TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol.13, No
.2, June 20
15
, pp. 502 ~ 5
0
9
ISSN: 1693-6
930,
accredited
A
by DIKTI, De
cree No: 58/DIK
T
I/Kep/2013
DOI
:
10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v13i2.1469
502
Re
cei
v
ed
Jan
uary 26, 201
5
;
Revi
sed Ma
rch 2
7
, 2015;
Acce
pted April 20, 2015
Unambiguous Sine-Phased BOC (kn,n) Signal
Acquisition Based on Combined Correlation Functions
Deng Zh
ongl
iang
1
, Xi Yue
*
2
, Yin Lu
3
Beiji
ng U
n
ivers
i
t
y
of Posts an
d T
e
lecommun
i
catio
n
s, Chin
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
:
d
engz
hl@
b
u
p
t.edu.cn
1
, xi
yu
e04
30@
gmai
l.com
2
, inlu_m
ail
@
16
3.com
3
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Galile
o
and
GPS hav
e b
een
deve
l
o
p
in
g th
eir n
e
w
sign
al
s in rec
ent y
e
ars. Multip
lexe
d Bin
a
r
y
Offset Carrier (MBOC) is the final
im
plem
entation
of Ga
lileo E1 and GPS L1C, whic
h is the multiplexing
of
BOC (1,1) and
BOC (6,1). Therefor
e,
it is hel
pful to satis
f
y the de
man
d
that the new
sign
als
must b
e
compati
b
le w
i
t
h
GPS BPSK sign
al. BOC (kn,
n) mod
u
la
ti
on w
ill
provi
de bet
ter
track
perfor
m
a
n
ce and hi
g
her
positi
oni
ng acc
u
racy. How
e
ve
r, the ma
in dr
a
w
back of the B
O
C mo
dul
ated
sign
al is th
at its autocorr
e
lati
o
n
has multi
p
le si
de pe
aks aro
u
nd the
mai
n
p
eak. This
pap
e
r
w
ill focus on a fami
ly of sig
nals: sin
e
-ph
a
s
ed
BOC (kn,n). W
e
are trying
to explore
a
new
me
tho
d
to cancel th
e side p
eaks
of BOC (kn,n)
autocorr
e
lati
on
, mak
i
n
g
us
e
of tw
o kinds
of
correl
a
tio
n
fu
nctions. On
e
i
s
the c
o
rrel
a
tio
n
of th
e i
n
co
min
g
sign
al an
d the
sine-p
hase
d
BOC (kn,n) modu
late
d
sprea
d
in
g code(P
R
N code
multi
p
l
i
ed by su
bcarri
er),
and
the
oth
e
r i
s
the c
o
rre
latio
n
of t
he
inc
o
ming
sig
n
a
l
a
n
d
the PR
N c
ode
on
ly. T
w
o kin
d
s of c
o
rre
latio
n
function
are
se
parate
d
i
n
to s
e
vera
l su
b-corr
elati
ons
. Su
b-c
o
rrelati
ons
hav
e less
sid
e
pe
aks w
h
ich
are
in
different co
de
del
ays. Corres
pon
din
g
p
a
rts of tw
o sub-
cor
r
elati
ons w
ill
b
e
co
mbi
n
e
d
to
cance
l
the si
de
peaks se
parat
ely, and fin
a
lly
the new
functio
n
w
i
thout side
peaks w
ill b
e
a
c
quir
ed after severa
l correl
a
ti
ons
add
ed to
geth
e
r
.
Simulati
on
re
sults w
ill
be
giv
en. It is s
how
n that
the pro
pos
ed method
is c
ontrib
u
ted t
o
th
e
side p
eaks ca
n
c
ellati
on for u
n
a
mbi
guo
us sin
e
-ph
a
sed BOC
(kn, n) signal
acqu
isitio
n.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
Si
ne-Ph
ase
d
BOC (kn,n) Sign
al
, Unambi
guo
us
Acquisiti
on, C
o
mbi
ned C
o
rre
latio
n
F
unctio
n
s
1. Introduc
tion
Galileo
an
d
GPS have
b
een
develo
p
i
ng thei
r
ne
w
sign
als in
re
cent yea
r
s. In
the
ne
w
gene
ration
of Global
Navi
gation Satellit
e Systems
(G
NSSs), Mul
t
iplexed Bina
ry Offset Ca
rrier
(MBOC) modulation
i
s
recommended
for the GPS
L1C
signal
and t
he Galileo E1
OS signal
[1].
The MBO
C
modulatio
n pl
ace
s
a
small
amount of
ad
ditional po
we
r at high freq
uen
cie
s
in order
to improve
si
gnal tra
c
king
perfo
rman
ce,
which is
the
multiplexing
of BOC (1,1
)
and BO
C (6,
1
).
The Bina
ry O
ffset Ca
rrie
r
(BOC)
mod
u
la
tion ca
n split spe
c
tru
m
into
two mai
n
lob
e
s
shifted fro
m
the ce
nter freque
ncy by
the frequ
en
cy of t
he sub
c
arrie
r
. The
comm
on n
o
tation for BO
C-
modulate
d
si
gnal
s in the
GNSS field is BOC (
s
f
,
c
f
) whe
r
e
s
f
is the freq
u
ency of the sub-ca
rrie
r
,
and
c
f
r
e
p
r
es
en
ts
th
e
s
p
r
ead
in
g
c
o
de
c
h
ip
r
a
te
. Bo
th
s
f
a
nd
c
f
are usuall
y
noted
a
s
a multiple
of
the referen
c
e
frequen
cy of 1.023
MHz. Therefore, B
O
C-mod
u
late
d sign
als a
r
e
also note
d
as
BOC (m,n
), whe
r
e m me
ans the ratio
of the sub-carri
er freq
ue
ncy
s
f
to 1.023 MHz an
d n
rep
r
e
s
ent
s the ratio of the spreadi
ng co
de rate
c
f
to 1.023 MHz.
With the pro
perty of splitting sp
ectrum
, BO
C modul
ation ca
n red
u
ce
the intra-syste
m
interferen
ce and
imp
r
ove cod
e
del
ay tracking.
Neve
rthele
ss, BO
C-
m
odul
ated
sign
al will l
e
a
d
to
a main drawback that is the aut
ocorrelat
i
on function has multiple
si
de-peaks, which will probabl
y
result in po
ssible fal
s
e
a
c
qui
sition. S
e
veral
te
chni
que
s have
b
een p
r
op
ose
d
in the literature
[2],[3].
The Sub
Ca
rrie
r
Pha
s
e
Can
c
ell
a
tion
(SCPC) met
hod g
ene
rat
e
s a
n
in ph
ase
and
quad
ratu
re sub ca
rrie
r
sig
nals, getting
rid
of
th
e
sub
carrie
r. Th
ere
f
ore, thi
s
m
e
thod
dou
ble
s
t
he
numbe
r of co
rrel
a
tors be
ca
use it is ne
ce
ssary for two
cha
nnel
s wipi
ng off the carrier to gen
era
t
e
two kinds of
sub carr
ier signal.
The BPSK-like
m
e
thod rece
iv
es upper sid
eband or lower
side
ban
d wit
h
lo
cal
ca
rrie
r
fre
quen
cy p
l
us
a sub
c
a
r
rier freque
ncy
or mi
nu
s o
n
e
. If only sin
g
le
sideband i
s
received, it
will br
i
ng
som
e
power loss. But the
process of
both sidebands
will
con
s
um
e mo
re correlato
r
s
[4]. AsPeCT
method
co
mb
ines two
kin
d
s
of
auto
c
orrelation fun
c
ti
ons
to formul
ate
a ne
w
one. A
fter that, the
new aut
o
c
o
r
relation fu
ncti
on
still ha
s
small si
de
pea
ks.
Also, it is only dedicated to sin-B
O
C
(n,n) signal
s [5],[6].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Unam
biguous Sine-Phased BOC (kn,n) Signal
Acquisition Based on .... (Deng Zhongli
ang)
503
In this pape
r,
we will focu
s on the a
c
q
u
isition of th
e sine
-ph
a
se
d
BO
C
(k
n,
n)
signal
s,
whe
r
e k is th
e ratio of the sub-ca
rri
er frequ
en
cy
s
f
to
the sprea
d
in
g code rate
c
f
.
At firs
t, the
sign
al mod
e
l
will be
give
n. Then, two
kind
s of
co
rrelation
fu
nct
i
ons are obt
ained whi
c
h are
comp
osed of
sub
-
correlati
ons. Side p
e
a
ks of
auto correlation
fun
c
tion
will be sho
w
n.
Th
ro
ugh
combi
n
ing of different sub-correl
ations,
we will
have new correlati
on
with
out si
de-peaks. Fi
nally,
theoreti
c
al re
sults
will be g
i
ven.
2. Signal
Mode
l
The g
ene
ric
Binary Code
d Symbols (BCS) ([
12
,,
.
.
.
n
ss
s
],
c
f
) b
a
seb
and
sig
n
a
l
can
be
expre
s
sed a
s
[5]
1
/
0
()
(
1
)
(
)
i
c
n
s
c
BC
S
T
n
i
iT
st
pt
n
(1)
whe
r
e
{1
,
1
}
i
s
Î-
is the
i
th chi
p
of the
binary
seq
u
e
n
ce [
12
,,
.
.
.
n
ss
s
],
c
T
is the PRN
code
chip
perio
d,
/
()
c
Tn
pt
is a u
n
it rectan
gula
r
sub
-
carrie
r pulse wavefo
rm over [0,
/
c
Tn
).
Sin-ph
ased
BOC b
a
seb
and
sign
al i
s
a
sp
eci
a
l
ca
se
of (BCS)
sign
al
with a
rep
r
e
s
entatio
n vecto
r
form
ed by
+1’
s
a
nd -1’s
alte
rn
ating in
a pa
rticular defin
e
d
way. Th
e
si
ne
-
pha
sed
BO
C
(k
n,
n)
ba
se
band
sign
al can be expressed a
s
21
0
()
(
1
)
(
)
s
k
u
Tc
s
u
s
tp
t
i
T
u
T
-
=
=-
-
-
å
(2)
Whe
r
e
s
T
is the
sub
-
carrier
pulse duratio
n of
/
2
=
1
/
(
2
1.023
)
c
Tk
k
n
M
H
z
´
,
()
s
T
pt
is the
unit re
ctangu
lar sub-ca
rri
e
r
pul
se wave
form over
[0
,
s
T
).
The full e
x
pressio
n
of sine
-ph
a
sed
BO
C
(k
n,
n)
signal will contain the
spreading
code and the nav
igation data, whi
c
h is
()
(
)
(
)
()
sin
BO
C
c
c
i
s
tP
c
t
i
T
d
t
i
T
s
t
¥
=-
¥
=-
-
å
(3)
Wh
ere
()
ct
is the
sp
re
ad
in
g
cod
e
and
()
dt
is th
e na
viga
t
i
on
d
a
t
a
.
Fo
r
th
e pu
rp
ose of
fo
cu
sin
g
o
n
t
h
e
am
big
u
o
u
s
ac
qui
siti
on
of
sin
()
BO
C
s
t
sign
al
,
w
e
ass
u
m
e
t
h
a
t
th
e n
a
vi
g
a
ti
o
n
d
a
t
a
is a
l
wa
ys
1
,
wh
ich
mea
n
s t
hat
we
choo
se
a
p
ilot
ch
anne
l fo
r
a
c
q
u
i
sit
i
on
a
nd f
u
rth
e
r
mo
re
we
als
o
d
on’
t co
nsi
der
t
h
e e
f
f
e
c
t
of
s
e
c
o
n
dar
y co
d
e
.
Duri
ng the process of acqui
si
ti
on, the spr
eading
code or
the sub-carri
er
will
be
wipe
d
o
f
f
.
Th
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
th
ere
a
r
e
two
kin
d
s of
aut
oco
rre
lat
i
on
fun
c
t
i
on
wh
ich d
epe
nd
s
on t
h
e
lo
ca
l
gene
rat
e
d
sign
a
l
.
One
is t
h
e
co
rre
l
a
t
io
n
of
th
e
sine
-ph
a
sed
BO
C
(
k
n,
n)
with
th
e
spr
e
a
d
i
n
g c
o
d
e
onl
y.
Th
e o
t
her i
s
t
h
e c
o
rrel
a
tio
n
of
th
e si
n
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
d
BO
C
(
k
n,
n)
with the
sp
re
ad
ing
co
de
an
d
sub
-
ca
rrie
r
both
.
W
i
th
out
con
s
id
ering
t
h
e
f
r
on
t
-
end
f
i
lte
r
ing
,
th
e
nor
mali
ze
d B
O
C
c
o
rrel
a
ti
on fu
nc
ti
on o
f
th
e
si
n
e
-
p
h
a
s
ed
BO
C
(
k
n,
n)
with th
e
s
p
re
a
d
in
g co
de
an
d
s
ub-
carri
er b
o
t
h
ca
n
b
e
ex
pr
ess
e
d as
:
0
/1
11
00
0
1
()
(
)
(
)
1
=
{
[
(
)
(
1
)
(
)
]
[
(
)
(
1
)
(
)]}
si
n
s
in
c
s
s
T
SC
B
O
C
B
O
C
TT
NN
ij
cT
c
s
c
T
c
s
mi
j
Rs
t
s
t
d
t
PT
P
c
mT
p
m
T
i
T
P
c
m
T
p
mT
j
T
PT
tt
tt
-
--
==
=
=+
--
´
+
-
+
-
ò
åå
å
(4
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 13, No. 2, June 20
15 : 502 – 50
9
504
/1
11
00
0
/1
11
00
0
11
00
1
{
(
)
(
)[
(
1
)
(
)
(
1
)
(
)]}
1
[(
1
)
(
)
(
1
)
(
)
]
(1
)
(
)
1
(1
)
c
ss
c
ss
s
TT
NN
ij
cc
T
c
s
T
c
s
mi
j
TT
NN
ij
Tc
s
T
c
s
mi
j
NN
ij
s
Ts
s
ij
c
ij
j
c
m
T
c
mT
p
m
T
i
T
p
mT
j
T
T
pm
T
i
T
p
m
T
j
T
T
T
jT
i
T
T
N
tt
t
t
-
--
==
=
-
--
==
=
--
+
==
+
=
=+
-
-
´
-
+
-
=-
-
´
-
+
-
=-
L
-
+
=-
åå
å
åå
å
åå
11
00
1
0
()
()
s
NN
Ts
s
i
N
i
SC
s
u
b
i
jT
i
T
R
t
t
--
=
-
=
L-
+
=
åå
å
Where
1,
()
0,
s
s
Ts
s
T
T
T
t
t
t
t
ì
ï
ï
-£
ï
ï
L=
í
ï
ï
ï
³
ï
î
(
5
)
is a
t
r
ia
ngu
lar f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
,
wh
ich
is
th
e co
rre
lat
i
on
fun
c
t
i
on
o
f
t
w
o re
ct
angu
la
r
p
u
l
se wa
ve
form,
a
nd
1
0
1
()
(
1
)
(
)
s
N
ii
j
SC
sub
T
s
s
j
Rj
T
i
T
N
tt
-
+
=
=-
L
-
+
å
(6)
is t
h
e
s
ub-
co
rrela
ti
on
f
u
nc
tio
n
of
t
h
e
si
ne-
p
h
a
s
e
d
BO
C
(
k
n,
n)
with
t
h
e s
p
r
e
adi
n
g
c
o
d
e
an
d s
ub-
ca
rri
er b
o
t
h
.
We ca
n se
e t
h
a
t
thi
s
su
b-c
o
rr
ela
t
i
on f
u
nc
ti
on
()
i
SCsub
Rt
is a c
o
m
b
in
a
t
ion
o
f
t
r
ian
g
u
l
ar fu
nct
i
on
s with
d
i
ffe
re
nt
ph
ases. An
d
()
SC
Rt
is th
e co
mb
in
at
io
n of
dif
f
er
e
n
t
()
i
SC
s
u
b
Rt
,
wh
ich is
t
he reason
o
f
the
amb
i
g
u
i
t
y
p
r
ob
lem.
Th
e s
e
c
o
n
d
kin
d
o
f
c
o
rr
el
ati
o
n f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
is t
h
e c
o
rr
e
l
ati
o
n f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e si
ne-
ph
as
e
d
BO
C
(
k
n,
n)
wit
h
the
sp
re
ad
ing
code o
n
l
y,
wh
ich ca
n
be
e
x
pre
s
sed
as (7) in
case
t
hat
t
he
f
r
on
t
-
end
f
ilterin
g is not
con
s
id
e
r
ed
.
0
/1
1
00
/1
11
00
0
/1
1
00
1
()
(
)
(
)
1
=
{
[
(
)
(
1
)
(
)
]
[
(
)]}
1
[(
)
(
)
(
1
)
(
)
(
)
]
1
[(
1
)
(
si
n
c
s
c
ss
c
s
T
CB
O
C
TT
N
i
cT
c
s
c
mi
TT
NN
i
cc
T
c
s
T
c
s
mi
j
TT
N
i
Tc
mi
Rs
t
c
t
d
t
PT
Pc
m
T
p
m
T
i
T
P
c
m
T
PT
cm
T
c
m
T
p
m
T
i
T
p
m
T
j
T
T
pm
T
T
tt
t
tt
-
-
==
-
--
==
=
-
-
==
=+
--
´
+
=+
-
-
´
+
-
=-
-
ò
åå
åå
å
åå
1
0
11
00
11
00
1
0
)(
)
]
(1
)
(
)
1
(1
)
(
)
()
s
s
s
N
sT
c
s
j
NN
i
s
Ts
s
ij
c
NN
i
Ts
s
ij
N
i
Cs
ub
i
iT
p
m
T
j
T
T
jT
iT
T
jT
iT
N
R
t
t
t
t
-
=
--
==
--
==
-
=
´+
-
=-
L
-
+
=-
L
-
+
=
å
åå
åå
å
(7)
Where
1
0
1
()
(
1
)
(
)
s
N
ii
Cs
u
b
T
s
s
j
Rj
T
i
T
N
tt
-
=
=-
L
-
+
å
(8)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Unam
biguous Sine-Phased BOC (kn,n) Signal
Acquisition Based on .... (Deng Zhongli
ang)
505
is t
h
e
se
co
nd
kind
of
sub
-
co
rre
l
at
ion f
u
n
c
t
i
on
,
wh
ich
is a
l
so
t
h
e
co
mb
ina
t
io
n
o
f
t
r
iangu
la
r
fu
nc
tio
n
s wi
t
h
di
ff
ere
n
t
p
h
a
s
e
s
. H
o
w
e
v
e
r, t
h
e f
a
c
t
or
of tri
a
ng
u
l
ar f
u
n
c
ti
on
s
in two ki
n
d
s
of
su
b-c
o
rr
ela
t
i
on
fu
nc
tio
n
i
s
dif
f
er
e
n
t
.
Two ki
n
d
s o
f
su
b-c
o
rr
ela
t
io
n f
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s
are s
h
ow
n
in
Figur
e
1.
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
.
Correlation
functi
ons and sub-
correlation
fu
nctions
3. Proposed
M
e
thod
From
Figu
re
1, we
can
se
e that th
e first kind
of
su
b-correl
ation fu
nction
is
com
posed
of
different si
de
pea
ks
both
above
zero a
nd belo
w
ze
ro. And the seco
nd
kind o
f
sub-co
rrelat
ion
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 13, No. 2, June 20
15 : 502 – 50
9
506
function i
s
th
e envelo
pe o
f
the first
kin
d
of sub-
co
rrelation fun
c
ti
on, eithe
r
ab
ove ze
ro
or
b
e
low
zer
o
.
Whe
n
i
is even, the seco
nd kin
d
o
f
sub-correl
ation is above
zero and wh
en
i
is odd, the
se
con
d
ki
nd
of sub
-
correl
ation is
belo
w
zero.
The
r
efore, the
se
con
d
ki
nd of
sub
-
correlati
o
n
function
can
be used to make th
e first kind of
sub
-
co
rrelation f
unctio
n
ha
s only side p
e
a
ks
above ze
ro. So we can g
e
t sub-co
rrel
ation func
tion
only with side peaks ab
ove zero expre
s
se
d
as
()
(
)
(
1
)
(
)
ii
i
i
SC
C
RR
R
tt
t
=+
-
(9)
Whe
n
=0
i
, the left-most
side
pea
k of su
b-correlatio
n
function i
s
at
=0
t
and with
i
increased
by 2, there
w
ill
be one more
side peak
at
0
t
<
and on
e le
ss si
de p
e
a
k
at
0
t
>
.
Finally, the ri
ght-mo
s
t si
de
pea
k of
com
b
ined
sub
-
correlation fu
ncti
on is at
=0
t
, when
=
iN
.
With
the increa
se
of
i
, the side
pea
ks of diffe
rent combin
e
d
sub
-
correl
a
t
ion function
move from th
e
right of X-axis to the left an
d are sym
m
et
ric ab
out Y-a
x
is, which ca
n be expre
ssed as
1
()
(
)
iN
i
RR
tt
--
=-
(10)
We
can just
make use of this propert
y
to
make
sure that all
of side peaks
will be
can
c
ell
ed through
combi
n
ation of them. At first, we combine
0
()
Rt
and
1
()
N
Rt
-
.
01
0
1
(
)
[
(
)
(
)
]
()
()
NN
co
m
RR
R
R
R
tt
t
t
t
--
=+
-
-
(11)
And then,
we
ca
n g
e
t the fi
nal
correl
ation fun
c
tion
by
combi
n
ing
()
co
m
Rt
with
the sum of
the combi
ned
sub-co
rrelati
on func
tio
n
s,
whi
c
h can be
expre
s
sed a
s
1
0
()
()
(
)
N
i
f
i
nal
c
o
m
i
RR
R
tt
t
-
=
=
å
(12)
4. Rec
e
iv
er
Str
u
ctur
e
Figure 2
sho
w
s th
e re
ceiv
er st
ru
cture
o
f
propo
se
d m
e
thod in thi
s
pape
r. The
RF sign
al
is first do
wn
-conve
r
ted to
IF sig
nal. Th
e
n
, the Doppl
e
r
fre
que
ncy i
s
wipe
d off by
the Lo
cal
Co
de
Gene
rato
r. The outp
u
t is
multiplied by
the loca
l PRN code. Th
ere will be t
w
o
cha
nnel to g
o
on
pro
c
e
ssi
ng th
e sig
nal. Th
e
aims
of the
two chan
nel
are to fo
rm
t
he
corr
el
ati
o
n o
f
t
h
e sin
e
-
ph
as
e
d
BO
C
(kn,
n
)
with
th
e s
p
re
a
d
i
n
g c
o
d
e
a
n
d
t
he
su
bc
arri
er
bo
th
a
nd
th
e
corr
ela
t
i
on
o
f
th
e
sine
-pha
sed
BO
C
(
k
n,
n)
with t
h
e s
p
re
a
d
i
ng
co
de
o
n
ly
.
In
one
cha
nnel,
the re
sult
will be
integrate
d
se
parately after multiplied by
N
different ph
ase
s
of local
sub
c
a
rri
er, which i
s
eithe
r
‘-
1’ or ‘
+
1’. All
of the integrated re
sult
wi
ll be summe
d
up an
d save
d as
one
of
i
SCs
u
b
R
. After the
total c
o
herent time
T
, there will be
/
c
TT
i
SCs
u
b
R
and the sum
of them will b
e
the final
i
SCs
u
b
R
.
Finally, we
wi
ll get
N
i
SCs
u
b
R
.
In the
other chan
nel
, the
sign
al
i
s
processe
d al
most th
e
sam
e
. The
only difference
between them i
s
that
signal in the latter
one
will not be m
u
ltiplied by l
o
cal
sub
c
a
rri
er an
d
N
of
i
Cs
ub
R
will be got. And finally
different
i
Cs
ub
R
and
i
SCs
u
b
R
will be
combi
ned to
form
the
f
i
nal
R
. We
can
see th
at the sub-co
rrel
a
tion
functi
on i
s
g
o
t one by on
e
seq
uentially. Therefore,
comp
ared wit
h
traditional
method, no m
o
re correlato
r
s are n
eed
ed
in each ch
an
nel.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Unam
biguous Sine-Phased BOC (kn,n) Signal
Acquisition Based on .... (Deng Zhongli
ang)
507
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
Receiv
er stru
ct
ure of
t
he pro
p
o
s
e
d
me
tho
d
It is sho
w
n th
at 2N of co
rre
l
ators
wo
rks
one by
one.
Only two of them are wo
rking at the
same
time. T
herefo
r
e,
we
can
ma
ke u
s
e of all of
the
m
to se
arch
different
cod
e
pha
se
s at t
h
e
same time. T
he archite
c
ht
ure is
sho
w
n
as follo
w.
1
0
1
i
i
1
0
1
i
i
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
Time d
i
v
i
s
i
on
re
ce
iver
arc
h
it
ec
htu
r
e of
pr
opo
s
e
d
met
h
od
Therefore,
several
co
rrel
a
tion re
sult
s
can
be g
o
t a
fter co
herent
time. In this way, a
faster acqui
si
tion will be accompli
shed.
5. Performan
c
e
Analy
s
is
5
.
1
.
Co
rr
elation
Function
s
For BO
C(6n,
n)
sign
als,
21
2
Nk
==
.
There will be
N
, that is 12
sub
-
correlation
function
s. Fig
u
re
4
sho
w
s t
he
sub
-
correl
ation fun
c
tion
s, combin
ed
correl
ation fu
nction
and
fin
a
l
correl
ation fu
nction.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 13, No. 2, June 20
15 : 502 – 50
9
508
F
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
C
o
rre
l
a
t
i
on
f
u
nc
ti
on
s
w
i
t
h
k=
6
5.2. Detec
t
io
n P
r
obabi
lity
The g
oal of t
he a
c
qui
sitio
n
process i
s
to det
e
c
t the
pre
s
en
ce
of t
he u
s
eful
sig
nal an
d
give a roug
h
estimate
of its mai
n
pa
ra
meters in
clud
ing code
dela
y
and
Dop
p
le
r fre
quen
cy.
The
theory of trad
itional acqui
si
tion method i
s
wid
e
ly
deve
l
oped a
nd the
expre
ssio
n
o
f
the correlat
or
outputs
can b
e
expre
s
sed
as
(,
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
,
)
2
(,
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
,
)
2
D
final
e
c
oh
I
D
D
final
e
c
oh
Q
D
A
I
FR
s
i
n
c
f
T
c
o
s
n
F
A
Q
F
R
s
inc
f
T
s
in
n
F
tt
f
t
tt
f
t
=+
=+
V
V
(
13)
Where
(,
)
D
IF
t
and
(,
)
D
QF
t
are
th
e co
rrelator output
s with certai
n
code
delay
and
Dop
p
ler frequ
ency,
A
P
=
is
th
e
re
c
e
ived
s
i
gn
al p
o
w
er
,
()
f
i
nal
Rt
is the final co
rrela
t
ion function,
e
f
V
is the
differe
nce
bet
ween
the re
al
Dop
p
ler f
r
equ
en
cy and the
lo
cal Do
pple
r
freque
ncy
D
F
,
f
is the e
r
ror
o
n
the ph
ase,
(,
)
I
D
nF
t
and
(,
)
QD
nF
t
are th
e i
n
-ph
a
se an
d
quad
ratu
re
correlator
output noi
se
s. It is also p
r
ov
ed that the noise
comin
g
from
two chann
els to g
enerate the sub-
correl
ation fu
nction
()
i
SC
Rt
and
()
i
C
Rt
is indep
end
ent
and e
a
ch of
them is th
e
Gau
ssi
an n
o
i
s
e
with a
certai
n varia
n
ce [7
-9]. Combini
n
g them
to fo
rmulate
(,
)
I
D
nF
t
and
(,
)
QD
nF
t
is a
no
n-
linear p
r
o
c
e
s
s, so it is difficult to
obtain
the mathemat
ical expressio
n
of
(,
)
I
D
nF
t
and
(,
)
QD
nF
t
.
In this pap
er, we ch
oo
se
Monte Carl
o (M
C)
simu
lation with 1
0
4
r
u
ns
to
sh
o
w
the
detection probability.
We a
s
sum
e
the follo
wing
para
m
eters:
1
coh
c
TL
T
m
s
==
,
10
23
L
=
, the co
de
search
step
is
s
T
an
d false
alarm i
s
10
-4
. Furthe
rmo
r
e,
we a
s
sume that Dop
p
ler freque
ncy is al
most zero.
At firs
t, we
compare the
BPSK-lik
e tec
hnique
and
the propos
ed method. As
s
h
own in
Figure 11, the proposed
method
performs better than the BPSK-
lik
e method when
C/N0 is
below 38 dB.
And the BPSK-like m
e
thod is a littl
e better than the proposed m
e
thod
when
C/N0
is between 3
9
dB and 42
dB.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Unam
biguous Sine-Phased BOC (kn,n) Signal
Acquisition Based on .... (Deng Zhongli
ang)
509
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
.
Co
mparison of
two methods
for BOC(2,1)
6. Conclu
sion
In
this
pa
per,
a method to accompli
sh
the side-p
e
a
ks can
c
ell
a
tion for unam
biguo
u
s
sine
-ph
a
sed BOC(kn,n
) si
gnal
a
c
q
u
isiti
on.
Firs
t, we
have intro
d
u
c
ed th
e si
gn
al model
of the
BOC (kn,n)
signal and two kind
s of co
rrel
a
tion f
unctions co
mpo
s
ed of several
sub-co
rrelati
on
function
s. Se
con
d
ly, the method i
s
p
r
opo
sed to
ca
ncel
all of the sid
e
-p
ea
ks in the traditi
onal
correl
ation fu
nction a
nd th
e final correl
ation func
tio
n
is formulate
d
. Then, the final correl
ation
function
s
with different
k
is shown. A time divi
sio
n
receive
r
archit
echtu
r
e i
s
propo
sed al
so
to
accompli
sh a
faster a
c
qui
sition. Finally
, detecti
on p
r
obability of different BOC
(kn,n)
sig
nal
s is
comp
ared by
the Mo
nte
Carlo
simul
a
tio
n
. The
propo
sed
metho
d
i
s
clea
rly ob
served to
re
m
o
ve
the side
-pe
a
ks co
mpletely for the sin
e
-ph
a
se
d BOC (kn,n) sig
nal.
Referen
ces
[1]
Samad MF
, L
oha
n ES.
MB
OC Performan
c
e in
Una
m
bi
g
uous Ac
qu
isiti
o
n
. CD
ROM Procee
din
g
s of
ENC-GNSS. 2009: 3-6.
[2]
Martin N, Lebl
ond V, Guill
ote
l
G, et al.
BOC (x, y) signal
acqu
isitio
n techni
ques a
nd p
e
rformanc
es
.
Procee
din
g
s of
the 16th I
n
ter
natio
nal T
e
chn
i
cal Me
et
in
g of
the Satel
lite
Divis
i
on
of T
h
e Institute of
Navig
a
tio
n
(ION GPS/GNSS
200
3). 200
1: 188-1
98.
[3]
Xi
ao
LZ
, Yong
G, Han CD. D
e
sig
n
on th
e T
i
medom
ain A
i
rb
orne El
ectrom
agn
etic W
eak
Sign
al D
a
ta
Acquis
i
tion S
ystem.
T
E
LKOMNIKA Indon
e
s
ian Jo
urn
a
l of
Electrical En
g
i
ne
erin
g
. 201
4; 12(1): 40
6-
414.
[4]
Heiri
e
s V, Rov
i
ras D, Ri
es L,
et al.
Acq
u
isiti
o
n Perfor
ma
nce
Analys
is
of C
a
ndi
date D
e
si
gn
s for the L
1
OS Optim
i
z
e
d
Signal.
Proce
e
d
in
gs of the 16
th Annu
al Inter
nat
io
nal T
e
chni
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