Ar
c
hitectural
design
of
IoT
-c
loud
computing
integration
platf
orm
Adhity
a
Bha
wiyuga
*1
,
Dan
y
Primanita
Kar
tikasari
2
,
Kasyful
Amr
on
3
,
Oc
ki
Ba
gus
Pratama
4
,
Moc
h.
Wildan
Habibi
5
F
aculty
of
Computer
Science
,
Br
a
wija
y
a
Univ
ersity
,
K
ota
Malang,
Indonesia
Abstract
An
integ
r
ation
betw
een
the
Inter
net
of
Things
(IoT)
and
cloud
computing
can
potentially
le
v
er
age
the
utilization
of
both
sides
.
As
the
IoT
based
system
is
mostly
composed
b
y
the
interconnection
of
per
v
asiv
e
and
constr
ained
de
vices
,
it
can
tak
e
a
benefit
of
vir
tually
unlimited
resources
of
cloud
entity
i.e
stor
age
and
com
putation
ser
vices
to
store
and
process
its
sensed
data.
On
the
other
hand,
the
cloud
computing
system
ma
y
get
benefit
from
IoT
b
y
broadening
its
reach
to
real
w
or
ld
en
vironment
applicati
ons
.
In
order
to
incar
na
te
this
idea,
a
cloud
softw
are
platf
o
r
m
is
n
eeded
to
pro
vide
an
integ
r
ation
la
y
er
betw
een
the
IoT
and
cloud
computing
taking
into
account
the
heterogenity
of
netw
or
k
comm
unication
protocols
as
w
ell
as
the
secur
ity
and
data
management
issues
.
In
this
study
,
an
architect
ur
al
design
of
IoT
-cloud
platf
or
m
f
or
IoT
and
cloud
computing
integ
r
ation
is
presented.
The
proposed
softw
are
platf
or
m
can
be
decomposed
into
fiv
e
main
components
namely
cloud-to-de
vice
interf
ace
,
authentication,
data
management,
and
cloud-to-user
interf
ace
component.
In
gener
al,
the
cloud-to-de
vice
interf
ace
acts
as
a
data
tr
ansmission
endpoint
betw
een
the
whole
cloud
platf
or
m
system
and
its
IoT
de
vices
counter
par
t.
Bef
ore
a
session
of
data
tr
ansmission
estab
lished,
the
comm
unication
inter
f
ace
contact
the
authentication
component
to
mak
e
sure
that
the
corresponding
IoT
de
vice
is
legitimate
bef
ore
it
allo
w
ed
f
or
sending
the
sensor
data
to
cloud
en
vironment.
Notice
that
a
v
alid
IoT
de
vice
can
be
registered
to
the
cloud
system
through
w
eb
console
component.
The
receiv
ed
sensor
data
are
then
collected
in
data
stor
age
component.
An
y
stored
data
can
be
fur
ther
analyz
ed
b
y
data
processing
component.
User
or
an
y
de
v
eloped
applications
can
then
retr
ie
v
e
collected
data,
either
r
a
w
or
processed
data,
through
API
data
access
and
w
eb
console
.
Cop
yright
c
2019
Univer
sitas
Ahmad
Dahlan.
All
rights
reser
ved.
1.
Intr
oduction
The
de
v
elopment
of
industr
ial
re
v
olution
4.0
ha
v
e
led
to
an
emerging
research
issue
in
Receiv
ed
J
une
7,
2018;
Re
vised
J
an
uar
y
28,
2019;
Accepted
F
ebr
uar
y
28,
2019
TE
LK
OMNIKA
,
V
ol.
17,
No
.
3,
J
une
2019,
pp
.
1399
-
1408
ISSN
:
1693-6930,
ac
cre
dit
ed
Fi
rs
t
Gr
ad
e
b
y
K
emen
r
is
t
ekdik
t
i
,
De
cree
No
:
21
/E
/
K
PT/20
18
DOI
:
10.129
28/TE
L
K
OMN
I
KA
.v
17
i
3
.
11
78
6
1399
*
Correspo
nding
au
t
h
or
,
e-m
ail:
bh
a
wiyuga@
ub
.ac.id
1
,
da
n
y
.jali
n
@ub
.ac.id
2
,
kasyful@u
b
.ac.id
3
,
the
area
of
Inter
net
of
Things
(IoT)
.
In
IoT
,
the
per
v
asiv
e
and
ubiquitous
de
vic
es
equipped
wit
h
micro
controller
,
sensors
and
actuators
are
e
xpec
ted
to
be
interc
onnect
ed
t
hrough
a
tr
ansc
eiv
er
module
using
v
ar
ious
kind
of
com
m
unication
protoc
ols
.
Thos
e
kind
of
interc
onnect
ion
lea
ds
to
the
abil
ity
of
an
IoT
based
system
to
be
uniquely
identified,
perf
or
ming
percept
ion
of
surrounding
e
nv
ironme
nt
and
e
xchanging
those
pe
rceiv
ed
data
through
v
ar
ious
kind
of
com
m
unicat
ion
medium.
As
a
result,
an
y
promis
ing
sm
ar
t
applicat
ion
s
can
be
de
v
eloped
on
t
op
of
that
ecos
ys
tem
su
ch
as:
precision
ag
r
icultur
e
,
b
uildi
ng
healt
h
monitor
ing
and
sm
ar
t
g
r
id
[1]
.
In
gener
al,
IoT
b
uilding
b
loc
k
com
pose
of
six
diff
erent
par
ts
.
There
are
cons
is
t
of
ide
ntific
ation,
sensi
ng,
com
m
uni
c
a
tion,
com
putat
ion,
ser
vic
es
and
sem
antic
s
par
t
[2].
Th
e
co
mput
ation
par
t
located
on
mic
rocont
roller
att
ached
to
IoT
de
vic
e
,
has
the
main
rol
e
to
process
data
acquired
fro
m
sens
ing
par
t.
It
has
basic
ability
to
proces
s
sim
ple
comp
utation
taks
such
as
analog
to
digital
con
v
ersion
locally
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
as
a
sy
st
e
m
r
unning
in
a
longer
per
iod,
the
data
coll
ected
might
e
x-
ceeds
the
amount
st
or
age
of
local
IoT
de
vices
to
sa
v
e
and
proce
ss
it
as
requi
red
to
be
analyz
ed.
Ther
ef
ore
,
more
reliab
le
st
or
age
capacit
y
and
po
w
erful
com
putatio
nally
entity
is
highly
demanded.
In
co
ntr
ast
wit
h
IoT
de
vic
es
,
a
cloud
computi
ng
entity
off
ers
a
relat
iv
ely
unlimit
ed
capabilit
ies
to
st
ore
and
proces
s
huge
data
using
vi
r
tual
ization
technology
applied
on
it.
[3]
Not
only
Cloud
com
puting
reliability
of
proces
sing
computa
tion
[4]
b
ut
also
it
max
imizing
the
resourc
e
as
ment
ion in [5].
K
e
yw
or
d
s
:
cloud
computing,
inter
ne
t
of
thing
s
,
softw
are
platf
or
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1400
ISSN:
1693-6930
Despite
of
its
benefit,
there
e
xists
se
v
er
al
challenges
ar
ise
from
integ
r
ating
the
IoT
to
cloud
computing
including
netw
or
k
comm
unication,
secur
ity
and
dat
a
management.
[9]
The
first
issue
is
netw
or
k
comm
unication
which
or
iginates
from
the
div
ersity
and
v
ar
iability
of
a
v
ailab
le
netw
or
king
protocols
.
T
o
name
a
f
e
w
,
there
are
TCP
based
protocols
such
as
HTTP
,
MQTT
and
AMQP
while
on
the
other
hand
there
e
xists
UDP
based
protocol
such
as
CoAP
[10]
and
[11].
The
second
issue
is
related
to
the
ability
of
cloud
system
to
confir
m
that
its
IoT
de
vice
counter
par
t
is
a
v
alid
par
tner
[12].
2.
Preliminar
y
Stud
y
on
IoT
-Cloud
Platf
orm
TELK
OMNIKA
V
ol.
17,
No
.
3,
J
une
2019
:
1399
-
1408
Aspects
IoT
Cloud
Displacement
P
er
v
asiv
e
Centr
aliz
ed
Reachability
Limited
Ubiquitous
Components
Real
w
or
ld
things
Vir
tual
resources
Computational
Capabilities
Limited
Vir
tually
unlimited
Stor
age
Limited
or
none
Vir
tually
unlimited
Role
of
the
Inter
net
P
oint
of
con
v
ergence
Means
f
or
deliv
er
ing
ser
vices
Big
data
Source
Means
to
manage
T
ab
le
1.
Complementar
y
aspects
of
IoT
and
cloud
computing
The
int
eg
r
ati
on
of
IoT
de
vi
ces
and
cl
ou
d
computing
en
vi
r
onment
has
a
ch
ance
to
es
cala
te
the
le
v
er
ag
e
of
sy
stem
util
ization
on
both
si
de
s
.
On
the
othe
r
hand
,
IoT
sy
stem
ma
y
ge
t
be
nefi
t
from
tak
ing
stor
age
and
computat
ion
re
s
our
c
e
s
pro
vi
de
d
b
y
the
cl
ou
d
en
t
ity
.
Fu
r
ther
more
,
clo
ud
co
mpu
ting
has
more
stab
le
natu
re
compar
ed
to
IoT
de
vi
ces
in
the
IoT
s
ys
tem
su
ch
tha
t
to
en
sure
the
a
v
ail
a
bil
ity
of
IoT
sensor
data
that
has
been
col
lected.
Th
e
f
or
ma
t
ion
of
IoT
-Clo
ud
area
s
rece
iv
e
ser
ious
attention
within
the
fiel
d
of
IoT
de
v
elopment
as
men
tion
in
[6]
.
In
20
10,
[7]
ha
s
proposed
an
e
v
ent-
dr
iv
en
sensor
vi
r
tualiz
ation
appr
oach
f
o
r
Inter
ne
t
of
Thin
gs
clo
ud
wh
ich
de
monstr
ate
the
de
v
elopment
of
IoT
applic
ation
with
re
as
on
i
ng
ca
pa
bilit
y
us
ing
a
g
reen
sc
hoo
l
motorcycl
e
cas
e
study
.
In
2014
,
[8]
has
pub
li
shed
a
util
ity
pa
r
ad
igm
f
or
IoT
kn
o
wn
as
The
se
nsing
cl
ou
d.
Finally
,
aft
er
the
v
alidit
y
of
IoT
de
vic
e
is
confi
r
med
and
the
data
from
sens
or
is
receiv
ed,
ther
e
m
ust
be
a
mec
hanism
to
eff
ectiv
ely
st
ore
the
data
so
that
it
can
be
proces
sed
and
acc
ess
ed
in
the
future
.
T
o
deal
with
issue
s
men
ti
on
abo
v
e
,
an
integ
r
ation
la
y
er
betw
een
the
IoT
and
cloud
co
m
puti
n
g
is
requi
red.
Thus
in
this
study
propose
an
archit
ect
u
r
al
design
of
IoT
-cloud
sof
tw
are
pla
tf
or
m
f
or
IoT
and
cloud
com
puting
integ
r
ation.
The
proposed
platf
or
m
is
com
posed
b
y
fiv
e
main
co
m
ponent
s
nam
ely
cloud-
to-de
vice
interf
ace
,
authent
icat
io
n,
data
management
,
and
cloud
t
o
us
er
inter
f
ace
com
ponent.
In
gener
al,
the
cloud
t
o
d
e
vic
e
interf
ace
act
s
as
a
data
tr
ansm
iss
io
n
end
point
betw
een
the
whole
cloud
platf
or
m
sy
st
em
and
its
IoT
de
vic
es
count
er
par
t.
Bef
ore
a
sessi
on
of
data
tr
ansmis
sio
n
is
est
ab
lish
ed,
the
com
m
unicat
ion
interf
ace
contac
ts
authenticati
on
com
ponent
to
mak
e
sure
that
the
corres
p
o
n
ding
IoT
de
vic
e
is
legitim
ate
be-
f
or
e
it
is
g
r
anted
to
send
the
sensor
data
to
cloud.
Not
ice
that
a
v
alid
IoT
de
vic
e
can
be
regist
ere
d
to
the
cl
oud
sys
t
e
m
throug
h
w
eb
console
com
ponent.
The
receiv
ed
sens
or
data
are
then
collec
ted
in
data
stor
age
com
ponent.
An
y
st
ored
data
can
be
fur
ther
analyz
ed
b
y
data
proces
sing
co
m
ponent
.
User
or
an
y
de
v
eloped
applicat
io
n
s
can
then
retr
ie
v
e
collec
ted
data,
either
r
a
w
or
pr
ocess
e
d
data,
throug
h
API
data
access
and
w
eb
cons
ole
.
The
IoT
com
bined
with
Clo
ud
com
puting
func
tionalit
ies
leads
to
a
ne
w
conc
ept
kno
wn
as
cl
oud
of
things
[13,
14].
The
ter
m
IoT
Cloud
w
as
coined
in
[15]
and
[16]
to
e
xplain
the
integ
r
ation
of
IoT
and
cloud
com
puting.
Cloud
comput
ing
and
IoT
basic
ally
de
v
eloped
in
diff
erent
w
a
y
.
F
rom
Bot
ta’
s
w
or
k,
som
e
com
plem
entar
y
aspec
t
of
cloud
and
IoT
is
illust
r
ated
in
T
ab
le
1
.
I
oT
can
tak
e
a
ben
efit
of
stor
age
and
com
putatio
n
resources
pro
vided
b
y
cloud
entit
y
.
Fur
ther
more
,
a
more
sta
b
le
nature
of
cloud
com
puting
sys
tem
com
pared
to
its
IoT
de
vic
es
count
er
par
t
ma
y
giv
e
more
as
sur
anc
e
on
the
a
v
ailab
ility
of
sens
or
data.
On
the
other
hand,
the
cloud
com
puting
sy
st
em
ma
y
get
ben
efit
from
IoT
b
y
broade
ning
its
reac
h
to
real
w
or
ld
en
vironment.
Theref
ore
,
more
per
v
asiv
e
se
r
vi
ce
s
can
be
de
v
eloped
on
top
if
this
integ
r
ation.
Fur
ther
more
,
the
cloud
can
poss
ib
ly
tak
e
a
ro
le
as
mi
ddle
w
are
to
br
idge
betw
een
the
user
or
applicat
ion
to
the
IoT
de
vic
es
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMNIKA
ISSN:
1693-6930
1401
3.
Resear
c
h
Method
The
research
methods
conducted
with
se
v
er
al
steps
.
F
or
the
first
step
is
do
liter
ature
study
on
the
area
of
IoT
,
cloud
computing
and
the
issues
related
to
the
integ
r
ation
of
both
entities
presented
in
Section
2.
Ne
xt
step
is
mak
e
a
design
of
the
system
architecture
of
proposed
IoT
cloud
platf
or
m
which
presented
in
Section
4.
Based
on
the
design,
the
ne
xt
step
is
to
implement
each
component
composing
the
sys
t
em
in
Section
5.
After
finish
the
implementation
step
,
the
system
design
is
tested
in
ter
m
of
its
functionality
and
perf
or
mance
.
T
esting
result
is
presented
in
Section
6.
Finally
,
the
last
par
t
is
conclusion
of
the
w
or
k
mention
in
the
conclusion
in
Section
7.
4.
System
Design
Figure
1
illustr
ates
a
gener
al
en
vironment
of
the
IoT
based
system
using
three
actors
namely
IoT
sensing
d
e
vice
,
IoT
gate
w
a
y
de
vice
and
IoT
cloud
platf
or
m.
Notice
that,
to
simplify
the
ter
minology
IoT
de
vice
is
used
to
state
both
IoT
sensing
and
gate
w
a
y
de
vices
.
Figure
1.
Gener
al
en
vironment
of
IoT
based
system
Architectur
al
design
of
IoT
-cloud
computing
integ
r
ation
platf
or
m...
(Adhity
a
Bha
wiyuga)
The
cloud
should
then
meet
the
requiremen
t
of
IoT
applications
.
It
has
to
be
ab
le
to
ser
v
e
diff
erent
type
of
IoT
application.
All
subject
related
to
IoT
application
ha
v
e
to
be
off
ered
the
ser
vices
pro
vided
b
y
the
IoT
cloud.
An
IoT
-Cloud
system
typically
has
three
components
.
The
first
component
is
natur
al
en
vironment
where
the
sensors
,
actuators
and
connecting
de
vices
located.
Basically
sensors
as
electronic
de
vices
that
inter
act
wit
h
the
p
h
ys
i
c
a
l
w
or
ld,
gener
ate
data
from
their
surrounding
en
vironment.
The
ne
xt
component
is
cloud
computing
system
as
par
t
f
or
stor
ing,
processing
and
analyzing
gener
ated
data
from
the
en
vironment.
IoT
middle
w
are
collects
data
from
sensors
,
then
tr
ansf
er
it
to
Cloud
en
vironment.
Vir
tual
machines
r
unning
on
the
ph
ysical
ser
v
er
in
the
cloud
will
handle
the
data
to
be
store
in
a
stor
age
system
and
do
computation
function.
And
the
last
component
of
proposed
system
is
user
applications
.
In
user
applications
,
user
can
do
some
actions
such
as
visualizing
result
data
from
the
sensor
and
controlling
the
en
vironment
remotely
.
Not
only
IoT
sensing
de
vice
has
a
ro
le
to
perceiv
e
contempor
ar
y
circumst
ances
of
surrounding
en
vironment
through
in
v
olv
ement
of
sensor
s
,
b
ut
also
has
function
to
giv
e
a
specific
re
spon
s
e
to
the
en
vironment
b
y
adding
actuator
par
t
in
IoT
de
vice
.
T
h
e
collected
sensor
data
will
be
tr
ansmitted
to
the
IoT
ga
t
e
w
a
y
thr
ough
a
wireless
connection
such
as
Wifi
[17],
Bluetooth
Lo
w
Energy
[
18]
,
zigbee
[19]
o
r
low
power
wide
area
network
(LPWAN)
[20]
.
O
nce
the
data
is
received,
IoT
gateway
device
relays
the
data
to
IoT
cloud
platf
orm
thro
u
gh
a
cellular
or
backbone
network
connection.
In
this
sense,
the
IoT
gateway
should
have
capability
to
communicate
with
both
local
IoT
sensing
device
and
glo
bal
IoT
cloud
platf
orm.
Finally,
the
sensor
data
are
received
by
IoT
cloud
platf
orm
and
stored
to
its
datab
ase
systemf
or
a
m
o
re
complex
data
processing
as
well
asfurther
data
access
by
users
or
developed
applicatio
ns.
On
reverse
direction,
the
IoT
cloud
may
receive
a
specific
comm
and
from
user
thr
o
ugh
a
predetermined
application
programmin
g
inter
face
(API)
and
send
it
to
IoT
device
through
the
assistance
of
IoT
gateway.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1402
ISSN:
1693-6930
Figure
2.
Building
b
loc
k
of
proposed
IoT
cloud
platf
or
m
5.
Component
Implementation
In
this
section,
the
implementation
of
each
component
in
proposed
IoT
cloud
platf
or
m
is
e
xplained.
5.1.1.
Restful
HTTP
Interface
TELK
OMNIKA
V
ol.
17,
No
.
3,
J
une
2019
:
1399
-
1408
5.1.
Cloud-
to-D
e
vice
Inter
face
As
stat
ed
in
section
4.,
the
clou
d-t
o-device
interface
component
has
a
vit
al
role
for
pro
vi
ding
a
comm
un
icat
i
o
n
en
dp
oint
bet
w
een
an
IoT
de
vice
and
the
whole
cloud
platf
or
m
syste
m.
In
orde
r
to
pro
vide
such
fu
nctiona
l
ity
a
messaging
protocol
named
Restful
HTTP
[21
]
is
uti
li
z
ed.
T
hi
s
proto
col
is
chose
n
du
e
to
their
wide
ado
ption
in
the
area
of
machine-to-machine
(M2M)
com
m
un
ic
a
tion
.
Fi
gure
3
illustr
ates
the
design
of
REST
ful
HT
TP
in
our
proposed
IoT
cloud
platf
or
m.
R
ESTf
ul
HTTP
interf
ace
is
designed
using
three
main
act
ors
.
Nam
ely
I
oT
gate
w
a
y/
de
vic
e
act
ing
as
a
HT
TP
client,
IoT
Gate
w
a
y’
s
corres
po
nding
HT
TP
ser
v
er
locat
ed
in
cloud
platf
or
m
and
the
data
base
.
Fi
rst,
the
IoT
devices
send
the
acquired
sens
or
data
toget
her
wit
h
its
aut
hen
ti
cation
toke
nin
form
of
HT
TP
reques
t.
Upon
recept
i
o
n
,
the
HT
TP
serv
er
authent
icates
th
e
dev
ice
identit
y
by
com
paring
t
oken
c
redential
w
ith
one
in
aut
henticatio
n
dat
abase.
Onc
e
it
is
cl
a
r
ifi
ed,
t
he
H
T
TP
ser
ver
t
hen
st
ores
rec
eived
s
ensor
dat
a
t
o
t
he
dat
abase
as
s
torage
component
and
send
back
a
r
esponse
indicating
t
hat
t
he
operatio
n
is
s
ucc
essf
ully
perf
or
m
ed.
I
n
detail
,
t
he
r
equest
and
r
esponse
f
ormat
is
pres
ented
in
T
abl
e
2
w
hile
t
he
dat
a
f
ormat
of
reques
t
m
e
ssage
is
pr
e
sent
ed
in
s
ecti
on
5
.
1.
2.
In
t
his
st
udy
is
f
ocus
ed
on
the
desig
n
and
implem
e
n
tation
of
IoT
cl
oud
pl
atf
or
m
par
t
spes
ifical
ly
.
The
b
uilding
b
loc
k
of
proposed
IoT
clo
ud
platf
or
m
can
be
ill
ustr
at
ed
in
Fi
gure
2
Th
ere
e
xist
s
fiv
e
ma
in
c
omponent
s
in
the
sy
st
em.
The
y
are
cl
oud-to-
d
e
vice
inter
f
ace
,
authentic
ation,
d
ata
management
,
and
cl
oud
to-us
er
interf
ace
co
m
ponent.
In
gener
al,
the
cloud
-to-de
vic
e
inter
f
ace
act
s
as
a
data
tr
ansm
iss
ion
end-
point
betw
een
th
e
whole
cl
oud
platf
or
m
sy
st
em
and
its
IoT
gate
w
a
y
de
vic
es
count
er
par
t.
Bef
ore
a
ses
sion
of
data
tr
ansmission
est
ab
lished,
the
com
m
unicat
ion
interf
ace
cont
act
s
the
authentic
ation
com
ponent
to
ensur
e
that
the
corresponding
IoT
gate
w
a
y
is
legitim
ate
bef
ore
bei
ng
g
r
anted
to
se
nd
ac
quire
d
sens
or
data
to
cloud
en
vironm
ent.
Not
ice
that
a
v
alid
IoT
gate
w
a
y
can
be
regis
t
ered
to
the
cloud
sy
st
em
through
w
eb
cons
ole
com
ponent.
The
receiv
ed
se
nsor
data
t
hat
has
arr
iv
ed
in
cloud
sy
st
em
is
then
co
llected
in
data
st
or
age
com
ponent.
An
y
stor
ed
data
can
be
fur
ther
analyz
ed
b
y
data
proces
sing
com
ponent.
Us
er
can
retr
ie
v
e
the
co
llected
data
throu
gh
API
data
access
and
w
eb
cons
ole.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMNIKA
ISSN:
1693-6930
1403
Figure
3.
Design
of
RESTful
HTTP
interf
ace
T
ab
le
2.
Request
and
response
f
or
mat
f
or
sensor
data
tr
ansmission.
5.1.2.
Data
Format
A
compact
data
f
or
mat
is
required
t
o
represent
v
ar
ious
kind
of
sensor
data
coming
from
5.2.
A
uthentication
The
authentication
component
pla
ys
an
impor
tant
roles
to
ensure
the
v
alidity
of
IoT
de
Architectur
al
design
of
IoT
-cloud
computing
integ
r
ation
platf
or
m...
(Adhity
a
Bha
wiyuga)
f
”results”:”Sensordatas
has
successfully
added.
”
g
Request
:
POST
/sensordatas/
HTTP/1.1
Host:
Cloud
IP:P
or
t
Content-T
ype:
application/json
A
uthor
ization:
JWT
tok
en
Sensor
data
in
JSON
f
or
mat.
Detail
in
section
5.1.2.
Response
HTTP/1.1
201
Created
di
f
f
eren
t
IoT
sens
i
ng
de
vic
e
s
.
Theref
ore
,
this
st
udy
is
using
a
k
e
y
v
alue
data
in
the
f
or
m
of
J
a
v
a
s
cr
ip
t
Obje
c
t
Notation
(J
S
O
N).
Th
e
JS
O
N
off
ers
a
relativ
ely
lig
ht
w
eigh
t
data-interchange
f
o
r
ma
t
whi
c
h
is
easil
y
reada
b
le
bot
h
b
y
human
and
mac
hine
[22]
.
The
com
plete
f
or
mat
used
b
y
IoT
d
e
vices
to
send
it
s
sens
or
dat
a
has
tw
o
main
k
e
y-v
alue
.
The
firs
t
k
e
y
v
alue
is
”label
”
k
e
y
in
dica
t
in
g
the
id
enti
fi
er
of
an
IoT
de
vice
register
e
d
in
cloud
platf
or
m.
The
second
k
e
y
v
alue
is
”sen
sors”
k
e
y
in
dicati
ng
al
l
a
v
ai
lab
le
se
n
s
or
data.
Ins
i
de
the
”sensors”
par
t
there
e
xists
another
k
e
y-v
a
lue
pai
r
s
,
nam
ely
”v
al
ue”
k
e
y
indi
c
ating
the
list
of
sensor
v
alue
with
its
corres
pondin
g
time
s
ta
mp
an
d
a
sen-
sor
la
bel
to
classify
those
list.
By
using
this
data
f
or
mat
,
an
IoT
gate
w
a
y
de
vice
can
perf
or
m
a
da
ta
ag
g
regat
ion
of
sensor
data
com
ing
fr
om
diff
erent
att
ached
IoT
se
nsin
g
de
vic
es
in
a
cer
tai
n
ti
me
windo
w
.A
com
pact
data
f
or
mat
is
required
to
represent
v
ar
io
us
kind
of
sens
or
dat
a
comin
g
fro
m
diff
erent
IoT
sensing
de
vices
.
The
r
e
f
ore
,
in
this
st
udy
,
a
k
e
y-v
al
ue
da
ta
in
the
f
or
m
of
J
a
v
ascr
ipt
Object
Notation
(JS
ON)
is
used.
The
JS
O
N
off
ers
a
rela
tiv
el
y
li
ght
w
ei
gh
t
da
ta-
i
nterc
h
ange
f
or
mat
which
is
easily
readab
le
both
b
y
human
and
machi
ne
.
vi
ces
conne
cte
d
to
the
clou
d
pla
t
f
o
r
m.
In
order
to
do
tha
t,
the
cl
o
ud
platf
or
m
softw
are
shou
l
d
ha
v
e
t
h
e
abil
it
y
to
pe
rf
or
m
a
n
a
uthe
ntica
t
ion
process
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
instead
of
put
ting
the
alre
ady
sensiti
v
e
user
name-p
ass
w
o
r
d
cre
de
n
t
ial
on
the
de
vi
ce
,
the
pr
opo
sed
system
is
using
the
tok
en
ba
s
e
d
in
f
or
m
of
JSON
W
eb
T
ok
en
(JWT).
The
JWT
is
chosen
si
n
ce
it
ha
s
an
e
xpir
ation
me
c
ha
ni
sm
wh
i
ch
is
saf
er
f
r
om
a
wireles
s
tam
pe
r
ing
an
d
sniffing
tha
n
tha
t
of
the
user
nam
e-
pass
w
or
d.
Fi
g
ur
e
4
il
lustra
te
s
th
e
flo
w
of
au
the
ntic
ati
o
n
for
bo
th
RE
S
Tful
H
T
TP.
Since
the
RE
S
Tful
H
T
TP
is
a
stateless
protoco
l
,
the
refo
re,
for
ea
ch
se
ns
or
da
ta
tr
ansmissi
on
,
it
shou
l
d
alwa
y
s
conta
i
n
s
the
token
creden
ti
al
loc
ated
i
n
th
e
HT
T
P
h
e
ad
er
pa
r
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1404
ISSN:
1693-6930
5.3.
Data
Mana
g
ement
The
sensor
data
receiv
ed
b
y
cloud
platf
or
m
should
then
be
stored
on
a
database
man-
agement
system
(DBMS)
f
or
fur
ther
processing
and
access
.
There
e
xists
se
v
er
al
char
acter
istics
of
IoT
sensor
data
that
should
be
considered
in
selecting
the
r
ight
DBMS
.
First,
the
v
ar
iety
of
data
can
be
e
xpanded
as
additional
sensor
attached
on
IoT
de
vices
.
Fur
ther
more
,
a
sensor
data
can
be
t
r
ansmitted
in
the
f
or
m
of
streaming
r
anging
from
daily
per
iod
to
a
near
real
time
f
ashion
which
ma
y
leads
to
a
huge
v
olume
of
sensor
data
stor
age
.
Theref
ore
,
DBMS
with
a
less
str
ict
schema
r
ules
combined
with
f
ast
wr
iting
perf
or
mance
is
suitab
le
f
or
IoT
data
stor
age
pur
poses
.
T
aking
into
account
af
orementioned
requirement,
in
this
study
,
a
NoSQL
DBMS
called
MongoDB
is
utiliz
ed.
In
contr
ast
with
SQL
based
DBMS
,
the
NoSQL
off
ers
a
schema-less
f
eature
in
which
doesn’t
require
to
specify
a
predefined
str
ucture
of
the
tab
le
.
It
means
,
the
tab
le
pro
per
ty
can
be
elastically
defined
dur
ing
the
inser
tion
of
ne
w
data.
Fur
ther
more
,
MongoDB
can
be
hor
iz
ontally
scaled
thanks
to
its
sharding
and
replication
capabilities
.
F
or
using
MongoDB
,
the
system
need
to
define
a
big
picture
of
data
stor
age
in
ter
m
of
document.
Figure
5
illustr
ates
the
design
of
proposed
data
stor
age
using
MongoDB
.
Figure
5.
Design
of
proposed
data
stor
age
using
mongoDB
document
In
the
design,
MongoDB
is
consists
with
f
our
documents:
Users
,
Nodes
,
Sensors
and
Sensor
data.
The
User
Document
is
utiliz
ed
to
store
user
inf
or
mation
which
is
used
mainly
f
or
TELK
OMNIKA
V
ol.
17,
No
.
3,
J
une
2019
:
1399
-
1408
Figure
4.
A
uthentication
mechanism
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMNIKA
ISSN:
1693-6930
1405
authentication
pur
poses
.
A
user
ma
y
ha
v
e
se
v
er
al
IoT
de
vice
nodes
under
his/her
super
vision
while
a
node
can
possib
le
ha
v
e
more
than
one
sensor
.
At
last,
there
e
xists
Sensordata’
s
document
to
store
the
receiv
ed
sensor
data.
It
has
relation
with
document
nodes
and
sensors
to
giv
e
status
about
the
data
or
iginated
inf
or
mation.
5.4.
Cloud-to-User
Interface
A
cloud-to-user
interf
ace
is
de
v
eloped
to
pro
vide
an
access
to
stored
sensor
data
f
or
both
user
and
other
application
using
RESTful
w
ebser
vice
based
application
prog
r
amming
interf
ace
.
The
specification
of
API
f
or
request
f
or
mat
are
presented
in
T
ab
le
??
.
In
addition,
a
w
eb
console
to
pro
vide
a
g
r
aphical
user
interf
ace
(GUI)
f
or
both
managing
allo
w
ed
IoT
de
vices
and
accessing
the
sensor
data
is
de
v
eloped.
T
ab
le
3.
API
Spesification
request
f
or
mat
f
or
sensor
data
access
Request
Descr
iption
POST
/auth/
A
uthenticate
the
user
using
JWT
tok
en
GET
/sensordatas/
Get
all
sensor
data
from
all
nodes
GET
/sensordatas/node/
node-id
Get
all
sensor
data
a
node
with
specific
Get
all
sensor
data
a
node
with
specific
node-id
and
sensor-id
6.
Result
and
Anal
ysis
In
this
section
is
presenting
the
result
and
analysis
of
the
testing
perf
or
med
to
the
pro-
posed
IoT
cloud
platf
or
m
in
ter
m
of
functional
and
perf
or
mance
testing.
All
components
are
deplo
y
ed
on
a
vir
tual
pr
iv
ate
ser
v
er
(VPS)
with
specifications
1.6
GHz
Single
Co
re
CPU
with
1
GB
RAM,
30
GB
SSD
dr
iv
e
and
pub
lic
IP
address
r
unning
Ub
untu
14.
04
as
ser
v
er
oper
ating
sys-
tem.
W
e
use
Apache
v
ersion
2.4.7
[23]
as
w
ebser
v
er
and
Django
F
r
ame
w
or
k
[24]
f
or
de
v
eloping
RESTful
HTTP
ser
vice
as
w
ell
as
JWT
authenticationser
v
er
.
F
or
helping
our
w
or
k
in
database
management
system,
MongoDB
[25]
v
ersion
3.4.14
is
chosen.
6.1.
Functional
T
esting
T
o
perf
or
m
the
functional
testing,
a
set
of
hardw
are
prototype
is
de
v
eloped
to
r
un
IoT
sensing
and
gate
w
a
y
de
vice
function.
IoT
de
vice
prototype
is
b
uilt
usin
g
Arduino
Nano
with
A
T
-
Mega
328
microprocessor
.
It
also
equipped
with
a
433
MHz
RFM95
LoRa
comm
unication
module
.
The
IoT
de
vice
prototy
e
is
connected
to
sensor
de
vices
to
measure
soil
moisture
,
air
temper
ature-
humidity
and
r
ain
le
v
el.
The
IoT
de
vices
gather
data
from
surrounding
and
tr
ansmit
the
acquired
data
to
IoT
gate
w
a
y
.
IoT
gate
w
a
y
prototype
is
b
uilt
using
Raspberr
y
Pi
B
ser
ies
with
1.2
GHz
ARM
Processor
,
1
GB
RAM
and
8
GB
MicroSD
card.
As
comm
unication
interf
ace
,
IoT
gate
w
a
y
prototype
is
engaged
with
433
MHz
RFM95
LoRa
comm
unication
module
and
IEEE
802.11
b/g/n
module
.
Once
t
he
IoT
gate
w
a
y
de
vice
receiv
es
data
from
its
conn
ected
sensing
de
vices
,
IoT
gate-
w
a
y
de
vice
will
send
the
data
to
cloud
platf
or
m
b
y
using
RESTful
HTTP
protocol.
First,
W
e
tested
the
authentication
mechanism
b
y
sending
a
sensor
data
request
to
cloud
system
using
both
v
alid
and
in
v
alid
tok
en.
Figure
6a
and
6b
sho
w
the
HTTP
request
and
response
with
v
alid
and
in
v
alid
tok
en,
respectiv
ely
.
F
rom
the
result,
w
e
obser
v
e
that
the
authentication
component
successfully
perf
or
m
a
v
alidation
b
y
giving
diff
erent
responses
to
the
both
v
alid
and
in
v
alid
tok
ens
.
The
sensor
data
is
then
stored
b
y
management
component
on
a
MongoDB
instance
.
Figure
7
and
8
sho
w
the
stored
sensor
data
and
its
visualization
in
w
eb
console
,
respectiv
ely
.
6.2.
P
erf
ormance
T
esting
This
study
perf
or
med
a
test
to
measure
the
perf
or
mance
of
proposed
IoT
cloud
platf
or
m
in
ter
m
of:
response
time
of
sensor
data
reception
and
throughput
of
RESTful
HTTP
ser
v
er
.
Architectur
al
design
of
IoT
-cloud
computing
integ
r
ation
platf
or
m...
(Adhity
a
Bha
wiyuga)
no
de
-id
GET
/sensordatas/
n
o
de
/
no
de
-
id
/
sensor/
senso
r
-id
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1406
ISSN:
1693-6930
(a)
HTTP
request-response
with
v
alid
tok
en
k
e
y
(b)
HTTP
request-response
with
v
alid
tok
en
k
e
y
Figure
6.
A
uthentication
mechanism
testing
using
v
alid
and
in
v
alid
tok
en
k
e
y
Figure
7.
Sensor
data
stored
in
mongoDB
.
6.2.1.
P
erf
ormance
of
RESTful
HTTP
Interface
F
or
measur
ing
the
perf
or
mance
of
RESTful
HTTP
interf
ace
,
this
study
utiliz
es
JMeter
tool
to
sim
ulate
concurrent
sensor
dat
a
request
from
50,
100,
150
IoT
de
vices
.
Figure
9
(a)
and
(b)
sho
ws
the
result
of
measurement
in
ter
m
of
response
time
(in
seconds)
and
the
throughput
of
HTTP
ser
v
er
(in
requests
per
second),
respectiv
ely
.
F
rom
the
result
can
be
obser
v
e
that
there
is
a
conflicting
trend
betw
een
the
response
time
and
the
throughput
of
sensor
data
reception.
As
the
n
umber
of
de
vice
increases
,
the
response
time
tends
to
increase
while
the
throughput
decrease
.
This
can
be
happened
since
the
HTTP
ser
v
er
should
handle
and
maintain
more
HTTP
request
a
s
the
n
umber
of
de
vices
increases
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
from
the
result
has
sho
wn
that
at
w
orst
the
a
v
er
age
response
is
about
3
seconds
while
the
ser
v
er
can
handle
the
29
.23
requests/second
f
or
250
de
vices
concurrent
connections
which
are
still
acceptab
le
consider
ing
the
specification
of
the
ser
v
er
machine
.
TELK
OMNIKA
V
ol.
17,
No
.
3,
J
une
2019
:
1399
-
1408
Figure
8.
Data
Visualization
in
W
eb
Console
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELK
OMNIKA
ISSN:
1693-6930
1407
Ref
erences
[9]
D
´
ıaz,
Man
uel,
Cr
istian
Mar
t
´
ın,
and
Bar
tolom
´
Architectur
al
design
of
IoT
-cloud
computing
integ
r
ation
platf
or
m...
(Adhity
a
Bha
wiyuga)
Fi
gure
9.
(a)
Resp
onse
time
and
(b)
Throughput
of
IoT
Cloud
Plat
f
or
m
Sensor
Dat
a
Rec
eption
f
or
V
ar
iou
s
Am
ount
of
Conc
urrent
Connec
t
io
ns
(a)
Res
po
ns
e
Ti
me
(b)
Thro
ug
h
pu
t
7.
Conc
lusion
The
architectur
al
design
of
IoT
-cloud
platf
or
m
f
or
IoT
and
cloud
computing
integ
r
ation
has
be
en
prese
nted.
Th
e
prop
ose
d
so
ftw
ar
e
pla
t
f
or
m
can
be
de
compo
sed
into
fiv
e
main
compo
ne
nts
:
cloud
-t
o-
de
vic
e
interf
ac
e
,
au
then
tication,
da
ta
man
age
ment,
an
d
clou
d-
to-
user
inter
f
ace
comp
onent.
In
ge
ne
r
al,
the
clou
d-to-de
vice
inter
f
ace
acts
as
a
da
ta
tr
an
smission
en
dp
oint
be
tw
ee
n
the
who
le
clou
d
platf
or
m
syst
e
m
an
d
its
IoT
de
vices
coun
ter
pa
r
t.
Be
f
or
e
a
session
of
da
ta
tr
an
smis-
sion
es
t
a
b
lish
,
the
comm
un
ication
inter
f
ace
contact
the
au
then
t
ica
t
ion
comp
onent
to
mak
e
su
r
e
that
the
corre
s
po
ndin
g
IoT
de
vice
is
leg
itimate
be
f
or
e
it
is
g
r
an
ted
to
sen
d
the
se
nso
r
da
ta
to
clou
d.
Not
i
ce
that
a
v
ali
d
IoT
de
vice
can
be
re
gister
ed
to
the
cloud
sys
tem
through
w
eb
co
ns
ole
co
mpone
nt.
The
re
c
e
iv
ed
sensor
da
ta
ar
e
then
colle
ct
ed
in
da
ta
stor
ag
e
co
mpone
nt.
An
y
stored
data
can
be
further
analyzed
by
data
processing
component.
User
or
any
developed
applications
can
then
retrieve
collected
data,
either
raw
or
processed
data,
through
API
data
access
and
web
console.
From
functional
testing
result
shown
that
the
proposed
system
has
been
able
to
provide
the
communication,
security
and
storage
functionalities.
Furthermore,
the
performance
result
shows
that
there
exists
an
impact
of
the
increase
of
concurrent
device
connections
on
the
delay
and
throughput
of
sensor data reception from IoT devices to the cloud system.
[8]
Dist
ef
ano
,
S
,
et
al.
A
Uti
lit
y
pa
r
ad
i
g
m
f
or
IoT
:
The
Sensing
Clou
d.
P
er
v
asiv
e
Mobile
Co
mputing
.
2
01
5;
20
:
12
7
-144
.
[1]
Le
e
,
In,
an
d
K
y
oo
chu
n
Le
e
.
The
Inter
ne
t
of
Thing
s
(IoT
):
Applic
a
ti
o
ns
,
in
v
estmen
ts
,
an
d
challeng
es
f
or
en
t
er
pr
ises
.
Bus
i
n
ess
Hor
iz
on
s
.
20
15
;
58(4):
43
1-440
.
[2]
Al
-Fuqaha
,
Al
a
,
et
al.
Inter
ne
t
of
thing
s:
A
sur
v
e
y
on
en
ab
li
n
g
tech
nologies
,
pro
tocols
,
an
d
ap
pli
catio
ns
.
IE
EE
Com
m
un
i
c
ation
s
Sur
v
e
ys
&
T
utor
ials
.
20
15;1
7(4):
23
47-2
376.
[3]
Bot
ta,
Ales
sio
,
et
al.
Integ
r
ation
of
clou
d
comput
i
n
g
an
d
inter
ne
t
of
thing
s:
a
sur
v
e
y
.
Fut
ure
Gen
er
ation
Com
puter
Sys
t
e
ms
.
20
16
;
56
:
68
4-7
00.
[4]
K
ob
us
i
ns
ka
,
A,
et
al.
T
o
w
ard
s
incre
as
ing
rea
l
ibili
ty
of
cl
o
uds
en
vi
ro
nme
nt
with
RESTful
w
eb
ser
vi
ce
s
.
Fut
ure
Gen
er
ation
Com
pu
t
er
Sys
t
e
ms
.
20
18;
87
:
50
2-51
3.
[5]
Bi
s
w
as
,
A.
R
,
et
al.
IoT
an
d
clou
d
Con
v
erg
ence:
Opp
or
tun
i
t
i
e
s
an
d
challeng
es
.
IEE
E
W
or
ld
F
or
um
on
Inter
net
of
Thing
s
(WF
-IO
T)
(20
14
):
37
5-376
.
[6]
Vi
llar
i,
M,
et
al.
Le
v
er
ag
i
n
g
the
Inter
ne
t
of
Thing
s
Int
eg
r
ation
of
Sensors
an
d
cl
o
ud
comput
i
n
g.
Int
er
na
-
ti
o
nal
Jou
r
na
l
Distr
ib
uted
Sen
sor
Netw
or
k
.
20
16;
12
:
97
642
87.
[7]
Al
am,
S
,
et
al.
SenaaS:
An
event-driven
sensor
virtualization
approach
for
Internet
of
Things
cloud
.
in
2010
IEEE
International
Conference
on
Networked
Embedded
System
for
Enterprose
Application
.
20
16:
1-6.
e
Ru
bio
.
State
-
o
f-the
-ar
t,
challeng
es
,
an
d
op
en
is
su
es
in
the
inte
g
r
ation
of
Inter
ne
t
of
things
an
d
clou
d
comput
i
n
g.
Jour
na
l
of
Ne
tw
or
k
an
d
Co
mpute
r
App
li
cat
i
o
ns
.
20
16;
67:
99
-11
7.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
1408
ISSN:
1693-6930
TELK
OMNIKA
V
ol.
17,
No
.
3,
J
une
2019
:
1399
-
1408
Jou
r
na
l
of
the
K
ore
a
instit
u
te
of
elec
troni
c
comm
un
i
cat
i
on
sci
e
nces
.
20
15;
10
(3):
41
9-424
.
Expres
s
.
20
16
;
2(3
):
10
0-1
02.
54(1
2):
:32–
39
.
Mag
azine
.
20
15;
53
(9):
72
-79
.
40
th
Inter
na
ti
on
al
Con
v
en
t
ion
on
Inf
or
mation
an
d
Co
mm
un
ication
T
echn
olog
y
,
El
ectro
nics
an
d
Mi
croelectron
ics
(MIPR
O)
.
20
16:
50
1-50
5.
[
12
]
Bha
wiy
uga,
Adh
i
ty
a,
Ma
he
nd
r
a
Data
,
an
d
Andr
i
W
ard
a.
Architectural
design
of
token
based
authentica
tion
of
MQTT
protocol
in
constrained
IoT
device.
Te
lecommunicat
i
on
Systems
Services
[
20]
Bard
yn
,
Je
an
-P
au
l
,
et
al.
IoT:
The
era
of
LPW
AN
is
st
a
rt
ing
no
w.
Euro
pe
an
Solid-Sta
t
e
Circuits
Conference
,
ESSCIRC
Co
nfere
nc
e
2
016
:
42
nd
.
IEEE,
2
016
.
[11]
Al
-Fuqa
ha,
Al
a,
et
al.
T
o
w
ard
be
tter
hor
iz
on
tal
integ
r
ation
amon
g
IoT
ser
vi
ces
.
IEE
E
Co
mm
un
ications
[
10
]
Hedi,
I,
et
al.
IoT
ne
twork
pro
toc
ols
com
p
aris
o
n
for
the
purpo
se
of
I
oT
const
rained
networks.
i
n
2017
and
Application
s (TSSA), 2017
11
th Inte
rnat
i
ona
l
Con
f
eren
c
e
on.
I
E
EE,
201
7.
[13]
M.
Aaza
m
an
d
E.
N.
Huh
,
Fog
Com
puti
n
g
an
d
Smart
Ga
t
ew
ay
Based
Co
mm
u
nic
a
t
ion
f
or
Clou
d
of
thi
ngs-a
su
r
v
e
y
,
Digit
.
Com
m
un
.
Netw
.
.
20
17
.
Things,
in
20
14
Inte
rna
tiona
l
Con
fere
nce
on
Fu
ture
I
nterne
t
of
Th
ings
an
d
Clou
d.
20
14
:
46
4–
47
0.
[14]
A.
F
ar
ah
za
di,
P
.
Sham
s
,
J
.
Rez
az
ad
eh
,
an
d
R.
F
ar
ah
ba
khsh,
Mi
dd
l
e
w
are
tech
no
logies
f
or
cl
ou
d
of
[15]
L.
Hou
et
al.,
Inter
ne
t
of
Thing
s
Clou
d:
Arc
hitectu
re
an
d
Implemen
tat
i
o
n,
IEE
E
Co
mm
un
.
Mag.
,
20
16
;
mig
r
atio
n
in
IoT
clou
d,
Future
Gen
er
.
Comput
.
Sy
st.,2
01
8;
85
:
17
3–
18
3.
[17]
Ahmed,
N.,
H.
Rah
ma
n,
an
d
Md
I.
Huss
a
i
n
.
A
compa
r
is
on
of
80
2.1
1
ah
an
d
80
2.1
5.
4
f
or
IoT
.
IC
T
[18]
Ryu,
Dae
-Hyu
n.
De
v
elop
me
nt
of
BLE
senso
r
modu
le
ba
sed
on
op
en
source
f
or
IoT
ap
plications
.
The
[21]
K
er
ane
n,
A,
et
al.
REST
ful
Des
ign
f
or
Int
er
ne
t
of
Thing
s
Sy
ste
ms
.
(20
15).
[22]
Br
a
y
,
Tim.
The
ja
v
as
cr
ipt
ob
j
e
ct
no
t
a
t
i
o
n
(js
o
n)
da
ta
interch
ange
f
or
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v
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The
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v
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Django
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Th
e
w
eb
fr
am
e
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or
k
f
or
pe
rf
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18).
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d
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ar
t
ho
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en
erg
y
mana
ge
ment
sys
tem
using
IEE
E
80
2.1
5.
4
and
zigb
ee
.
IE
EE
T
r
an
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s
on
Con
sumer
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10
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r
,
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d
I.
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Jeba
du
r
ai,
Re
source-a
w
are
vi
r
tua
l
machine
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