T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
, V
ol
.
17
,
No.
6,
Dec
em
be
r
20
1
9,
p
p.
2
93
1
~
2
93
9
IS
S
N: 1
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3
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93
0
,
accr
ed
ited
F
irst
Gr
ad
e b
y K
em
en
r
istekdikti,
Decr
ee
No: 2
1/E/
K
P
T
/20
18
DOI:
10.12928/TE
LK
OM
N
IK
A
.v
1
7
i
6
.
13093
◼
29
31
Rec
ei
v
ed
M
ay
11
,
20
1
9
; R
ev
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s
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J
u
l
y
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, 2
01
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; A
c
c
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Br
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f
l
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,
th
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s
u
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t
s
f
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t
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g
h
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a
l
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y
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EDs
.
Key
w
ords
:
c
o
l
o
r r
e
n
d
e
ri
n
g
i
n
d
e
x
,
l
a
m
b
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rt
-
b
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e
r l
a
w
,
l
u
m
i
n
o
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ff
i
c
a
c
y
,
wh
i
te
L
ED
Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
9
Uni
v
e
rsi
t
a
s
Ahm
a
d
D
a
hl
a
n.
All
rig
ht
s
r
e
s
e
rve
d
.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
T
he
s
e
da
y
s
,
t
he
tr
ad
i
t
i
on
al
l
i
gh
t
s
ou
r
c
es
c
an
no
t
m
ee
t
the
i
nc
r
ea
s
i
ng
an
d
c
om
pl
i
c
ati
ng
de
m
an
d
f
or
l
i
gh
t
i
ng
,
an
d
b
ec
om
e
ob
s
ol
ete
;
t
hu
s
,
th
ere
i
s
a
ne
ed
i
n
ge
t
ti
ng
th
e
t
r
ad
i
t
i
on
al
l
i
g
ht
s
ou
r
c
es
s
up
pl
a
nte
d
b
y
oth
er
s
tat
e
-
of
-
the
-
art
on
es
.
In
an
ef
f
ort
to
f
ul
f
i
l
l
thi
s
p
urp
os
e,
ph
os
ph
or
c
on
v
ert
ed
whi
t
e
l
i
g
ht
em
i
tti
ng
d
i
od
es
(
pc
-
W
LE
Ds
)
,
the
f
ou
r
th
po
ten
ti
a
l
g
en
er
ati
o
n
l
i
gh
t
s
ou
r
c
e,
was
i
nv
en
te
d
t
o
be
c
om
e
the
s
u
pe
r
i
or
i
n
t
he
i
l
l
um
i
na
ti
on
m
ar
k
et
an
d
ex
te
nd
i
ts
ap
pl
i
c
ati
on
i
n
di
f
f
erent
f
i
el
ds
of
ou
r
d
ai
l
y
l
i
f
e
s
uc
h
as
l
an
ds
c
ap
e,
s
tr
ee
t
l
i
gh
t
i
ng
,
b
ac
k
l
i
gh
ti
ng
,
etc
[1
-
3
].
Ho
w
e
v
er,
th
e
o
bs
tac
l
es
pre
v
en
ti
n
g
the
w
h
i
te
L
E
D
f
r
o
m
r
ea
c
h
i
ng
i
ts
i
nte
grit
y
are
th
e l
i
m
i
tat
i
o
ns
i
n
l
i
g
ht
ex
tr
ac
ti
o
n
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
a
nd
an
g
ul
ar
h
om
og
en
ei
t
y
of
c
orr
el
at
ed
c
ol
or
tem
pe
r
atu
r
e.
He
nc
e,
i
t
i
s
es
s
en
ti
a
l
t
o
e
l
i
m
i
na
te
the
s
e
t
w
o
prob
l
em
s
to
be
a
bl
e
to
ex
p
an
d
the
c
on
s
um
pti
on
m
ar
k
et
an
d
m
a
k
e
the
be
s
t
us
e
of
the
ad
v
an
t
ag
es
of
w
h
i
te
L
E
Ds
.
F
urtherm
ore,
on
e
of
the
m
o
s
t
op
ti
m
u
m
m
ea
s
ures
f
or
the
w
hi
t
e
l
i
g
ht
ge
n
erati
on
,
s
o
f
ar,
i
s
the
c
o
m
bi
na
t
i
on
b
et
w
e
en
th
e
bl
u
e
l
i
g
ht
f
r
o
m
c
on
v
ers
e
r
ed
ph
os
p
ho
r
an
d
the
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
g
ht
f
r
o
m
LE
D
c
hi
p
[
4
-
7].
A
l
th
ou
g
h
th
i
s
i
de
a
i
s
l
i
k
el
y
to
b
e
f
a
m
i
l
i
ar,
t
he
i
m
po
r
tan
c
e
of
the
s
tr
uc
ture
of
L
E
Ds
a
n
d
th
e
arr
an
g
em
en
t
of
ph
o
s
ph
or
l
a
y
ers
i
n
al
ter
i
ng
the
l
um
i
no
us
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
,
es
pe
c
i
al
l
y
the
c
ol
or
r
en
de
r
i
ng
i
n
de
x
,
i
s
un
de
n
i
a
bl
e.
T
he
r
e
are
s
o
m
e
s
ug
ge
s
ted
c
om
m
o
n
ph
os
ph
or
c
oa
ti
n
g
m
eth
od
s
i
n
m
an
uf
ac
turi
ng
L
E
Ds
s
uc
h
as
di
s
pe
ns
i
ng
c
o
ati
ng
an
d
c
on
f
or
m
al
c
oa
ti
ng
[8
-
11
].
Ne
v
erth
el
es
s
,
th
es
e
c
om
m
on
m
eth
od
s
c
ou
l
d
no
t
ge
t
t
he
c
ol
or
qu
a
l
i
t
y
r
ea
c
he
d
t
he
h
i
gh
es
t
de
gre
e
as
the
ab
i
l
i
t
y
of
the
l
i
g
h
t
c
on
v
ers
i
on
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
6,
D
ec
em
be
r
20
19
:
29
3
1
-
2939
2932
ph
os
ph
or
m
ate
r
i
al
i
s
r
ed
u
c
ed
du
e
to
t
he
y
e
l
l
o
w
e
m
i
tti
ng
ph
os
ph
or
d
i
r
ec
tl
y
c
on
tac
ti
ng
wi
th
the
L
E
D
c
hi
p,
l
e
ad
i
ng
t
o
the
gro
w
t
h
i
n
tem
pe
r
atu
r
e
at
the
j
un
c
ti
on
p
oi
nt
of
the
LE
D
an
d
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er.
T
he
r
ef
ore
,
to
as
s
ure
th
at
t
he
p
ho
s
ph
or’s
pe
r
f
orm
an
c
e
i
s
i
m
prov
ed
,
an
d
the
p
ho
s
ph
or
i
s
pro
tec
ted
f
r
o
m
da
m
ag
i
ng
,
t
he
m
eth
od
i
s
de
c
r
ea
s
i
ng
t
he
d
eg
r
ee
of
he
at
b
y
s
ett
i
n
g
up
the
ph
os
ph
or
a
w
a
y
f
r
om
the
he
at
s
o
urc
e
(
L
E
D
c
hi
p)
[1
2
-
14
].
If
the
p
ho
s
ph
or
i
s
p
l
ac
ed
i
n
an
ap
prop
r
i
ate
di
s
t
an
c
e
to
th
e
LE
D
c
hi
ps
,
we
c
ou
l
d
l
i
m
i
t
the
ev
en
t
of
th
e
b
ac
k
s
c
att
erin
g
an
d
l
i
g
ht
c
i
r
c
u
l
at
i
on
i
ns
i
d
e
L
E
D
[15
-
17
]
.
T
hu
s
,
i
t
c
ou
l
d
be
c
on
c
l
u
de
d
tha
t
t
hi
s
a
pp
r
o
ac
h
i
s
an
op
t
i
m
al
s
ol
ut
i
on
t
o
m
an
ag
e
the
t
e
m
pe
r
atu
r
e
of
LE
D,
an
d
i
m
prov
e
t
he
l
um
i
no
us
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
as
w
el
l
as
the
L
E
Ds
'
c
ol
or
q
ua
l
i
t
y
.
Nev
erthe
l
es
s
,
the
r
em
ote
ph
os
ph
or
s
tr
uc
ture
c
an
on
l
y
m
ee
t
the
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
of
r
eg
ul
ar
l
i
g
hti
ng
,
w
h
i
c
h
m
i
gh
t
be
t
h
e
r
ea
s
on
w
h
y
th
ere
i
s
a
n
e
ed
of
produc
i
ng
the
n
ex
t
ge
ne
r
at
i
on
of
LE
D.
F
or
f
urther
ad
v
a
nc
em
e
nt,
th
e
ba
c
k
s
c
att
erin
g
of
ph
os
ph
ors
to
the
c
h
i
p
m
us
t
be
m
i
ni
m
i
z
e
d
a
nd
the
i
l
l
um
i
na
ti
o
n
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
m
us
t
be
m
ag
ni
f
i
ed
t
hroug
h
s
om
e
s
tr
uc
tures
.
A
n
oth
er
s
t
ud
y
p
oi
nt
ed
ou
t
tha
t
i
t
i
s
p
os
s
i
b
l
e
to
r
ed
i
r
ec
t
t
he
l
i
gh
t
f
r
om
the
L
E
D
c
h
i
p
t
o
the
s
urf
ac
e
of
the
L
E
D
a
nd
th
en
m
i
ni
m
i
z
e
th
e
l
os
s
be
c
au
s
e
of
th
e
i
n
terna
l
r
ef
l
ec
ti
on
i
ns
i
de
the
LE
D
w
i
t
h
a
n
i
n
v
erte
d
c
on
e
l
e
ns
en
c
a
ps
ul
a
nt
a
nd
a
s
urr
ou
n
di
n
g
r
i
ng
r
e
m
ote
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er
[18
,
19
].
Mo
r
eo
v
er,
wi
th
a
c
l
ea
r
r
eg
i
on
i
n
th
e
pe
r
i
m
ete
r
area
wi
th
ou
t
c
oa
t
i
n
g
ph
os
ph
or
on
the
s
urr
ou
n
d
i
ng
s
urf
ac
e,
a
pa
tte
r
n
ed
r
em
ote
ph
os
ph
or
s
tr
uc
ture
c
ou
l
d
att
ai
n
hi
gh
un
i
f
orm
i
t
y
of
an
gu
l
ar
-
de
pe
nd
e
nt
c
orr
el
at
ed
c
ol
or
tem
pe
r
atu
r
e
an
d
c
hrom
ati
c
s
tab
i
l
i
t
y
[20
,
21
].
F
urtherm
ore,
the
c
orr
e
l
ate
d c
o
l
or tem
pe
r
atu
r
e
un
i
f
orm
i
t
y
c
ou
l
d
be
l
i
f
t
ed
to
a
hi
gh
er
de
gre
e
i
n
a f
ar f
i
el
d
pa
t
tern
tha
n
a
c
on
v
e
nt
i
on
al
on
e
,
whe
n
th
e
p
att
ern
ed
s
a
p
ph
i
r
e
s
ub
s
tr
ate
i
s
a
dd
ed
to
th
e
r
em
ote
ph
os
ph
or.
H
en
c
e,
f
or
ac
h
i
e
v
i
ng
the
b
ett
er
l
i
gh
t
o
utp
ut
of
LE
Ds
,
r
em
ote
ph
os
ph
or
wi
th
du
al
l
a
y
e
r
pa
c
k
ag
e
i
s
pro
po
s
ed
.
T
ho
ug
h
,
i
n
pre
v
i
ou
s
m
en
ti
o
ne
d
s
tu
di
es
,
th
e
c
ol
or
u
ni
f
orm
i
t
y
a
nd
the
o
utp
u
t
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
i
m
prov
e
m
en
t
of
W
LE
Ds
w
i
th
ph
os
ph
orus
r
em
ote
s
tr
u
c
ture
w
as
al
s
o
f
oc
us
ed
,
the
ex
pe
r
i
m
en
ts
wer
e
s
ti
l
l
c
arr
i
ed
ou
t
wi
th
t
he
s
i
n
gl
e
c
hi
p
W
LE
Ds
an
d
l
o
w
v
a
l
u
es
of
c
ol
or
tem
pe
r
atu
r
es
,
l
ea
d
i
ng
to
t
he
l
i
m
i
tat
i
o
ns
i
n
f
ul
f
i
l
l
i
n
g
th
ei
r
ob
j
ec
t
i
v
e.
B
es
i
de
s
,
r
a
i
s
i
ng
the
op
t
i
c
al
p
aram
ete
r
s
f
or
W
LE
D
s
wi
th
h
i
gh
er
c
o
l
or
te
m
pe
r
atu
r
e
i
s
a
c
om
pl
ex
i
s
s
ue
.
In
ad
di
t
i
o
n,
the
pr
ef
erenc
es
us
ed
to
c
om
pa
r
e
the
p
erf
or
m
an
c
e
of
di
f
f
erent
k
i
nd
s
of
du
al
-
l
a
y
er
ph
os
p
ho
r
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
on
s
ha
v
e
r
em
ai
ne
d
un
a
v
a
i
l
ab
l
e.
T
hu
s
,
the
c
ha
l
l
en
ge
r
ai
s
e
d
f
or
m
an
uf
ac
turer
s
i
s
h
o
w
to
de
t
erm
i
ne
the
m
os
t
op
ti
m
al
m
eth
od
f
or
the
c
o
l
or
qu
al
i
t
y
or
th
e
ou
tpu
t
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
en
ha
nc
em
en
t o
f
W
LE
Ds
.
W
hi
l
e
the
f
i
r
s
t
i
de
a
was
a
i
m
ed
to
th
e
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
of
th
e
gree
n
l
i
gh
t
c
om
po
ne
nt
i
n
W
LE
D
s
b
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g t
he
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
gree
n p
ho
s
ph
or l
a
y
er
i
n
order t
o p
r
om
ote
t
he
ph
ot
o
n e
m
i
s
s
i
on
,
i
n
the
s
ec
on
d
i
d
ea
,
t
he
a
pp
l
i
c
at
i
on
of
the
r
ed
ph
os
p
ho
r
i
c
l
a
y
er
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
s
erv
ed
the
p
urpos
e
of
ge
t
ti
n
g
th
e
am
ou
nt
of
r
ed
l
i
g
ht
c
om
po
ne
nt
i
n W
LE
Ds
grow
n,
f
r
om
whi
c
h
CR
I
an
d
CQ
S
r
ea
c
h
th
e
up
pe
r
l
e
v
e
l
.
A
d
di
ti
o
na
l
l
y
,
d
eta
i
l
e
d
de
s
c
r
i
pti
o
ns
of
the
c
he
m
i
c
al
c
om
po
s
i
ti
on
of
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
as
wel
l
as
th
ei
r
ef
f
ec
ts
on
the
op
t
i
c
al
prop
erti
es
of
W
L
E
Ds
are
al
s
o
i
nc
l
u
de
d
i
n
the
art
i
c
l
e.
A
c
c
ordi
n
g
t
o
t
he
r
es
ul
ts
f
r
o
m
the
arti
c
l
e,
t
he
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
i
n
CRI
a
nd
CQ
S
c
ou
l
d
be
as
s
ure
d
b
y
ad
di
n
g
t
he
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er.
N
on
et
he
l
es
s
,
as
m
en
ti
on
ed
a
bo
v
e,
t
he
c
o
nc
en
tr
at
i
on
of
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
an
d
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
s
ho
ul
d
be
c
on
tr
ol
l
ed
i
n
a
n
ap
pr
op
r
i
at
e
am
ou
nt
to
av
oi
d
s
ha
r
pl
y
de
c
l
i
ni
n
g
the
c
o
l
or
q
ua
l
i
t
y
or
the
ou
t
pu
t
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
s
ha
r
pl
y
,
whe
n
the
c
o
nc
en
tr
at
i
o
n
of
gree
n
or
r
ed
p
ho
s
ph
ors
i
s
l
i
f
ted
.
A
s
the
y
e
l
l
o
w
Y
A
G
:C
e
3+
ph
os
p
ho
r
l
a
y
e
r
i
s
ad
de
d
t
he
gr
ee
n
or
r
ed
p
ho
s
ph
or
l
a
y
er,
i
t
i
s
no
t
i
c
ed
tha
t
th
ere
are
two
u
ni
g
no
r
a
bl
e
di
f
f
erenc
e
s
.
F
i
r
s
t,
as
the
gree
n
or
r
ed
l
i
gh
t
gro
w
s
,
t
he
whi
t
e
l
i
gh
t
s
p
ec
tr
a
i
nc
r
ea
s
es
,
l
ea
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
a
dv
a
nc
e
of
c
ol
or
qu
al
i
t
y
.
S
e
c
on
d,
th
e
di
r
ec
t
i
o
n
of
the
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
o
n
of
ad
d
i
ti
on
a
l
ph
os
p
ho
r
s
d
ete
r
m
i
ne
s
the
s
c
att
erin
g
an
d
l
i
gh
t
tr
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
on
i
n
W
LE
Ds
.
T
he
r
ef
ore,
the
s
u
i
ta
bl
e
s
e
l
ec
ti
o
n
f
or
the
ph
os
ph
or
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
pl
a
y
s
a
c
r
uc
i
al
r
ol
e
i
n
m
ai
nta
i
ni
ng
the
p
ho
t
os
en
s
i
t
i
v
e p
erf
or
m
an
c
e o
f
W
LE
Ds
.
2.
P
r
ep
ar
atio
n
2.1
.
P
r
epar
atio
n
of
S
r
B
aS
iO
4
:
E
u
2+
and
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
P
a
r
t
icl
e
s
P
arti
c
l
es
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
and
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
,
a
t
y
p
e
of
y
e
l
l
o
w
-
gre
en
p
h
os
ph
or
f
a
m
ou
s
f
or
i
ts
r
em
ar
k
ab
l
e
f
ea
tures
i
nc
l
ud
i
ng
h
i
g
h
qu
an
tum
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
a
nd
s
tab
i
l
i
t
y
at
h
i
gh
tem
pe
r
atu
r
e,
ha
v
e
ga
i
ne
d
the
i
r
po
pu
l
arit
y
i
n
th
i
s
f
i
el
d.
F
urt
he
r
m
ore,
the
ap
p
l
i
c
at
i
on
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
and
Sr
w
F
x
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ate
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or'
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al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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L
KO
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69
3
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T
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r
w
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m
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ts
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ed
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i
gh
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at
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s
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ak
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el
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h
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nc
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ud
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n
g
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4
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97
,
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,
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2
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i
m
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l
a
r
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th
e
pres
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e
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on
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bs
orp
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s
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2
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T
he
r
ef
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ef
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s
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ore v
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T
o
be
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l
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ti
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n
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s
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th
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ph
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ph
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us
t
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v
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a
s
p
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tr
u
m
c
o
m
pa
ti
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l
e
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th
bl
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l
i
g
h
t
f
r
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m
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LE
D
c
h
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p,
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c
h
m
ea
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the
r
e
i
s
a
c
on
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i
s
ten
c
y
of
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ab
s
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pti
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pe
c
tr
a
of
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s
e
ph
os
ph
ors
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d
the
s
pe
c
tr
um
o
f
the
bl
ue
c
h
i
p.
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or
i
ns
tan
c
e,
t
he
ap
propr
i
ate
r
a
ng
e
f
or
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
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z
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u
2+
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m
2+
ab
s
orpti
on
s
p
ec
tr
um
to
ab
s
orb
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em
i
tte
d
l
i
gh
t
i
n
d
i
f
f
erent
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n
ds
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s
f
r
o
m
25
0
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to
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2
nm
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e
to
t
h
e
ex
i
s
te
nc
e
of
bo
t
h
em
i
tte
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bl
u
e
l
i
g
ht
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nd
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on
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ed
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e
l
l
o
w
l
i
gh
t
f
r
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m
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el
l
o
w
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ph
or
l
a
y
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S
i
m
i
l
arl
y
,
th
e
r
a
ng
e
of
ab
s
orpt
i
on
s
pe
c
tr
um
o
f
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:
Eu
2+
i
s
w
i
d
e,
f
r
om
3.
4 e
V
to
4.
8
8
eV
wi
th
o
v
er 7
0% a
bs
orpti
on
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
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F
or
the
pre
pa
r
at
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on
of
c
arr
y
i
n
g
ou
t
the
op
t
i
c
al
s
i
m
ul
ati
o
n
of
the
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
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u
2+
an
d
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
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u
2+
,
S
m
2+
c
o
m
p
on
en
ts
,
th
e
i
np
ut
pa
r
am
ete
r
s
i
nc
l
ud
i
ng
ph
os
ph
orus
c
on
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en
tr
at
i
on
,
s
i
z
e
of
p
ho
s
ph
or
pa
r
ti
c
l
es
,
ex
c
i
ta
ti
o
n
s
p
ec
tr
um
,
s
pe
c
tr
al
ab
s
orpt
i
o
n,
an
d
em
i
s
s
i
on
s
p
ec
tr
a
of
ph
os
ph
orus
s
ho
ul
d
b
e
e
x
ac
tl
y
s
e
t
b
y
c
o
nd
uc
t
i
ng
ex
pe
r
i
m
en
ts
.
A
m
on
g
t
ho
s
e
pa
r
am
ete
r
s
m
en
ti
on
ed
a
bo
v
e,
t
he
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
an
d
t
he
s
i
z
e
of
th
e
ph
os
p
ho
r
are
v
i
t
al
t
o
ge
t
the
be
s
t
c
o
l
or
an
d
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
of
LE
D.
In
f
ac
t,
the
pa
r
am
ete
r
s
of
s
pe
c
tr
u
m
are
c
on
s
tan
t.
B
as
ed
o
n
the
r
es
u
l
ts
of
af
orem
en
ti
o
ne
d
r
es
ea
r
c
he
s
,
t
he
ph
os
ph
oric
pa
r
t
i
c
l
es
wer
e
s
et
a
t
f
i
x
ed
v
a
l
ue
of
14
.5
μm
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n
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am
ete
r
.
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w
e
v
er,
t
he
r
e
w
as
an
ad
j
us
tm
e
nt
i
n
t
he
c
o
nc
en
tr
at
i
o
ns
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
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d
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
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S
m
2+
ph
os
ph
ors
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de
term
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ne
th
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ti
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um
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.
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o
f
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r
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en
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o
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r
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atio
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Du
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a
y
e
r
P
h
o
sph
o
r
Co
n
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igu
r
atio
n
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i
gu
r
e
1
(
a)
i
l
l
us
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ate
s
t
h
e
ac
tua
l
W
LE
Ds
w
i
th
9
i
nte
r
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E
D
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l
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n
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i
s
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r
c
h.
E
ac
h
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u
e
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h
i
p
h
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ou
tpu
t
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al
ue
of
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6
W
w
hi
c
h
r
ea
c
he
s
the
pe
ak
at
45
3
nm
.
In
F
i
gu
r
e
1
(
b),
th
ere
i
s
th
e
L
E
D
prof
i
l
e
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
at
i
on
s
’
d
eta
i
l
s
.
F
or
f
i
gu
r
i
ng
ou
t
t
he
op
ti
m
al
v
al
ue
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
an
d
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
c
on
c
en
tr
ati
on
,
the
r
em
ote
ph
os
p
ho
r
m
od
el
n
ee
d
to
be
c
on
s
tr
uc
ted
i
n
t
he
n
ex
t
s
tep
.
S
u
gg
es
t
i
on
s
f
or
the
r
em
ote
ph
os
ph
or
m
od
el
i
n
t
hi
s
s
tud
y
are
t
wo
m
od
el
s
of
green
-
y
e
l
l
o
w
d
ua
l
-
l
a
y
er
ph
os
ph
or
c
o
nf
i
g
urati
o
n
(
G
Y
C)
a
nd
r
e
d
-
y
e
l
l
o
w
du
al
-
l
a
y
e
r
ph
os
ph
or
c
on
f
i
gu
r
ati
on
(
R
Y
C)
.
In
the
G
Y
C
s
tr
uc
ture
,
the
r
e
are
t
wo
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
e
r
s
pl
ac
ed
on
the
bl
ue
c
h
i
ps
.
T
he
l
a
y
er
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
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u
2+
ph
os
ph
or
i
s
ab
o
v
e
th
e
y
e
l
l
o
w
Y
A
G
:
Ce
3+
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
i
l
l
us
tr
at
ed
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1
(
c
)
.
Dem
on
s
tr
ate
d
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1
(
d)
i
s
th
e
R
Y
C
s
tr
uc
ture,
c
on
s
i
s
ti
n
g
of
t
w
o
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
ers
c
o
v
eri
ng
t
he
bl
u
e
c
hi
ps
.
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
6,
D
ec
em
be
r
20
19
:
29
3
1
-
2939
2934
i
s
pu
t
o
n
t
he
y
e
l
l
o
w
Y
A
G
:C
e
3+
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er.
T
he
a
p
pl
i
c
a
ti
o
n
of
G
Y
C
an
d
R
Y
C
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
on
s
ai
m
s
at
the
en
h
an
c
em
en
t
of
the
c
o
l
or
a
nd
the
ou
t
pu
t
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
of
W
LE
Ds
r
es
ul
ti
ng
f
r
o
m
the
r
i
s
e
i
n
th
e
s
c
att
erin
g
an
d
c
om
po
s
i
ti
on
of
bo
t
h
gre
e
n
l
i
gh
t
a
nd
r
e
d
l
i
g
ht
i
n
W
LE
Ds
.
Ho
w
e
v
er,
the
c
o
m
pa
ti
b
l
e
c
al
i
brat
i
o
n
i
n
the
s
c
he
m
a
of
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
an
d
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
i
s
es
s
en
ti
al
to
c
arr
y
o
ut.
Le
ad
f
r
a
m
e:
4.7
m
m
J
en
tec
h S
i
z
e
-
S
LE
D c
h
i
p:
V
4
5H
Di
e
att
ac
h:
S
um
i
tom
o 1
29
5
S
A
G
ol
d
W
i
r
e:
1.0
m
i
l
P
ho
s
p
ho
r
: IT
C N
Y
A
G
4_
E
L
(
a)
(
b)
(
c
)
(
d)
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
I
l
l
us
tr
ati
on
of
pc
W
LE
Ds
: (a)
t
he
ac
t
ua
l
W
LE
D
s
an
d (b)
i
ts
pa
r
am
ete
r
s
;
(
c
)
i
l
l
us
tr
at
i
o
n o
f
G
Y
C,
an
d
(
d) R
Y
C
A
s
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2
,
the
o
pp
os
i
ti
on
i
n
t
he
c
ha
n
ge
of
the
ph
os
ph
or
c
on
c
en
tr
a
ti
o
n
be
twee
n
the
green
p
ho
s
ph
or
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
an
d
t
he
r
ed
ph
os
ph
or
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
,
i
n
ac
c
orda
nc
e
wi
th
th
e
y
e
l
l
o
w
p
ho
s
ph
or
Y
A
G
:C
e
3+
,
i
s
de
s
c
r
i
be
d.
T
hi
s
di
f
f
erenc
e
r
em
ai
ns
the
av
era
ge
CCT
s
ha
v
i
n
g
ef
f
ec
ts
on
the
s
c
att
erin
g
an
d
a
bs
orpti
on
of
two
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
ers
i
n
W
LE
Ds
,
r
es
ul
t
i
ng
i
n
un
a
v
o
i
da
bl
e
i
m
pa
c
ts
on
t
h
e
c
ol
or
qu
al
i
t
y
an
d
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
ge
n
erate
d
b
y
W
LE
Ds
.
T
he
r
ef
ore
,
the
f
ac
tor
de
c
i
di
n
g
th
e
c
ol
or
qu
al
i
t
y
of
W
LE
Ds
i
s
the
s
e
l
ec
ti
on
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
a
nd
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
s
.
W
he
n
r
ai
s
i
ng
t
he
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4:
E
u
2+
an
d
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
b
y
2
-
2
0%
w
t.
an
d
2
-
2
6%
w
t.,
Y
A
G
:Ce
3+
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
o
n
de
c
l
i
ne
d
to
m
ai
nt
ai
n
the
s
t
ab
i
l
i
t
y
of
th
e
av
erage
CCT
s
.
S
i
m
i
l
ar
to
W
LE
Ds
wi
th
d
i
f
f
erent
c
ol
or
tem
pe
r
atu
r
es
of
56
0
0
K
,
70
00
K
,
an
d
85
00
K
, t
hi
s
p
he
no
m
en
on
ha
s
th
e s
am
e wa
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g.
(
a)
(
b)
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
T
he
c
ha
ng
e
of
ph
os
ph
or c
on
c
e
ntrat
i
on
of
(
a)
G
Y
C an
d
(
b)
R
Y
C f
or k
ee
p
i
ng
the
av
erag
e CCT
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
T
he
us
ag
e o
f
du
al
-
l
ay
er r
e
mo
te
ph
os
p
ho
r
c
on
fi
g
urat
i
o
ns
… (
T
hu
c
Mi
nh
B
u
i
)
2935
F
i
gu
r
e
3
i
n
di
c
at
ed
tha
t
t
h
e
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
o
bv
i
ou
s
l
y
i
nf
l
u
en
c
es
the
tr
a
ns
m
i
tta
nc
e
s
pe
c
tr
u
m
o
f
W
LE
Ds
.
I
f
the
W
LE
Ds
are
ex
pe
c
t
ed
t
o
b
e
pro
du
c
ed
wi
th
h
i
gh
c
ol
or
qu
a
l
i
t
y
,
th
ei
r
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
s
ho
ul
d
b
e
al
l
o
wed
to
be
r
e
du
c
ed
i
n
a
s
m
al
l
am
ou
nt.
In
th
e
t
wo
r
an
g
es
42
0
-
48
0
nm
an
d
5
00
-
64
0
nm
of
l
i
gh
t,
a
r
i
s
e
i
n
the
i
nt
en
s
i
t
y
i
s
l
i
k
el
y
t
o
a
pp
ea
r
wi
th
t
he
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
of
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
f
or
m
i
ng
a
pro
of
of
the
i
nt
en
s
i
f
i
c
ati
on
i
n
th
e
ph
o
ton
em
i
s
s
i
on
.
A
dd
i
ti
on
al
l
y
,
th
e
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
i
n
th
e
bl
u
e
-
l
i
gh
t
s
c
att
er
i
ng
i
n
W
LE
D
ad
v
an
c
es
t
he
de
gre
e
of
the
s
c
att
eri
ng
i
n
th
e
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er
an
d
i
n
W
LE
Ds
,
w
h
i
c
h
b
en
ef
i
ts
the
c
o
l
or
un
i
f
orm
i
t
y
as
a
r
es
ul
t.
T
he
r
ef
ore,
th
i
s
r
e
s
ul
t
po
i
nte
d
o
ut
th
e
i
m
po
r
tan
c
e
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
on
.
B
es
i
de
s
,
the
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
i
n
r
ed
l
i
gh
t
s
pe
c
tr
um
,
fr
o
m
64
8
nm
to
7
38
nm
w
i
t
h
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2
+
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
,
c
an
b
e
ea
s
i
l
y
r
ea
l
i
z
e
d.
Y
et
,
t
hi
s
c
h
an
g
e
i
s
i
ns
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t,
i
f
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
um
of
tw
o
r
an
g
e
s
4
20
-
48
0
nm
an
d
50
0
-
6
40
nm
i
s
no
t
i
n
a
n
up
w
ard
tr
en
d
.
Not
i
c
ea
bl
y
,
the
s
pe
c
tr
um
i
m
prov
em
en
t
of
42
0
-
4
80
nm
l
i
f
ts
the
b
l
ue
-
l
i
gh
t
s
c
at
teri
ng
h
i
gh
er.
If
th
e
c
o
l
or
tem
pe
r
atu
r
e
i
s
hi
g
he
r
,
the
em
i
s
s
i
on
s
p
ec
tr
a
b
ec
om
es
hi
gh
er
a
nd
l
e
a
ds
to
th
e
b
ett
er
pe
r
f
orm
an
c
e
i
n
c
o
l
or
an
d
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
.
Henc
e,
thi
s
r
es
ul
t
prov
ed
th
e
v
i
tal
r
o
l
e
of
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
.
A
s
m
an
ag
i
n
g
the
c
o
l
or
qu
al
i
t
y
W
LE
Ds
ha
s
b
ee
n
f
ac
i
ng
m
an
y
o
b
s
tac
l
es
,
b
ut
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
ha
s
an
ou
ts
tan
di
ng
ab
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
m
ag
ni
f
y
i
ng
t
he
c
o
l
or
q
ua
l
i
t
y
o
f
W
LE
Ds
w
i
th
ou
t
c
o
nc
ern
i
ng
l
o
w
c
ol
or
tem
pe
r
atu
r
e (560
0 K
)
or hi
gh
c
ol
or tem
pe
r
atu
r
e (8
50
0
K
)
.
F
i
gu
r
e
3.
E
m
i
s
s
i
on
s
pe
c
tr
a
of
G
Y
Cs
a
nd
R
Y
Cs
a
t th
e a
v
erag
e CCT
s
of
56
00
K
,
70
00
K
an
d
85
0
0 K
,
i
n t
urn
are s
ho
wn i
n (a,b), (
c
,d), (
e
,f
)
r
es
pe
c
ti
v
el
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
6,
D
ec
em
be
r
20
19
:
29
3
1
-
2939
2936
3.
Co
mp
u
t
atio
n
and
Di
sc
u
ss
ion
In
th
i
s
s
tud
y
,
to
ev
al
u
ate
the
d
eg
r
ee
of
ac
c
urate
c
o
l
ors
of
ob
j
ec
ts
pe
r
f
or
m
ed
du
r
i
n
g
the
t
i
m
e
l
i
gh
ti
n
g,
t
he
c
o
l
or
r
en
de
r
i
ng
i
n
de
x
i
s
us
ed
.
T
he
i
m
ba
l
an
c
e
am
on
g
thr
ee
m
ai
n
c
ol
ors
:
bl
u
e,
y
e
l
l
o
w
,
an
d
green
oc
c
urs
as
the
green
l
i
g
ht
c
o
m
po
ne
nt
i
nc
r
ea
s
e,
l
ea
di
ng
to
the
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e
on
th
e
c
ol
or
qu
a
l
i
t
y
of
W
LE
Ds
,
an
d
t
he
n
r
e
du
c
e
t
he
ac
c
urac
y
i
n
ge
n
erate
d
c
ol
ors
of
W
LE
Ds
.
A
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
4
,
th
e
r
es
ul
ts
i
nd
i
c
ate
d
tha
t
th
e
CRI
de
c
l
i
n
es
whe
n
t
he
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
r
em
ote
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
e
r
pres
e
nts
.
None
t
he
l
es
s
,
i
f
c
om
pa
r
ed
to
CQ
S
,
whi
c
h
i
s
m
ore
c
r
uc
i
al
a
nd
f
ac
es
m
ore
s
tr
ug
gl
es
i
n
e
nh
a
nc
i
n
g,
th
i
s
r
es
ul
t
of
CRI
i
s
ac
c
e
pta
b
l
e.
A
c
c
ordi
ng
to
F
i
gu
r
e
5,
CQ
S
i
s
s
ti
l
l
s
tab
l
e
w
i
th
t
he
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
c
on
c
e
ntrat
i
on
i
s
l
es
s
tha
n
8%.
T
he
r
ef
ore,
an
i
d
ea
l
am
ou
nt
of
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
f
or
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
ph
os
ph
or
to
b
e
pe
r
f
e
c
tl
y
ap
pl
i
e
d
i
n
W
LE
Ds
produc
ti
o
n
i
s
8%,
af
ter the
em
i
s
s
i
on
f
l
ux
i
s
c
o
ns
i
de
r
e
d.
(
a)
(
b)
F
i
gu
r
e
4.
T
he
c
ol
or r
en
d
eri
ng
i
nd
ex
as
a
f
un
c
ti
o
n o
f
th
e c
on
c
en
tr
a
ti
on
of
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
a
nd
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
: (
a
)
G
Y
C
a
nd
(
b
)
R
Y
C
(
a)
(
b)
F
i
gu
r
e
5.
T
he
c
ol
or qu
al
i
t
y
s
c
al
e
as
a
f
un
c
t
i
on
of
th
e c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
o
n o
f
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
and
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
: (
a
)
G
Y
C
a
nd
(
b
)
R
Y
C
F
r
o
m
F
i
gu
r
e
4
,
th
e
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
ph
os
ph
or
c
on
c
e
ntrat
i
on
c
au
s
es
the
c
o
l
orim
etri
c
i
nd
ex
t
o
go
up
at
al
l
av
erage
CCT
s
.
T
hi
s
ph
e
no
m
en
on
oc
c
urs
du
e
to
the
a
bs
orpt
i
on
proc
es
s
of
r
ed
p
ho
s
ph
or.
W
he
n
the
b
l
u
e
l
i
gh
t
f
r
o
m
the
LE
D
c
hi
p
i
s
ab
s
orbed
b
y
the
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
Eu
2+
,
S
m
2+
p
ho
s
ph
or,
the
y
are
c
on
v
ert
ed
i
n
to
r
ed
l
i
gh
ts
b
y
t
he
r
ed
ph
os
ph
or
pa
r
ti
c
l
es
c
on
v
ert.
N
ot
on
l
y
t
he
b
l
ue
l
i
g
ht,
bu
t
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
pa
r
ti
c
l
es
a
l
s
o
ab
s
orb
the
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
gh
t.
H
o
w
e
v
er,
the
ab
s
orp
ti
o
n
of
the
b
l
u
e
l
i
gh
t
b
y
th
e
L
E
D
c
hi
p
i
s
s
tr
on
ge
r
t
ha
n
the
oth
er
b
ec
au
s
e
of
th
e
ab
s
orp
ti
o
n
prop
erti
es
of
the
m
ate
r
i
al
.
T
he
r
ef
ore,
a
h
i
gh
er
c
o
l
or
r
en
de
r
i
ng
i
nd
ex
(
CRI)
c
an
be
ac
hi
ev
ed
,
when
th
e
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
i
s
ad
de
d
an
d
the
n
ge
ts
the
r
ed
l
i
gh
t
c
om
po
ne
n
t
i
n
W
LE
Ds
r
i
s
en
.
A
s
the
i
m
po
r
tan
c
e
of
the
c
ol
or
r
en
d
erin
g
i
n
de
x
i
n
s
el
ec
ti
ng
W
LE
D
the
s
e
da
y
s
,
i
t
i
s
ob
v
i
ou
s
th
at
the
h
i
gh
er
de
gree
of
the
c
ol
or
r
en
de
r
i
ng
i
nd
ex
r
es
ul
ts
i
n
t
he
hi
g
he
r
pric
e
of
w
h
i
te
l
i
g
ht
W
LE
D.
Ho
wev
er,
t
he
pr
od
uc
t
i
on
c
os
t
wi
l
l
be
s
a
v
e
d
i
f
the
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
p
ho
s
ph
or
i
s
ap
pl
i
ed
i
n
W
LE
Ds
f
ab
r
i
c
ati
o
n.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
T
he
us
ag
e o
f
du
al
-
l
ay
er r
e
mo
te
ph
os
p
ho
r
c
on
fi
g
urat
i
o
ns
… (
T
hu
c
Mi
nh
B
u
i
)
2937
In
th
i
s
w
a
y
,
th
e
a
pp
l
i
c
at
i
on
of
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
i
n
W
LE
Ds
m
an
uf
ac
tures
c
ou
l
d
be
wi
de
n.
Ho
wev
er,
to
g
i
v
e
th
e
be
s
t
ev
al
ua
t
i
on
of
the
c
o
l
or
qu
a
l
i
t
y
of
W
LE
Ds
,
i
t
i
s
no
t
j
us
t
ba
s
ed
on
the
CRI,
w
h
i
c
h
m
ea
ns
w
h
en
a
W
LE
D
ha
s
a
go
od
c
ol
or
qu
al
i
t
y
,
i
ts
c
ol
or
r
en
d
e
r
i
ng
i
nd
ex
do
es
no
t
ne
ed
to
b
e
hi
gh
.
He
nc
e
,
a
ne
w
pa
r
am
ete
r
k
no
w
n
a
s
c
ol
or
qu
al
i
t
y
s
c
a
l
e
(
CQ
S
)
i
s
m
en
ti
on
ed
as
a
n
e
w
pr
op
os
a
l
i
n
t
hi
s
arti
c
l
e.
CQ
S
i
s
a
m
etri
c
s
y
s
tem
de
f
i
ne
d
b
y
thre
e
f
ac
tors
:
the
c
o
l
or
i
nd
ex
,
the
v
i
e
wer
's
pref
erenc
e,
an
d
th
e
c
ol
or
c
oo
r
di
na
tes
.
Due
to
us
i
ng
the
s
e
thr
ee
k
e
y
f
ac
tors
,
CQ
S
ha
s
be
c
om
e
a
s
up
erio
r
m
etri
c
tha
t
c
an
as
c
ertai
n
the
ov
eral
l
c
ol
or
qu
al
i
t
y
of
W
LE
Ds
.
In
F
i
gu
r
e
5
,
i
t
i
s
i
l
l
us
tr
at
ed
t
he
CQ
S
i
nc
r
ea
s
es
w
h
en
t
he
r
e
i
s
th
e
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
r
e
m
ote
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er,
es
pe
c
i
al
l
y
,
a
s
tr
on
g
gro
w
th
i
n
t
he
CQ
S
oc
c
urs
when
the
c
o
nc
en
tr
at
i
on
of
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
r
i
s
es
.
It
i
s
un
de
ni
a
bl
e
th
at
th
e
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
ph
os
ph
or
c
an
l
i
f
t
the
whi
t
e
l
i
g
ht
q
u
al
i
t
y
of
W
LE
D
s
to
hi
g
he
r
de
gree
w
i
th
d
ua
l
-
l
a
y
er
ph
os
ph
or
s
tr
u
c
tures
,
w
h
i
c
h
s
e
em
s
to
r
ea
c
h
the
e
dg
e
of
the
ob
j
ec
ti
v
e
of
th
e
r
es
e
ar
c
h,
c
ol
or
q
ua
l
i
t
y
en
h
an
c
em
en
t.
O
n
t
he
oth
er
h
an
d
,
t
h
e
dra
wbac
k
i
n
the
ou
tp
ut
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
of
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
s
ho
ul
d
n
ot
b
e
i
gn
ored
.
I
n
th
i
s
s
ec
ti
o
n,
the
m
ath
em
ati
c
al
m
od
el
of
the
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
d
bl
u
e
l
i
gh
t
a
nd
c
on
v
erted
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
g
ht
i
n
the
do
ub
l
e
-
l
a
y
er
p
ho
s
ph
or
s
tr
uc
ture
wi
l
l
be
ex
pres
s
ed
an
d
de
m
on
s
tr
ate
d,
b
as
ed
on
w
h
i
c
h
i
t
i
s
ab
l
e t
o
ge
t
th
e L
E
D
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
grea
tl
y
h
ei
gh
te
n.
T
he
ex
pres
s
i
on
s
of
th
e t
r
an
s
m
i
tte
d b
l
ue
l
i
gh
t
an
d
c
on
v
ert
ed
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
gh
t
f
or
s
i
ng
l
e
l
a
y
er
r
em
ote
ph
o
s
ph
or
pa
c
k
ag
e
wi
th
t
he
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er
thi
c
k
ne
s
s
of
2
h
are s
ho
wn
as
be
l
o
w
:
1
=
0
×
−
2
1
ℎ
(
1)
1
=
1
2
1
×
0
1
−
1
(
−
2
1
ℎ
−
−
2
1
ℎ
)
(
2)
t
he
tr
a
ns
m
i
tte
d
bl
ue
l
i
gh
t
a
nd
c
on
v
ert
ed
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
g
ht
f
or
do
u
bl
e
l
a
y
e
r
r
em
ote
ph
o
s
ph
or
pa
c
k
ag
e
wi
th
the
ph
os
p
ho
r
l
a
y
er th
i
c
k
ne
s
s
o
f
h
are ex
pres
s
ed
a
s
:
2
=
0
×
−
2
2
ℎ
(
3)
2
=
1
2
2
×
0
2
−
2
(
−
2
2
ℎ
−
−
2
2
ℎ
)
(
4)
In
the
s
e
ex
pres
s
i
o
ns
,
h
i
s
the
thi
c
k
ne
s
s
of
ea
c
h
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er.
T
he
s
ub
s
c
r
i
pts
“
1”
an
d
“
2”
i
l
l
us
tr
at
e
the
s
i
n
gl
e
l
a
y
er
an
d
do
u
bl
e
-
l
a
y
er
r
em
ote
ph
os
p
ho
r
pa
c
k
ag
e.
β
i
nd
i
c
ate
s
the
c
o
nv
ers
i
on
c
oe
f
f
i
c
i
en
t
f
or
b
l
ue
l
i
g
ht
c
o
nv
erti
n
g
t
o
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
gh
t,
an
d
γ
pres
en
t
s
the
r
ef
l
ec
ti
o
n
c
oe
f
f
i
c
i
en
t
of
the
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
g
ht.
PB
0
ex
pres
s
es
the
l
i
g
ht
i
nte
ns
i
ti
es
of
bl
ue
l
i
g
ht
(
PB
)
an
d
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
g
ht
(
PY
)
f
r
o
m
bl
ue
L
E
D
.
α
B
;
α
Y
de
s
c
r
i
be
t
he
f
r
ac
ti
o
ns
of
the
en
erg
y
l
os
s
of
bl
ue
an
d
y
e
l
l
o
w
l
i
g
hts
du
r
i
ng
th
e
i
r
pro
pa
g
ati
on
i
n t
h
e p
ho
s
ph
or l
a
y
er r
e
s
pe
c
ti
v
el
y
.
In
c
om
pa
r
i
s
on
wi
th
t
he
s
i
n
gl
e
l
a
y
er
s
tr
uc
tur
e,
t
he
d
ou
bl
e
-
l
a
y
er
p
ho
s
ph
or
s
tr
uc
tur
e
c
an
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
tl
y
i
m
prov
e
the
l
i
g
hti
n
g e
f
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
of
pc
-
LE
Ds
:
(
2
+
2
)
−
(
1
+
1
)
1
+
1
>
0
(
5)
whi
l
e
th
e
M
i
e
-
the
or
y
[
22
,
23
]
i
s
a
pp
l
i
e
d
i
n
an
a
l
y
z
i
n
g
t
he
s
c
att
er
i
ng
of
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
ph
os
ph
or
p
arti
c
l
e
,
a
nd
c
a
l
c
ul
at
i
ng
the
s
c
att
eri
ng
c
r
o
s
s
s
ec
ti
on
C
sca
f
or
s
ph
eric
al
pa
r
ti
c
l
es
as
the
ex
pres
s
i
on
be
l
o
w
,
th
e
La
m
be
r
t
-
B
ee
r
l
a
w
[24
,
2
5]
i
s
us
ed
to
c
om
pu
te
d
t
he
tr
a
ns
m
i
tte
d
l
i
g
ht
p
o
w
er:
I=
I
0
ex
p(
-
µ
e
x
t
L)
(
6)
In
w
h
i
c
h,
I
0
pres
e
nts
th
e
i
n
c
i
de
nt
l
i
gh
t
p
o
w
er,
L
i
nd
i
c
a
tes
the
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er
thi
c
k
ne
s
s
(
m
m
)
an
d
µ
e
x
t
i
s
de
s
c
r
i
be
d
as
the
ex
ti
nc
t
i
on
c
o
ef
f
i
c
i
en
t,
w
h
i
c
h
c
an
be
s
h
o
w
n
as
:
µ
e
xt
=
N
r
.C
e
x
t
,
where
N
r
i
s
k
no
wn
as
th
e
nu
m
be
r
de
ns
i
t
y
d
i
s
tr
i
b
uti
o
n
of
p
arti
c
l
es
(
m
m
-
3
)
,
an
d
C
e
x
t
(
m
m
2
)
i
s
the
ex
t
i
nc
ti
on
c
r
os
s
-
s
ec
ti
on
of
ph
os
ph
or part
i
c
l
es
.
O
bv
i
ou
s
l
y
,
f
r
om
(
5),
the
du
al
-
l
a
y
er
r
em
ote
ph
os
ph
or
c
an
ge
ne
r
at
e
the
be
tt
er
l
i
gh
t
ou
tpu
t
of
W
LE
Ds
tha
n
th
e
s
i
ng
l
e
-
l
a
y
er
ph
os
ph
or.
H
en
c
e,
th
i
s
arti
c
l
e
gi
v
es
an
ex
p
l
i
c
i
t
pi
e
c
e
of
e
v
i
de
nc
e
ab
ou
t
t
he
ou
t
pu
t
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
es
s
of
the
du
al
-
l
a
y
er
r
em
ote
p
ho
s
ph
or
l
a
y
er.
B
es
i
de
s
,
th
e
a
tta
i
ni
ng
em
i
s
s
i
on
s
tr
on
gl
y
r
os
e
a
s
the
i
nc
r
e
as
e
f
r
o
m
2%
w
t.
to
2
0%
w
t
i
n
t
he
c
o
nc
en
tr
at
i
on
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
6,
D
ec
em
be
r
20
19
:
29
3
1
-
2939
2938
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
Eu
2+
ap
p
ea
r
e
d,
as
i
l
l
us
tr
at
ed
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
5
.
W
he
r
ea
s
,
the
c
o
nc
en
tr
at
i
on
of
the
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
e
r
i
nf
l
ue
nc
e
d
the
du
al
-
l
a
y
e
r
r
em
ote
p
ho
s
ph
or
do
or.
E
s
pe
c
i
a
l
l
y
,
ba
s
ed
on
t
he
La
m
be
r
t
-
B
ee
r
l
a
w,
th
e
att
e
nu
at
i
on
c
o
ef
f
i
c
i
en
t
μ
e
x
t
i
s
i
n
prop
orti
o
n
to
the
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
o
n
ex
c
ep
t
the
r
a
ti
o
of
l
i
g
ht
to
en
er
g
y
.
T
hu
s
,
w
h
en
f
i
r
m
l
y
att
ac
h
i
ng
t
he
th
i
c
k
ne
s
s
of
bo
th
p
ho
s
p
ho
r
l
a
y
ers
of
W
LE
Ds
to
a
s
p
ec
i
f
i
c
v
a
l
ue
,
t
he
i
nc
r
e
as
e
i
n
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
c
on
c
e
ntrati
on
c
an
de
c
r
ea
s
e
t
h
e p
ho
to
n e
m
i
s
s
i
on
.
F
i
gu
r
e
6
pres
en
t
ed
a
tr
en
d
of
de
c
l
i
ne
i
n
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
at
ov
eral
l
thre
e
a
v
era
g
e
CCT
s
wi
th
the
pres
en
c
e
of
the
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
c
on
c
en
t
r
ati
on
.
It
c
an
b
e
e
as
i
l
y
r
ea
l
i
z
ed
tha
t
w
h
en
the
c
o
nc
en
tr
at
i
o
n
of
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
i
s
l
i
f
ted
up
to
2
6%,
the
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
ex
po
s
ed
i
n
a
l
arge
de
c
r
ea
s
e.
Ne
v
erthe
l
es
s
,
i
f
the
be
n
ef
i
ts
of
the
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
ph
os
ph
or
l
a
y
er
i
nc
l
u
di
ng
C
RI
a
nd
CQ
S
i
m
prov
e
m
en
t,
al
on
g
wi
th
hi
g
he
r
f
l
ux
f
r
om
the
du
a
l
-
l
a
y
er
r
em
ote
ph
os
ph
or
c
om
pa
r
ed
to
th
e
s
i
n
gl
e
-
l
a
y
er
p
ho
s
ph
or
l
a
y
e
r
(
wi
tho
ut
t
he
r
e
d
p
ho
s
ph
or
l
a
y
er)
are
tak
en
i
nt
o
c
o
ns
i
de
r
ati
on
,
thi
s
do
w
n
war
d
tr
en
d
i
s
a
bs
ol
ut
el
y
ac
c
ep
ta
bl
e.
T
he
l
ef
t
i
s
s
ue
i
s
the
ap
propr
i
ate
am
ou
nt
of
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
c
on
c
en
tr
ati
on
w
h
i
c
h
de
pe
nd
s
on
t
he
i
n
ten
t
i
o
n
of
m
an
uf
ac
turer
s
w
he
n
produ
c
e t
hi
s
W
E
LDs
i
n a
l
arge
q
ua
nt
i
t
y
.
(
a)
(
b)
F
i
gu
r
e
6.
T
he
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
as
a
f
un
c
ti
o
n o
f
th
e
c
on
c
en
tr
ati
o
n o
f
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4:
E
u2
+
a
nd
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u2
+
,
S
m
2+
: (
a
)
G
Y
C; (
b
)
R
Y
C
4.
Co
n
clus
ion
In
bri
ef
,
thi
s
r
es
ea
r
c
h
p
a
pe
r
gi
v
e
a
d
eta
i
l
e
d
d
em
o
ns
tr
ati
o
n
on
ho
w
S
r
B
aS
i
O
4
:E
u
2+
ph
os
ph
or
an
d
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
i
m
pa
c
t
CRI,
CQ
S
,
an
d
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
of
du
al
-
l
a
y
er
p
ho
s
p
ho
r
s
tr
uc
tures
.
B
y
ap
pl
y
i
ng
the
M
i
e's
s
c
att
er
i
ng
t
he
or
y
an
d
th
e
La
m
be
r
t
-
B
ee
r
l
a
w,
t
he
arti
c
l
e
ha
s
c
on
s
ol
i
da
t
ed
th
e
s
el
ec
t
i
o
n
of
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
i
n
ad
v
an
c
i
ng
th
e
c
ol
or
q
ua
l
i
t
y
,
w
h
i
l
e
c
ho
os
i
ng
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
i
s
c
on
s
i
de
r
as
an
ap
pro
ac
h
i
n
i
nn
o
v
at
i
ng
W
LE
Ds
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
ap
pl
i
e
d
f
or
bo
th
l
o
w
c
ol
or
tem
pe
r
atu
r
e
of
56
00
K
an
d
h
i
g
h
c
ol
or
t
em
pe
r
atu
r
es
ab
o
v
e
8
50
0
K
W
LE
Ds
.
T
he
r
ef
ore,
the
ou
tc
om
es
f
r
o
m
thi
s
s
tud
y
ha
v
e
r
e
ac
h
the
p
urpos
e
of
the
i
m
prov
e
m
en
t
i
n
the
c
ol
o
r
qu
a
l
i
t
y
of
whi
t
e
l
i
gh
t
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
c
on
s
i
d
ered
as
a
c
om
pl
ex
c
ha
l
l
e
n
ge
to
t
he
r
em
ote
-
ph
os
p
ho
r
s
tr
uc
ture.
Y
et
,
the
dr
a
w
ba
c
k
r
el
at
ed
t
o
t
he
em
i
s
s
i
on
of
th
e
f
l
ux
s
t
i
l
l
ex
i
ts
,
w
h
i
c
h
c
an
be
de
s
c
r
i
be
d
th
at
i
f
the
S
r
B
a
S
i
O
4
:
E
u
2+
or
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,S
m
2+
r
ap
i
dl
y
i
nc
r
e
as
e,
the
c
o
l
or
q
ua
l
i
t
y
or
l
um
i
no
us
f
l
ux
wi
l
l
s
ho
w
a
s
h
arp
d
ec
l
i
ne
.
T
hu
s
,
i
t
i
s
ex
tr
em
el
y
v
i
ta
l
to
d
ec
i
de
an
ap
propr
i
ate
c
on
c
en
tr
at
i
on
.
B
as
ed
o
n
t
he
go
a
l
s
t
ha
t
m
an
uf
ac
turer
s
de
s
i
r
e
to
a
c
hi
e
v
e,
the
y
c
ou
l
d
r
ef
er
t
o
the
i
nf
or
m
ati
on
prov
i
de
d i
n t
h
i
s
pa
pe
r
t
o m
a
k
e t
he
be
s
t
de
c
i
s
i
on
, s
o
th
at
be
tte
r
q
ua
l
i
t
y
W
LE
Ds
c
an
be
prod
uc
ed
.
A
c
kno
w
ledg
ement
s
T
hi
s
r
es
ea
r
c
h
w
as
s
up
po
r
t
ed
b
y
Nat
i
on
al
K
e
y
La
brol
a
tor
y
of
Di
g
i
ta
l
C
on
tr
o
l
a
nd
S
y
s
tem
E
ng
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g (DC
S
E
LA
B
)
, H
CMUT
, V
NU
-
HC
M.
Ref
er
en
ce
s
[1
]
L
i
CN
,
Rao
HB,
Zh
a
n
g
W
,
Zh
o
u
CY
,
Zh
a
n
g
Q
,
Zh
a
n
g
K.
Se
l
f
-
Ad
a
p
ti
v
e
Con
f
o
rm
a
l
–
Re
m
o
t
e
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
r
Coa
ti
n
g
o
f
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
r
-
Con
v
e
rt
e
d
W
h
i
te
L
i
g
h
t
Em
i
tt
i
n
g
Di
o
d
e
s
.
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Dis
p
l
a
y
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
2
0
1
6
;
1
2
(9
):
9
4
6
-
9
5
0
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
T
he
us
ag
e o
f
du
al
-
l
ay
er r
e
mo
te
ph
os
p
ho
r
c
on
fi
g
urat
i
o
ns
… (
T
hu
c
Mi
nh
B
u
i
)
2939
[2
]
ND
Q
,
L
e
PX
,
L
e
e
HY
.
Se
l
e
c
ti
o
n
o
f
a
Re
m
o
t
e
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
r
C
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
t
o
En
h
a
n
c
e
th
e
Col
o
r
Qua
l
i
ty
o
f
W
h
i
te
L
EDs
.
Cur
re
n
t
O
p
ti
c
s
a
n
d
Ph
o
t
o
n
i
c
s
.
2
0
1
9
;
3
(
1
):
7
8
-
8
5
.
[3
]
L
i
ZT
,
W
a
n
g
HY
,
Y
u
BH,
D
i
n
g
X
R,
T
a
n
g
Y
.
Hig
h
-
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
L
ED
CO
B
d
e
v
i
c
e
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
d
i
c
e
d
V
-
s
h
a
p
e
d
p
a
tt
e
r
n
a
n
d
re
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r.
Chi
n
e
s
e
Opt
i
c
s
L
e
tt
e
rs
.
2
0
1
7
;
1
5
(4
)
.
[4
]
T
i
n
T
P,
Nha
n
NH
K,
M
i
n
h
T
HQ
,
L
e
e
HY
.
Red
-
e
m
i
tt
i
n
g
α
-
SrO
·
3
B
2
O
3
:Sm
2+
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
r
f
o
r
W
L
ED
L
a
m
p
s
:
Nov
e
l
L
i
g
h
ti
n
g
Pro
p
e
r
ti
e
s
w
i
th
Tw
o
-
l
a
y
e
r
Rem
o
te
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
r
Pa
c
k
a
g
e
.
Curr
e
n
t
O
p
t
i
c
s
a
n
d
Ph
o
to
n
i
c
s
.
2
0
1
7
;
1
(4
):
3
8
9
-
395.
[5
]
Nha
n
NH
K,
M
i
n
h
T
HQ
,
T
a
n
NN
,
Vo
z
n
a
k
M
.
Bi
-
l
a
y
e
r
s
Re
d
-
e
m
i
tt
i
n
g
Sr
2
Si
5
N
8
:Eu
2+
P
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
a
n
d
Y
e
l
l
o
w
-
e
m
i
tt
i
n
g
Y
AG
:Ce
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
r:
A
New
Ap
p
ro
a
c
h
fo
r
Im
p
ro
v
i
n
g
th
e
Col
o
r
Ren
d
e
ri
n
g
I
n
d
e
x
o
f
th
e
Rem
o
te
Ph
o
s
p
h
o
r
Pa
c
k
a
g
i
n
g
W
L
ED
s
.
Curr
e
n
t
O
p
t
i
c
s
a
n
d
P
h
o
to
n
i
c
s
.
2
0
1
7
;
1
(6
):
6
1
3
-
617.
[6
]
Y
i
n
g
SP,
Sh
e
n
J
Y
.
Con
c
e
n
tri
c
ri
n
g
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
g
e
o
m
e
try
o
n
th
e
l
u
m
i
n
o
u
s
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
w
h
i
te
-
light
-
e
m
i
tt
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
w
i
th
e
x
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
c
o
l
o
r
re
n
d
e
ri
n
g
p
ro
p
e
rty
.
O
p
ti
c
s
L
e
tt
e
r
s
.
2
0
1
6
:
4
1
(9
)
:
1989
-
1
9
9
2
.
[7
]
Chi
a
n
g
CH
,
T
s
a
i
HY
,
Zh
a
n
T
S,
L
i
n
HY
,
Fa
n
g
Y
C,
Chu
SY
.
Eff
e
c
ts
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
d
i
s
tr
i
b
u
ti
o
n
a
n
d
s
te
p
-
i
n
d
e
x
re
m
o
t
e
c
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
t
i
o
n
o
n
th
e
p
e
rfo
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
w
h
i
te
l
i
g
h
t
-
e
m
i
tt
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
.
O
p
t
i
c
s
L
e
tt
e
rs
.
2
0
1
5
;
4
0
(1
2
):
2
8
3
0
-
2
8
3
3
.
[8
]
Y
u
SD,
L
i
ZT
,
L
i
a
n
g
G
W
,
T
a
n
g
Y
,
Y
u
BH,
Che
n
KH.
An
g
u
l
a
r
c
o
l
o
r
u
n
i
f
o
rm
i
ty
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
w
h
i
t
e
light
-
e
m
i
tt
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
b
y
re
m
o
te
m
i
c
ro
-
p
a
tt
e
r
n
e
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
fi
l
m
.
P
h
o
to
n
i
c
s
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
2
0
1
6
;
4
(
4
)
:
140
-
1
4
5
.
[9
]
J
e
o
n
S
W
,
Ki
m
SH,
Ch
o
i
J
N,
J
a
n
g
IS,
So
n
g
Y
H,
Ki
m
W
H
,
Ki
m
J
P.
O
p
t
i
c
a
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X
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n
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1
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L
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2
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Sh
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3
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M
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4
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Niz
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5
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6
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7
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Si
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2
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8
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L
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):
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4
6
.
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9
]
Pa
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2
0
1
2
;
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0
(9
) 1
0
2
1
8
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1
0
2
2
8
.
[2
0
]
O
h
J
H,
Ka
n
g
HJ
,
Ko
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,
Do
Y
R.
An
a
l
y
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a
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EDs
f
o
r L
CD
b
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k
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O
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s
Ex
p
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s
.
2
0
1
5
;
2
3
(
1
5
):
A
7
9
1
-
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0
4
.
[2
1
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Y
i
n
g
SP,
Fu
HK,
T
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HZ.
Cu
rv
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d
re
m
o
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p
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p
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tru
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w
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.
Ap
p
l
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d
Opt
i
c
s
.
2
0
1
4
;
5
3
(2
9
)
:
H16
0
-
H16
4
.
[2
2
]
W
a
n
g
M
T
,
Hua
n
g
J
M
.
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c
u
ra
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c
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ro
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Ex
p
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s
.
2
0
1
5
;
2
3
(9
):
1
1
5
7
6
-
1
1
5
8
5
.
[2
3
]
Ki
m
SN,
Iq
b
a
l
F,
Ki
m
HS.
Rel
a
ti
o
n
s
h
i
p
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tw
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p
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p
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m
a
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p
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in
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g
l
a
s
s
.
Ap
p
l
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e
d
Opt
i
c
s
.
2
0
1
7
;
5
6
(3
4
):
9
4
7
7
-
9
4
8
3
.
[2
4
]
G
a
rl
i
c
k
G
F
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,
G
i
b
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F.
T
h
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o
to
-
Con
d
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P
h
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p
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s
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J
o
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rn
a
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f
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O
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So
c
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ty
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f
Am
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ri
c
a
.
1
9
4
9
;
3
9
(
1
1
):
9
3
5
-
9
4
1
.
[2
5
]
Y
i
n
g
SP,
Sh
i
u
AY
.
In
v
e
s
ti
g
a
ti
o
n
o
f
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m
o
te
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p
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s
p
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m
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d
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tr
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e
.
Ap
p
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e
d
Opt
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c
s
.
2
0
1
5
;
5
4
(2
8
):
E3
0
-
E3
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.