T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
1
8
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
,
pp.
10
~
18
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930
,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v1
8
i
1
.
12699
10
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
php/T
E
L
K
OM
N
I
K
A
F
requency
rec
onf
i
gurabl
e
m
onop
ol
e
ant
enna
w
i
t
h
harm
oni
c
s
upp
res
s
i
on
f
or
I
oT
app
l
i
cat
i
ons
Alaa
I
m
r
an
Al
-
M
u
t
t
airi,
M
ali
k
Jas
im
F
ar
h
an
Co
l
l
eg
e
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
eeri
n
g
,
Mu
s
t
a
n
s
i
ri
y
ah
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
,
Iraq
Ar
t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
M
a
r
17
,
2019
R
e
vis
e
d
J
ul
2
,
20
19
Ac
c
e
pted
J
ul
2
1
,
20
19
T
h
i
s
w
o
rk
p
r
o
p
o
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e
s
a
n
ew
reco
n
f
i
g
u
rab
l
e
p
r
i
n
t
ed
mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
an
t
e
n
n
a
fo
r
Io
T
d
ev
i
ces
w
o
rk
i
n
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h
t
h
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p
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s
i
n
g
w
i
re
l
es
s
t
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
W
i
-
F
i
6
.
Bas
ed
o
n
effect
i
v
e
res
o
n
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t
l
en
g
t
h
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a
l
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e,
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h
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a
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o
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g
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re
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g
b
a
n
d
b
e
t
w
een
2
.
4
G
H
z
an
d
5
G
H
z
ISM
b
an
d
s
.
T
h
eref
o
re,
t
h
e
d
es
i
g
n
ed
an
t
en
n
a
w
o
r
k
s
as
an
RF
b
an
d
-
p
a
s
s
fi
l
t
er
w
h
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c
h
red
u
ces
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v
er
co
mp
l
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i
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p
p
o
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t
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et
w
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cal
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et
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t
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-
co
n
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g
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rab
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l
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r
t
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o
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t
w
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b
s
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d
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e
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p
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ch
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z)
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ce
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t
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er
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a
n
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(
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.
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G
H
z).
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h
e
d
e
s
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g
n
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u
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er
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mmerci
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b
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ac
t
s
i
ze
o
f
(3
3
.
5
x
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x
1
.
6
)
mm
3
.
CST
s
o
f
t
w
are
i
s
u
s
ed
t
o
s
i
mu
l
at
e
an
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en
n
a
p
erfo
rma
n
ce
i
n
t
erm
s
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f
fl
ec
t
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c
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en
t
,
rad
i
a
t
i
o
n
p
at
t
ern
,
effi
c
i
en
c
y
,
an
d
g
a
i
n
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ha
r
moni
c
s
uppr
e
s
s
ion
I
oT
R
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
a
ntenna
Wi
-
F
i
6
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
Ala
a
I
mr
a
n
Al
-
M
utt
a
ir
i
,
C
oll
e
ge
of
E
nginee
r
ing,
M
us
tans
ir
iyah
Unive
r
s
it
y
,
B
a
ghda
d,
I
r
a
q
.
E
mail:
a
l_al_44@it
ne
t
.
uoba
bylon.
e
du.
iq
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
I
nter
ne
t
of
T
hings
(
I
oT
)
tec
hnology
a
im
s
to
map
a
ll
phys
ica
l
objec
ts
in
r
e
a
l
li
f
e
to
the
vir
tual
wor
ld
to
c
r
e
a
te
a
n
int
e
ll
igent
e
nvir
onment
[
1
,
2]
.
Du
e
to
the
na
tur
a
l
of
I
o
T
tec
hnology,
a
f
e
w
da
ta
r
a
te
in
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion,
r
e
lax
ba
ndwidth,
s
mall
phys
ica
l
s
ize
a
nd
a
c
c
e
ptable
c
omm
unica
ti
on
r
a
nge
a
r
e
r
e
quir
e
d
[
3
,
4
].
M
or
e
ove
r
,
mos
t
I
o
T
de
vice
s
us
e
f
r
e
e
li
c
e
ns
e
I
S
M
ba
nds
to
c
ontac
t
wor
ld
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
a
bo
ve
r
e
qui
r
e
ments
,
the
s
ixt
h
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on
of
W
i
-
F
i
wir
e
les
s
s
tanda
r
d
na
med
W
i
-
F
i
6
or
(
I
E
E
E
802.
11
a
x
)
is
e
xpe
c
ted
to
be
a
va
il
a
ble
in
the
ne
xt
f
e
w
mont
hs
.
T
his
s
e
r
ies
im
p
l
e
mente
d
T
W
T
mec
ha
nis
m
whic
h
s
uppor
ts
I
oT
de
vice
s
[
5
]
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
c
is
c
o
publi
c
a
ti
on,
W
i
-
F
i
6
de
vice
will
us
e
2.
4
GH
z
a
nd
5
GH
z
ba
nds
a
nd
it
ha
s
a
high
de
gr
e
e
of
c
ompatibi
li
ty
with
o
lder
W
i
-
F
i
ve
r
s
ions
.
How
e
ve
r
,
it
is
e
s
ti
mate
d
in
2021,
ther
e
wil
l
be
50
bil
li
on
I
o
T
de
vice
s
a
ble
to
c
omm
unica
te
a
nd
s
ha
r
e
in
f
or
mation
ove
r
the
int
e
r
ne
t
s
uc
h
a
s
a
ut
omation
s
ys
tem,
home
a
p
pli
a
nc
e
s
,
ve
hicle
s
,
s
mar
t
c
it
ies
,
e
-
he
a
lt
h
[
2,
5
-
7
]
.
T
his
lar
ge
number
o
f
wi
r
e
les
s
de
vice
s
will
r
is
e
ba
nd
c
o
nge
s
ti
on
pr
oblem,
inc
r
e
a
s
e
pa
c
ke
t
c
oll
is
ions
in
upli
nk
a
c
c
e
s
s
c
ha
nne
ls
,
a
nd
he
nc
e
c
ons
ume
li
mi
ted
powe
r
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
.
T
o
f
ulf
il
l
a
ll
p
r
e
vious
pr
oblems
with
a
c
ompac
t
p
hys
ica
l
s
ize
,
the
r
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
a
ntenna
is
one
of
the
be
s
t
a
va
il
a
ble
s
olut
ions
.
R
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
a
ntenna
is
a
dyna
mi
c
a
ntenna
whic
h
ha
s
the
a
bil
it
y
to
modi
f
ying
it
s
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
f
r
e
que
nc
y,
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
ns
a
n
d/
or
polar
iza
ti
on
in
or
de
r
to
a
da
pt
the
e
nvir
onmen
t
[
8
-
12
]
.
C
ompar
ing
to
mul
ti
ba
nd
a
ntenna
s
,
r
e
c
onf
igu
r
a
ble
a
ntenna
s
of
f
e
r
many
a
dva
ntage
s
li
ke
pr
e
-
f
il
ter
ing
,
r
e
duc
e
c
ompl
e
xit
y,
s
a
ving
s
pa
c
e
a
nd
r
e
latively
low
c
os
t.
F
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
-
c
onf
igur
a
bil
it
y
c
a
n
be
r
e
a
li
z
e
d
by
in
tegr
a
ti
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
F
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
c
onfi
gur
able
monopole
antenna
w
it
h
har
monic
s
uppr
e
s
s
ion
for
…
(
A
laa
I
mr
an
A
l
-
M
utt
a
ir
i
)
11
lampe
d
e
leme
nt
s
uc
h
a
s
P
I
N
diodes
,
M
E
M
S
s
witc
he
s
,
or
va
r
a
c
tor
s
in
a
ntenna
body.
B
a
s
ica
ll
y,
thes
e
e
leme
nts
may
modi
f
y
the
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
length
of
a
n
a
ntenna
a
nd
he
nc
e
c
ha
nge
a
ntenna
's
ope
r
a
ti
ng
f
r
e
que
nc
y
[
13
]
.
B
y
us
ing
a
f
f
or
da
ble
a
nd
c
he
a
pe
r
mate
r
ials
,
n
umer
ous
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
a
ntenna
s
a
r
e
r
e
por
ted
in
the
li
ter
a
tur
e
.
I
n
[
1
4
]
,
F
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
monopol
e
a
ntenna
is
de
s
igned
to
s
witch
be
twe
e
n
s
e
ve
r
a
l
ba
nds
us
ing
thr
e
e
P
I
N
diodes
.
Ac
tually,
thes
e
diodes
a
lt
e
r
e
d
a
ntenna
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
le
ngth
to
c
ha
nge
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y.
I
n
[
1
5
]
,
they
de
s
igned
F
-
s
ha
p
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
a
ntenna
whic
h
ha
s
the
a
bil
it
y
to
hope
a
mong
s
ix
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
.
C
he
a
p
mate
r
ials
l
ik
e
R
F
-
4
s
ubs
tr
a
te,
two
P
I
N
d
iodes
,
a
nd
tr
unc
a
ted
gr
ound
plane
,
a
r
e
us
e
d
to
buil
d
the
a
ntenna
.
W
hil
e
thi
s
a
nt
e
nna
c
ove
r
e
d
a
lm
os
t
I
S
M
ba
nds
,
it
ha
s
a
big
s
ize
a
nd
high
or
de
r
ha
r
moni
c
c
omponent
whic
h
c
lea
r
ly
a
ppe
a
r
e
d
in
the
r
e
f
lec
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
plot
f
or
e
a
c
h
s
witc
h
mode.
S
tar
ti
ng
f
r
om
the
mu
lt
iband
a
ntenna
,
a
uthor
s
in
[
1
6
]
de
ve
loped
a
r
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
a
ntenna
f
or
W
i
-
F
i,
W
iM
a
x,
a
nd
W
L
AN
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
.
T
he
de
s
ign
ha
s
c
ompac
t
s
ize
put
it
did
not
c
ove
r
the
e
nti
r
e
5
GH
z
ba
n
d
in
one
s
witch
mode.
[
1
7
]
s
howe
d
a
r
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
mon
opole
a
ntenna
whic
h
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
f
or
mul
ti
-
r
a
dio
wir
e
les
s
s
ys
tems
.
Good
a
nte
nna
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
is
obs
e
r
ve
d
a
t
the
f
our
ba
nds
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
to
lar
ge
s
ize
,
a
ny
s
ys
tem
a
tt
a
c
he
d
to
thi
s
a
ntenna
ne
e
d
s
a
f
il
ter
to
r
e
jec
t
s
ome
ba
nds
.
I
n
[
1
8
]
,
a
dua
l
-
ba
nd
monopol
e
a
ntenna
f
or
W
iM
a
x
s
ys
tem
ha
s
be
e
n
int
r
oduc
e
d.
T
he
de
s
ign
e
d
a
ntenna
us
e
d
va
r
a
c
to
r
diode
to
tune
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nds
.
How
e
ve
r
,
it
ha
s
low
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
a
nd
ga
in
with
a
r
e
latively
lar
ge
a
r
e
a
.
T
he
s
tudy
in
[
8]
pr
e
s
e
nts
c
ompac
t
s
ize
a
nd
ten
ba
nds
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
a
ntenna
f
or
W
L
AN
a
nd
W
iM
AX
s
ys
tems
.
De
s
ign
pr
oc
e
s
s
im
pleme
nted
S
P
I
C
E
models
togethe
r
with
mi
niat
ur
iza
ti
on
tec
hnique
to
a
c
hieve
a
ll
a
utho
r
's
goa
ls
.
I
n
[
1
9
]
,
two
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
monopol
e
a
ntenna
s
a
r
e
pr
opos
e
d
f
or
W
iM
a
x
a
nd
W
L
AN
ut
il
iza
ti
on.
T
he
a
ntenna
s
ha
ve
a
r
e
a
l
s
mall
s
ize
a
nd
g
ood
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
.
Unf
or
tunate
ly
,
the
a
utho
r
s
obtaine
d
c
onf
igur
a
bil
it
y
by
uti
li
z
ing
c
oppe
r
tape
a
nd
ga
b
to
s
im
ulate
ON
a
nd
OFF
d
iode
s
tate
s
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
T
o
thi
s
e
nd,
obtaining
c
ompac
t
s
ize
a
nd
s
ingl
e
-
ba
nd
r
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
monopol
e
a
ntenna
is
s
ti
ll
a
c
ha
ll
e
nge
.
I
n
th
is
pa
pe
r
,
a
s
mall
s
ize
a
nd
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
monopo
le
a
ntenna
a
r
e
de
s
ign
e
d
ove
r
c
omm
e
r
c
ially
a
va
il
a
ble
F
R
-
4
s
ub
s
tr
a
te.
T
wo
s
ingl
e
-
ba
nds
(
2.
4
GH
z
or
5
GH
z
)
in
the
I
S
M
s
pe
c
tr
um
r
e
gion
a
r
e
obtaine
d.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
ha
s
the
a
bil
it
y
to
hope
be
twe
e
n
the
2.
4
GH
z
a
nd
the
e
nti
r
e
5
G
Hz
ba
nds
of
W
i
-
F
i
6.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
the
de
s
igned
a
ntenna
will
wor
k
a
s
a
ba
nd
-
pa
s
s
f
il
ter
whic
h
r
e
duc
e
s
r
e
c
e
iver
c
ompl
e
xit
y.
R
F
P
I
N
diode
with
a
c
ompl
e
te
bias
i
ng
c
ir
c
uit
is
int
e
gr
a
ted
int
o
the
a
ntenna
body
to
obs
e
r
ve
re
-
c
onf
igur
a
bil
it
y.
2.
AN
T
E
NN
A
GE
OME
T
RY
AN
D
DE
S
I
GN
C
ompac
t
s
ize
a
ntenn
a
with
ove
r
a
ll
dim
e
ns
ions
of
(
33.
5
x
16
x
1
.
6)
3
is
pr
opos
e
d
us
ing
C
S
T
s
im
ulation
tool
.
T
he
de
s
igned
a
ntenna
ge
ometr
y
a
nd
opti
mi
z
e
d
dim
e
ns
ions
a
r
e
de
picting
in
F
igu
r
e
1
a
nd
T
a
ble
1
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
T
he
de
s
igned
a
ntenna
pr
int
e
d
on
both
s
ides
of
the
s
ubs
tr
a
te.
C
omm
e
r
c
ially
a
va
il
a
ble
FR
-
4
s
ub
s
tr
a
te
(
h
=
1.
6
mm
,
=
4.
4
a
nd
tange
nt
los
s
e
s
tan
δ
=
0.
019)
is
us
e
d.
Ante
nna
's
r
a
diator
c
ons
is
ts
of
two
s
e
gments
s
e
pa
r
a
ted
by
one
P
I
N
diode.
T
he
f
ir
s
t
one
take
s
T
-
s
ha
pe
wh
ich
ge
ne
r
a
tes
the
higher
ba
nd
(5
GH
z
)
.
W
hil
e
,
the
s
e
c
ond
s
e
gment
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
by
C
s
ha
pe
a
r
m
whic
h
is
us
e
d
to
obtain
the
lo
we
r
ba
nd
(
2.
4
GH
z
)
.
M
icr
os
tr
ip
f
e
e
d
-
li
ne
of
3
mm
wid
th
(
50
Ω)
is
us
e
d
to
f
e
e
d
r
a
diator
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
,
th
r
e
e
s
li
ts
of
1
mm
a
nd
one
s
li
t
of
0.
7
mm
a
r
e
e
tche
d
in
the
r
a
diato
r
in
or
de
r
to
int
e
gr
a
te
diode
a
nd
bias
ing
e
leme
nts
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
T
he
P
I
N
diode
wor
ks
a
s
a
s
witch
to
c
ontr
ol
a
n
tenna
ope
r
a
ti
ng
ba
nd.
T
he
lowe
r
ba
nd
is
obtaine
d
whe
n
the
diode
a
t
f
or
wa
r
d
b
ias
ing
(
ON
s
tate
)
while
the
h
igh
e
r
ba
nd
is
obtaine
d
a
t
r
e
ve
r
s
e
bias
ing
(
O
F
F
s
tat
e
)
.
Als
o,
the
de
s
ign
im
pleme
nted
pa
r
ti
a
ll
y
gr
ound
plane
be
ne
a
th
the
r
a
diator
a
t
d
is
tanc
e
1.
6
mm
.
T
wo
s
lot
s
a
r
e
made
in
the
gr
ound
plane
to
incr
e
a
s
e
im
pe
da
nc
e
matc
hing.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
s
tr
uc
tur
e
is
ins
pir
e
d
f
r
om
the
c
onve
nti
ona
l
pr
int
e
d
monopol
e
a
ntenna
s
r
e
por
ted
in
the
r
e
late
d
li
ter
a
tur
e
.
T
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
li
ne
model
in
[
20
]
is
us
e
d
to
f
ind,
a
ppr
oxim
a
tely
,
the
r
e
quir
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
r
e
s
ona
nt
length
of
e
a
c
h
r
a
diator
s
e
gment
a
t
a
s
pe
c
if
ic
f
r
e
que
nc
y.
T
he
n
a
ll
c
a
lcula
ted
len
gths
a
r
e
o
pti
mi
z
e
d
us
ing
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
s
we
e
p
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
B
a
s
ica
ll
y,
the
de
s
ign
pr
oc
e
s
s
pa
s
s
e
d
thr
ough
f
our
s
tage
s
unti
l
the
f
inal
ge
ometr
y
a
nd
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
a
r
e
obtaine
d
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
2.
I
n
(
Ant
1)
,
c
oppe
r
tape
a
nd
ga
p
a
r
e
us
e
d
to
s
im
ulate
diode
s
tatus
in
ON
a
nd
OFF
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
I
n
thi
s
f
unda
menta
l
s
tage
,
the
de
s
igned
a
ntenna
r
e
s
ona
ted
ne
a
r
to
2.
45
GH
z
a
t
ON
s
tate
a
nd
ne
a
r
to
5.
4
GH
z
a
t
OFF
s
tate
with
a
c
c
e
ptable
ba
ndwidth
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
3
(
pu
r
ple
a
nd
r
e
d
c
ur
ve
s
)
.
Als
o,
a
big
ha
r
m
onic
c
omponent
a
t
5
GH
z
r
e
gion
a
ppe
a
r
s
whe
n
dio
de
f
or
c
e
a
ntenna
to
wor
k
a
t
the
2.
4
GH
z
ba
nd
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
3
(
r
e
d
c
ur
ve
)
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
a
lar
ge
ope
ne
d
s
lot
is
made
in
the
inne
r
s
ide
o
f
the
C
-
a
r
m
to
r
e
duc
e
that
ha
r
moni
c
a
s
s
hown
in
Ant
2
a
nd
F
igu
r
e
3
(
b
r
own
c
u
r
ve
)
.
I
t
is
wor
t
h
mentioni
ng
that
the
big
s
lot
d
id
not
a
f
f
e
c
t
th
e
va
lue
of
the
r
e
f
lec
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
a
t
the
highe
r
ba
nd.
I
n
Ant
3,
P
I
N
diode
with
it
s
bias
ing
c
ir
c
uit
c
ompo
ne
nts
a
r
e
s
e
lec
ted
a
nd
int
e
gr
a
ted
to
C
S
T
model
to
make
f
inal
opt
im
iza
ti
on.
How
e
ve
r
,
by
e
mbeddi
ng
thes
e
e
leme
nts
,
the
h
igh
o
r
de
r
ha
r
moni
c
c
o
mponent
be
c
omes
wor
s
t
a
ga
in.
I
n
or
de
r
to
s
uppr
e
s
s
that
c
o
mponent,
t
wo
s
tubs
a
r
e
a
dde
d
to
the
C
-
a
r
m
a
s
il
lu
s
tr
a
ted
in
Ant
3
a
nd
Ant
4.
T
he
pos
it
ions
of
thes
e
s
tubs
a
r
e
de
ter
mi
ne
d
us
ing
t
r
y
a
nd
e
r
r
or
method
then
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
s
we
e
p
pr
oc
e
s
s
is
us
e
d
to
c
a
lcula
t
e
e
a
c
h
s
tub
dim
e
ns
ions
.
T
he
f
ir
s
t
s
tub
with
dim
e
ns
ions
(
L
2*W
2)
is
a
tt
a
c
he
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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S
S
N
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E
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T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
10
-
18
12
to
the
a
r
m's
ba
s
e
while
the
s
e
c
ond
one
with
dim
e
ns
ions
(
L
3*W
3)
is
a
dde
d
to
a
r
m's
top
s
ide.
I
t
is
c
lea
r
in
F
igur
e
4
(
a
)
that
the
incr
e
a
s
ing
of
W
2
to
the
s
a
me
width
of
the
a
r
m's
ba
s
e
s
hif
ts
ha
r
moni
c
c
omponent
out
of
the
5
GH
z
ba
nd
while
in
F
igu
r
e
4
(
b)
incr
e
a
s
ing
L
3
lea
d
to
pus
h
up
S
11
va
lue
a
bove
-
10
dB
.
S
o
that
,
W
2
a
nd
L
3
a
r
e
s
e
lec
ted
to
be
4mm
a
nd
2mm
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
I
n
the
o
ther
s
ide
of
s
ubs
tr
a
te,
pa
r
ti
a
ll
y
gr
o
und
with
dim
e
ns
ion
of
(
W
g*L
g)
is
us
e
d.
T
wo
s
lot
s
a
r
e
e
tc
he
d
in
the
gr
ound
to
incr
e
a
s
e
im
pe
da
nc
e
matc
hin
g
a
t
both
ope
r
a
ti
ng
ba
nds
.
All
dim
e
ns
ions
r
e
late
d
to
the
de
s
igned
gr
ound
plane
a
r
e
c
a
lcula
ted
then
opti
mi
z
e
d
us
ing
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
s
we
e
p
f
unc
ti
on.
F
igur
e
1
.
Ante
nna
ge
ometr
y
:
(
a
)
Ante
nna
r
a
diato
r
,
(
b)
Gr
ound
p
lane
,
(
c
)
S
ide
v
iew
T
a
ble
1.
De
s
igned
a
ntenna
dim
e
ns
ions
P
a
r
a
me
te
r
V
a
lu
e
(
mm
)
P
a
r
a
me
te
r
V
a
lu
e
(
mm
)
Ls
33.5
Wf
3
Ws
16
Lf
7.5
Lg
7.5
W1
2
L1
7.8
W2
4
L2
1.5
W3
2
L3
2
L
s
ub
1.5
L4
20
W
s
ub
5
L5
5.5
d
0.5
Tg
1.5
Wg
14.5
F
igur
e
2.
A
ntenna
de
s
ign
s
tage
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
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KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
F
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
c
onfi
gur
able
monopole
antenna
w
it
h
har
monic
s
uppr
e
s
s
ion
for
…
(
A
laa
I
mr
an
A
l
-
M
utt
a
ir
i
)
13
F
igur
e
3
.
R
e
f
lec
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
f
o
r
Ant
1
to
Ant
4
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
4.
Ha
r
moni
c
c
omponent
r
e
movi
ng
:
(
a
)
S
hi
f
t
ha
r
moni
c
to
lef
t
due
to
c
ha
nge
in
W
2
,
(
b)
L
e
f
t
up
ha
r
moni
c
c
omponent
gr
e
a
ter
than
-
10
dB
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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S
N
:
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T
E
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KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
10
-
18
14
3.
DI
ODE
S
E
L
E
C
T
I
ON
AN
D
B
I
AS
I
NG
CI
RC
U
I
T
B
e
a
m
-
le
a
d
P
I
N
diode
(
DSM
8100
-
000)
f
r
om
S
kywor
ks
is
us
e
d
to
obtain
e
lec
tr
ica
l
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
c
onf
igur
a
bil
it
y
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
it
s
int
e
r
e
s
t
a
dva
ntage
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
high
s
witching
s
pe
e
d,
s
mall
f
or
wa
r
d
r
e
s
is
tanc
e
(
R
s
)
,
ve
r
y
low
c
a
pa
c
it
a
nc
e
(
C
t)
,
low
pa
c
ka
ging
in
duc
tanc
e
,
a
nd
wide
f
r
e
que
n
c
y
r
a
nge
of
ope
r
a
ti
on
,
s
e
lec
ti
on
ha
s
be
e
n
done
.
As
il
lus
tr
a
ted
in
the
da
ta
s
he
e
t
[
21
]
,
thes
e
s
pe
c
if
ica
ti
ons
lea
d
to
mi
nim
ize
ins
e
r
ti
on
l
os
s
e
s
in
f
or
wa
r
d
b
ias
ing
(
ON
s
tate
)
a
nd
inc
r
e
a
s
e
is
olation
in
r
e
ve
r
s
e
bias
c
a
s
e
(
OFF
s
tate
)
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion,
a
bias
ing
ne
tw
or
k
is
de
s
igned
a
s
s
hown
in
the
F
igur
e
5
.
T
hi
s
c
ir
c
uit
c
ons
is
ts
of
two
47
nH
inductor
s
(
H1
a
nd
H2)
a
nd
thr
e
e
1µ
F
DC
block
c
a
pa
c
it
or
(
C
dc
)
[
22
,
23
]
.
T
he
two
inductor
s
va
lues
a
r
e
s
e
lec
ted
us
ing
S
R
F
va
lue
whic
h
is
s
e
lec
ted
to
be
ne
a
r
to
2.
45
GH
z
[
24
]
.
W
hil
e
,
dc
c
a
pa
c
it
or
s
a
r
e
s
e
lec
ted
ba
s
e
d
on
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
s
we
e
p
unti
l
maximum
dc
buf
f
e
r
ing
is
obtaine
d
[
25
]
.
F
igur
e
5
.
E
qu
ivale
nt
c
ir
c
uit
of
P
I
N
d
iode
f
o
r
ON
a
nd
OFF
s
tats
4.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
AC
I
n
thi
s
s
e
c
ti
on,
s
im
ulation
r
e
s
ult
s
f
or
the
in
put
r
e
f
lec
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
,
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n,
ga
in
,
e
f
f
icie
nc
y,
a
nd
s
ur
f
a
c
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
dis
tr
ibut
ion
of
the
de
s
igned
a
ntenna
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted.
F
igur
e
6
s
hows
b
oth
input
r
e
f
lec
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
icie
nts
a
nd
im
pe
da
nc
e
ba
ndwidths
a
t
diode
ON
a
nd
OFF
c
ondit
ions
.
W
he
n
diode
in
OF
F
s
tate
then
thi
s
a
ntenna
c
ove
r
s
the
e
nti
r
e
5
GH
z
ba
nds
(
4.
95
GH
z
to
6
.
4
GH
z
)
with
a
n
i
mpeda
nc
e
ba
nd
width
of
25.
4
%
a
nd
r
e
tur
n
los
s
ne
a
r
to
-
32.
9
dB
.
On
the
ot
he
r
ha
nd,
the
a
ntenna
c
ove
r
s
a
s
ingl
e
na
r
r
ow
ba
nd
s
tar
ti
ng
f
r
om
2.
35
GH
z
to
2.
6
GH
z
whe
n
the
dio
de
in
ON
s
tate
.
At
thi
s
mode,
the
obtaine
d
im
pe
da
nc
e
ba
nd
width
a
nd
input
r
e
f
lec
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
a
r
e
10.
1
%
a
nd
-
24.
9
dB
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
I
n
f
a
c
t,
im
pleme
nted
ha
r
moni
c
s
uppr
e
s
s
ion
tec
hnique
make
s
a
ntenna
ope
r
a
te
in
a
a
s
olo
ba
nd
a
t
diode
ON
s
tate
.
I
t
s
hould
be
noted
he
r
e
that
the
two
s
lot
s
in
the
gr
ound
plane
a
nd
the
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
e
leme
nt
give
good
im
pe
da
nc
e
matc
hing
f
or
both
ba
nds
.
F
igur
e
7
il
lus
tr
a
tes
the
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
ns
f
or
both
P
I
N
dio
de
s
ON
a
nd
OFF
s
tate
s
.
I
n
thi
s
wor
k,
YZ
-
plane
ha
s
be
e
n
take
n
as
the
E
-
plane
(
P
hi
=
90)
,
a
nd
the
X
Z
-
a
s
th
e
H
-
plane
(
P
hi
=
0
)
.
An
omni
di
r
e
c
ti
ona
l
pa
tt
e
r
n
a
t
H
-
plane
a
nd
bidi
r
e
c
ti
ona
l
pa
tt
e
r
n
a
t
E
plane
a
r
e
obs
e
r
ve
d
in
both
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
nds
.
L
it
tl
e
de
viation
in
r
a
diation
null
is
oc
c
ur
r
e
d
due
to
s
e
ve
r
a
l
r
e
a
s
ons
s
uc
h
a
s
uti
li
z
a
ti
on
of
pa
r
ti
a
l
gr
ound
plane
,
pa
tch
a
s
ymm
e
tr
ic,
a
n
d
C
-
a
r
m
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
e
f
f
e
c
t.
T
he
de
s
igned
a
ntenna
de
li
ve
r
e
d
ga
in
of
1.
5
dB
a
nd
3.
5
dB
a
t
2.
4
GH
z
a
nd
5
GH
z
ba
nds
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly
a
s
in
F
igur
e
8.
I
n
f
a
c
t,
r
e
duc
ti
ons
in
both
ga
ins
oc
c
ur
r
e
d
whe
n
a
n
idea
l
s
witch
is
r
e
plac
e
d
by
a
r
e
a
l
P
I
N
diode.
T
his
is
due
to
the
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
f
the
int
e
r
na
l
r
e
s
is
tor
in
ON
f
or
wa
r
d
bias
ing.
How
e
ve
r
,
thes
e
ga
ins
a
r
e
a
c
c
e
ptable
f
or
indoo
r
c
omm
unica
ti
on
.
On
the
other
ha
nd,
t
he
obtaine
d
maximum
r
a
diation
e
f
f
icie
nc
ies
a
r
e
80%
in
the
2.
4
GH
z
ba
nd
a
nd
95
%
in
the
5
GH
z
ba
n
d
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
9
.
I
n
or
de
r
to
unde
r
s
tand
a
ntenna
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
a
nd
va
li
da
te
our
theo
r
e
ti
c
a
l
c
a
lcula
ti
ons
in
both
diode
c
ondit
ions
,
s
ur
f
a
c
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
dis
tr
ib
uti
ons
a
t
two
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
ies
(
i
.
e
.
2.
45
GH
z
a
nd
5
.
4
G
Hz
)
ha
ve
be
e
n
s
tudi
e
d
a
nd
il
lus
tr
a
ted
in
F
igu
r
e
1
0.
W
he
n
diode
in
OFF
s
tate
,
s
ur
f
a
c
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
c
onc
e
ntr
a
tes
a
t
the
lowe
r
e
dge
s
of
the
T
-
s
ha
pe
r
a
diator
s
e
gment
with
a
n
ove
r
a
ll
r
e
s
ona
nt
length
va
lue
of
(
0.
5*L
f
+
L
2
=
9.
25
mm
)
.
At
ON
s
tate
,
s
ur
f
a
c
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
ppr
ox
im
a
tely,
co
nc
e
ntr
a
tes
ove
r
the
e
nti
r
e
C
-
a
r
m
pa
r
t
a
nd
s
ome
e
dge
s
of
T
-
s
ha
pe
with
ove
r
a
l
l
r
e
s
ona
nt
length
va
l
ue
e
qua
l
to
(
L
f
+
L
5+
L
4+
(
L
1
-
6.
8)
=
26
.
5
mm
)
.
Ac
c
or
ding
t
o
the
a
utho
r
's
c
a
lcula
ti
ons
,
the
r
e
quir
e
d
length
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
t
2
.
45
GH
z
a
nd
5.
4
GH
z
wa
s
17
mm
a
nd
8mm
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
T
he
s
e
lengths
a
r
e
c
a
lcula
ted
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
F
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
c
onfi
gur
able
monopole
antenna
w
it
h
har
monic
s
uppr
e
s
s
ion
for
…
(
A
laa
I
mr
an
A
l
-
M
utt
a
ir
i
)
15
us
ing
(
1)
in
[
15]
.
Ac
tually
,
the
a
bove
c
ur
r
e
nt
di
s
tr
ibut
ion
r
e
s
ult
s
c
ome
a
s
e
xpe
c
ted.
T
he
s
mall
d
e
viation
be
twe
e
n
c
a
lcula
ti
on
a
nd
s
im
ulation
(
op
ti
mi
z
e
d
le
ngths
)
may
be
due
to
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
r
a
diator
wid
th,
di
ode
a
nd
bias
ing
e
f
f
e
c
ts
,
a
nd
the
us
ing
of
s
lot
s
in
the
g
r
ou
nd.
Als
o,
it
is
c
lea
r
that
both
c
hoc
ks
a
r
e
blocke
d
the
R
F
s
ignal
while
DC
c
a
pa
c
it
or
s
a
t
f
e
e
d
li
ne
pa
s
s
R
F
s
ignal
to
the
a
ntenna
.
=
3
∗
10
8
4
∗
∗
√
+
1
2
+
−
1
2
(
1
+
12
(
ℎ
)
)
−
0
.
5
2
(
1)
whe
r
e
=
ℎ
ℎ
=
ℎ
ℎ
=
F
igur
e
6.
R
e
f
e
c
ti
on
c
oe
f
f
icie
nt
f
o
r
both
obtaine
d
b
a
nds
2.
4
GH
z
a
nd
5
GHz
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
7.
E
-
plane
(
P
hi
=
0
)
a
nd
H
-
plane
(
P
hi
=
90)
of
de
s
igned
a
ntenna
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
:
(
a
)
ON
s
tate
f
or
2
.
45
GH
z
,
(
b
)
OFF
f
o
r
5
.
5
GH
z
s
t
a
te
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
1
8
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
10
-
18
16
F
igur
e
8.
De
s
igned
a
ntenna
ga
ins
a
t
2
.
45
GH
z
a
nd
5
GHz
F
igur
e
9.
De
s
igned
a
ntenna
r
a
d.
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
a
t
2.
45
GH
z
a
nd
5
GHz
F
igur
e
10.
C
ur
r
e
nt
dis
tr
ibut
ion
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
a
nt
e
nna
:
(
a
)
ON
s
tate
a
t
2.
45
GHz
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
q
.
,
(
b)
OFF
s
tate
at
5
.4
GHz
r
e
s
ona
nt
f
r
e
q
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
F
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
c
onfi
gur
able
monopole
antenna
w
it
h
har
monic
s
uppr
e
s
s
ion
for
…
(
A
laa
I
mr
an
A
l
-
M
utt
a
ir
i
)
17
5.
CONC
L
USI
ON
AN
D
F
UT
UR
E
WORK
T
his
pa
pe
r
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
de
s
ign
a
nd
s
im
ulation
of
a
ne
w
f
r
e
que
nc
y
r
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
monopol
e
a
ntenna
.
T
he
c
onf
igur
a
bil
i
ty
is
obtaine
d
by
modi
f
ying
a
nten
na
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
length
us
ing
P
I
N
d
iode
a
s
a
n
e
lec
tr
ica
l
s
witch.
W
he
n
diode
in
OFF
s
tate
,
the
a
ntenna
r
e
s
ona
nt
a
t
5.
4
GH
z
with
a
n
im
pe
da
nc
e
ba
ndwidth
o
f
(
1.
45
GH
z
)
whic
h
c
ove
r
s
the
e
nti
r
e
5
GH
z
s
p
e
c
tr
um
r
e
gion.
I
n
c
ontr
a
s
t,
whe
n
the
diode
to
ON
,
the
a
ntenna
r
e
s
ona
nt
a
t
2.
45
GH
z
with
na
r
r
ow
ba
ndwidth
ne
a
r
to
(
0
.
25
GH
z
)
c
ove
r
ing
the
c
omm
on
2.
4
GH
z
ba
nd.
At
th
is
s
tate
,
a
s
ingl
e
ba
nd
is
obtain
e
d
by
e
li
mi
na
ti
ng
a
s
s
oc
iate
d
h
a
r
moni
c
c
omponent.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
good
im
pe
da
nc
e
matc
hing
is
obtaine
d
a
t
the
two
ba
nds
with
the
he
lp
of
t
wo
s
lot
s
in
the
gr
ound
plane
a
nd
one
pa
r
a
s
it
ic
e
leme
nt.
T
he
de
s
igned
a
ntenna
ha
s
many
a
dva
ntage
s
s
uc
h
a
s
c
ompac
t
s
ize
,
low
in
c
os
t,
e
a
s
y
to
f
a
br
ica
te.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
a
ntenna
wa
s
int
e
nde
d
f
or
I
oT
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
whic
h
us
e
W
i
-
F
i
6
wir
e
les
s
te
c
hnology.
I
n
t
he
f
utur
e
wor
k,
we
wi
ll
inves
ti
ga
te
to
put
the
de
s
igned
a
ntenna
f
or
M
I
M
O
c
ha
nne
l.
AC
KNOWL
E
DGE
M
E
NT
S
T
he
a
uthor
s
would
li
ke
to
thank
M
us
tans
ir
iyah
Unive
r
s
it
y
(
ww
w.
uomus
tans
ir
iyah.
e
du
.
iq)
B
a
ghda
d
-
I
r
a
q
f
or
it
s
s
uppor
t
in
the
pr
e
s
e
nt
wor
k.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
Il
-
G
u
L
ee,
My
u
n
g
ch
u
l
K
i
m
,
“
In
t
erferen
c
e
-
aw
are
s
e
l
f
-
o
p
t
i
mi
zi
n
g
W
i
-
F
i
fo
r
h
i
g
h
effi
c
i
en
c
y
i
n
t
ern
e
t
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
i
n
d
en
s
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,”
Co
m
p
u
t
e
r
Co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
0
-
9
0
,
p
p
.
60
-
74
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
Man
s
o
u
r,
N
.
Sh
eh
at
a,
et
al
.
,
"
Co
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
Ban
d
Man
i
p
u
l
at
i
o
n
s
u
s
i
n
g
T
w
i
s
t
ab
l
e
Pap
er
-
b
as
e
d
A
n
t
en
n
a
fo
r
Io
T
A
p
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
,
"
IE
E
E
9
th
A
n
n
u
a
l
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y,
E
l
ec
t
r
o
n
i
cs
a
n
d
M
o
b
i
l
e
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Co
n
f
e
r
e
n
ce
(
IE
M
C
O
N
)
,
p
p
.
1
2
6
5
-
1
2
7
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
H
u
,
Pen
g
Fe
i
,
et
a
l
.
,
"
E
l
ect
r
i
cal
l
y
Smal
l
,
Pl
an
ar,
C
o
mp
l
emen
t
ar
y
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
w
i
t
h
Reco
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
l
e
Fre
q
u
e
n
cy
,
"
IE
E
E
Tr
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
A
n
t
en
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
6
7
,
no.
8,
p
p
.
5
1
7
6
-
5
1
8
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
L
.
L
i
zzi
,
F.
Ferrero
,
et
al
.
"
D
e
s
i
g
n
o
f
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
en
a
b
l
i
n
g
m
i
n
i
at
u
re
an
d
en
erg
y
effi
c
i
en
t
w
i
rel
e
s
s
Io
T
d
e
v
i
ce
s
fo
r
s
mart
ci
t
i
e
s
,
"
IE
E
E
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
m
a
r
t
Ci
t
i
e
s
Co
n
f
er
en
ce
(IS
C2
)
,
pp.
1
-
5,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
Bañ
o
s
-
G
o
n
za
l
ez
V
,
et
a
l
.
“
IE
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
ah
:
A
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
t
o
face
t
h
e
I
o
T
c
h
al
l
en
g
e
,”
S
en
s
o
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
16
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
21,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
H
o
u
ret
T
,
et
al
.
“
E
n
er
g
y
effi
c
i
en
t
reco
n
f
i
g
u
rab
l
e
an
t
e
n
n
a
fo
r
u
l
t
ra
-
l
o
w
p
o
w
er
Io
T
d
ev
i
ces
,”
i
n
IE
E
E
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
ym
p
o
s
i
u
m
o
n
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
&
U
S
NC
/
U
R
S
I
Na
t
i
o
n
a
l
R
a
d
i
o
S
c
i
en
ce
M
eet
i
n
g
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
3
-
1
1
5
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
Raad
H
.
,
“
A
Y
ag
i
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
arra
y
fo
r
co
n
f
o
rmal
I
o
T
an
d
w
i
re
l
es
s
ch
arg
i
n
g
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
,”
M
i
cr
o
wa
ve
a
n
d
O
p
t
i
ca
l
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
Let
t
er
s
,
v
o
l
.
61
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[8
]
A
b
d
u
l
rah
eem
Y
.
I
.
,
et
al
.
“
D
es
i
g
n
o
f
freq
u
en
c
y
reco
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
l
e
mu
l
t
i
b
a
n
d
co
m
p
act
an
t
en
n
a
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
PIN
d
i
o
d
es
fo
r
W
L
A
N
/
W
i
MA
X
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
,”
IE
T
M
i
cr
o
wa
ve
s
,
A
n
t
en
n
a
s
&
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
11
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
0
9
8
-
1
1
0
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[9
]
H
an
L
,
et
al
.
,
"
Co
mp
act
freq
u
e
n
cy
-
rec
o
n
f
i
g
u
rab
l
e
s
l
o
t
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
w
i
re
l
e
s
s
ap
p
l
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
,
"
IE
E
E
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
W
i
r
el
e
s
s
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
Le
t
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
7
9
5
-
1
7
9
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
Bas
aran
SC
an
d
Sert
e
l
K
.
"
D
u
a
l
‐
b
a
n
d
freq
u
en
c
y
‐
rec
o
n
f
i
g
u
rab
l
e
mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
W
L
A
N
ap
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,
"
M
i
c
r
o
w
a
ve
a
n
d
O
p
t
i
ca
l
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
Le
t
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
1,
p
p
.
55
-
58
,
J
an
.
2
0
1
5
.
[1
1
]
K
u
o
Y
L
,
an
d
W
o
n
g
K
L
.
"
Pri
n
t
e
d
d
o
u
b
l
e
-
T
mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
2
.
4
/
5
.
2
G
H
z
d
u
a
l
-
b
a
n
d
W
L
A
N
o
p
erat
i
o
n
s
,
"
.
IE
E
E
Tr
a
n
s
a
ct
i
o
n
s
o
n
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
9,
p
p
.
2
1
8
7
-
2
1
9
2
,
2
0
0
3
.
[1
2
]
Ro
mp
u
t
t
al
A
,
an
d
Ph
o
n
g
ch
ar
o
en
p
an
i
ch
C.
,
"
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u
en
c
y
reco
n
f
i
g
u
rab
l
e
mu
l
t
i
b
a
n
d
an
t
en
n
a
w
i
t
h
em
b
ed
d
ed
b
i
a
s
i
n
g
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
”
IE
T
M
i
c
r
o
w
a
ves
,
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
&
P
r
o
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
v
o
l
.
11,
pp
.
1
3
6
9
-
1
3
7
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
3
]
Y
an
g
X
,
“
Freq
u
en
c
y
reco
n
f
i
g
u
rab
l
e
ci
rcu
l
ar
p
a
t
ch
an
t
en
n
a
u
s
i
n
g
PIN
d
i
o
d
es
,”
i
n
IE
E
E
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
o
n
M
i
c
r
o
w
a
ve
a
n
d
M
i
l
l
i
m
et
e
r
W
a
ve
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(IC
M
M
T)
,
vol.
2
,
p
p
.
6
0
6
-
6
0
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
Sh
ah
IA
,
et
al
.
,
“
D
es
i
g
n
an
d
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
a
h
ex
a
-
b
an
d
freq
u
e
n
cy
reco
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
l
e
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
w
i
re
l
es
s
co
mmu
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
,”
A
E
U
-
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
ect
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
98
,
p
p
.
80
-
8
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
5
]
U
l
l
ah
S
.
,
“
A
mu
l
t
i
-
b
a
n
d
s
w
i
t
ch
a
b
l
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
fo
r
W
i
-
Fi
,
3
G
A
d
v
an
ce
d
,
W
i
M
A
X
,
an
d
W
L
A
N
w
i
rel
e
s
s
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
,”
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
i
cr
o
wa
ve
a
n
d
W
i
r
el
e
s
s
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
es
,
v
o
l
.
10
,
no.
8,
p
p
.
9
9
1
-
99
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
6
]
Sh
ah
S
.
A
.,
“
D
es
i
g
n
an
d
meas
u
remen
t
o
f
p
l
an
ar
mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
an
t
e
n
n
a
s
fo
r
mu
l
t
i
-
b
a
n
d
w
i
rel
e
s
s
a
p
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,”
IE
TE
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
,
v
o
l
.
63
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
9
4
-
2
0
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
7
]
K
u
mar
A
,
an
d
Sh
arma
M
.
M.
,
“
A
q
u
ad
-
b
an
d
reco
n
f
i
g
u
ra
b
l
e
mi
cro
s
t
r
i
p
-
fe
d
ci
rcu
l
ar
d
i
s
c
mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
an
t
e
n
n
a
fo
r
mu
l
t
i
ra
d
i
o
w
i
re
l
es
s
s
y
s
t
ems
,”
i
n
2
0
1
6
A
s
i
a
-
P
a
c
i
f
i
c
M
i
c
r
o
wa
ve
Co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
(
A
P
M
C)
New
D
el
h
i
,
p
p
.
1
-
4,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
8
]
S
un
X
.
L
.
,
et
al
.
“
Freq
u
e
n
c
y
reco
n
f
i
g
u
ra
b
l
e
d
u
al
-
b
an
d
mo
n
o
p
o
l
e
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
W
i
M
A
X
w
i
re
l
es
s
d
ev
i
c
es
,”
M
i
c
r
o
w
a
ve
a
n
d
O
p
t
i
ca
l
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
Le
t
t
e
r
s
,
v
o
l
.
56
,
p
p
.
49
-
55
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
9
]
U
l
l
ah
S
.
,
“
D
es
i
g
n
,
fab
r
i
cat
i
o
n
an
d
meas
u
remen
t
o
f
t
r
i
p
l
e
b
an
d
freq
u
e
n
cy
rec
o
n
f
i
g
u
rab
l
e
an
t
e
n
n
a
s
fo
r
p
o
r
t
a
b
l
e
w
i
re
l
es
s
co
mmu
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,”
A
E
U
-
In
t
er
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
l
ect
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
8
1
,
p
p
.
2
3
6
-
2
4
2
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
0
]
Bal
an
i
s
,
Co
n
s
t
an
t
i
n
e
A
.
,
“
A
n
t
en
n
a
t
h
e
o
ry
:
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
an
d
d
es
i
g
n
,”
J
o
h
n
W
i
l
e
y
&
S
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
Sk
y
w
o
rk
s
,
“
D
SM8
1
0
0
-
0
0
0
:
Mes
a
Beam
-
L
ead
P
IN
D
i
o
d
e
d
at
a
s
h
eet
,
”
2
0
0
8
,
[O
n
l
i
n
e],
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
m
o
u
s
er.
co
m
/
d
a
t
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h
eet
/
2
/
4
7
2
/
2
0
0
0
9
6
E
-
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