T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
, V
ol
.
17
,
No.
4,
A
ug
us
t
20
1
9,
p
p.
1
64
8
~1
655
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
,
accr
ed
ited
F
irst
Gr
ad
e b
y
K
em
en
r
istekdikti,
Decr
ee
No: 2
1/E/
K
P
T
/20
18
DOI:
10.12928/TE
LK
OM
N
IK
A
.v
1
7
i
4
.
12762
◼
16
48
Rec
ei
v
ed
O
c
tob
er
23
,
20
1
8
; Rev
i
s
ed
F
eb
r
u
ary
7
, 2
01
9
; A
c
c
ep
te
d
M
arc
h 1
5
,
20
1
9
Dual
e
le
me
nt
MI
MO p
l
anar i
nver
ted
-
F
a
nt
e
nn
a
fo
r 5
G
milli
me
te
r wave a
pp
li
cati
on
H. M.
R
. Nurul
*
1
,
Z.
Ma
n
so
r
2
,
M.
K. A.
Rahim
3
1
,
2
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Se
c
ti
o
n
,
Un
i
v
e
rs
i
ti
Ku
a
l
a
L
u
m
p
u
r Bri
t
i
s
h
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
n
I
n
s
ti
tu
te
,
Ba
tu
8
,
S
u
n
g
a
i
Pu
s
u
St
.
,
5
3
1
0
0
Gom
b
a
k
,
S
e
l
a
n
g
o
r,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
3
Sc
h
o
o
l
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
Fa
c
u
l
ty
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
Un
i
v
e
r
s
i
ti
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
,
UTM
J
B
8
1
3
1
0
Sk
u
d
a
i
,
J
o
h
o
r,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
*C
o
rre
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
a
u
th
o
r,
e
-
m
a
i
l
:
h
u
s
n
a
.ra
i
s
@s
.u
n
i
k
l
.e
d
u
.m
y
1
,
z
u
h
a
n
i
s
@
u
n
i
k
l
.
e
d
u
.
m
y
2
,
m
d
k
a
m
a
l
@ut
m
.
m
y
3
Ab
strac
t
Th
i
s
wor
k
p
r
e
s
e
n
ts
a
2
8
G
Hz
Dua
l
El
e
m
e
n
t
M
u
l
ti
p
l
e
In
p
u
t
M
u
l
ti
p
l
e
O
u
t
p
u
t
(M
IM
O
)
Pl
a
n
a
r
In
v
e
rt
e
d
-
F
An
t
e
n
n
a
fo
r
m
i
l
l
i
m
e
te
r
wav
e
5
G
m
o
b
i
l
e
t
e
rm
i
n
a
l
.
Th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
m
p
l
o
y
s
PIF
A
d
e
s
i
g
n
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
a
s
i
t
i
s
a
c
o
m
m
o
n
a
n
te
n
n
a
ty
p
e
u
s
e
f
o
r
m
o
b
i
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
a
s
i
t
p
ro
v
i
d
e
s
wi
d
e
b
a
n
d
wid
th
a
n
d
g
o
o
d
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
.
Th
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
d
e
s
i
g
n
b
e
g
i
n
s
wi
th
a
c
h
a
ra
c
te
r
i
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
PI
FA
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
th
e
n
e
x
te
n
d
e
d
to
Dua
l
El
e
m
e
n
t
M
IM
O
P
IF
A
d
e
s
i
g
n
.
Th
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
PIF
A
d
e
s
i
g
n
i
s
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
to
M
IM
O
d
e
s
i
g
n
b
y
e
x
t
e
n
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
ro
u
n
d
p
l
a
n
e
a
n
d
l
o
c
a
te
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
d
PIF
A
a
t
th
e
o
th
e
r
e
n
d
.
Is
o
l
a
ti
o
n
b
e
twe
e
n
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
th
e
M
IM
O
PIF
A
i
s
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
b
y
v
a
ry
i
n
g
th
e
g
a
p
d
i
s
ta
n
c
e
b
e
tw
e
e
n
th
e
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
Th
e
re
s
u
l
t
f
o
r
En
v
e
l
o
p
e
Corre
l
a
ti
o
n
Coe
ff
i
c
i
e
n
t,
Di
v
e
rs
i
ty
G
a
i
n
a
n
d
M
u
l
ti
p
l
e
x
i
n
g
Ef
fi
c
i
e
n
c
y
i
s
a
l
s
o
p
re
s
e
n
te
d
.
Th
e
s
i
m
u
l
a
ti
o
n
c
o
m
p
u
te
d
u
s
i
n
g
Com
p
u
te
r
Si
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(C
ST)
M
i
c
ro
wa
v
e
Stu
d
i
o
s
o
f
twa
re
.
Key
w
ords
:
5
G
,
i
s
o
l
a
ti
o
n
,
m
i
l
l
i
m
e
te
r
wav
e
,
PI
FA
Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
9
Uni
v
e
rsi
t
a
s
Ahm
a
d
D
a
hl
a
n.
All
rig
ht
s
r
e
s
e
rve
d
.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
T
he
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
g
en
er
ati
on
s
of
c
e
l
l
ul
ar
n
etwo
r
k
s
no
wada
y
s
f
ac
i
ng
g
l
ob
al
ba
nd
wi
dth
s
ho
r
tag
e.
Inc
r
e
as
i
ng
d
em
a
nd
i
n
hi
gh
er
da
t
a
r
at
es
,
h
i
gh
er
fr
e
qu
en
c
y
,
an
d
l
ow
l
ate
nc
y
r
eq
ui
r
e
ne
w
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
s
pe
c
tr
um
.
T
he
n
ew
g
en
er
ati
on
of
c
e
l
l
ul
ar
ne
tw
ork
s
,
5G
ut
i
l
i
z
es
mi
l
l
i
me
t
er
wav
e
s
pe
c
tr
um
.
T
he
uti
l
i
z
ati
on
o
f
m
i
l
l
i
me
ter
wav
e
s
pe
c
tr
u
m
h
as
r
ec
en
t
l
y
b
ee
n
pro
p
os
ed
du
e
to
i
ts
l
arge
s
pe
c
tr
u
m
av
ai
l
ab
i
l
i
ty
,
hi
g
he
r
ba
n
dwi
dth
,
h
i
g
h
da
t
a rat
e
an
d
c
an
h
an
d
l
e
l
arge
r
us
er c
a
pa
c
i
ty
c
om
pa
r
e
d
wi
th
t
od
ay
’
s
w
i
r
el
es
s
s
y
s
tem
s
[1,
2]
.
M
i
l
l
i
me
t
er
wav
e
s
p
ec
tr
um
us
ed
for
mo
b
i
l
e
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
on
i
s
Lo
c
a
l
M
ul
t
i
po
i
nt
D
i
s
tr
i
b
uti
on
S
erv
i
c
e
(
LM
D
S
)
ba
n
d.
LM
DS
u
s
es
a
c
el
l
u
l
ar
i
nfras
tr
uc
ture,
w
i
th
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
ba
s
e
s
tat
i
on
s
s
up
p
orti
n
g
p
oi
nt
-
to
-
mu
l
ti
po
i
nt
c
om
m
un
i
c
a
ti
on
t
o
s
ma
l
l
c
us
tom
er
tr
a
ns
c
ei
v
ers
.
Mi
l
l
i
me
t
er
wav
e
s
pe
c
tr
u
m
us
e
by
L
MDS
r
an
ge
s
be
twee
n
28
–
3
2
G
Hz
[3
-
5]
.
28
G
Hz
was
c
ho
s
e
n
as
th
e
fr
eq
u
en
c
y
of
o
pe
r
at
i
o
n
of
the
a
nte
nn
a
de
s
i
gn
as
de
fi
ne
d
by
r
es
ea
r
c
he
r
s
in
[6
-
9]
.
In
order
t
o
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
t
he
c
ha
nn
el
c
a
pa
c
i
ty
,
uti
l
i
z
a
ti
on
of
M
ul
t
i
p
l
e
I
np
ut
Mu
l
t
i
pl
e
O
utp
ut
(
MIM
O
)
s
y
s
tem
is
ne
ed
e
d
i
n
5G
wi
r
e
l
es
s
c
om
mu
ni
c
a
ti
on
s
y
s
tem
s
at
bo
t
h
the
tr
an
s
mi
t
ter
an
d
r
ec
ei
v
er
al
on
g
wi
t
h
s
om
e
c
om
p
l
ex
s
i
g
na
l
proc
es
s
i
n
g
[
10
]
.
C
om
p
ared
t
o
s
i
n
gl
e
a
nte
n
na
,
MIM
O
an
te
nn
a
h
as
hi
g
h
S
i
gn
a
l
to
Noi
s
e
Rat
i
o
(
S
NR)
r
es
ul
te
d
i
n
hi
g
he
r
da
t
a
r
ate
[1
1
,
12]
.
Chal
l
en
ge
i
n
ante
nn
a
d
es
i
g
n
for
th
e
m
ob
i
l
e
ter
mi
na
l
i
s
l
i
mi
t
ed
s
pa
c
e
of
m
ob
i
l
e
de
v
i
c
e
an
d
to
fu
l
fi
l
l
t
he
tec
hn
i
c
a
l
r
eq
ui
r
e
me
n
ts
for
M
IMO
an
ten
na
w
hi
c
h
i
s
l
o
w
c
orr
el
at
i
on
an
d
go
o
d
eff
i
c
i
en
c
y
.
Mu
l
ti
pl
e
an
te
nn
a
i
n
MIM
O
an
t
en
n
a
d
es
i
gn
w
i
l
l
i
ntro
du
c
e
i
s
ol
at
i
o
n.
A
t
pres
en
t,
s
ev
er
al
tec
hn
i
qu
es
em
p
l
oy
ed
to
a
nte
n
na
d
es
i
gn
t
o
i
m
prov
e
t
he
i
s
o
l
at
i
on
.
In
[1
3]
,
di
f
feren
t
or
i
en
tat
i
on
s
of
a
nte
n
na
el
e
me
nts
e
mp
l
oy
ed
t
o
the
an
ten
na
d
es
i
gn
t
o
i
m
pro
v
e
the
i
s
o
l
at
i
on
.
I
n
[14
]
s
tub
s
an
d
s
l
ots
de
s
i
g
n
em
pl
oy
e
d
to
th
e
an
te
nn
a
d
es
i
g
n
to
r
ed
uc
e
mu
tua
l
c
ou
p
l
i
ng
b
etwe
en
two
ad
j
ac
en
t
an
te
nn
a
e
l
e
me
nt
.
A
c
o
mp
a
c
t
de
c
o
up
l
i
n
g
ne
tw
ork
for
en
ha
nc
i
n
g
t
he
po
r
t
i
s
o
l
at
i
o
n
b
etwe
en
two
c
l
os
el
y
s
pa
c
e
d a
n
ten
na
s
i
s
propos
e
d i
n
[1
5]
.
T
hi
s
r
es
ea
r
c
h
w
ork
s
on
du
al
e
l
e
me
n
t
MI
MO
P
IF
A
a
nt
en
na
de
s
i
gn
f
oc
us
on
the
i
s
ol
at
i
on
i
mp
r
ov
e
me
nt
by
v
ary
i
ng
t
he
ga
p
d
i
s
tan
c
e
be
tw
ee
n
the
an
te
nn
a
e
l
e
me
n
ts
.
T
he
propos
e
d
an
te
nn
a
d
es
i
g
n
ap
pl
i
ed
P
I
F
A
de
s
i
gn
,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
a
c
o
mm
o
n
an
t
en
n
a
us
ed
f
or
mo
b
i
l
e
ph
o
ne
.
P
IFA
ha
s
ma
ny
ad
v
a
nta
g
e
s
of
th
e
d
es
i
r
ed
c
r
os
s
po
l
a
r
i
z
ati
o
n,
ea
s
y
fee
di
ng
,
s
i
m
pl
e
to
fab
r
i
c
ate
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N:
1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
Dual
el
em
en
t
MIM
O
pl
a
na
r
i
nv
erted
-
F
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
5G
mi
l
l
i
me
t
er…
(
H.
M.
R.
Nuru
l
)
1649
an
d
ea
s
y
t
o
pl
ac
e
i
n
mo
bi
l
e
term
i
na
l
[16
-
1
8]
.
T
he
s
i
ng
l
e
P
IFA
d
es
i
gn
h
as
b
ee
n
ex
te
nd
e
d
to
MIM
O
a
nte
n
na
by
i
nc
r
ea
s
i
ng
t
he
w
i
dt
h
of
the
grou
nd
p
l
an
e.
M
ea
n
whi
l
e
the
s
ec
on
d
P
IFA
el
e
me
nt
i
s
a
dd
e
d
t
o
t
he
ot
he
r
e
nd
of
th
e
groun
d
pl
a
ne
.
Is
ol
a
ti
on
wi
t
hi
n
t
he
an
t
en
na
e
l
e
me
nt
en
ha
nc
ed
by
pl
ac
i
ng
th
e
s
ec
on
d
e
l
em
en
t
wi
thi
n
ac
c
ep
tab
l
e
ga
p
di
s
ta
nc
e.
It
i
s
a
s
i
mp
l
e
me
t
ho
d
by
ad
j
us
t
i
ng
th
e
w
i
d
th
of
t
he
grou
nd
p
l
an
e
t
o
ma
k
e
t
he
ga
p
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
an
t
en
n
a
el
e
me
nts
wi
d
er.
T
he
ou
t
l
i
n
e
of
th
i
s
p
ap
er
i
s
as
fo
l
l
ows
.
S
ec
t
i
on
1
d
i
s
c
us
s
es
the
i
n
tr
od
uc
t
i
on
of
MIM
O
an
te
nn
a
for
5G
t
ec
hn
ol
o
g
y
,
an
te
nn
a
i
s
o
l
at
i
on
an
d
p
aramet
er
to
c
h
arac
teri
z
e
MIM
O
a
nte
nn
a
.
S
ec
ti
on
2
pres
e
nts
th
e
d
es
i
gn
m
eth
od
o
l
og
y
of
t
he
s
i
ng
l
e
e
l
e
me
n
t
P
IFA
de
s
i
gn
an
d
du
al
el
em
e
nt
MIM
O
P
IFA
de
s
i
gn
.
S
ec
ti
on
3
el
ab
orat
es
the
r
es
ul
ts
an
d
d
i
s
c
us
s
i
on
of
t
hi
s
wor
k
an
d
t
he
p
aram
etri
c
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
o
f th
e p
r
op
os
ed
de
s
i
gn
.
T
h
e o
bj
ec
ti
v
es
of
t
hi
s
work
are
ex
pl
ai
ne
d
as
:
-
T
o p
r
op
os
e
a s
i
n
g
l
e
P
IFA
f
or 28 GH
z
fre
qu
e
nc
y
.
-
T
o p
r
od
uc
e
Du
al
E
l
em
en
t
MIM
O
P
IFA
de
s
i
gn
f
or 28
G
Hz
freque
nc
y
.
-
Inv
es
ti
g
ate
t
he
eff
ec
t
of
th
e
ga
p
di
s
ta
nc
e b
etwe
en
t
he
an
te
nn
a
el
em
e
nt
.
-
E
v
al
u
ate
r
es
ul
ts
for
e
nv
el
op
e
c
orr
e
l
at
i
o
n
c
oe
f
fi
c
i
en
t
(
E
CC)
,
mu
l
ti
pl
ex
i
ng
eff
i
c
i
en
c
y
(
ME
)
and
di
v
ers
i
ty
ga
i
n (DG
)
a
wi
th
a
d
i
ffe
r
e
nt
g
ap
di
s
ta
nc
e o
f t
he
an
te
nn
a
el
em
en
t.
2.
D
es
ign
Me
t
h
o
d
o
log
y
2.1.
S
ing
le
E
le
men
t
P
IF
A
T
he
propos
e
d
P
l
an
ar
Inv
e
r
ted
-
F
A
nte
nn
a
(
P
IFA)
as
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
ure
1
c
on
s
i
s
ts
of
the
r
a
di
ati
ng
pa
tc
h,
s
ho
r
t
i
n
g
p
l
ate
a
nd
grou
nd
pl
a
ne
.
RT
/Duroi
d
58
8
0
s
ub
s
tr
at
e
wi
th
a
thi
c
k
ne
s
s
of
1.
57
5
mm
an
d
p
ermi
tti
v
i
ty
,
=
2.2
i
s
us
e
d
i
n
t
he
propos
ed
an
ten
na
.
T
he
di
m
en
s
i
o
n
of
the
r
ad
i
at
i
n
g
pa
tc
h
i
s
L
1
an
d
L
2
an
d
t
he
gro
un
d
p
l
an
e
i
s
L
g
×
W
g
.
T
he
r
ad
i
at
i
ng
p
atc
h
pl
a
c
e
on
to
p
of
the
grou
nd
pl
an
e
w
i
th
h
ei
g
ht,
h=
0.
25
m
m
.
T
he
ga
p
be
twe
en
th
e
pa
tc
h
an
d
t
he
grou
nd
p
l
an
e,
h
i
s
fi
l
l
ed
wi
t
h
ai
r
s
ub
s
tr
at
e
w
i
th
pe
r
mi
tt
i
v
i
ty
,
=
1.
T
h
e
s
ho
r
t
i
ng
p
l
at
e
i
s
us
e
d
t
o
c
on
n
ec
t
th
e
an
te
nn
a
pa
tc
h
a
nd
grou
nd
pl
a
ne
.
In
the
s
i
m
ul
ati
on
,
th
e
5
0
Ω
di
s
c
r
ete
po
r
ts
a
r
e
u
s
ed
to
fe
ed
i
n
the
bo
tt
om
l
i
n
e
of
t
he
r
ec
t
an
gu
l
ar
pa
tc
h
.
T
he
di
s
t
an
c
e
of
t
he
fee
di
ng
po
s
i
ti
o
n
t
o
th
e
s
h
orti
ng
pl
at
e i
s
0.4
3
mm
.
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
T
h
e g
e
om
etry
of
t
he
pro
po
s
ed
P
IF
A
2.2.
P
IFA
D
es
ign
C
alc
u
l
atio
n
T
he
o
pe
r
at
i
ng
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
o
f
a
mi
c
r
os
tr
i
p
pa
tc
h
a
nte
n
na
i
s
i
nv
ers
el
y
pro
po
r
ti
on
a
l
to
i
ts
ph
y
s
i
c
al
di
me
ns
i
on
.
In
(
1)
s
ho
ws
tha
t
th
e
r
es
on
an
t
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
i
s
i
nv
ers
el
y
p
r
op
orti
on
a
l
to
the
p
atc
h
l
en
gth
.
T
he
l
en
gth
o
f
th
e
pa
tc
h
c
an
be
c
al
c
ul
ate
d
us
i
ng
f
ormu
l
a
(
2
)
a
nd
(
3).
T
he
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
of
op
erat
i
o
n,
f
us
ed
i
n
t
he
c
a
l
c
u
l
at
i
on
i
s
28
G
Hz
as
pres
en
t
ed
i
n
[
19
,
20]
.
F
or
a
s
tan
da
r
d,
prob
e
fee
d,
qu
ar
ter
wav
e
m
i
c
r
os
tr
i
p
pa
tc
h
an
te
nn
a,
t
he
o
pe
r
at
i
n
g
fr
e
qu
en
c
y
c
an
b
e
ap
prox
i
ma
t
el
y
d
ete
r
m
i
n
ed
f
r
om
th
e l
en
gt
h o
f
th
e
an
t
en
na
p
atc
h a
s
f
ol
l
ows
:
=
4
(
1
+
2
)
(
1)
1
≈
4
=
1
4
√
(
2)
2
=
4
√
2
+
1
(
3)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
4
,
A
ug
us
t
20
19
:
1
64
8
-
1
6
55
1650
i
n
(
4)
c
an
be
us
e
d
t
o
f
i
n
d
t
he
t
ota
l
l
en
gth
[2
1]
.
T
he
l
e
ng
th
an
d
w
i
d
th,
L
1
an
d
L
2
o
f
th
e
p
atc
h
tha
t
c
an
be
c
a
l
c
ul
ate
d a
s
:
=
4
(
1
+
2
)
(
1
+
2
)
=
=
4
(
4)
w
he
r
e
c
=
fr
ee
s
pa
c
e
v
e
l
oc
i
t
y
of
l
i
gh
t
3×
10
8
m/s
,
f
=
fr
e
qu
en
c
y
of
op
erat
i
on
a
nd
i
s
th
e
to
tal
l
en
gth
of
L
1
a
nd
L
2
.
Le
ng
t
h
of
L
1
a
nd
L
2
a
pp
r
ox
i
ma
t
el
y
th
e
s
a
me
v
al
ue
.
T
h
us
,
the
c
a
l
c
ul
a
ted
tot
al
l
e
ng
th
i
s
the
n
d
i
v
i
d
ed
by
2
f
or
pr
el
i
mi
na
r
y
d
i
me
ns
i
o
n
of
L
1
an
d
L
2
.
T
h
e
p
atc
h
l
en
gth
a
nd
w
i
dth
are
op
ti
mi
z
e
d
by
s
ev
era
l
s
i
m
ul
ati
o
ns
to
1.8
mm
an
d
1.4
mm
r
es
pe
c
t
i
v
el
y
.
T
he
s
i
z
e
of
th
e
gro
un
d
pl
a
ne
L
g
an
d
W
g
is
5 m
m
×
1.5
m
m.
2.3.
MIM
O
P
IFA
D
es
ign
MIM
O
P
IFA
d
es
i
gn
i
s
c
h
arac
teri
z
ed
by
a
n
ex
ten
s
i
on
o
f
t
he
groun
d
pl
a
ne
wi
dt
h
to
the
o
pti
mi
z
e
d
v
al
ue
a
nd
t
he
ot
he
r
P
IFA
i
s
el
em
e
nt
pl
ac
e
d
at
t
he
oth
er
en
d
of
the
de
s
i
gn
.
T
he
s
i
ng
l
e
e
l
e
me
nt
P
IFA
d
es
i
gn
i
s
ex
ten
d
ed
to
b
e
tw
o
el
e
me
n
ts
P
IFA.
T
h
e
s
ec
on
d
e
l
em
en
t
i
s
the
m
i
r
r
or
fe
atu
r
e
of
t
he
f
i
r
s
t
el
em
e
nt
as
s
h
own
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
T
h
e
o
pti
mi
z
e
d
p
aramet
ers
for
the
prop
os
ed
an
t
en
n
a
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
T
a
bl
e
1
.
T
h
e
wi
dth
of
the
gro
un
d
pl
a
ne
i
s
ex
ten
de
d
to
op
ti
mi
z
e
wh
i
l
e
th
e
l
en
gth
o
f
the
grou
nd
pl
an
e
i
s
s
i
mi
l
ar
wi
t
h
th
e
l
en
gth
of
the
gr
ou
nd
p
l
an
e
for
the
s
i
n
gl
e
e
l
em
en
t
w
hi
c
h
i
s
5
mm
.
T
h
e
s
ec
on
d
r
ad
i
ati
n
g
pa
tc
h
i
s
l
oc
ate
d
at
t
he
ed
ge
of
th
e
groun
d
pl
a
ne
.
T
he
d
i
me
ns
i
on
of
t
he
r
ad
i
at
i
ng
p
at
c
h
for
the
M
IMO
de
s
i
gn
i
s
op
ti
m
i
z
ed
to
1.25×
1.
85
m
m.
I
n
order
to
i
mp
l
em
e
nt
the
MM
O
de
s
i
gn
,
th
e
s
pa
c
i
n
g
be
tw
ee
n
a
nte
nn
a
e
l
em
en
ts
needs
t
o
b
e
o
pti
mi
z
e
d
to
p
r
ov
i
de
go
o
d
i
s
o
l
at
i
o
n
c
ha
r
a
c
teri
s
ti
c
.
T
he
c
al
c
u
l
at
i
on
of
the
di
s
ta
nc
e
(
D
)
be
twee
n
the
tw
o
e
l
em
e
nts
,
whi
c
h
i
s
ha
l
f
w
av
el
en
g
t
h
(
/
2
)
c
al
c
ul
at
i
on
i
s
de
s
c
r
i
be
d
as
fol
l
ow
s
[22
,
23]
:
=
2
(
5)
w
he
r
e
=
0.
01
1m
m
wh
i
c
h i
s
wav
el
e
ng
t
h f
or
28
G
Hz
freq
ue
nc
y
.
F
or
the
op
t
i
m
i
z
at
i
on
of
the
MIM
O
P
IFA
,
th
e
c
a
l
c
ul
ate
d
v
al
u
e
i
s
us
ed
as
th
e
pr
el
i
mi
n
ary
ga
p
b
etwe
en
P
IFA
1
an
d
P
IFA
2.
E
l
e
me
n
t
i
n
MIM
O
a
n
ten
n
a
de
s
i
gn
h
as
to
k
ee
p
a
pa
r
t
to
r
ed
uc
e
the
m
utu
al
c
o
up
l
i
n
g.
M
utu
a
l
c
ou
p
l
i
ng
be
tw
ee
n
an
t
en
n
a
el
em
e
nt
w
i
l
l
af
fec
t
th
e
an
ten
n
a
ga
i
n
an
d
eff
i
c
i
en
c
y
[22]
.
T
h
e
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
an
d
r
es
ul
t
of
t
he
s
i
m
ul
a
ti
on
of
th
e
MIM
O
a
nte
n
na
w
i
th
di
ff
erent
g
ap
di
s
tan
c
e
wi
l
l
be
di
s
c
us
s
ed
i
n S
ec
t
i
on
3.
F
i
gu
r
e
2
. G
e
om
etry
o
f d
u
al
el
e
me
nt
MI
MO
P
IFA
d
es
i
gn
T
ab
l
e
1.
D
i
m
en
s
i
on
s
of
P
r
o
po
s
ed
A
nt
en
n
a
P
a
r
a
met
e
r
s
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
S
ing
e
P
I
F
A
MI
M
O
P
I
F
A
L
1
×
L
2
1
.
4
m
m×
1
.
8
mm
1
.
2
5
mm
×.
8
5
mm
L
g
×
W
g
5
mm
×
1
.
5
mm
5
mm
×
8
.
0
m
m
3.
Re
sult
s
a
n
d
An
aly
s
is
T
hi
s
s
ec
ti
o
n
d
i
s
c
us
s
ed
the
r
es
ul
ts
or
s
i
n
gl
e
el
em
en
t
P
IFA
de
s
i
gn
a
nd
D
ua
l
E
l
em
en
t
MIM
O
P
IF
A
d
es
i
gn
as
s
ho
wn
i
n
s
ec
ti
o
n
3.1
,
s
ec
t
i
o
n
3.2
r
es
pe
c
t
i
v
el
y
.
S
ec
ti
on
3
.3
s
ho
ws
th
e
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
of
th
e Du
al
E
l
em
e
nt
MI
MO
P
IF
A
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N:
1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
Dual
el
em
en
t
MIM
O
pl
a
na
r
i
nv
erted
-
F
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
5G
mi
l
l
i
me
t
er…
(
H.
M.
R.
Nuru
l
)
1651
3.1.
S
ing
le
E
le
men
t
P
IF
A
Result
T
he
s
i
mu
l
ate
d
r
et
urn
l
os
s
o
f
the
prop
os
ed
an
t
en
n
a
i
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
g
ure
3.
T
he
pro
po
s
ed
an
te
nn
a
r
es
o
na
te
w
el
l
wi
t
hi
n
2
8
G
Hz
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
and
ex
hi
b
i
t
l
ar
ge
ba
nd
w
i
dt
h
u
p
to
2.6
8
G
Hz
(
26
.3
-
29
.3
G
Hz
)
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
ate
d
3D
far
-
fi
el
d
v
i
e
w
of
t
he
pro
po
s
ed
an
ten
na
s
h
o
wn
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
4
.
T
he
r
ad
i
at
i
o
n
p
att
ern
of
the
pr
op
os
e
d
a
nte
n
na
pr
od
uc
ed
a
l
mo
s
t
om
ni
d
i
r
ec
t
i
on
al
pa
tt
ern.
T
he
f
ar
-
fi
e
l
d
pa
t
tern
s
ho
w
ed
up
war
d
r
a
di
a
ti
o
n
w
i
th
3.
1
1
9
d
B
ga
i
n.
T
he
to
tal
e
ffi
c
i
e
nc
y
of
the
an
te
nn
a
i
s
98
%.
F
i
gu
r
e
3.
S
i
mu
l
ate
d
S
11
(
dB
)
of
th
e
pro
po
s
ed
s
i
ng
l
e e
l
e
me
nt
P
IF
A
at
28
G
Hz
F
i
gu
r
e
4.
T
h
e s
i
m
ul
ate
d
far
-
fi
el
d p
a
tte
r
n
of
s
i
ng
l
e e
l
e
me
nt
P
IF
A
i
n 3
D
3.2.
Du
al
E
lem
ent
MI
MO
P
IFA
R
es
u
lt
T
hi
s
s
i
m
ul
ate
d
r
es
u
l
ts
for
s
c
att
erin
g
p
aram
ete
r
are
s
h
own
i
nc
l
ud
i
ng
ga
i
n,
eff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
an
d
3D
f
ar
-
fi
e
l
d
pa
t
tern
of
the
Dual
E
l
e
me
nt
MIM
O
P
IF
A
for
5
mm
ga
p
di
s
ta
nc
e.
T
he
5
mm
ga
p
di
s
tan
c
e
c
al
c
u
l
at
ed
fr
om
t
he
prev
i
o
us
s
ec
ti
o
n
i
s
as
a
prel
i
m
i
na
r
y
v
a
l
u
e
f
or
t
he
op
t
i
mi
z
ati
on
of
th
e
ga
p.
T
h
e
5
m
m
g
ap
di
s
ta
nc
e
ex
t
en
de
d
fr
om
th
e
wi
dth
of
th
e
gro
un
d
p
l
a
n
e
of
th
e
s
i
ng
l
e
el
e
me
nt
wh
i
c
h
i
s
1.5
mm
.
T
he
s
ec
on
d
a
nte
nn
a
el
e
me
nt
pl
ac
ed
at
t
he
e
dg
e
of
th
e
ex
te
nd
e
d
groun
d p
l
an
e i
s
t
he
m
i
r
r
or f
ea
ture
of
t
he
f
i
r
s
t a
nt
en
n
a e
l
em
en
t.
F
i
gu
r
e
5
s
h
ows
th
e
s
c
att
erin
g
pa
r
a
me
t
er
r
es
u
l
t
o
f
the
Dua
l
E
l
em
en
t
MIM
O
P
IF
A
.
T
he
an
t
en
n
a
r
es
on
a
tes
wi
t
h
wi
d
e
ba
nd
w
i
dth
26
.
41
–
3
0.1
8
G
Hz
(
3.7
7
G
Hz
)
.
It
c
an
be
s
ee
n
tha
t
the
a
nte
nn
a
ha
s
h
i
gh
i
s
o
l
ati
o
n,
w
i
th
-
1
4
d
B
a
t
28
G
Hz
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
.
T
h
i
s
i
s
d
ue
to
the
c
l
os
e
di
s
tan
c
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
P
IF
A
1
an
d
P
IF
A
2.
3D
fa
r
-
fi
el
d
pa
tte
r
n
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
6
(
a)
for
P
IFA
1
an
d
F
i
gu
r
e
6
(
b)
f
or
P
IFA
2.
T
he
r
ad
i
ate
d
far
-
fi
el
d
pa
tt
ern
s
ho
ws
up
w
ard
r
ad
i
a
t
i
on
a
nd
away
fr
o
m
ea
c
h o
t
he
r
.
T
h
e a
nte
n
na
r
a
di
at
ed
ou
tp
erfor
m
ed
w
i
th
4.
68
4
dB
ga
i
n a
nd
96
.6
% eff
i
c
i
en
c
y
.
(
a)
(
b)
F
i
gu
r
e
5.
S
i
mu
l
ate
d s
c
att
eri
ng
p
arame
ter for
the
d
ua
l
e
l
em
en
t
P
IF
A
wi
th
5 m
m
ga
p
di
s
ta
nc
e
F
i
gu
r
e
6.
3
D F
ar f
i
el
d p
att
er
n f
or th
e d
ua
l
el
e
me
nt
P
IF
A
w
i
th
5 m
m g
ap
d
i
s
tan
c
e
(
a) far
-
fi
e
l
d p
att
er
n f
or p
ort
1
(
b) far
-
fi
e
l
d p
att
er
n f
or p
ort
2
3.3
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
Du
a
l E
l
e
men
t
MI
MO
P
IFA
w
it
h
Dif
f
er
ent
G
ap D
istan
c
e
T
he
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
of
the
g
ap
d
i
s
tan
c
e
be
twe
en
MI
MO
P
I
F
A
el
e
me
nts
i
s
c
arr
i
ed
ou
t
fr
om
5
mm
to
40
m
m
wi
t
h
5
m
m
i
nc
r
em
en
t
T
a
bl
e
2
s
um
ma
r
i
z
es
the
10
d
B
ba
nd
w
i
dth
of
t
he
Du
al
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
4
,
A
ug
us
t
20
19
:
1
64
8
-
1
6
55
1652
E
l
e
me
nt
MIM
O
P
IFA.
T
h
e
c
on
f
i
g
urat
i
on
of
t
he
P
IF
A
1
an
d
P
IF
A
2
are
i
d
en
t
i
c
al
t
o
ea
c
h
oth
er,
thu
s
th
e
r
es
u
l
ts
are
s
i
m
i
l
ar
.
T
he
10
d
B
b
an
d
wi
d
th
f
or
al
l
ga
p
di
s
ta
nc
e
a
pp
r
ox
i
ma
tel
y
t
he
s
a
me
ba
nd
wi
d
th
i
nd
i
c
ate
s
t
ha
t
t
he
s
ep
arati
on
be
tw
ee
n
th
e
an
t
en
n
a
e
l
e
me
nt
no
t
af
fec
ted
t
o
th
e
an
te
nn
a
r
e
s
on
an
c
e.
A
s
pr
es
en
te
d
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
7,
t
he
ga
p
di
s
tan
c
e
aff
ec
te
d
to
th
e
mu
tu
al
c
ou
pl
i
ng
be
twe
en
t
he
an
ten
na
e
l
e
m
en
t.
T
h
e
ga
p
be
tw
ee
n
the
a
nte
n
na
e
l
em
en
t
i
s
de
f
i
ne
d
s
i
nc
e
th
e
r
es
ul
t
i
s
s
i
g
ni
f
i
c
an
t
.
F
i
gu
r
e
7
s
ho
ws
the
s
i
m
ul
ate
d
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
i
on
c
o
eff
i
c
i
e
nt
(S
12
)
of
t
he
Dua
l
E
l
em
en
t
P
IFA
wi
t
h d
i
ff
erent
ga
p
d
i
s
tan
c
e.
C
l
os
e
ga
p d
i
s
tan
c
e
b
etwe
e
n t
w
o a
nte
nn
a
el
em
e
nt
wi
l
l
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
the
mu
t
ua
l
c
o
up
l
i
n
g,
wh
i
c
h
i
s
th
e
el
ec
tr
o
ma
gn
et
i
c
i
nte
r
ac
ti
on
be
t
wee
n
t
he
an
ten
n
a
el
e
me
nts
tha
t
wi
l
l
af
f
ec
t t
he
i
s
ol
ati
on
v
al
ue
[2
4
,
25]
.
It c
a
n
be
s
e
en
f
or th
e
5
mm
ga
p
d
i
s
tan
c
e,
th
e a
nte
nn
a
ha
s
p
oo
r
i
s
ol
ati
on
,
wh
i
c
h
i
s
-
14
d
B
.
I
nc
r
ea
s
i
n
g
the
g
ap
di
s
t
an
c
e
wi
l
l
i
mp
r
ov
e
th
e
i
s
ol
at
i
on
v
al
ue
wi
th
the
hi
gh
es
t
i
s
o
l
at
i
o
n
v
al
u
e
i
s
-
25
dB
wh
en
th
e
a
nte
nn
a
el
em
en
t
s
k
ee
p
a
pa
r
t
wi
th
40
mm
ga
p.
T
ab
l
e
2
.
R
es
ul
t S
um
m
ary
f
or the
D
ua
l
E
l
e
me
n
t M
I
MO
P
IFA
Ga
p
D
is
t
a
n
c
e
(
mm
)
E
lemen
t
s
1
0
d
B
B
a
n
d
w
idt
h
(
MHz
)
Ga
p
D
is
t
a
n
c
e
(
mm
)
E
lemen
t
s
1
0
d
B
B
a
n
d
w
idt
h
(
MHz
)
5
P
I
F
A
1
3770
25
P
I
F
A
1
3680
P
I
F
A
2
3770
P
I
F
A
2
3680
10
P
I
F
A
1
3720
30
P
I
F
A
1
3750
P
I
F
A
2
3720
P
I
F
A
2
3720
15
P
I
F
A
1
3640
35
P
I
F
A
1
3710
P
I
F
A
2
3640
P
I
F
A
2
3710
20
P
I
F
A
1
3710
40
P
I
F
A
1
3766
P
I
F
A
2
3710
P
I
F
A
2
3766
F
i
gu
r
e
7.
S
i
mu
l
ate
d
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
c
oe
ff
i
c
i
e
nt
(S
12
)
fo
r
t
h
e
du
al
el
e
me
nt
MI
MO
P
IFA
wi
th
di
f
ferent
ga
p d
i
s
tan
c
e
F
i
gu
r
e
8
r
ep
r
es
e
nts
t
he
ga
i
n
an
d
t
he
eff
i
c
i
e
nc
y
of
th
e
Du
al
E
l
e
me
nt
M
IMO
P
IF
A
w
i
th
di
ff
erent
g
ap
d
i
s
tan
c
e.
A
s
s
ho
wn
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
8,
fr
om
the
15
mm
ga
p
d
i
s
tan
c
e
t
o
20
mm
ga
p
di
s
tan
c
e
,
the
an
ten
na
ga
i
n
r
i
s
e
up
s
ha
r
pl
y
ap
prox
i
ma
te
l
y
1
dB
i
nc
r
em
e
nt
a
nd
the
n
s
l
owl
y
s
us
tai
n
the
ga
i
n
v
al
u
e.
T
hi
s
s
i
tua
t
i
on
s
i
m
i
l
ar
to
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
ef
fi
c
i
en
c
y
,
wh
ere
t
he
eff
i
c
i
en
c
y
r
i
s
e
s
ha
r
pl
y
at
th
e
s
am
e
ga
p
di
s
tan
c
e.
Inc
r
ea
s
i
ng
th
e
ga
p
di
s
tan
c
e
i
mp
r
ov
ed
th
e
i
s
o
l
ati
o
n
an
d
th
i
s
al
s
o
c
on
tr
i
b
ute
t
o
t
he
e
nh
a
nc
em
en
t
of
the
an
ten
na
ga
i
n
a
nd
eff
i
c
i
en
c
y
.
T
h
e
m
ax
i
mu
m
v
a
l
u
e
of
the
g
ai
n i
s
6
.73
0 d
B
a
nd
t
ot
al
e
ffi
c
i
en
c
y
i
s
9
9.9
%
ac
hi
e
v
ed
wi
t
h 4
0 m
m g
a
p d
i
s
tan
c
e.
T
he
s
i
mu
l
ate
d
r
es
u
l
ts
for
en
v
el
op
e
c
orr
el
at
i
o
n
c
oe
ffi
c
i
en
t
(
E
CC)
,
di
v
ers
i
ty
ga
i
n
a
nd
mu
l
t
i
p
l
ex
i
ng
ef
fi
c
i
en
c
y
be
tw
ee
n
P
IFA
1
an
d
P
IF
A
2
ar
e
pres
en
t
ed
i
n
T
ab
l
e
3.
T
h
e
E
CC
i
s
us
ed
to
ev
a
l
u
ate
th
e
d
i
v
ers
i
ty
c
ap
ab
i
l
i
ty
of
mu
l
ti
-
a
nte
nn
a
s
y
s
tem
.
T
he
E
CC
v
a
l
u
e
l
o
wer
th
an
0.0
2
s
ho
ws
tha
t
th
e
MIM
O
an
te
nn
a
ha
v
i
ng
go
o
d
d
i
v
ers
i
ty
pe
r
forma
nc
e
[
26
]
.
B
as
ed
o
n
th
e
r
es
u
l
ts
,
i
t
c
an
b
e
s
ee
n
t
ha
t
the
v
al
u
e
of
th
e
E
CC
ap
pr
oa
c
hi
ng
to
z
ero
r
e
pres
en
ts
the
r
ad
i
a
ti
on
pa
tte
r
n
of
P
IFA
1
a
nd
P
IF
A
2
di
r
ec
ted
away
fr
om
e
ac
h
oth
er,
whi
c
h
i
s
ne
ar
l
y
un
c
orr
el
a
ted
.
F
r
om
th
e
c
orr
el
ati
on
,
a
di
v
ers
i
ty
ga
i
n
(
DG
)
of
a
MIM
O
an
ten
na
c
an
be
de
f
i
ne
d.
F
or
t
wo
un
c
orr
el
ate
d
an
te
nn
a,
t
h
e
d
i
v
ers
i
ty
ga
i
n
wi
l
l
be
ap
prox
i
m
ate
l
y
1
0
d
B
.
Mu
l
ti
p
l
ex
i
ng
eff
i
c
i
e
nc
y
(
ME
)
i
s
d
efi
ne
d
fr
om
th
e e
nv
el
o
pe
c
orr
e
l
at
i
on
a
nd
t
he
g
ai
n o
f
the
two
an
te
nn
a
el
em
e
nt.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N:
1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
Dual
el
em
en
t
MIM
O
pl
a
na
r
i
nv
erted
-
F
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
5G
mi
l
l
i
me
t
er…
(
H.
M.
R.
Nuru
l
)
1653
(
a)
(
b)
F
i
gu
r
e
8.
T
h
e s
i
m
ul
ate
d
(
a) gai
n a
md
(
b) effi
c
i
en
c
y
fo
r
th
e
pr
o
po
s
ed
a
nte
n
na
w
i
th
di
ffe
r
e
nt
g
ap
d
i
s
tan
c
e
T
ab
l
e
3.
P
erfor
ma
nc
e
Cha
r
ac
teri
s
ti
c
of
th
e
Du
al
E
l
em
e
nt
MI
MO
P
IF
A
wi
th
Di
ff
erent G
ap
D
i
s
tan
c
e
Ga
p
D
is
t
a
n
c
e
E
n
v
e
lop
e
C
o
r
r
e
lat
ion
D
iv
e
r
s
i
t
y
Ga
in
(
d
B
)
Mult
iple
x
ing
E
f
f
i
c
ien
c
y
5
mm
0
.
0
0
0
6
0
1
0
9
.
9
9
8
6
9
3
5
-
0
.
2
1
2
2
4
9
1
0
mm
0
.
0
0
0
1
3
7
8
9
.
9
9
9
7
0
0
7
-
0
.
0
8
4
9
8
5
5
1
5
mm
0
.
0
0
0
0
1
8
5
9
.
9
9
9
9
5
9
8
-
0
.
0
7
0
1
4
9
5
2
0
mm
0
.
0
0
0
0
1
0
8
9
.
9
9
9
9
7
6
4
-
0
.
0
7
6
2
1
1
7
2
5
mm
0
.
0
0
0
0
1
2
1
9
.
9
9
9
9
5
3
1
-
0
.
0
9
4
6
9
6
1
3
0
mm
0
.
0
0
0
1
3
6
9
9
.
9
9
9
4
2
8
9
-
0
.
0
9
1
8
8
4
7
3
5
mm
0
.
0
0
0
1
3
6
9
9
.
9
9
9
4
2
8
9
-
0
.
0
9
1
8
8
4
7
4
0
m
m
0
.
0
0
0
2
6
3
0
9
.
9
9
9
4
2
8
0
-
0
.
0
9
3
7
2
0
1
3.4
.
S
imu
l
ated
R
etu
r
n
L
o
ss
and
Radi
atio
n
P
a
t
t
er
n
o
f
t
h
e
An
t
enn
a
w
it
h
20
m
m
G
ap Dist
an
ce
F
r
om
ob
s
erv
at
i
o
n
of
the
r
es
ul
ts
for
ga
i
n
a
nd
eff
i
c
i
en
c
y
of
t
he
pr
op
os
e
d
a
nt
en
na
,
i
t
s
h
ows
t
ha
t
the
a
nte
nn
a
s
us
tai
ns
t
he
pe
r
f
orma
nc
e
s
tart
for
m
20
mm
g
ap
di
s
t
a
nc
e
T
h
erefore,
the
prop
os
ed
a
nte
nn
a
d
ec
i
de
d
to
us
e
20
m
m
ga
p
di
s
t
an
c
e
as
the
be
s
t
op
t
i
m
i
z
a
ti
on
.
F
i
gu
r
e
9
s
ho
ws
the
s
i
mu
l
at
ed
s
c
att
e
r
i
ng
pa
r
am
ete
r
w
i
th
3.
71
G
Hz
ba
nd
wi
dth
an
d
-
23
dB
i
s
ol
at
i
on
.
P
ol
ar
pl
ot
of
the
r
ad
i
at
i
on
pa
t
ter
n
for
P
IFA
1
an
d
P
IF
A
2
pres
en
te
d
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
10
.
T
h
e
po
l
ar
pl
o
t
for
bo
th
e
l
em
en
t
s
are
i
d
en
t
i
c
al
to
ea
c
h
ot
he
r
.
T
he
c
o
-
po
l
a
r
i
z
ati
o
n
c
o
mp
o
ne
n
ts
x
-
z
pl
an
e
(
∅
=0
0
)
for
bo
th
el
em
e
nt
s
ho
wed
i
n
s
ol
i
d
l
i
n
e
wh
i
l
e
th
e
c
r
os
s
po
l
ariz
ati
on
c
om
po
ne
nt
y
-
z
pl
a
ne
(
∅
=
90
0
)
s
ho
wed
i
n
da
s
he
d
l
i
n
e.
T
he
MI
MO
P
IFA
a
l
s
o
s
i
mu
l
ate
d
w
i
th
bo
th
po
r
t
ex
c
i
t
ed
.
B
oth
po
r
t
ex
c
i
tat
i
on
g
i
v
e
c
o
mb
i
na
t
i
on
o
f
far
-
fi
el
d
fr
o
m
bo
t
h
e
l
e
me
nts
.
G
ai
n
of
t
he
MI
MO
P
IFA
w
i
th
bo
t
h
po
r
t
ex
c
i
t
e
i
s
4.
63
dB
a
nd
t
he
t
ota
l
e
ffi
c
i
en
c
y
i
s
99
%
.
F
i
gu
r
e
11
s
ho
ws
the
3D
r
a
di
at
i
o
n
p
att
ern
an
d t
he
po
l
ar p
l
ot
of
th
e res
ul
ts
.
F
i
gu
r
e
9.
S
i
mu
l
ate
d
s
c
att
eri
ng
p
arame
ter for t
he
du
a
l
e
l
em
en
t
P
IF
A
wi
th
2
0 m
m g
ap
d
i
s
tan
c
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
4
,
A
ug
us
t
20
19
:
1
64
8
-
1
6
55
1654
(
a)
(
b)
F
i
gu
r
e
10
.
Co
-
po
l
ar
i
z
ati
on
an
d c
r
os
s
-
po
l
ariz
at
i
on
c
o
m
po
ne
nts
of
r
a
di
ati
on
pa
tt
ern
at
2
8 GH
z
fo
r
(
a) PI
F
A
1 a
nd
(
b)
P
IFA
2
(
a)
(
b)
F
i
gu
r
e
11
.
F
ar
-
fi
e
l
d
pa
tt
ern
of
MI
MO
P
IF
A
w
i
th
bo
t
h p
o
r
t e
x
c
i
te
(
a) 3D
far
-
fi
el
d p
a
tte
r
n (b)
c
o
-
po
l
ariz
at
i
on
an
d c
r
os
s
-
po
l
ari
z
at
i
o
n
4.
Co
n
clus
ion
T
he
du
al
e
l
e
me
n
t
MI
MO
P
IFA
i
s
a
c
o
mb
i
na
t
i
o
n
of
tw
o
P
IF
A
el
em
en
t.
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
i
s
of
the
ga
p
di
s
t
an
c
e
b
etwe
en
the
an
ten
na
e
l
em
en
t
i
s
to
r
ed
uc
e
th
e
mu
t
ua
l
c
o
up
l
i
n
g
be
tw
ee
n
t
he
an
te
nn
a
e
l
em
en
t
a
nd
i
m
pr
ov
e
th
e
an
t
en
n
a
i
s
ol
ati
on
.
E
CC,
M
E
C,
an
d
DG
ha
v
e
be
en
o
bs
erv
ed
wi
th
d
i
ff
erent
gr
ou
n
d
pl
an
e
l
en
g
th
wh
i
c
h
r
ef
l
ec
ts
the
g
ap
di
s
t
an
c
e
b
etwe
en
P
IFA
1
an
d
P
IFA
2.
T
he
r
es
u
l
ts
s
ho
w
th
at
by
i
mp
r
ov
i
n
g
t
he
i
s
ol
at
i
on
of
th
e
an
ten
na
,
the
a
nte
n
na
ga
i
n
an
d
eff
i
c
i
en
c
y
i
s
en
ha
nc
ed
.
It
ha
s
be
en
pr
op
os
ed
t
ha
t
t
he
b
es
t
an
te
n
na
op
t
i
m
i
z
at
i
on
o
f
ga
p
di
s
t
an
c
e
i
s
20
mm
as
the
g
ai
n
a
nd
th
e
eff
i
c
i
en
c
y
of
th
e
a
nte
nn
a
s
tart
to
s
us
tai
n.
T
he
an
t
en
n
a
ha
s
s
uff
i
c
i
en
t
3.71
G
Hz
ba
n
dwi
dth
at
2
8
G
Hz
freque
nc
y
w
i
th
6.6
dB
ga
i
n a
n
d 9
8.8
%
eff
i
c
i
en
c
y
.
Ackno
w
ledg
em
ent
s
Nur
ul
Hus
n
a
wo
ul
d
l
i
k
e
to
tha
nk
th
e
M
aj
l
i
s
A
ma
n
ah
Rak
y
at
(
MA
RA
)
an
d
Un
i
v
ers
i
ti
K
ua
l
a
Lu
mp
ur
B
r
i
t
i
s
h
Ma
l
ay
s
i
an
I
ns
ti
t
ute
for h
er
po
s
t
gradua
te
s
c
ho
l
ars
hi
p a
nd
the
s
up
erv
i
s
i
o
n o
f
l
ab
oratory
fac
i
l
i
t
i
es
.
T
hi
s
r
es
ea
r
c
h
s
up
po
r
te
d
by
th
e
Mi
n
i
s
tr
y
of
Hi
g
he
r
E
d
u
c
at
i
on
un
d
er
F
un
da
me
n
tal
Res
e
arc
h
G
r
an
t
S
c
he
m
e
(
F
RG
S
)
wi
th
r
efe
r
en
c
e
c
od
e
F
RG
S
/1/
20
1
7/TK
04
/UN
IK
L
/02
/1
2.
Ref
er
en
ce
s
[1
]
Ary
a
n
f
a
r F
,
Pi
J
,
Zh
o
u
H,
Hen
i
g
e
T
,
Xu
G, Ab
u
-
Su
rra
S,
e
t
a
l
.
M
i
l
l
i
m
e
te
r
-
wa
v
e
Ba
s
e
St
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r M
o
b
i
l
e
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
.
2
0
1
5
I
EEE
M
TT
-
S I
n
t
M
i
c
r
o
w S
y
m
p
IM
S.
2
0
1
5
;
1
–
3
.
[2
]
Wu
D,
W
a
n
g
J
,
Cai
Y
,
G
u
i
z
a
n
i
M
.
M
i
l
l
i
m
e
te
r
-
wa
v
e
M
u
l
ti
m
e
d
i
a
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
:
C
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
s
,
M
e
th
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
a
n
d
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
IEEE
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
M
a
g
a
z
i
n
e
.
2
0
1
5
;
5
3
(1
):
2
3
2
–
2
3
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N:
1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
Dual
el
em
en
t
MIM
O
pl
a
na
r
i
nv
erted
-
F
an
t
en
n
a
fo
r
5G
mi
l
l
i
me
t
er…
(
H.
M.
R.
Nuru
l
)
1655
[3
]
Pi
Z,
Kh
a
n
F.
An
i
n
tro
d
u
c
ti
o
n
to
M
i
l
l
i
m
e
t
e
r
-
wav
e
M
o
b
i
l
e
Br
o
a
d
b
a
n
d
Sy
s
te
m
s
.
IEEE
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
M
a
g
a
z
i
n
e
.
2
0
1
1
;
4
9
(6
)
:
1
0
1
–
1
0
7
.
[4
]
J
i
n
D,
Xi
a
o
S
,
L
i
u
C,
Wa
n
g
B
.
A
Nov
e
l
D
u
a
l
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Ta
p
e
re
d
Sl
o
t
A
n
te
n
n
a
f
o
r L
M
DS
a
n
d
Wi
r
e
l
e
s
s
HD
.
2
0
1
0
I
EEE
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Con
f
e
re
n
c
e
U
l
tra
-
W
i
d
e
b
a
n
d
.
2
0
1
0
;
1
:
1
–
4
.
[5
]
So
n
L
T,
E
k
m
a
n
T,
O
rte
n
P.
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
M
u
l
ti
-
c
a
rri
e
r
Sy
s
te
m
a
t
t
h
e
2
8
G
Hz
Rad
i
o
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
Ba
n
d
.
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
Fi
rs
t
M
o
b
i
l
e
Com
p
u
ti
n
g
a
n
d
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
I
n
te
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Con
fe
re
n
c
e
.
2
0
0
6
:
1
5
0
–
5.
[6
]
G
a
m
p
a
l
a
G
,
R
e
d
d
y
CJ
.
De
s
i
g
n
o
f
M
i
l
l
i
m
e
te
r
wa
v
e
An
te
n
n
a
Arra
y
s
fo
r
5
G
Ce
l
l
u
l
a
r
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
Us
i
n
g
FEKO
.
IEEE/
ACES
I
n
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fe
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
In
fo
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
Sy
s
te
m
s
(ICW
IT
S) a
n
d
Ap
p
l
i
e
d
Co
m
p
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
El
e
c
tr
o
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s
(ACE
S).
2
0
1
6
;
6
–
7
.
[7
]
Hara
z
OM
,
Al
i
M
M
M
,
Al
s
h
e
b
e
i
l
i
S,
Se
b
a
k
A.
Des
i
g
n
o
f
a
2
8
/
3
8
GH
z
Du
a
l
-
Ba
n
d
Pri
n
te
d
Sl
o
t
An
te
n
n
a
fo
r
th
e
F
u
tu
re
5
G
M
o
b
i
l
e
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Net
wor
k
s
.
IEEE
I
n
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Sy
m
p
o
s
i
u
m
o
n
ANt
e
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
& USNC
/UPSI
N
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Ra
d
i
o
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
M
e
e
ti
n
g
.
2
0
1
5
;
1
5
3
2
–
1
5
3
3
.
[8
]
Hara
z
O
M
,
As
h
ra
f
M
,
A
l
s
h
e
b
e
i
l
i
S.
Si
n
g
l
e
-
Ba
n
d
PIF
A
M
IM
O
An
te
n
n
a
Sy
s
te
m
De
s
i
g
n
fo
r
Fu
tu
r
e
5
G
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
5
IEEE
1
1
th
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Con
fe
re
n
c
e
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
M
o
b
i
l
e
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g
Ne
two
k
r Co
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
.
2
0
1
5
;
6
0
8
-
6
1
2
.
[9
]
Nae
i
n
i
M
R,
F
a
k
h
a
rz
a
d
e
h
M
.
A
2
8
G
Hz
Be
a
m
-
Swit
c
h
i
n
g
Y
a
g
i
-
Uda
Arra
y
Us
i
n
g
Rot
m
a
n
L
e
n
s
fo
r
5
G
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
I
EEE
In
te
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Sy
m
p
o
s
i
u
m
o
n
ANte
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
&
USN
C/UPSI Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Ra
d
i
o
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
M
e
e
ti
n
g
.
2
0
1
7
;
2
6
1
7
–
2
6
1
8
.
[1
0
]
J
e
n
s
e
n
M
A,
M
e
m
b
e
r
S,
Wa
l
l
a
c
e
J
W
.
A
Rev
i
e
w
o
f
An
te
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
M
IM
O
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
IEEE
Tra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
An
te
n
n
a
s
a
n
d
Pr
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
.
2
0
0
4
;
5
2
(
1
1
):
2
8
1
0
–
2
8
2
4
.
[1
1
]
Zh
a
n
g
S,
Zh
a
o
K,
Yi
n
g
Z,
H
e
S.
A
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
Q
u
a
d
-
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
M
u
l
t
i
-
wid
e
b
a
n
d
An
t
e
n
n
a
Arra
y
fo
r
Us
e
r
Eff
e
c
t
i
v
e
L
TE
M
I
M
O
M
o
b
i
l
e
Te
rm
i
n
a
l
s
.
IEEE
Tra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
An
te
n
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
.
2
0
1
3
;
6
1
(
8
)
:
4275
–
4
2
8
3
.
[1
2
]
Sa
l
h
A,
A
u
d
a
h
L
,
Sh
a
h
i
d
a
N,
Sh
a
h
M
,
Ham
z
a
h
SA.
A
s
tu
d
y
o
n
th
e
a
c
h
i
e
v
a
b
l
e
d
a
ta
ra
t
e
i
n
m
a
s
s
i
v
e
M
IM
O
s
y
s
te
m
.
AIP
Con
fe
re
n
c
e
Pro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
.
2
0
1
7
;
1
8
8
3
(
1
);
2
0
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
Has
h
e
m
YAM
K
,
Hara
z
O
M
,
El
-
Sa
y
e
d
EDM
.
6
-
El
e
m
e
n
t
2
8
/3
8
G
Hz
Dua
l
-
b
a
n
d
M
IM
O
PIF
A
fo
r
F
u
tu
r
e
5
G
Cel
l
u
l
a
r
S
y
s
te
m
s
.
2
0
1
6
IE
EE
An
te
n
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
So
c
i
e
t
y
I
n
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Sy
m
p
o
s
i
u
m
APSU
RSI
2016
-
Pro
c
.
2
0
1
6
;
3
9
3
–
3
9
4
.
[1
4
]
L
i
Y,
Y
u
B,
S
h
e
n
H,
Zh
u
L
,
Ya
n
g
G
.
A
n
8
-
Po
r
t
Pl
a
n
a
r
U
WB
M
IM
O
An
te
n
n
a
fo
r
Fu
tu
r
e
5
G
M
i
c
r
o
Wi
re
l
e
s
s
A
c
c
e
s
s
P
o
i
n
t
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
7
I
n
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
Com
p
u
ta
t
i
o
n
a
l
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s
So
c
i
e
ty
S
y
m
p
o
s
i
u
m
(ACES).
2
0
1
7
;
2
–
3
.
[1
5
]
Che
n
SC,
Wa
n
g
YS,
Chu
n
g
SJ
.
A
Dec
o
u
p
l
i
n
g
Te
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
In
c
re
a
s
i
n
g
th
e
Po
rt
Is
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
Be
twe
e
n
Two
Stro
n
g
l
y
Co
u
p
l
e
d
An
t
e
n
n
a
s
.
IEEE
Tr
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
An
te
n
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
.
2
0
0
8
;
5
6
(1
2
)
:
3650
–
3
6
5
8
.
[1
6
]
If
ti
k
h
a
r A,
Ra
fi
q
M
N, M
a
s
u
d
M
M
,
Ij
a
z
B,
Ro
y
S,
Bra
a
te
n
BD.
A Du
a
l
Ba
n
d
Ba
l
a
n
c
e
d
Pl
a
n
a
r
In
v
e
rt
e
d
F
An
te
n
n
a
(PIF
A)
fo
r
M
o
b
i
l
e
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
3
IEEE
An
t
e
n
n
a
s
Pr
o
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
So
c
i
e
t
y
In
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Sy
m
p
o
s
i
u
m
.
2
0
1
3
;
1
1
9
6
–
7.
[1
7
]
Ve
rm
a
A,
C
h
a
u
h
a
n
A,
L
a
l
T.
Des
i
g
n
o
f
Tr
i
p
l
e
B
a
n
d
Com
p
a
c
t
PI
FA
An
te
n
n
a
fo
r
DC
S,
PC
S,
UM
TS,
4
G
L
TE,
Wi
M
AX
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
5
4
th
I
n
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Con
fe
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
Rel
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
In
fo
c
o
m
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
O
p
ti
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
(I
CR
I
TO) (Tr
e
n
d
s
F
u
tu
re
Di
re
c
ti
o
n
s
).
2
0
1
5
;
4
–
7
.
[1
8
]
M
o
rs
h
e
d
KM
,
Es
s
e
l
l
e
KP
.
W
i
d
e
b
a
n
d
Sl
o
tt
e
d
P
l
a
n
a
r
I
n
v
e
r
te
d
-
F
A
n
te
n
n
a
fo
r
M
i
l
l
i
m
e
te
r
-
Wa
v
e
5
G
M
o
b
i
l
e
De
v
i
c
e
s
.
2
0
1
6
I
EEE R
e
g
i
o
n
1
0
S
y
m
p
o
s
i
u
m
.
2
0
1
6
;
1
9
4
–
1
9
7
.
[1
9
]
Th
o
m
a
s
T
,
Ch
a
ri
s
h
m
a
G, Ve
e
r
a
s
wam
y
K.
M
IM
O
An
te
n
n
a
S
y
s
te
m
wi
th
Hi
g
h
Gai
n
a
n
d
L
o
w
SAR a
t
fo
r
UE
o
f
5
G
O
p
e
r
a
ti
n
g
M
M
wav
e
:
De
s
i
g
n
.
2
0
1
5
1
0
th
In
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fe
r
e
n
c
e
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
,
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
Si
g
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
s
s
i
n
g
(I
CICS). 2
0
1
6
;
1
-
5.
[2
0
]
Th
o
m
a
s
t
T,
Ch
a
ri
s
h
m
a
G
.
M
M
Wa
v
e
M
IM
O
An
te
n
n
a
Sy
s
t
e
m
fo
r
UE
o
f
5
G
M
o
b
i
l
e
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
:
Des
i
g
n
.
2
0
1
5
An
n
u
a
l
IEEE
I
n
d
i
a
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
(
INDICO
N). 2
0
1
5
;
1
–
5
.
[2
1
]
Red
z
wan
FNM
,
A
l
i
M
T,
Ta
n
M
N,
M
i
s
wad
i
NF.
De
s
i
g
n
o
f
P
l
a
n
a
r
I
n
v
e
rte
d
F
An
te
n
n
a
fo
r
L
TE
M
o
b
i
l
e
Ph
o
n
e
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
I
EEE Re
g
i
o
n
1
0
S
y
m
p
o
s
i
u
m
.
2
0
1
4
;
1
9
–
2
2
.
[2
2
]
L
i
Z,
Du
Z,
Ta
k
a
h
a
s
h
i
M
,
Sa
i
t
o
K,
It
o
K.
Red
u
c
i
n
g
M
u
tu
a
l
Cou
p
l
i
n
g
o
f
M
IM
O
An
te
n
n
a
s
wit
h
Pa
ra
s
i
ti
c
El
e
m
e
n
t
s
f
o
r
M
o
b
i
l
e
Te
rm
i
n
a
l
s
.
IEEE
Tra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s
A
n
te
n
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
.
2
0
1
2
;
6
0
(2
):
4
7
3
–
4
8
1
.
[2
3
]
Fa
u
z
a
n
M
,
Pu
r
n
o
m
o
E,
Pra
m
o
n
o
S,
M
a
r
e
t
US,
P
a
m
u
n
g
k
a
s
M
,
T
a
u
f
i
k
T,
e
t
a
l
.
Stu
d
y
o
f
t
h
e
Eff
e
c
t
o
f
Ai
r
-
g
a
p
o
n
Arra
y
M
i
c
r
o
s
tr
i
p
A
n
te
n
n
a
Pe
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
s
f
o
r
M
o
b
i
l
e
Sa
t
e
l
l
i
te
Com
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
2
0
1
5
4
th
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Con
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Rel
i
a
b
i
l
i
ty
,
In
f
o
c
o
m
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
i
e
s
a
n
d
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
ti
o
n
(ICRIT
O
).
2
0
1
5
;
1
0
(2
0
):
9
8
0
8
–
98
15.
[2
4
]
J
i
a
o
T
,
J
i
a
n
g
T,
L
i
Y.
A
L
o
w
M
u
tu
a
l
Cou
p
l
i
n
g
M
IM
O
An
te
n
n
a
Us
i
n
g
3
-
D
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
Is
o
l
a
ti
o
n
Wa
l
l
St
r
u
c
t
u
re
s
.
Si
x
th
A
s
i
a
-
P
a
c
i
fi
c
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
A
n
te
n
n
a
s
Pro
p
a
g
a
t
i
o
n
.
2
0
1
7
;
3
–
4
.
[2
5
]
L
i
W,
L
i
n
W,
Ya
n
g
G
.
A
Com
p
a
c
t
M
I
M
O
An
te
n
n
a
S
y
s
t
e
m
D
e
s
i
g
n
wit
h
L
o
w
Corre
l
a
ti
o
n
fr
o
m
1
7
1
0
M
H
z
to
2
6
9
0
M
H
z
.
Pr
o
g
re
s
s
I
n
El
e
c
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
2
0
1
4
;
1
4
4
:
59
-
6
5
.
[2
6
]
Pra
m
o
n
o
S,
S
BB,
H
SS.
A
Com
p
a
c
t
De
s
i
g
n
Ei
g
h
t
El
e
m
e
n
t
M
u
l
ti
p
l
e
I
n
p
u
t
M
u
l
ti
p
l
e
O
u
t
p
u
t
M
i
l
l
i
m
e
te
r
-
wa
v
e
An
te
n
n
a
.
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
2
0
1
9
;
1
4
(1
)
:
2
6
5
–
2
7
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.