wn
w
it
h
i
n
c
r
ea
s
in
g
SN
R
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
r
o
v
ed
r
es
u
lts
wer
e
o
b
t
ai
n
e
d
wi
th
T
=
5
.
T
h
e
S
M
-
NG
DB
F
is
f
o
u
n
d
to
s
h
o
w
a
c
o
d
i
n
g
g
a
in
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
i
n
g
1
d
B
i
n
th
e
lev
el
o
f
10
−
2
.
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
NG
DB
F
f
o
r
th
e
s
a
m
e
v
alu
e
o
f
T
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lts
s
h
o
w
als
o
a
g
ai
n
o
f
1
d
B
in
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
10
−
3
f
o
r
NGDBF
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
GDBF
wi
th
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
f
o
n
l
y
f
i
v
e
it
er
ati
o
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
1
3
⁄
L
DPC
co
d
es
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ec
o
d
e
r
s
o
v
er
P
L
C
ch
an
n
el
in
wo
r
s
t
ca
s
e
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
GDBF
,
NGDBF
,
M
-
NG
DB
F,
S
-
NGD
B
F a
n
d
SM
-
NGDB
F
with
tr
ad
itio
n
al
Min
-
Su
m
(
MS)
with
5
an
d
1
0
0
iter
atio
n
s
,
W
B
F a
lg
o
r
ith
m
s
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
f
th
e
b
in
ar
y
L
DP
C
-
co
d
ed
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
o
v
er
th
e
in
d
o
o
r
PLC
ch
an
n
els
in
te
r
m
s
o
f
B
E
R
b
y
c
o
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
r
ee
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
NB
-
PLC
ch
an
n
el
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
in
h
o
m
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
was
an
aly
ze
d
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ec
o
d
in
g
r
u
les
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
co
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
h
an
n
el
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
to
in
v
esti
g
a
te
th
e
h
ig
h
p
o
te
n
tial
o
f
th
e
L
DPC
co
d
ed
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
v
er
s
u
s
u
n
c
o
d
e
d
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
t
is
clea
r
ly
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
d
ec
o
d
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
c
o
d
ed
ca
s
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
with
th
e
MS
alg
o
r
ith
m
o
win
g
to
its
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
i
t
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
th
e
r
h
a
r
d
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ec
o
d
er
s
f
o
r
all
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
e
d
s
im
u
latio
n
s
in
th
e
PLC
ch
an
n
els
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
L
DPC
co
d
es
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
with
a
n
a
cc
ep
tab
le
en
c
o
d
in
g
co
m
p
lex
ity
wh
en
th
e
S
-
NGD
B
F,
M
-
NGDB
F
an
d
SM
-
NG
DB
F
d
ec
o
d
er
s
ar
e
u
tili
ze
d
o
n
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
u
n
it.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
co
n
f
ir
m
r
o
b
u
s
t p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
SM
-
NGDBF
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
it wa
s
co
m
p
a
r
ed
b
y
o
t
h
er
L
DPC
d
ec
o
d
er
s
y
ield
in
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
s
5
-
7
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
SM
-
NGDBF
a
ch
iev
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
e
n
ef
it in
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
to
th
e
b
est
-
k
n
o
wn
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
GDBF
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Y.
Ka
b
a
lci,
I.
De
v
e
li
,
E
.
Ka
b
a
lci
,
"
LDP
C
Co
d
e
d
OFDM
S
y
ste
m
s
o
v
e
r
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
In
d
o
o
r
P
o
we
r
Li
n
e
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls:
A
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
An
a
ly
sis,"
4
th
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Po
we
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
El
e
c
trica
l
Dr
ive
s,
M
a
y
2
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p
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5
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,
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we
rE
n
g
.
2
0
1
3
.
6
6
3
5
8
5
2
.
[2
]
Y.
Ka
b
a
lci,
I.
De
v
e
li
,
E
.
Ka
b
a
lci
,
"
LDP
C
Co
d
e
d
OFDM
S
y
ste
m
s
o
v
e
r
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
In
d
o
o
r
P
o
we
r
Li
n
e
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls:
A
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
An
a
ly
sis,"
4
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
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it
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lt
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n
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ry
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[1
9
]
X.
Wu
,
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o
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a
n
d
X.
Yo
u
,
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.
S
u
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ra
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o
r,
a
n
d
E.
Bo
u
ti
ll
o
n
,
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No
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ra
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sc
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li
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s,"
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ra
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[2
1
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.
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ra
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d
M
.
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v
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e
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Ku
m
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r,
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[2
2
]
V.
C.
G
a
u
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t
a
n
d
A.
C.
Ra
p
ley
,
“
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ti
v
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n
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n
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1
7
.
[2
3
]
M
.
Ism
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il
,
I.
Ah
m
e
d
,
J.
Co
o
n
,
S
.
Arm
o
u
r,
T
.
Ko
c
a
k
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a
n
d
J.
M
c
Ge
e
h
a
n
,
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w
late
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lo
w
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o
we
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it
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p
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m
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so
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6
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1
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.
[2
4
]
A.
C.
Ra
p
ley
a
n
d
V.
C.
G
a
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d
e
t,
“
Itera
ti
v
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d
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c
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d
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g
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m
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,
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[2
5
]
T.
S
h
o
n
g
we
,
A
.
J.
H
.
Vi
n
c
k
,
H.
C.
F
e
rre
ira
,
"
O
n
Im
p
u
lse
No
ise
a
n
d
i
ts
M
o
d
e
ls,”
1
8
th
IEE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m
o
n
P
o
we
r
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e
C
o
mm
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ic
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t
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s
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n
d
Its
Ap
p
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c
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ti
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s,
v
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l
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2
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6
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.
[2
6
]
N.
El
M
a
a
m
m
a
r,
S
.
Bri,
a
n
d
J
.
F
o
sh
i
,
"
A
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
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S
imu
latio
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tu
d
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o
f
Diffe
re
n
t
De
c
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d
i
n
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S
c
h
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s
in
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d
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d
OFDM
S
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ste
m
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-
P
LC
Ch
a
n
n
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l
,
"
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d
o
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J
o
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e
c
trica
l
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.
[2
7
]
J.
A.
C
o
rtes
,
A.
S
a
n
z
,
P
.
Est
o
p
i
ñ
a
n
,
a
n
d
J.
I.
G
a
rc
ía
,
"
On
t
h
e
su
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b
il
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y
o
f
t
h
e
M
id
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leto
n
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las
s
A
n
o
ise
m
o
d
e
l
fo
r
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rro
wb
a
n
d
P
LC,
”
2
0
1
6
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
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mp
o
siu
m
o
n
P
o
we
r
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n
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mm
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ica
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s
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s
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.
[2
8
]
K.
Kh
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li
l
,
P
.
Co
rla
y
,
a
n
d
F
.
X.
Co
u
d
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u
x
,
"
An
a
l
y
sis
o
f
th
e
Im
p
a
c
t
o
f
Im
p
u
lsiv
e
No
ise
P
a
ra
m
e
ters
o
n
BER
P
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rm
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n
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o
f
OFDM
P
o
we
r
-
Li
n
e
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,”
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
:
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
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m
o
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si
g
n
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g
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,
Vi
d
e
o
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
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n
s
-
IS
IVC
,
2
0
1
4
.
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