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p
o
s
ed
an
a
u
d
io
wate
r
m
a
r
k
in
g
s
ch
em
e
u
s
in
g
s
h
o
r
t
-
tim
e
f
o
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
STFT
)
b
ased
o
n
SVD.
I
n
th
is
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
d
ete
ct
wate
r
m
ar
k
s
th
at
a
r
e
attac
k
e
d
b
y
s
im
p
le
n
o
is
e.
B
h
at
et
al.
[
11
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
au
d
io
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
m
eth
o
d
b
ased
o
n
DW
T
an
d
q
u
an
tizatio
n
in
d
e
x
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
QI
M)
.
T
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
s
tr
o
n
g
ag
ain
s
t
s
ev
er
al
attac
k
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
r
esu
lti
n
g
s
ig
n
al
to
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SNR
)
is
s
lig
h
tly
ab
o
v
e
2
0
d
B
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
[
1
1
,
1
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
au
d
io
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
s
ch
e
m
e
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
d
o
m
ain
an
d
b
ased
o
n
SVD.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
s
ch
ao
tic
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
o
n
b
in
ar
y
wate
r
m
ar
k
s
t
o
in
cr
ea
s
e
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
.
Al
-
Nu
ai
m
y
et
al.
[
13
]
ap
p
lies
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
m
eth
o
d
to
th
e
B
lu
eto
o
th
-
b
ased
au
to
m
atic
s
p
ea
k
er
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Ho
wev
er
,
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
in
en
d
u
r
a
n
ce
ar
e
n
ee
d
ed
.
An
au
d
io
wate
r
m
ar
k
h
as
g
o
o
d
r
esis
tan
ce
an
d
g
o
o
d
SNR
v
alu
es
w
h
en
th
e
DW
T
an
d
DC
T
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
co
m
b
in
ed
,
an
d
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
with
L
W
T
-
DC
T
-
SVD
is
n
o
t
b
etter
th
an
th
e
DW
T
-
DC
T
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
s
h
o
r
tco
m
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
ar
e
th
e
i
n
cr
em
en
tal
b
it
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
an
d
C
S
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
o
n
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
s
till
an
er
r
o
r
wh
en
it
is
b
ein
g
ex
tr
ac
ted
[
14
]
.
I
n
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
p
ap
er
s
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
r
o
b
u
s
t
r
esis
tan
ce
to
h
y
b
r
id
attac
k
s
an
d
d
esy
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
,
b
u
t
its
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
s
s
till
h
av
e
m
an
y
im
p
er
f
ec
tio
n
s
[
15
]
.
I
n
[
16
]
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
ch
em
e
h
a
s
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
to
v
o
lu
m
etr
ic
s
ca
lin
g
attac
k
s
w
h
ich
is
a
cr
u
cial
d
r
awb
ac
k
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
QI
M
-
b
ased
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
s
ch
em
e
also
s
u
f
f
icien
tly
r
esis
tan
t
to
co
m
m
o
n
m
eth
o
d
s
o
f
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
as
attested
b
y
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
ests
in
s
ec
tio
n
I
V.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
ex
tr
ac
t
o
r
o
f
th
i
s
m
eth
o
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
t
h
e
o
r
ig
in
al
a
u
d
io
s
ig
n
al
f
o
r
wate
r
m
ar
k
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
also
tr
y
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
o
f
th
e
m
eth
o
d
b
y
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
ar
r
an
g
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
co
ef
f
icie
n
ts
an
d
also
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
o
f
th
e
e
x
tr
ac
to
r
in
th
e
wate
r
m
a
r
k
ex
t
r
ac
tio
n
[1
7
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
e
r
,
L
W
T
-
DC
T
-
SVD
m
eth
o
d
is
s
elec
ted
in
o
r
d
er
to
g
et
a
b
etter
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
.
S
o
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
au
d
io
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
will
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
s
u
ch
as
au
d
io
q
u
ality
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t,
h
ig
h
er
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
to
th
e
attac
k
,
an
d
h
ig
h
er
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
e
wate
r
m
a
r
k
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
d
iv
id
e
d
in
to
two
s
tag
es
th
at
ar
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
a
n
d
ex
tr
ac
tin
g
s
t
ag
e
.
T
h
e
em
b
ed
d
i
n
g
s
tag
e
is
f
o
r
in
s
er
tin
g
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
b
its
o
n
t
h
e
a
u
d
io
h
o
s
t
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
to
r
ea
d
t
h
e
au
d
io
h
o
s
t
s
ig
n
al
th
at
will
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
co
m
b
in
ed
with
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
b
its
.
T
h
en
ap
p
ly
th
e
L
W
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ap
p
lied
f
o
r
a
s
u
b
b
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
s
elec
tio
n
.
Af
ter
th
at
,
th
e
DC
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
ap
p
l
ied
with
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
s
u
b
b
an
d
wh
er
e
it
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
th
e
au
d
io
h
o
s
t
s
ig
n
al
with
a
s
elec
t
ed
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
f
r
o
m
a
tim
e
d
o
m
ain
to
a
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
d
o
m
ain
.
T
h
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
th
e
DC
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
will
ap
p
ly
an
SVD
p
r
o
ce
s
s
wh
er
e
th
e
r
esu
lt
is
a
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
m
atr
ix
th
er
e
ar
e
,
,
an
d
m
atr
ix
.
an
d
m
atr
ix
will
b
e
f
o
r
war
d
e
d
to
SVD
R
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
wh
ile
th
e
m
atr
ix
will
b
e
m
o
d
if
ied
b
y
wate
r
m
ar
k
f
o
r
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
At
QI
M,
m
atr
ix
will
be
in
s
er
t
ed
with
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
,
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
n
v
er
t
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
m
atr
ix
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
at
co
n
tain
ed
in
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
s
to
o
n
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
in
th
e
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
c
ess
in
g
.
A
f
ter
th
at
,
th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
co
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
is
ap
p
lied
f
r
o
m
a
n
o
r
ig
in
al
m
atr
i
x
to
th
e
s
m
aller
m
atr
ix
.
An
d
th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
s
tag
e
is
to
tak
e
wate
r
m
a
r
k
b
it
s
o
n
th
e
wate
r
m
a
r
k
ed
au
d
i
o
.
I
n
t
h
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
s
tag
e,
wate
r
m
a
r
k
ed
a
u
d
io
is
r
ea
d
an
d
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
iza
tio
n
b
it
is
ap
p
lied
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lt
will
b
e
s
en
t
to
th
e
n
ex
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
th
e
s
am
e
as
th
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
n
til
g
ettin
g
̂
m
atr
ix
f
r
o
m
th
e
SVD
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Nex
t,
th
e
̂
m
atr
ix
f
r
o
m
SV
D
p
r
o
ce
s
s
will
b
e
ex
tr
ac
ted
b
y
QI
M
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Af
ter
th
at,
th
e
C
S
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
wate
r
m
ar
k
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
as
f
o
llo
ws:
s
ec
tio
n
2
d
escr
ib
e
s
a
b
asic
th
eo
r
y
o
f
au
d
io
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
an
d
th
e
m
eth
o
d
em
b
ed
d
in
g
,
s
ec
tio
n
3
d
escr
ib
e
s
an
au
d
io
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
m
o
d
el,
t
h
e
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
an
d
th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
ec
tio
n
4
d
escr
ib
e
s
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
an
d
an
aly
s
is
o
f
s
ev
er
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
,
wh
ile
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
d
escr
ib
es in
s
ec
tio
n
5
.
2.
RE
S
E
AR
CH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
L
if
t
ing
wa
v
elet
t
ra
ns
f
o
r
m
(
L
WT
)
W
av
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
is
a
lin
ea
r
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
alm
o
s
t
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
Fo
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
,
with
o
n
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
:
wav
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
allo
ws
th
e
p
lace
m
en
t
o
f
tim
e
with
in
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
fre
q
u
e
n
cies
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
.
W
av
elet
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
is
th
e
tim
e
-
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
m
eth
o
d
.
L
if
tin
g
wav
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
is
o
n
e
o
f
ty
p
e
f
r
o
m
wav
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
liftin
g
s
ch
em
e
is
a
s
im
p
le
m
eth
o
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
R
o
b
u
s
t a
u
d
io
w
a
terma
r
kin
g
b
a
s
ed
o
n
tr
a
n
s
fo
r
m
d
o
ma
i
n
a
n
d
S
V
D
w
it
h
....
(
Led
ya
N
o
va
miz
a
n
ti)
1081
to
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
b
io
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
wav
elet.
L
if
tin
g
W
av
e
let
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
s
tep
s
,
th
er
e
ar
e:
2
.
1
.
1
.
Split
Sp
li
t
tin
g
th
e
d
ata
in
L
W
T
h
a
s
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
as
f
o
llo
w
s
p
lit
th
e
d
ata
in
to
two
s
m
aller
s
u
b
s
e
ts
(
d
etail)
th
er
e
ar
e
−
1
f
o
r
ev
e
n
s
eq
u
en
ce
an
d
−
1
f
o
r
o
d
d
s
eq
u
en
ce
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
a
l is:
=
{
}
(
1
)
t
h
e
len
g
th
o
f
ea
ch
s
u
b
s
et
is
h
alf
o
f
th
e
Or
ig
in
al
s
u
b
s
et.
T
h
e
s
p
lit p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
L
W
T
is
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
ws:
(
)
=
(
−
1
,
−
1
)
(
2
)
−
1
=
{
−
1
=
,
2
}
(
3
)
−
1
=
{
−
1
,
=
,
2
+
1
}
(
4
)
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
f
o
r
I
L
W
T
is
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
etu
r
n
s
th
e
s
ig
n
al
as
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
eq
u
ati
o
n
o
f
s
p
lit
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
I
L
W
T
is
as f
o
llo
w:
−
1
=
(
−
1
)
(
5
)
2
.
1
.
2
.
P
re
dict
io
n
Pre
d
i
c
tio
n
s
tep
is
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
s
u
b
s
et
b
ased
o
n
th
e
lo
ca
l c
o
r
r
elatio
n
in
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
d
ata.
Pre
d
ict
is
to
u
s
e
th
e
ev
en
an
d
o
d
d
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
.
T
h
en
,
r
e
p
lace
th
e
d
etail
as
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
d
ata
an
d
p
r
ed
ictio
n
.
I
f
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
ar
e
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le,
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
tials
in
th
e
d
ata
(
−
1
)
will
b
e
s
m
all,
an
d
th
at
co
n
tai
n
s
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
m
u
ch
less
th
an
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
s
u
b
s
ets
(
−
1
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
w:
−
1
=
−
1
−
(
−
1
)
(
6
)
with
(
)
is
th
e
an
ticip
atio
n
f
u
n
cti
o
n
th
at
ca
n
b
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
p
r
e
d
i
ctio
n
o
p
er
ato
r
(
)
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
(
)
ca
n
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
d
ata
(
−
1
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
ed
ictio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
I
L
W
T
is
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
w:
−
1
=
(
−
1
)
(
7)
2
.
1
.
3
.
Upda
t
e
Up
d
ate
is
ap
p
lied
af
ter
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
s
tep
s
.
Up
d
ate
an
d
m
ain
t
ain
s
o
m
e
g
lo
b
al
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
d
ata
with
o
r
ig
in
al
d
ata.
Up
d
ate
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
v
alu
e
s
u
b
s
et
p
r
o
d
u
ce
f
ea
tu
r
es
m
a
y
n
o
t
b
e
s
am
e
with
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
d
ata.
So
,
it
tak
es
a
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
r
en
ewa
l
to
m
ain
tain
th
e
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
d
ata.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
we
ap
p
ly
th
e
u
p
d
ate
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Up
d
ate
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
−
1
=
−
1
+
(
−
1
)
,
(
8
)
with
−
1
is
th
e
lo
w
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
wav
elet
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ar
e
also
d
if
f
er
en
t.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
o
f
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
I
L
W
T
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
e
d
a
s
f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
(
−
1
,
−
1
)
,
(
9
)
2
.
2
.
Dis
cr
et
e
co
s
ine t
ra
ns
f
o
r
m
(
DCT)
DC
T
is
a
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
f
u
n
ctio
n
wh
ich
v
er
y
p
o
p
u
lar
u
s
ed
in
s
ig
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
.
DC
T
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
tim
e
d
o
m
ain
to
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
d
o
m
ain
a
n
d
is
ab
le
to
s
h
o
w
f
r
ag
m
e
n
ts
o
f
au
d
i
o
s
ig
n
als
in
th
e
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
e
co
s
in
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
cie
s
.
DC
T
is
u
s
ed
to
co
n
v
e
r
t
th
e
d
ata
in
to
a
s
u
m
o
f
co
s
in
e
wav
e
tr
ay
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t f
r
eq
u
en
cies
[1
8
]
.
DC
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
b
e
d
e
f
in
ed
as f
o
llo
ws:
(
)
=
(
)
∑
(
)
c
os
(
(
2
−
1
)
(
−
1
)
2
)
−
1
=
0
;
=
0
,
1
,
…
.
−
1
(
1
0
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il 2
0
2
0
:
1
0
7
9
-
1
0
8
8
1082
w
(
)
=
{
1
√
,
=
0
√
2
,
=
1
,
2
,
…
.
,
−
1
(
1
1
)
with
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
am
p
les
an
d
(
)
o
f
th
e
au
d
io
s
ig
n
al.
DC
T
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
d
is
to
r
tio
n
to
th
e
s
ig
n
al
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
b
ec
au
s
e
DC
T
h
as
a
f
ea
tu
r
e
th
at
h
as
an
e
n
er
g
y
b
u
f
f
er
o
n
s
o
m
e
s
am
p
les
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
o
f
I
DC
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
1
2
)
.
(
)
=
∑
(
)
(
)
−
1
=
0
c
os
2
(
1
2
)
w
ith
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
…
−
1
,
(
)
is
DC
T
r
esu
lt,
an
d
(
)
=
1
f
o
r
=
0
an
d
(
)
=
2
f
o
r
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
…
−
1
.
2
.
3
.
Sin
g
ula
r
v
a
lue dec
o
m
po
s
it
io
n
(
SVD)
Sin
g
u
lar
Valu
e
Dec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
is
a
m
eth
o
d
th
at
u
s
ed
to
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
e
a
m
atr
ix
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
l
e
,
we
h
av
e
m
atr
ix
f
o
r
th
e
SVD
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
m
atr
ix
is
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
th
er
e
ar
e
t
wo
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
a
l
m
atr
ix
an
d
a
d
iag
o
n
al
m
atr
ix
co
n
tain
in
g
s
in
g
u
lar
v
alu
es.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
m
ain
p
r
o
p
er
tie
s
o
f
SVD.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t,
s
in
g
u
lar
v
alu
e
o
n
th
e
au
d
io
h
as
g
o
o
d
s
tab
ilit
y
s
o
th
at
wh
e
n
th
e
au
d
io
is
g
i
v
en
s
lig
h
tly
attac
k
s
,
th
e
s
in
g
u
lar
v
alu
e
in
th
e
au
d
i
o
d
o
es
n
o
t
ch
an
g
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
,
t
h
e
au
d
io
q
u
ality
will
n
o
t
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
ev
e
n
th
o
u
g
h
th
er
e
was
a
litt
le
ch
an
g
e
to
th
e
s
in
g
u
la
r
v
alu
e.
An
d
th
e
last
,
s
in
g
u
lar
v
alu
e
s
er
v
es
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
o
f
th
e
au
d
io
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
s
tag
es
f
o
r
SVD
g
en
er
al
p
r
o
p
er
ties
s
u
ch
as
tr
an
s
p
o
s
e,
f
lip
,
r
o
tatio
n
,
s
ca
lin
g
[1
9
]
.
Giv
en
a
n
y
×
m
atr
ix
.
A
lg
o
r
ith
m
to
f
i
n
d
m
atr
ics
,
an
d
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
=
(
1
3
)
with
as
th
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
m
a
tr
ix
,
as
d
iag
o
n
al
m
at
r
ix
a
n
d
as
o
r
th
o
n
o
r
m
al
m
atr
ix
[
20
]
.
T
h
e
I
n
v
er
s
e
Sin
g
u
lar
Valu
e
D
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
(
I
SVD)
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
as f
o
llo
ws :
−
1
=
(
1
)
−
1
−
1
−
1
=
−
1
(
1
4
)
2
.
4
.
Co
m
press
iv
e
s
a
m
pli
ng
(
CS)
C
o
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
Sam
p
lin
g
is
a
m
eth
o
d
o
f
c
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
to
ta
k
e
th
e
least
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
s
am
p
le
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
p
r
o
jectio
n
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
B
asicall
y
,
th
is
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
a
way
to
s
im
p
lify
th
e
s
ig
n
al
.
An
ex
am
p
le
o
f
wh
en
we
h
av
e
s
ig
n
als
th
at
ar
e
m
illi
o
n
s
o
f
b
y
tes
we
ca
n
zo
o
m
o
u
t
to
o
n
ly
a
f
ew
h
u
n
d
r
ed
k
ilo
b
y
tes.
C
S
ca
n
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ct
a
s
ig
n
al
with
u
s
in
g
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
a
n
d
o
m
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
is
ca
lled
th
e
s
am
p
lin
g
m
atr
ix
an
d
s
ig
n
al
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
r
ar
e
[
21
]
.
A
s
ig
n
al
u
s
in
g
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
ca
lled
m
atr
ix
s
en
s
in
g
an
d
th
e
s
ig
n
al
is
r
ar
e.
A
s
ig
n
al
∈
is
k
-
s
p
ar
s
e
wh
e
n
all
elem
en
ts
o
f
k
a
n
d
ar
e
n
o
n
-
ze
r
o
.
Fo
r
y
is
a
ca
lcu
latio
n
v
ec
to
r
,
an
d
is
a
s
am
p
lin
g
m
atr
ix
o
f
M
×
N
,
t
h
en
th
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
o
r
m
u
la:
=
∗
.
(
1
5
)
B
asic
ally
,
C
S
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
two
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
th
e
r
ec
o
v
er
a
b
ilit
y
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
.
R
ec
o
v
er
a
b
ilit
y
d
is
cu
s
s
es
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
m
atr
ix
a
n
d
r
ec
o
v
er
y
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
.
I
ts
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
esto
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ig
h
t o
f
all
s
ig
n
als wh
ich
a
r
e
r
ar
e
-
k
(
k
-
n
o
n
ze
r
o
s
)
an
d
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t o
f
h
o
w
m
u
ch
to
en
s
u
r
e
r
ec
o
v
e
r
y
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
s
tab
ilit
y
s
er
v
es
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
r
esil
ien
ce
in
r
ec
o
v
er
y
an
d
wh
ile
it
is
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
n
o
is
e
an
d
/o
r
im
p
r
o
p
e
r
s
p
ar
s
ity
[
22
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
th
e
s
t
ab
ilit
y
o
f
C
S
lear
n
is
s
u
es
o
f
h
o
w
ac
cu
r
ate
c
o
u
ld
r
esto
r
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
C
S
s
ig
n
al
in
s
u
ch
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
th
at
h
as b
ee
n
s
et
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
1
min
imiz
a
tio
n
ca
n
b
e
d
e
f
in
ed
as f
o
llo
ws
[
22
]
:
̂
=
|
|
|
|
,
(
1
6
)
with
=
×
.
Sig
n
s
|
|
|
|
is
th
e
n
o
r
m
o
r
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
elem
e
n
t
s
co
n
tai
n
ed
th
e
r
ein
,
o
r
if
|
|
|
|
as
in
eq
u
atio
n
m
ea
n
s
th
e
n
o
r
m
o
f
elem
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
o
r
m
e
d
v
ec
t
o
r
s
p
ac
e.
W
h
er
e
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
is
a
m
atr
ix
len
g
th
g
en
er
ated
af
ter
th
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
t
h
is
s
ig
n
al
is
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
v
alu
e
o
f
th
e
s
p
a
r
s
e
s
ig
n
al
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
ca
lcu
latio
n
[
22
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
R
o
b
u
s
t a
u
d
io
w
a
terma
r
kin
g
b
a
s
ed
o
n
tr
a
n
s
fo
r
m
d
o
ma
i
n
a
n
d
S
V
D
w
it
h
....
(
Led
ya
N
o
va
miz
a
n
ti)
1083
2
.
5
.
Q
ua
ntiz
a
t
io
n
ind
ex
m
o
du
la
t
io
n
(
Q
I
M
)
Qu
an
ti
za
tio
n
in
d
ex
m
o
d
u
latio
n
(
QI
M)
is
an
ef
f
icien
t
m
e
th
o
d
o
f
co
m
p
u
tin
g
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
with
ad
d
itio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
b
e
a
p
p
lied
t
o
th
e
tim
e
o
r
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
d
o
m
ain
,
o
r
af
ter
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
s
tag
e
s
o
f
th
e
QI
M
em
b
ed
d
in
g
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t,
m
o
d
u
late
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
i
n
th
e
i
n
d
ex
th
at
th
e
r
esu
lt
is
ca
lled
a
q
u
an
tizer
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
,
q
u
an
tif
y
s
ig
n
al
h
o
s
ted
o
n
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
with
q
u
an
tizer
v
alu
e
th
at
m
atch
es th
e
w
ater
m
ar
k
th
at
em
b
ed
d
e
d
in
to
t
h
e
h
o
s
t sig
n
al
[
23
]
.
2
.
6
.
Sp
re
a
d
s
pect
rum
Sp
r
ea
d
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
is
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
eth
o
d
wh
ich
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
av
ailab
le
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
s
p
e
ctr
u
m
,
f
o
r
s
p
r
ea
d
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
s
ig
n
als
o
v
er
a
wid
er
b
a
n
d
wid
th
to
p
r
e
v
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ter
m
s
p
r
ea
d
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
is
u
s
ed
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
n
th
is
s
y
s
tem
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
al
h
as
a
b
an
d
wid
t
h
th
at
wid
er
th
an
th
e
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
ig
n
al.
SS
o
n
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
,
T
h
e
em
b
e
d
d
ed
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
lin
ea
r
l
y
ad
d
s
th
e
m
o
d
u
lated
SS
s
eq
u
en
ce
to
th
e
h
o
s
t'
s
au
d
io
s
ig
n
al
[
24
]
.
T
h
e
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
L
W
T
,
DC
T
,
an
d
SVD
as
t
h
e
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
f
o
r
a
h
o
s
t
au
d
io
is
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
m
et
h
o
d
to
y
ield
th
e
s
ig
n
al
with
s
tr
o
n
g
en
e
r
g
y
.
T
h
is
will
im
p
ac
t
a
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
m
ed
iu
m
f
o
r
h
i
d
in
g
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
y
QI
M
m
eth
o
d
.
I
n
th
e
s
am
e
ti
m
e,
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
is
co
m
p
r
e
s
s
ed
b
y
C
S
b
ef
o
r
e
hi
d
d
en
b
y
QI
M
m
eth
o
d
,
th
u
s
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
p
a
y
lo
ad
will in
c
r
ea
s
e.
T
h
e
SS
m
eth
o
d
in
th
is
p
ap
er
is
u
s
ed
to
ad
d
th
e
ab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
au
d
i
o
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
m
eth
o
d
to
b
e
r
o
b
u
s
t to
d
elay
attac
k
.
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
AL
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
I
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
au
d
i
o
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
d
iv
id
e
d
in
t
o
3
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
s
u
ch
as
:
wate
r
m
ar
k
,
em
b
e
d
d
in
g
,
an
d
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
.
W
ater
m
ar
k
is
d
ata
th
at
in
s
er
ted
to
au
d
io
h
o
s
t.
E
m
b
ed
d
in
g
is
a
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
s
er
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
to
an
a
u
d
io
s
ig
n
al
h
o
s
t.
E
x
tr
ac
tio
n
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
etr
iev
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
th
e
th
r
ee
s
tag
es is
ex
p
lain
ed
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
3
.
1
.
P
r
o
ce
s
s
ing
s
t
a
g
e
f
o
r
wa
t
er
m
a
r
k
T
h
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
p
r
e
s
en
ted
as f
o
llo
ws:
Step
1
:
R
ea
d
a
wate
r
m
ar
k
wh
ich
is
an
im
ag
e
m
atr
ix
.
Step
2
:
C
o
n
v
er
t
a
m
atr
ix
f
r
o
m
th
e
tw
o
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
m
atr
i
x
in
to
o
n
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
at
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
cc
ess
in
g
,
s
o
th
at
it p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
(
)
.
Step
3
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
one
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
m
atr
i
x
in
to
th
e
s
m
aller
s
ize
m
atr
ix
.
Usi
n
g
(
1
5
)
,
it
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
(
)
.
3
.
2
.
E
m
bedd
ing
s
t
a
g
e
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wate
r
m
ar
k
em
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1.
T
h
e
em
b
ed
d
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
as f
o
llo
ws:
Step
1
:
R
ea
d
o
f
s
ig
n
al
au
d
io
h
o
s
t
(
(
)
)
i
n
to
th
e
m
atr
ix
o
f
o
n
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
.
Step
2
:
Ad
d
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
ize
b
its
to
au
d
i
o
h
o
s
t.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
s
e
s
Sp
r
ea
d
Sp
e
c
tr
u
m
m
et
h
o
d
.
Step
3
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
L
W
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
d
e
f
in
e
a
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
p
o
i
n
t
(
(
)
)
.
C
alcu
late
u
s
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
2
)
,
(
3
)
,
(
4
)
,
(
6
)
,
an
d
(
8
)
.
Step
4
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
DC
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
er
e
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
a
tim
e
d
o
m
ain
to
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
doma
in
(
(
)
)
.
C
alcu
late
u
s
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
1
0
)
an
d
(
1
1
)
.
Step
5
:
Ap
p
ly
SVD
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
with
th
e
(
)
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
ed
b
ec
o
m
e
,
,
an
d
m
atr
ix
.
T
h
e
an
d
m
atr
i
x
f
o
r
war
d
e
d
to
SVD
R
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
wh
ile
th
e
Ma
tr
ix
d
o
th
e
QI
M
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
C
alcu
lat
e
u
s
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
1
3
)
Step
6
:
E
m
b
ed
t
h
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
th
at
alr
ea
d
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
ev
e
r
al
s
tag
e
s
i
n
to
m
atr
ix
,
th
en
th
e
r
esu
lt
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
m
atr
ix
th
at
h
as b
ee
n
co
m
b
in
ed
̂
m
atr
ix
.
Step
7
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
I
SVD
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
m
ix
th
e
m
atr
ix
an
d
̂
,
th
en
th
e
r
e
s
u
lt
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
̂
(
)
.
Step
8
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
I
DC
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
er
e
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
c
ess
to
co
n
v
e
r
t
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
d
o
m
ai
n
s
ig
n
al
̂
(
)
to
th
e
tim
e
d
o
m
ain
,
th
e
n
th
e
r
esu
lt p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
̂
(
)
.
Step
9
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
I
L
W
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
r
esto
r
e
th
e
s
ig
n
al
as
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
s
ig
n
al.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
an
au
d
io
s
ig
n
al
th
at
h
as b
ee
n
wate
r
m
ar
k
ed
,
wate
r
m
a
r
k
ed
au
d
io
̂
(
)
.
Step
1
0
:
C
o
m
b
in
e
th
e
Sy
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
s
ig
n
als with
th
e
au
d
io
h
o
s
t.
Step
1
1
:
C
alcu
late
t
h
e
Sig
n
al
to
No
is
e
R
atio
(
SNR
)
an
d
Ob
jectiv
e
Dif
f
er
en
t G
r
a
d
e
af
ter
g
ettin
g
th
e
̂
(
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il 2
0
2
0
:
1
0
7
9
-
1
0
8
8
1084
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
E
m
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
3
.
3
.
E
x
t
r
a
ct
io
n sta
g
e
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
wate
r
m
ar
k
e
x
t
r
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
ex
tr
ac
ti
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
as
f
o
llo
ws:
Step
1
:
R
ea
d
o
f
wate
r
m
ar
k
e
d
au
d
io
̂
(
)
in
to
th
e
m
atr
ix
o
f
one
d
im
en
s
io
n
.
Step
2
:
Ap
p
ly
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izati
o
n
b
it to
p
r
ev
e
n
t e
r
r
o
r
o
n
th
e
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
.
Step
2
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
L
W
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
d
ef
in
e
a
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
p
o
in
t
.
C
alcu
la
te
u
s
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
5
)
,
(
7
)
,
an
d
(
9
)
,
th
e
n
th
e
r
esu
lt p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
̂
(
)
.
Step
3
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
DC
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
am
e
as th
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
C
alcu
late
u
s
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
1
2
)
.
Step
4
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
SVD
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
wh
er
e
th
e
r
esu
lt
is
a
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
b
ec
o
m
e
m
at
r
ix
,
an
d
.
M
atr
ix
an
d
f
o
r
war
d
e
d
to
SVD
R
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
wh
ile
th
e
m
atr
ix
m
o
d
i
f
ied
b
y
wate
r
m
ar
k
.
C
alcu
late
u
s
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
1
4
)
Step
5
:
T
ak
e
th
e
m
atr
ix
to
ex
t
r
ac
t th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
b
it
̂
(
)
.
Step
6
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
C
S r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
̂
(
)
.
Step
7
:
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
co
n
v
er
tin
g
b
it
s
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
to
two
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
in
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
th
en
g
et
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
̂
(
)
.
Step
8
:
Per
f
o
r
m
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
B
it E
r
r
o
r
R
ate
(
B
E
R
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
x
tr
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
T
h
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
p
r
es
en
ted
as f
o
llo
ws:
Step
1
:
R
ea
d
o
f
wate
r
m
ar
k
e
d
au
d
io
̂
(
)
in
to
th
e
m
atr
ix
o
f
one
d
im
en
s
io
n
.
Step
2
:
Ap
p
ly
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izati
o
n
b
it to
p
r
ev
e
n
t e
r
r
o
r
o
n
th
e
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
.
Step
2
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
L
W
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
to
d
ef
in
e
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
p
o
i
n
t
.
C
alcu
late
u
s
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
5
)
,
(
7
)
,
an
d
(
9
)
,
th
en
th
e
r
esu
lt p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
̂
(
)
.
Step
3
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
DC
T
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
s
am
e
as th
e
em
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
C
alcu
late
u
s
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
1
2
)
.
Step
4
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
SVD
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
wh
er
e
th
e
r
esu
lt
is
a
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
b
ec
o
m
e
m
at
r
ix
,
an
d
.
M
atr
ix
an
d
f
o
r
war
d
e
d
to
SVD
R
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
wh
ile
th
e
m
atr
ix
m
o
d
i
f
ied
b
y
wate
r
m
ar
k
.
C
alcu
late
u
s
in
g
f
o
r
m
u
la
(
1
4
)
Step
5
:
T
ak
e
th
e
m
atr
ix
to
ex
t
r
ac
t th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
b
it
̂
(
)
.
Step
6
:
Ap
p
ly
th
e
C
S r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
̂
(
)
.
Step
7
:
T
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
co
n
v
er
tin
g
b
it
s
f
r
o
m
o
n
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
to
two
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
in
p
r
e
-
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
,
th
en
g
et
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
̂
(
)
.
Step
8
: Per
f
o
r
m
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
B
it E
r
r
o
r
R
ate
(
B
E
R
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
R
o
b
u
s
t a
u
d
io
w
a
terma
r
kin
g
b
a
s
ed
o
n
tr
a
n
s
fo
r
m
d
o
ma
i
n
a
n
d
S
V
D
w
it
h
....
(
Led
ya
N
o
va
miz
a
n
ti)
1085
4.
RE
SU
L
T
AND
ANA
L
YS
I
S
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
C
S
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
o
n
wate
r
m
ar
k
,
au
d
i
o
wate
r
m
ar
k
i
n
g
s
ch
em
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ef
o
r
e
an
d
af
ter
attac
k
s
,
an
d
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
with
an
o
th
er
r
esear
ch
es.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
B
E
R
,
SNR
an
d
ODG
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
s
im
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
au
d
io
f
iles
u
s
ed
in
th
is
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
*
.
wav
f
iles
with
a
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
4
4
1
0
0
Hz
an
d
s
ter
e
o
s
o
u
n
d
ch
an
n
els.
T
h
e
au
d
io
u
s
ed
is
p
i
an
o
,
g
u
ita
r
,
b
ass
,
d
r
u
m
s
a
n
d
co
n
v
er
s
atio
n
al
s
o
u
n
d
s
ac
co
m
p
an
ied
b
y
a
litt
le
m
u
s
ic.
4
.
1
.
CS
perf
o
r
m
a
nce
on
w
a
t
er
m
a
r
k
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
test
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
wate
r
m
ar
k
s
i
d
es
an
d
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
atio
s
.
T
h
en
th
e
b
est
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
atio
ch
o
s
en
to
b
e
u
s
e
d
in
th
e
n
e
x
t
test
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
a
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
a
b
in
ar
y
im
ag
e
with
a
s
ize
o
f
1
0
×
1
0
p
ix
els.
Fig
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
ws
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
im
ag
e
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
ab
le
1
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
C
S testi
n
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
W
ater
m
ar
k
im
ag
e
B
ased
o
n
T
ab
le
1
,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
atio
,
t
h
e
f
aster
th
e
tim
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
.
B
ased
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
th
e
h
ig
h
e
r
th
e
p
ix
el
v
alu
e,
th
e
b
etter
th
e
im
a
g
e
q
u
ality
will
b
e.
I
f
th
e
p
i
x
el
v
alu
e
is
lar
g
e
an
d
co
m
p
r
ess
ed
with
a
s
m
all
b
it
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
atio
,
th
en
th
e
em
b
ed
d
e
d
wate
r
m
ar
k
will
b
e
g
r
ea
ter
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
3
2
-
b
it
s
id
e
an
d
0
.
0
3
c
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
ati
o
ar
e
u
s
ed
,
s
o
th
at
th
e
wate
r
m
a
r
k
e
n
ter
ed
is
s
m
aller
,
s
o
th
e
tim
e
tak
en
is
s
m
aller
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
it
an
d
p
ix
el
c
o
m
p
r
ess
io
n
r
a
tio
u
s
ed
,
th
e
b
etter
th
e
q
u
ali
ty
o
f
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
wate
r
m
ar
k
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
s
r
esu
lt
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
atio
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
W
ater
m
ar
k
im
ag
e
w
ith
r
atio
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
0
.
0
2
5
to
0
.
0
3
T
ab
le
1
.
C
S p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
32
p
ix
el
B
i
t
R
a
t
i
o
C
o
m
p
r
e
ssi
o
n
C
o
m
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
r
a
t
i
o
El
a
p
se
d
t
i
m
e
(
s)
0
.
0
2
5
7
5
%
19
.
3
4
9
7
0
3
0
.
0
2
6
8
7
.
5%
8
.
3
3
0
4
8
2
0
.
0
2
7
8
7
.
5%
8
.
8
1
5
9
0
5
0
.
0
2
8
8
7
.
5%
12
.
0
7
8
9
0
3
0
.
0
2
9
8
7
.
5
0
%
8
.
1
5
8
1
7
3
0
.
0
3
1
0
0
.
0
0
%
6
.
7
7
4
7
7
4
4
.
2
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
perf
o
r
m
a
nce
be
f
o
re
a
t
t
a
c
k
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
u
ch
as:
f
r
am
e
len
g
th
(
N
fr
a
me
)
,
q
u
an
tizatio
n
b
it
d
e
p
t
h
(
n
b
it
)
,
s
u
b
b
an
d
th
r
esh
o
ld
(
th
r
)
,
an
d
wav
elet
d
ec
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
lev
el
(
N
)
.
All
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
o
p
tim
ized
to
r
ea
ch
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
O
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
is
h
o
w
to
f
in
d
p
ar
am
eter
v
alu
es
wh
ich
y
iel
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il 2
0
2
0
:
1
0
7
9
-
1
0
8
8
1086
b
alan
ce
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
etwe
en
im
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
p
ar
am
et
er
(
SNR
/ODG)
,
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
p
ar
am
eter
(
B
E
R
)
,
an
d
wate
r
m
ar
k
p
ay
l
o
ad
o
r
ca
p
ac
ity
(
C
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
tr
a
d
e
-
o
f
f
b
etwe
en
SNR
,
C
an
d
B
E
R
with
v
ar
iab
le
s
am
p
le
n
u
m
b
er
p
er
f
r
a
m
e
(
N
fr
a
me
)
p
ar
am
eter
in
r
an
g
e
[
1
2
8
,
2
5
6
,
512,
1
0
2
4
]
.
SNR
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
with
y
-
ax
is
r
an
g
e
6
2
-
8
0
DB
,
B
E
R
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
with
y
-
ax
is
r
a
n
g
e
0
-
0
.
3
,
a
n
d
p
a
y
lo
ad
is
d
is
p
lay
e
d
with
y
-
ax
is
r
an
g
e
0
-
3
5
0
b
p
s
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
s
h
o
ws
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
th
at
wh
en
SNR
is
g
ett
in
g
b
etter
o
r
h
ig
h
er
,
th
e
n
B
E
R
i
s
g
ettin
g
wo
r
s
e
o
r
h
ig
h
er
,
an
d
th
e
p
ay
lo
a
d
is
g
ettin
g
wo
r
s
e
also
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
o
p
tim
ized
p
ar
am
eter
s
an
d
th
e
o
p
tim
al
p
ar
am
eter
s
as th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
esu
lt
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
m
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
,
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
p
ay
lo
ad
p
ar
am
eter
t
r
ad
e
-
o
f
f
T
ab
le
2
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
esu
lt o
f
o
p
tim
al
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
N
N
f
r
a
m
e
N
b
i
t
T
h
r
ODG
S
N
R
B
ER
C
R
a
n
g
e
1
-
4
1
2
8
-
1
0
2
4
1
-
10
0
.
9
,
0
.
1
,
0
.
0
0
0
0
1
O
p
t
i
mal
P
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
1
2
5
6
2
0
.
9
-
0
.
0
4
9
8
5
3
.
8
1
7
1
0
1
7
2
.
2
6
4
.
3
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
s
y
s
t
em
a
f
t
er
a
t
t
a
c
k
s
T
h
er
e
ar
e
5
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
g
en
r
e
o
f
s
o
n
g
s
th
at
test
ed
with
f
iv
e
attac
k
s
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
to
o
b
tain
B
E
R
,
SNR
,
ODG
an
d
C
with
all
p
ar
am
eter
s
t
h
at
ar
e
ch
an
g
ed
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
wh
e
n
g
ettin
g
th
e
h
ig
h
est
SNR
,
th
e
l
o
west
B
E
R
,
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
ay
lo
ad
.
T
h
is
o
p
tim
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
s
a
m
an
d
ato
r
y
s
tep
to
d
o
in
a
n
au
d
io
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
im
p
e
r
ce
p
ti
b
ilit
y
,
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
,
an
d
wate
r
m
ar
k
ar
e
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tly
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
ea
ch
o
th
e
r
.
W
e
u
s
u
ally
ca
ll
it
a
s
a
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
.
I
f
th
e
im
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
p
ar
am
e
ter
is
g
ettin
g
b
etter
,
th
en
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
p
ar
am
ete
r
an
d
ca
p
ac
ity
is
ev
e
n
wo
r
s
e,
a
n
d
th
is
a
p
p
lies
o
t
h
er
wis
e.
T
ab
le
3
is
t
h
e
a
v
er
ag
e
y
ield
r
esis
tan
ce
(
B
E
R
)
o
f
th
e
b
est
p
ar
am
eter
test
u
s
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
attac
k
s
.
T
ab
le
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
s
y
s
tem
af
ter
b
ein
g
g
iv
en
attac
k
u
s
in
g
th
e
o
p
tim
al
p
ar
am
e
ter
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
a
b
le
4
also
d
is
p
lay
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
.
B
alan
ce
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
n
s
th
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
an
au
d
i
o
wa
ter
m
ar
k
in
g
,
s
u
ch
as
SNR
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
2
0
d
B
,
OD
G
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
m
o
r
e
th
an
-
1
,
B
E
R
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
less
t
h
an
2
0
%,
a
n
d
wate
r
m
ar
k
p
ay
l
o
ad
ca
n
b
e
ad
ju
s
ted
to
as
h
ig
h
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
wh
en
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
R
o
b
u
s
t a
u
d
io
w
a
terma
r
kin
g
b
a
s
ed
o
n
tr
a
n
s
fo
r
m
d
o
ma
i
n
a
n
d
S
V
D
w
it
h
....
(
Led
ya
N
o
va
miz
a
n
ti)
1087
T
ab
le
3
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
y
s
tem
af
ter
a
ttack
s
A
t
t
a
c
k
s
Fs
B
ER
(
A
f
t
e
r
)
W
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
A
t
t
a
c
k
s
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p
e
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d
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ER
(
A
f
t
e
r
)
W
a
t
e
r
m
a
r
k
LPF
3
0
0
0
0
S
p
e
e
d
C
h
a
n
g
e
1%
0
6
0
0
0
0
5%
0
9
0
0
0
0
1
0
%
0
B
P
F
1
0
0
-
6k
0
.
5
P
i
t
c
h
S
h
i
f
t
i
n
g
1%
0
.
4
7
50
-
6k
0
.
4
4
2%
0
.
4
7
25
-
6k
0
.
2
8
4%
0
.
4
7
R
e
sa
mp
l
i
n
g
1
1
0
2
5
0
N
o
i
se
5
d
B
0
.
5
1
6
0
0
0
0
1
0
d
B
0
.
5
2
2
0
5
0
0
2
0
d
B
0
.
5
M
P
3
C
o
m
p
r
e
ssi
o
n
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2
k
0
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4
9
D
e
l
a
y
1
0
S
a
m
p
l
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0
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1
2
6
4
k
0
.
4
8
1
0
0
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a
mp
l
e
0
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5
1
2
8
k
0
.
4
6
1
0
0
0
S
a
mp
l
e
0
.
5
2
1
9
2
k
0
.
1
5
1
0
0
0
0
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a
mp
l
e
0
.
4
8
Ti
me
S
c
a
l
e
1%
0
.
1
5
Eq
u
a
l
i
z
e
r
0
.
4
6
2%
0
.
3
6
Ec
h
o
0
.
4
4%
0
.
2
5
T
ab
le
4
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
R
e
f
.
R
o
b
u
st
n
e
ss
/
B
ER
(
%)
I
mp
e
r
c
e
p
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
/
S
N
R
C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
(
b
p
s)
LPF
6
k
LPF
9
k
R
e
sa
mp
l
i
n
g
1
6
k
H
z
R
e
sa
mp
l
i
n
g
2
2
k
H
z
[
16
]
NA
9
(
1
2
k
)
3
.
9
7
6
(
2
4
k
)
20
9
3
.
7
5
[
25
]
6
NA
NA
0
3
3
.
4
7
1
7
2
.
4
[
26
]
0
-
6
0
-
14
0
-
14
0
-
14
9
-
26
6
1
5
.
2
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
0
0
0
0
9
-
2
8
d
B
1
7
2
.
2
6
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
SVD
b
ased
r
o
b
u
s
t
au
d
io
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
with
co
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
n
th
e
wat
er
m
ar
k
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
I
n
th
is
s
ch
e
m
e,
co
m
p
r
ess
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
is
u
s
ed
to
co
m
p
r
ess
th
e
wate
r
m
ar
k
s
o
t
h
at
m
o
r
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
in
s
er
ted
i
n
to
th
e
au
d
io
h
o
s
t.
SVD
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
ab
le
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
ig
h
r
esil
ien
ce
with
B
E
R
0
an
d
ca
p
ac
ity
1
2
7
.
2
6
.
T
h
e
b
est
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
f
o
r
th
is
wo
r
k
ar
e
2
5
6
f
r
am
e
len
g
th
,
2
q
u
an
tizatio
n
b
its
,
an
d
1
6
b
it
d
e
p
th
,
0
.
0
0
3
alf
a,
th
r
es
h
o
ld
0
.
9
,
an
d
wav
elet
lev
el
i
s
1
.
T
h
e
a
u
d
io
wate
r
m
ar
k
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
is
h
ig
ly
r
o
b
u
s
t a
g
ain
ts
L
PF
,
r
esam
p
lin
g
,
an
d
li
n
ea
r
s
p
ee
d
c
h
an
g
e
attac
k
s
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
I.
Iwu
t
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Op
t
imiz
a
ti
o
n
Of
Disc
re
te
Co
sin
e
Tran
sfo
rm
-
Ba
se
d
Im
a
g
e
Wate
rm
a
rk
in
g
b
y
G
e
n
e
ti
c
s
Alg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
9
1
-
1
0
3
,
Oc
t
o
b
e
r
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
C.
Xu
e
so
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
Du
a
l
Dig
it
a
l
Au
d
io
Wate
rm
a
rk
in
g
Alg
o
rit
h
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
LW
T,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
2
0
1
2
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t,
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
p
p
.
7
2
1
-
7
2
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
]
P
.
K.
D
h
a
r
a
n
d
T.
S
h
im
a
m
u
ra
,
“
A
Bli
n
d
L
WT
-
Ba
se
d
Au
d
io
Wate
rm
a
rk
in
g
Us
in
g
F
a
st
Wa
lsh
Ha
d
a
m
a
rd
Tran
sfo
rm
a
n
d
S
i
n
g
u
lar
Va
lu
e
De
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
,
”
2
0
1
4
IE
EE
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
Circ
u
it
s
a
n
d
S
y
st
em
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il 2
0
2
0
:
1
0
7
9
-
1
0
8
8
1088
(IS
CAS
)
,
p
p
.
1
2
5
-
1
2
8
,
2
0
1
4
.
[4
]
G
.
Zen
g
a
n
d
Z.
Qiu
,
“
Au
d
io
wa
t
e
rm
a
rk
in
g
in
DCT:
Emb
e
d
d
i
n
g
st
ra
teg
y
a
n
d
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
In
t
e
rn
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
on
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
(
ICS
P
)
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
3
-
2
1
9
6
,
2
0
0
8
.
[5
]
R.
Wan
g
a
n
d
P
.
Ch
a
i,
“
A
n
e
w
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
a
u
d
i
o
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
c
o
p
y
ri
g
h
t
p
r
o
tec
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Na
t
u
ra
l
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
Kn
o
wled
g
e
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
p
p
.
2
8
1
-
2
8
6
,
2
0
0
3
.
[6
]
M
.
A.
M
.
El
-
Be
n
d
a
ry
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
f
o
r
imp
r
o
v
in
g
Blu
e
to
o
th
n
e
two
r
k
s
se
c
u
rit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
S
VD
a
u
d
io
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
,
”
6
th
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
o
f
E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
o
f
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
(
S
ET
I
T
)
,
p
p
.
5
9
4
-
5
9
8
,
2
0
1
2
.
[7
]
J.
Li
a
n
d
T
.
W
u
,
“
Ro
b
u
st
a
u
d
i
o
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
sc
h
e
m
e
v
ia
QIM
o
f
c
o
rre
lati
o
n
c
o
e
fficie
n
ts
u
sin
g
LW
T
a
n
d
QR
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
,
”
2
0
1
5
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
v
e
a
n
d
Cy
b
e
rn
e
ti
c
s
fo
r
C
o
mp
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Soc
ia
l
S
y
st
e
m
ICCS
S
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
J.
M
.
G
u
o
a
n
d
H.
P
ra
s
e
ty
o
,
“
S
e
c
u
rit
y
a
tt
a
c
k
o
n
th
e
wa
v
e
let
tran
sfo
rm
a
n
d
sin
g
u
lar
v
a
lu
e
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
ima
g
e
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
,
”
2
0
1
3
IEE
E
17
th
I
n
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
C
o
n
s
u
me
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
(I
S
CE)
,
p
p
.
2
1
7
-
2
1
8
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
C.
C.
Lai
,
“
A
d
ig
it
a
l
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
sc
h
e
m
e
b
a
se
d
o
n
si
n
g
u
lar
v
a
l
u
e
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
a
n
d
ti
n
y
g
e
n
e
t
ic
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
Dig
it
a
l
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
2
2
-
5
2
7
,
Ju
l
y
2
0
1
1
.
[1
0
]
H.
Oz
e
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
An
S
VD
-
b
a
se
d
a
u
d
i
o
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,
”
in
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
7
th
Wo
rk
sh
o
p
on
M
u
lt
ime
d
i
a
a
n
d
S
e
c
u
rity
,
p
p
.
5
1
-
5
6
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
1
]
V.
Bh
a
t
K.
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
An
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
a
u
d
i
o
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
b
a
se
d
o
n
t
h
e
sin
g
u
lar
v
a
lu
e
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
in
t
h
e
wa
v
e
let
d
o
m
a
in
,”
Di
g
it
a
l
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
5
4
7
-
1
5
5
8
,
De
c
2
0
1
0
.
[1
2
]
F
.
E
.
A.
E
l
-
S
a
m
ie,
“
An
e
ffici
e
n
t
si
n
g
u
lar
v
a
lu
e
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
fo
r
d
ig
i
tal
a
u
d
i
o
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
,
”
In
t
e
rn
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
p
e
e
c
h
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
ogy
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
7
-
4
5
,
M
a
r
ch
2
0
0
9
.
[1
3
]
W.
Al
-
Nu
a
imy
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
An
S
V
D
a
u
d
io
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
u
sin
g
c
h
o
ti
c
e
n
c
ry
p
ted
ima
g
e
s,
”
Dig
it
a
l
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
s
sin
g
.
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
7
6
4
-
7
7
9
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
1
.
[1
4
]
N
.
V.
Lali
th
a
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
DCT
a
n
d
DW
T
a
u
d
io
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
b
a
se
d
o
n
S
VD
,
”
2
0
1
6
In
t
e
rn
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Circ
u
it
,
P
o
we
r
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
i
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(
ICCPCT
)
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
5
]
B.
Y.
Lei,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ro
b
u
st
S
VD
-
b
a
se
d
a
u
d
io
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
sc
h
e
m
e
with
d
iffere
n
ti
a
l
e
v
o
l
u
ti
o
n
o
p
t
imiz
a
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Au
d
i
o
,
S
p
e
e
c
h
,
a
n
d
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l.
2
1
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
2
3
6
8
-
2
3
7
8
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
6
]
M.
J.
Hw
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
S
VD
Ba
se
d
Ad
a
p
ti
v
e
QIM
Wate
rm
a
rk
in
g
o
n
S
tere
o
Au
d
io
S
i
g
n
a
ls,”
IE
EE
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
o
n
M
u
lt
ime
d
ia
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
45
-
54
,
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
8
.
[1
7
]
R.
Zez
u
la
a
n
d
J.
M
is
u
re
c
,
“
A
u
d
i
o
d
i
g
it
a
l
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
S
VD
in
M
CL
T
d
o
m
a
in
,
”
3
rd
In
t
e
rn
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
y
st
em
(
ICONS
2
0
0
8
)
,
p
p
.
1
4
0
-
1
4
3
,
Ap
r
il
2
0
0
8
.
[1
8
]
I.
Na
tg
u
n
a
n
a
t
h
a
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Ro
b
u
st
p
a
tch
wo
r
k
-
b
a
se
d
e
m
b
e
d
d
i
n
g
a
n
d
d
e
c
o
d
in
g
sc
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
d
i
g
it
a
l
a
u
d
i
o
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
o
n
A
u
d
i
o
,
S
p
e
e
c
h
a
n
d
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
2
2
3
2
-
2
2
3
9
,
Oc
t
o
b
e
r
2
0
1
2
.
[1
9
]
R.
Li
u
a
n
d
T
.
Tan
,
“
An
S
VD
-
Ba
se
d
Wate
rm
a
rk
in
g
S
c
h
e
m
e
fo
r
P
ro
t
e
c
ti
n
g
Rig
h
tf
u
l
Ow
n
e
rsh
ip
,
”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
on
M
u
l
ti
me
d
ia
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
-
1
2
8
,
M
a
r
ch
2
0
0
2
.
[2
0
]
C.
V.
Na
ra
sim
h
u
lu
a
n
d
K.
S
.
P
r
a
sa
d
,
“
A
h
y
b
r
id
wa
term
a
rk
in
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
u
sin
g
c
o
n
to
u
rlet
tra
n
sfo
r
m
a
n
d
sin
g
u
lar
v
a
lu
e
d
e
c
o
m
p
o
si
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
S
e
c
u
rity
(IJ
CS
NS
)
,
vol
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
2
-
1
7
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
2
0
1
0
.
[2
1
]
A.
A.
H.
K.
Ba
sh
a
n
d
S
.
K.
Ka
y
h
a
n
,
“
Wate
rm
a
rk
e
d
Co
m
p
re
ss
iv
e
S
e
n
si
n
g
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts
Re
c
o
n
stru
c
ted
b
y
th
e
G
re
e
d
y
Alg
o
ri
th
m
s,”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Co
mp
u
ter
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
1
9
-
2
2
2
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
5
.
[2
2
]
Y.
Zh
a
n
g
,
“
Th
e
o
r
y
o
f
Co
m
p
re
ss
i
v
e
S
e
n
si
n
g
v
ia
ℓ1
-
M
in
imiz
a
ti
o
n
:
A
No
n
-
RI
P
An
a
l
y
sis
a
n
d
Ex
ten
si
o
n
s,”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
th
e
Op
e
r
a
ti
o
n
s
Res
e
a
rc
h
S
o
c
iety
o
f
Ch
in
a
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
9
-
1
0
5
,
M
a
r
ch
2
0
1
3
.
[2
3
]
Q
.
Li
a
n
d
I
.
J.
Co
x
,
“
Us
in
g
P
e
rc
e
p
tu
a
l
M
o
d
e
ls
To
Im
p
ro
v
e
F
i
d
e
li
t
y
An
d
P
r
o
v
i
d
e
In
v
a
rian
c
e
To
Va
lu
m
e
tri
c
S
c
a
li
n
g
F
o
r
Q
u
a
n
ti
z
a
ti
o
n
I
n
d
e
x
M
o
d
u
lat
io
n
Wate
rm
a
rk
in
g
,
”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Aco
u
st
i
c
s,
S
p
e
e
c
h
,
a
n
d
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
2
0
0
5
.
[2
4
]
R.
Li
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
S
p
re
a
d
S
p
e
c
tru
m
Au
d
i
o
Wate
rm
a
rk
i
n
g
Ba
se
d
o
n
P
e
rc
e
p
tu
a
l
Ch
a
ra
c
teristic
Aw
a
re
Ex
trac
ti
o
n
,
”
IET
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
6
6
-
2
7
3
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
6
.
[2
5
]
P
.
K.
D
h
a
r
a
n
d
T.
S
h
ima
m
u
ra
,
“
Bli
n
d
Au
d
io
Wate
rm
a
rk
in
g
in
Tran
sfo
rm
Do
m
a
in
Ba
se
d
o
n
S
in
g
u
lar
Va
lu
e
De
c
o
m
p
o
siti
o
n
a
n
d
E
x
p
o
n
e
n
t
ial
-
Lo
g
O
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
s,”
Ra
d
io
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
2
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
5
5
2
-
5
6
1
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
7
.
[2
6
]
I.
D.
Ira
wa
ti
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
QR
-
b
a
se
d
W
a
ter
ma
rk
in
g
i
n
Au
d
i
o
S
u
b
b
a
n
d
Us
in
g
DCT,
”
2
0
1
8
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
n
tro
l,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
Ren
e
w
a
b
le
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
(IC
CER
EC)
,
p
p
.
1
3
6
-
1
4
1
,
2
0
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