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r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
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KOM
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A
T
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m
u
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C
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m
p
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tr
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,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
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2021
:
2
0
0
9
-
201
9
2010
s
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lar
p
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o
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co
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t [
3
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,
[
4
].
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m
p
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f
s
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lar
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m
a
ter
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[
6
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7
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[
8
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en
er
g
y
ar
e
p
ea
k
d
ail
y
p
o
w
er
o
n
a
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
s
u
r
f
ac
e
(
W
/m
2
)
,
p
ea
k
d
ail
y
en
er
g
y
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
a
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
s
u
r
f
ac
e
(
J
/
m
2
)
,
an
n
u
al
a
v
er
ag
e
i
n
cid
en
t
p
o
w
er
o
n
a
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
s
u
r
f
ac
e
(
W
/
m
2
)
an
d
a
n
n
u
al
e
n
er
g
y
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
a
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
s
u
r
f
ac
e
(
J
/m
2
)
[
5
]
,
[
8
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
an
in
s
talla
tio
n
th
a
t
co
n
v
er
t
s
th
e
in
cid
en
t
s
o
lar
p
o
w
er
to
t
h
er
m
al
e
n
er
g
y
p
o
s
s
ess
e
s
t
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
y
ea
r
w
i
th
h
i
g
h
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
ou
tp
u
ts
.
T
h
is
i
m
p
lie
s
th
at
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
j
u
s
t
a
f
e
w
b
r
ig
h
t
d
ay
s
o
f
th
e
y
ea
r
is
n
o
t
v
a
lu
ed
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t
s
p
er
an
n
u
m
co
u
ld
b
e
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
u
s
ed
in
d
eter
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
o
ten
ti
al
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
i
n
th
at
p
ar
tic
u
lar
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
ica
l
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
h
a
s
h
ar
n
es
s
ed
s
o
lar
e
n
e
r
g
y
ca
te
g
o
r
ies
th
at
in
cl
u
d
e
s
o
lar
th
er
m
a
l a
n
d
s
o
la
r
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
P
V)
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
No
w
ad
a
y
s
,
r
en
e
w
ab
le
s
en
er
g
y
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
an
o
p
tio
n
i
n
t
h
e
p
o
w
er
s
ec
to
r
i
n
m
o
s
t
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
w
o
r
ld
.
I
n
2
0
1
8
,
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
n
in
e
t
y
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
h
ad
t
h
eir
r
en
e
w
ab
le
p
o
w
er
ca
p
ac
it
y
i
n
s
tal
led
g
r
ea
t
er
th
a
n
1
GW
a
n
d
ab
o
u
t
th
ir
t
y
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
h
ad
th
ei
r
o
w
n
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
a
n
1
0
GW
.
T
h
is
i
m
p
lies
th
at
r
en
e
w
ab
les
n
o
w
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
ab
o
u
t
o
n
e
-
t
h
ir
d
o
f
g
lo
b
al
p
o
w
er
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
h
as
th
er
e
f
o
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ie
s
o
f
r
e
n
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
en
r
eliab
le
a
n
d
ad
d
itio
n
all
y
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
e
lo
w
est
-
c
o
s
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
p
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
d
a
y
–
to
–
d
a
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
i
n
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
r
e
n
e
w
ab
le
e
n
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
s
u
ch
as
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
n
ec
e
s
s
i
tates
c
o
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
e
s
s
i
n
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
t
atio
n
o
f
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
5
]
,
[
8
]
.
Nig
er
ia
i
s
r
ic
h
i
n
s
o
lar
e
n
er
g
y
a
n
d
p
o
s
s
es
s
es
a
n
n
u
al
av
er
a
g
e
d
ail
y
s
u
n
s
h
i
n
e
o
f
6
.
5
h
o
u
r
s
.
Fo
u
r
a
n
d
Nin
e
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
s
u
n
s
h
in
e
ar
e
r
e
p
o
r
ted
ly
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ted
f
o
r
co
astal
an
d
n
o
r
th
er
n
ar
ea
s
o
f
th
e
c
o
u
n
tr
y
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
3
.
5
an
d
7
k
W
h
/
m
2
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
p
er
d
a
y
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
th
e
So
u
t
h
er
n
an
d
No
r
th
er
n
p
ar
ts
o
f
Nig
er
ia.
W
ith
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
d
eter
m
i
n
in
g
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
,
n
ea
r
l
y
e
v
er
y
lo
ca
tio
n
is
g
o
o
d
f
o
r
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
g
e
n
er
a
tio
n
[
3
]
.
I
n
r
ec
en
t
ti
m
e
s
,
r
u
r
al
elec
tr
if
ic
atio
n
h
as
ta
k
en
t
h
e
tu
r
n
o
f
i
n
s
t
allin
g
th
e
o
f
f
-
g
r
id
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
in
g
P
V
an
d
b
atter
ies.
Sizin
g
th
e
s
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
is
a
b
it
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
b
ec
au
s
e
it
in
v
o
l
v
es
m
atc
h
in
g
u
n
p
r
ed
icta
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
w
it
h
u
n
d
eter
m
i
n
ab
le
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
in
a
tte
m
p
ti
n
g
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
at
b
est
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
co
s
t
s
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
s
u
ch
a
n
ar
r
an
g
e
m
en
t
is
also
u
n
p
r
ed
ictab
le
an
d
n
o
n
-
li
n
ea
r
.
W
h
e
n
a
v
ailab
le
en
er
g
y
is
s
h
o
r
t,
o
v
er
c
o
m
in
g
lo
ad
d
e
m
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
es
t
h
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
li
k
e
t
h
e
b
atter
y
,
t
h
e
u
ltra
-
ca
p
ac
ito
r
,
an
d
p
u
m
p
ed
h
y
d
r
o
s
to
r
ag
e
(
P
HS)
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
ef
f
o
r
ts
o
f
th
e
r
e
n
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
an
d
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
f
ac
ili
t
y
n
eg
ate
t
h
e
s
o
u
r
ce
f
l
u
ctu
a
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
av
ailab
le
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
s
izi
n
g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
in
c
lu
d
es;
m
a
n
u
al,
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic,
iter
ativ
e,
g
r
ap
h
ic
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
a
n
al
y
tical/
n
u
m
er
ical,
ar
t
if
i
cial,
h
y
b
r
id
an
d
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
i
s
ai
m
ed
at
o
p
ti
m
izi
n
g
t
h
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
a
r
en
e
w
ab
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
b
y
W
eb
-
b
ased
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ap
p
licati
o
n
d
esi
g
n
f
o
r
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
(
P
V)
s
y
s
te
m
s
izi
n
g
.
T
h
e
s
iz
in
g
o
f
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
elp
s
i
n
r
ed
u
cin
g
i
n
v
e
s
t
m
en
t
co
s
ts
f
o
r
in
s
talli
n
g
s
ta
n
d
-
alo
n
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
S
A
P
S
)
w
it
h
o
u
t
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
9
]
.
R
ec
en
t
l
y
,
p
u
b
licatio
n
m
ad
e
b
y
t
h
e
Min
is
tr
y
o
f
Ne
w
a
n
d
R
en
e
w
ab
le
E
n
er
g
y
(
MN
R
E
)
an
d
T
h
e
E
n
er
g
y
a
n
d
R
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
I
n
s
tit
u
t
e
(
T
E
R
I
)
p
r
esen
ted
s
ev
en
P
V
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
th
at
ar
e
m
o
s
tl
y
u
s
ed
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
d
esi
g
n
f
o
r
s
o
lar
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
o
r
ld
w
id
e.
T
h
ese
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
ar
e
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Ho
m
er
P
r
o
,
P
V
F
-
C
h
ar
t,
P
VP
lan
n
er
,
P
Vsy
s
t,
R
E
T
s
cr
ee
n
,
s
y
s
te
m
ad
v
i
s
o
r
m
o
d
el
(
SAM)
an
d
s
o
lar
P
r
o
.
E
x
p
er
ien
ce
h
as s
h
o
w
n
th
at
t
h
es
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
ar
e
all
g
o
o
d
in
d
esig
n
an
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
P
V
p
o
w
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
s
o
lar
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
s
u
p
p
l
y
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
P
V
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
t
i
s
an
ar
r
an
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
s
u
ch
as
a
p
an
el
th
at
ab
s
o
r
b
s
an
d
co
n
v
er
ts
s
u
n
lig
h
t
in
to
elec
tr
icit
y
,
an
i
n
v
er
t
er
th
at
co
n
v
er
ts
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
to
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
e
n
ts
(
AC
)
,
a
b
atter
y
b
an
k
th
a
t
s
to
r
es
en
er
g
y
,
m
o
u
n
ti
n
g
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es,
ca
b
lin
g
,
an
d
o
th
er
ac
ce
s
s
o
r
ies
u
s
ea
b
le
in
s
etti
n
g
-
u
p
a
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
C
ateg
o
r
ies
o
f
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
in
cl
u
d
e
p
o
r
tab
le
/s
m
all
t
y
p
e,
T
o
p
-
r
o
o
f
m
o
u
n
ted
t
y
p
e
a
n
d
b
u
ild
in
g
-
in
teg
r
ated
t
y
p
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
r
an
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
lo
w
er
k
i
lo
w
a
tts
r
atin
g
s
to
lar
g
e
p
o
w
er
s
tatio
n
s
o
f
m
e
g
a
w
at
t
s
r
ati
n
g
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
t
h
a
t
m
ak
e
u
p
a
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
P
V)
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
lo
ad
,
in
v
er
ter
,
b
atter
ies,
s
o
lar
p
an
els,
ch
ar
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
,
P
V
ca
b
les,
an
d
m
o
u
n
ti
n
g
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
W
eb
-
b
a
s
ed
s
o
ftw
a
r
e
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
d
esig
n
f
o
r
s
o
la
r
P
V
s
ystem
s
iz
in
g
(
La
mb
e
Mu
ta
lu
b
A
d
esin
a
)
2011
2
.
1
.
P
ho
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
co
m
po
ne
n
t
s
L
o
ad
esti
m
a
tio
n
:
AC
lo
ad
s
ar
e
m
o
s
t
l
y
u
s
ed
in
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
ld
s
w
it
h
f
e
w
DC
lo
ad
s
lik
e
en
er
g
y
-
s
av
i
n
g
lig
h
t
b
u
lb
s
.
I
n
s
izi
n
g
t
h
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
,
lo
ad
co
n
s
titu
te
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ac
to
r
to
co
n
s
id
er
i
n
o
r
d
er
n
o
t
to
u
n
d
er
s
ize
o
r
o
v
er
s
ize
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
alter
n
ati
n
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
lo
ad
is
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
a
f
ac
to
r
ca
lled
in
v
er
ter
ef
f
icien
c
y
(
K)
,
th
i
s
is
n
ec
ess
i
tated
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
c
u
r
r
en
t
c
h
an
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
DC
to
AC
.
I
n
s
i
m
ilar
s
t
u
d
ies,
a
n
in
v
er
ter
e
f
f
icien
c
y
of
0
.
8
5
is
o
f
te
n
ass
u
m
ed
[
4
]
.
T
o
g
et
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
d
ail
y
lo
ad
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
a
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
ld
,
in
(
1
)
to
(
3
)
a
r
e
u
s
ed
[
4
]
,
[
6
]
.
(
1
)
=
∑
…
×
×
×
×
7
=
1
(
1
)
(
2
)
=
∑
…
×
×
×
7
=
1
(
2
)
(
3
)
=
+
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
;
T
total
(
A
3
)
is
t
h
e
a
v
er
a
g
e
en
er
g
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
p
er
d
ay
,
L
i
…n
is
t
h
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
lo
ad
W
att
ag
e
,
N
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
lo
ad
s
,
H
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
ag
e
h
o
u
r
s
p
er
d
ay
,
D
is
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
s
a
g
e
d
ay
s
p
er
w
ee
k
,
T
ac
is
th
e
a
v
er
a
g
e
d
ail
y
en
er
g
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
AC
lo
ad
s
,
T
dc
is
th
e
a
v
e
r
ag
e
d
ail
y
en
er
g
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
DC
lo
ad
s
an
d
K
is
th
e
i
n
v
er
ter
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
.
T
ac
is
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
i
n
v
er
ter
ef
f
icien
c
y
(
K)
a
n
d
ter
m
ed
p
o
w
e
r
ad
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t
f
ac
to
r
s
i
n
ce
Ac
lo
ad
s
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
i
n
v
er
ter
w
h
er
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
DC
to
AC
ta
k
es
p
lace
.
T
h
is
p
o
w
er
ad
j
u
s
t
m
e
n
t
f
ac
to
r
(
K)
v
ar
ies
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
i
n
v
er
ter
s
b
u
t
in
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
,
it
i
s
ass
u
m
ed
to
b
e
0
.
8
5
.
I
n
th
e
s
a
m
e
w
a
y
,
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
1
.
0
w
ill
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tl
y
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
T
dc
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
to
D
C
s
in
ce
DC
lo
ad
s
ar
e
co
n
n
e
cted
d
ir
ec
tl
y
to
t
h
e
b
atter
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
T
dc
r
em
ain
s
th
e
s
a
m
e
v
al
u
e
ev
e
n
a
f
ter
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
a
p
o
w
er
ad
j
u
s
t
m
en
t
f
ac
to
r
o
f
1
.
T
ac
an
d
T
dc
ar
e
f
in
all
y
d
iv
id
ed
b
y
7
to
g
et
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
ea
c
h
l
o
ad
in
a
w
ee
k
.
I
n
v
er
ter
:
P
V
in
v
er
ter
s
h
av
e
s
o
m
e
s
p
ec
ial
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
i
n
a
d
ap
tatio
n
w
it
h
P
V
ar
r
a
y
s
an
d
th
e
y
i
n
clu
d
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
p
o
in
t
tr
ac
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
an
ti
-
i
s
la
n
d
in
g
p
r
o
tectio
n
.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
class
es
o
f
s
o
la
r
in
v
er
ter
s
ar
e:
I
n
v
er
ter
s
u
s
ed
in
a
n
is
o
lated
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
ar
e
ca
lled
Stan
d
-
a
lo
n
e
i
n
v
er
ter
s
;
Gr
id
-
t
ie
in
v
er
t
er
s
ar
e
in
v
er
ter
s
th
at
w
o
r
k
in
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
is
m
w
it
h
th
e
u
tili
t
y
p
o
w
er
s
u
p
p
l
y
;
I
n
t
ellig
e
n
t
h
y
b
r
id
in
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
m
o
d
er
n
an
d
m
o
r
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
s
o
lar
i
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
s
o
lar
in
v
er
ter
is
f
o
r
is
o
lated
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
w
it
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
to
r
a
g
e
[
1
1
]
.
I
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
eit
h
er
r
ated
in
KV
A
o
r
VA
.
So
lar
i
n
v
er
ter
r
atin
g
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
esig
n
ed
h
i
g
h
e
r
th
an
t
h
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
b
y
at
lea
s
t 2
5
%,
th
i
s
ca
n
b
e
illu
s
tr
ated
u
s
in
g
(
4
a)
an
d
(
4
b
)
.
To
ta
l
W
a
tta
ge
(
B1
)
=
(
1
)
ℎ
(
4
a)
Pow
e
r
in
KVA
(
B2
)
=
(
4
b
)
w
h
er
e
,
(
)
=
0
.
85
=
(
2
)
+
(
(
2
)
0
.
30
)
.
(
5
)
KV
A
(
B
2
)
x
0
.
3
0
is
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
3
0
%
lo
ad
ex
p
an
s
io
n
.
T
h
is
ad
d
itio
n
al
lo
ad
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
h
o
w
e
v
er
v
ar
ies
w
it
h
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
an
d
t
h
e
s
e
lecte
d
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
b
u
t i
n
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
w
o
r
k
,
3
0
% is
ch
o
s
e
n
.
(
3
)
=
×
(
6
)
B
atter
ies:
B
atter
ies
ar
e
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
e
s
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
ar
ea
s
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
.
B
atter
ie
s
o
f
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
f
r
eq
u
en
t c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
is
c
h
ar
g
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
e
s
.
Ver
y
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
b
atter
ies
in
P
V
ap
p
licatio
n
s
ar
e
lead
-
ac
id
b
atter
ies
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
eir
d
ee
p
d
is
ch
ar
g
e.
A
l
s
o
,
g
el
-
t
y
p
e
lead
-
ac
id
b
atter
ies
ar
e
f
o
r
r
e
m
o
te
ap
p
lic
atio
n
s
w
h
er
e
a
m
ain
ten
a
n
ce
-
f
r
ee
o
p
er
atio
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
Nick
el
-
C
ad
m
i
u
m
o
r
Ni
-
Me
tal
h
y
d
r
id
e
b
atter
ies ar
e
ap
p
licab
le
in
a
p
o
r
tab
le
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
li
f
e
s
p
an
o
f
t
h
e
b
atter
i
es r
a
n
g
es
f
r
o
m
3
to
5
y
ea
r
s
.
T
h
is
li
f
e
s
p
an
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
s
e
v
er
al
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e,
a
n
d
ch
ar
g
in
g
/d
i
s
ch
ar
g
in
g
c
y
cles
[
1
2
]
.
Dep
th
o
f
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e
(
D.
O.
D)
w
h
ic
h
s
i
g
n
if
ies
t
h
e
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
at
w
h
ic
h
th
e
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
i
t
y
w
ill
b
e
u
s
ed
w
h
i
le
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
to
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
P
V)
s
y
s
te
m
,
d
a
y
s
o
f
au
to
n
o
m
y
(
D.
O.
A
)
w
h
ich
s
i
g
n
i
f
ies
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
a
y
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
s
u
n
s
h
in
e
to
ch
ar
g
e
t
h
e
b
atter
y
(
t
h
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
e
D.
O.
A
,
t
h
e
b
ig
g
er
t
h
e
b
atter
y
b
an
k
t
h
at
w
o
u
ld
b
e
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
o
f
c
h
o
s
e
n
b
atter
ies
t
h
at
wo
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
as
b
atter
y
b
an
k
is
also
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
er
2021
:
2
0
0
9
-
201
9
2012
L
o
s
s
e
s
i
n
th
e
b
atter
y
b
a
n
k
ar
e
also
co
n
s
id
er
ed
.
T
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
ab
o
v
e
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
i
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
In
(
7
)
to
(
1
4
)
ar
e
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
in
s
iz
in
g
t
h
e
b
atter
y
b
an
k
f
o
r
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic
[
1
2
]
.
A
ve
r
a
ge
a
mp
−
hou
r
de
ma
n
d
pe
r
da
y
(
C1
)
=
(
3
)
(
7
)
R
e
q
uir
e
d
b
a
tte
r
y
c
a
pa
c
ity
(
C2
)
=
1
×
.
.
.
.
×
0
.
85
(
8
)
A
c
c
ount
s
for
s
ys
te
m
l
oss
e
s
=
0
.
85
No
.
of
b
a
tte
r
ie
s
in
pa
r
a
l
l
e
l
(
C3
)
=
2
−
(
9
)
No
.
of
b
a
tte
r
ie
s
in
s
e
r
ie
s
(
C4
)
=
(
1
0
)
(
5
)
=
3
×
4
(
1
1
)
−
ℎ
(
6
)
=
=
3
×
−
ℎ
(
1
2
)
To
ta
l
b
a
tte
r
y
k
il
o
−
wa
tts
hou
r
c
a
pa
c
ity
(
C7
)
=
6
×
1000
(
1
3
)
(
8
)
=
×
(
1
4
)
So
lar
ce
lls
:
s
o
m
e
ce
ll
s
ar
e
m
a
d
e
o
f
a
s
i
n
g
le
la
y
er
o
f
li
g
h
t
-
ab
s
o
r
b
in
g
m
ater
ia
l
ca
lled
s
i
n
g
le
-
j
u
n
ctio
n
,
w
h
i
l
e
o
th
er
t
y
p
es
ar
e
m
ad
e
o
f
m
u
lti
p
le
lay
er
s
r
e
f
er
r
ed
to
as
m
u
lti
–
j
u
n
ctio
n
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f
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t
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s
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m
th
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I
t
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d
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ev
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tag
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[
1
3
]
.
T
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1
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2
1
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1
4
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In
(
2
2
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2
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P
V
ca
b
les
:
T
h
e
Natio
n
al
E
lec
tr
ic
C
o
d
e
(
NE
C
)
A
r
ticle
6
9
0
.
3
1
Sectio
n
B
s
tates
th
at
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
to
b
e
w
ir
ed
w
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“sin
g
le
-
c
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d
u
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r
ca
b
le
ty
p
e
USE
-
2
o
r
s
in
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co
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d
u
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ca
b
le
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ted
an
d
lab
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as
p
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to
v
o
ltaic
(
P
V)
w
ir
e”
[
1
5
]
,
[
16]
.
T
y
p
es
o
f
w
ir
e
u
s
e
v
ar
y
in
co
n
d
u
cto
r
m
ater
ial
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d
i
n
s
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lat
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.
T
h
u
s
,
t
w
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co
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d
u
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to
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m
ater
ial
s
w
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m
o
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l
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ed
f
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d
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in
s
talla
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co
p
p
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an
d
alu
m
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n
u
m
.
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h
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ca
b
le
is
u
s
u
a
ll
y
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
e
d
as
eith
er
a
s
o
lid
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r
s
tr
an
d
ed
co
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d
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r
.
T
h
is
s
ize
o
f
ca
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le
is
o
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n
r
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m
m
en
d
ed
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d
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s
ed
f
o
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lar
g
er
s
iz
es
o
f
s
o
lar
P
V.
Stra
n
d
ed
ca
b
l
es
h
a
v
e
s
li
g
h
tl
y
b
etter
co
n
d
u
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it
y
t
h
an
s
o
lid
ca
b
les b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
t
h
eir
ex
te
n
d
ed
ca
b
le
s
u
r
f
ac
e
[
1
1
]
,
[
16]
.
Mo
u
n
ti
n
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
:
th
e
s
e
ar
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
w
h
er
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p
an
els
ar
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lace
d
f
ac
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th
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u
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s
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ied
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g
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Fo
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r
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n
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g
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tr
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t
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p
e
s
ar
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av
ailab
le
a
n
d
th
e
s
e
i
n
cl
u
d
e;
R
o
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/Gr
o
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n
d
,
to
p
o
f
t
h
e
p
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s
id
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s
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P
V
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ar
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d
b
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s
co
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ty
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s
m
all
q
u
a
n
tit
y
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Su
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h
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lar
P
V
is
co
m
m
o
n
in
r
u
r
al
lig
h
ti
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s
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m
s
w
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er
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an
ex
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et
w
o
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k
o
f
P
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les
is
in
p
lace
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r
s
o
lar
in
s
tallatio
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attac
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m
en
t.
L
astl
y
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s
th
e
tr
ac
k
m
o
u
n
t
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
w
h
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ar
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e
x
tr
e
m
e
l
y
e
f
f
ec
tiv
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b
ec
a
u
s
e
t
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n
f
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ll
y
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tili
ze
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h
e
f
u
l
l
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o
u
r
s
o
f
s
u
n
lig
h
t
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
a
y
[
1
7
]
.
2
.
2
.
P
ho
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
s
izing
m
et
ho
ds
Sizin
g
o
f
co
m
p
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n
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
PV
s
y
s
te
m
s
is
a
v
er
y
cr
itica
l
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
b
e
ab
le
to
s
atis
f
y
lo
ad
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
.
A
ls
o
,
s
izi
n
g
is
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
co
s
t
est
i
m
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
e
th
o
d
s
o
f
s
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g
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
f
o
r
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
h
ich
ar
e:
m
a
n
u
al,
p
r
o
b
ab
ilis
tic,
ar
ti
f
icial,
iter
ati
v
e,
g
r
ap
h
ic
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
io
n
,
an
al
y
tical,
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e,
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
id
m
et
h
o
d
s
[9
]
,
[
18]
.
I
n
ar
tif
icial
s
izi
n
g
,
m
ac
h
i
n
es
ar
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
t
h
at
ar
e
lik
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
t
h
at
ar
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
th
o
u
g
h
t.
T
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
alg
o
r
it
h
m
s
s
u
c
h
as
g
en
etic
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
,
a
n
d
p
ar
ticle
s
w
ar
m
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
a
r
e
to
o
ls
f
o
r
s
izin
g
r
esu
l
ts
[
1
9
]
-
[
21]
.
T
h
e
an
al
y
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
d
escr
ib
ed
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
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y
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
w
h
ic
h
u
s
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
o
d
els.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
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f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
i
n
d
ices
s
i
n
ce
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
o
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
i
n
v
o
lv
ed
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
t
i
m
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
th
i
s
m
e
th
o
d
is
q
u
i
te
less
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
et
h
o
d
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
ab
o
v
e.
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
e
s
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
s
u
c
h
as
h
y
b
r
id
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
e
n
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
(
HO
ME
R
)
,
H
y
b
r
id
2
,
an
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
h
y
b
r
id
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
b
y
g
e
n
eti
c
alg
o
r
it
h
m
(
iHOG
A
)
to
co
m
p
u
te
t
h
e
d
e
s
ig
n
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
C
o
n
v
en
t
io
n
all
y
,
t
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
m
e
th
o
d
co
m
b
i
n
es
t
w
o
tech
n
iq
u
es
w
it
h
s
u
m
u
p
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
in
g
e
n
er
atin
g
o
p
ti
m
a
l
r
esu
lt
s
to
m
ee
t
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e
[9
]
,
[
18
]
,
[
22
]
,
[
23]
.
2
.
3
.
M
et
ho
do
lo
g
y
I
n
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
,
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
s
izi
n
g
s
o
lar
P
V
i
s
u
s
ed
.
I
t
i
n
v
o
lv
es
t
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
f
o
r
m
u
la
tio
n
o
f
f
l
o
w
c
h
ar
ts
,
a
n
d
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
w
it
h
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
la
n
g
u
a
g
es.
T
h
is
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
i
n
clu
d
es
h
y
p
er
te
x
t
m
ac
h
in
e
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
(
HT
ML
)
w
h
ich
w
a
s
u
s
ed
to
cr
ea
te
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
t
h
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w
eb
p
ag
e,
ca
s
ca
d
ed
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t
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le
s
h
ee
t
(
C
S
S)
was
u
s
ed
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o
r
s
t
y
li
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g
t
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p
ag
e,
J
av
aScr
ip
t
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J
S)
w
a
s
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s
ed
f
o
r
p
er
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m
i
n
g
t
h
e
ar
ith
m
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u
n
ct
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s
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h
y
p
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te
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t
p
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ep
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
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HP
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w
as
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
b
ac
k
e
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
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m
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s
tr
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g
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g
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u
s
e
d
f
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r
d
atab
ase
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n
o
p
en
-
s
o
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r
ce
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elatio
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al
d
atab
ase
m
a
n
ag
e
m
en
t
s
y
s
te
m
th
a
t
r
u
n
s
as
a
s
er
v
er
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
m
u
lti
-
u
s
er
ac
ce
s
s
to
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
atab
ases
.
H
o
w
e
v
er
,
f
i
v
e
s
tep
s
ar
e
f
o
llo
w
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
i
n
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
al
g
o
r
ith
m
o
f
t
h
e
w
eb
ap
p
licatio
n
w
i
th
s
ev
er
al
eq
u
atio
n
s
u
s
ed
in
ea
ch
s
tep
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
6
,
Decem
b
er
2021
:
2
0
0
9
-
201
9
2014
Step
1
: L
o
ad
esti
m
at
io
n
u
s
i
n
g
(
1
)
to
(
3
)
Step
2
: I
n
v
er
ter
s
izi
n
g
u
s
i
n
g
(
4
)
to
(
6
)
Step
3
: B
atter
y
s
iz
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
(
7
)
to
(
1
4
)
Step
4
: A
r
r
a
y
s
iz
in
g
u
s
i
n
g
(
1
5
)
to
(
2
1
)
Step
5
: Ch
ar
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
izin
g
u
s
in
g
(
2
2
)
to
(
2
3
)
W
h
ile
th
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
th
e
g
e
n
er
al
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Flo
w
c
h
ar
t o
f
w
eb
-
ap
p
licatio
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
2
.
4
.
Descript
io
n o
f
s
o
la
r
s
izi
ng
ca
s
e
s
t
ud
y
A
2
-
B
ed
r
o
o
m
b
u
n
g
alo
w
b
u
ild
in
g
lo
ca
ted
i
n
I
lo
r
in
,
K
w
ar
a
S
tate,
Ni
g
er
ia,
w
as
s
elec
ted
as
a
r
esear
ch
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
it’s
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
te
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
lo
ca
tio
n
is
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
5
.
0
k
W
h
/
m
2
/d
a
y
a
n
d
th
e
s
u
n
s
h
in
e
d
u
r
atio
n
is
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
6
h
o
u
r
s
/d
a
y
[
1
8
]
.
A
l
s
o
,
th
e
p
ea
k
s
u
n
s
h
in
e
h
o
u
r
s
ar
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ated
as 6
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es o
f
s
izin
g
a
s
o
l
ar
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
as
f
o
llo
w
s
[
1
8
]
,
[
24
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
f
o
r
m
u
la
ted
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
ts
a.
L
o
ad
esti
m
atio
n
:
al
ter
n
ati
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t
ap
p
lian
ce
s
i
n
t
h
e
h
o
u
s
e
w
er
e
ite
m
ized
.
A
p
p
li
an
ce
o
p
er
atio
n
al
d
esig
n
ed
w
atta
g
e
an
d
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
th
is
ap
p
lian
ce
a
v
ailab
le
i
n
t
h
e
h
o
u
s
e
d
eter
m
i
n
es
t
h
e
to
tal
w
atta
g
e
n
ee
d
ed
in
th
e
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
b
u
ild
i
n
g
.
W
h
ile
th
i
s
to
tal
w
a
ttag
e
a
n
d
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ied
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
u
s
e
p
er
d
a
y
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
w
a
tts
h
o
u
r
p
er
d
ay
(
W
h
/d
a
y
)
.
T
h
e
f
lo
w
c
h
a
r
t
th
at
il
lu
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
is
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
w
h
ile
t
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ap
p
licatio
n
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
b.
I
n
v
er
ter
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
:
to
s
iz
e
th
e
in
v
er
ter
th
a
t
w
o
u
ld
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
th
e
to
tal
lo
ad
o
f
th
e
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
ld
o
b
tain
ed
in
s
tep
1
a
b
o
v
e,
th
e
f
lo
w
c
h
ar
t
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
3
illu
s
tr
ate
s
th
is
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
g
a
v
e
th
e
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
Fo
r
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
to
l
er
an
ce
v
al
u
e
o
f
t
h
e
in
v
er
ter
was c
h
o
s
e
n
to
b
e
3
0
.
c.
B
atter
y
b
a
n
k
s
izi
n
g
:
th
e
f
lo
wch
ar
t
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
w
as
f
o
llo
w
e
d
in
s
izi
n
g
th
e
B
atter
y
b
an
k
c
ap
ac
it
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
v
al
u
es:
Av
er
a
g
e
en
er
g
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
p
er
d
a
y
=2
0
KW
h
,
au
to
n
o
m
y
d
a
y
s
=3
d
ay
s
,
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e
d
ep
th
=0
.
5
,
D
C
l
o
a
d
=
1
0
0
W
,
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
b
at
t
e
r
y
v
o
l
ta
g
e
=
2
4
V
,
A
m
p
-
h
o
u
r
c
a
p
a
ci
ty
o
f
s
e
l
e
ct
e
d
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
=
2
0
0
Ah
,
in
v
er
ter
v
o
ltag
e=
4
8
V
an
d
s
y
s
te
m
lo
s
s
o
f
0
.
8
5
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
3
.
d.
A
r
r
a
y
s
iz
in
g
:
ar
r
a
y
s
izi
n
g
w
a
s
b
ased
o
n
s
o
lar
m
o
d
u
les
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
th
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
v
alu
e
s
:
Av
er
ag
e
en
er
g
y
d
e
m
a
n
d
p
er
d
ay
=2
0
KW
h
,
P
ea
k
s
u
n
h
o
u
r
s
=6
h
o
u
r
s
,
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
=5
k
W
h
/d
a
y
,
b
atter
y
b
u
s
v
o
lta
g
e
2
4
V,
s
elec
ted
m
o
d
u
le
p
o
w
er
o
u
tp
u
t=2
0
0
W
atts
,
P
V
m
a
x
p
o
w
er
v
o
l
tag
e=
1
2
V.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
ap
p
licatio
n
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
W
eb
-
b
a
s
ed
s
o
ftw
a
r
e
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
d
esig
n
f
o
r
s
o
la
r
P
V
s
ystem
s
iz
in
g
(
La
mb
e
Mu
ta
lu
b
A
d
esin
a
)
2015
e.
C
h
ar
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
izi
n
g
:
m
o
d
u
le
’
s
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
i
t
cu
r
r
en
t=6
.
1
5
A
a
n
d
m
o
d
u
le
’
s
o
p
en
-
cir
c
u
i
t
v
o
ltag
e=
4
5
.
3
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
l
e
5
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
in
v
er
ter
th
a
t
i
s
s
e
lecte
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
,
c
h
ar
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ll
er
s
izi
n
g
m
a
y
n
o
t
b
e
r
eq
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ir
ed
b
ec
au
s
e
s
o
m
e
in
v
er
ter
s
co
m
e
w
it
h
b
u
il
t
-
i
n
c
h
ar
g
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
S
o
l
a
r
s
i
z
in
g
r
esu
l
ts
:
T
a
b
l
e
1
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
o
b
t
a
in
e
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
alg
o
r
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th
m
a
p
p
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c
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t
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o
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in
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[9
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9
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