T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2020
,
pp.
117
6
~
118
4
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930
,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i3.
14940
1176
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
php/T
E
L
K
OM
N
I
K
A
D
e
si
gn
an
d
c
o
m
p
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e
n
si
ve
t
e
st
in
g
a 2.4 GH
z
an
t
e
n
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a
f
or
Wi
Fi a
c
c
e
ss
p
oi
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t
F
irdau
s
,
A
f
id
a
Nuru
l
F
a
t
im
ah
,
Y
u
li
n
d
on
,
Ra
t
n
a
De
wi
E
lec
tr
ica
l
E
ng
inee
r
ing
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
,
P
ol
it
e
knik
Ne
g
e
r
i
P
a
da
ng,
I
ndone
s
ia
Ar
t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
De
c
10
,
2019
R
e
vis
e
d
J
a
n
29
,
2020
Ac
c
e
pted
F
e
b
18
,
2020
A
s
mal
l
s
i
ze
p
at
c
h
an
t
e
n
n
a
fo
r
rep
l
ac
i
n
g
T
P
-
L
IN
K
W
A
7
0
1
N
D
acces
s
p
o
i
n
t
(A
P)
i
n
t
ern
a
l
an
t
en
a
fo
r
2
.
4
G
H
z
i
s
p
ro
p
o
s
ed
.
Meas
u
re
men
t
s
are
carri
ed
o
u
t
o
n
A
P
ex
t
ern
a
l
an
t
en
n
a
t
o
g
e
t
t
h
e
b
as
i
c
p
arame
t
er
o
f
t
h
e
an
t
e
n
n
a
i
.
e.
ret
u
rn
l
o
s
s
,
b
an
d
w
i
d
t
h
,
rad
i
at
i
o
n
p
a
t
t
er
n
,
an
d
p
o
l
ar
i
zat
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
p
a
t
ch
an
t
en
n
a
i
s
d
es
i
g
n
ed
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
IE
3
D
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
o
r
o
n
FR4
ma
t
eri
a
l
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
t
h
i
ck
n
es
s
o
f
1
.
6
mm
an
d
t
h
e
d
i
e
l
ect
r
i
c
co
n
s
t
a
n
t
o
f
4
.
4
.
T
h
e
4
2
×
2
8
×
1
.
6
mm
o
v
eral
l
s
i
ze
o
f
t
h
e
d
es
i
g
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ed
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
i
s
p
ri
n
t
e
d
o
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FR
4
s
u
b
s
t
ra
t
e,
meas
u
red
a
n
d
c
o
mp
are
d
t
o
ex
t
er
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al
A
P
an
t
e
n
n
a.
T
h
e
meas
u
remen
t
res
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l
t
s
h
o
w
s
g
o
o
d
ag
reemen
t
b
e
t
w
ee
n
s
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
an
d
d
es
i
g
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ed
an
t
en
n
a.
T
h
e
p
r
i
n
t
ed
an
t
en
n
a
co
v
ers
2
.
4
G
H
z,
t
h
e
g
a
i
n
o
f
2
.
5
d
Bi
,
an
d
h
a
s
l
i
n
i
er
p
o
l
ar
i
zat
i
o
n
.
T
h
i
s
an
t
e
n
n
a
i
s
mu
ch
s
mal
l
er
t
h
a
n
1
9
0
×
1
5
×
1
5
mm
c
o
n
v
en
t
i
o
n
a
l
T
P
-
L
IN
K
W
A
7
0
1
N
D
A
P
an
t
e
n
n
a
s
an
d
a
l
l
o
w
s
i
t
t
o
b
e
h
i
d
d
en
an
d
i
n
t
e
g
rat
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
A
P
p
ri
n
t
e
d
ci
rcu
i
t
b
o
ard
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
arat
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
es
i
g
n
ed
an
t
en
n
a
an
d
ex
t
er
n
al
A
P
an
t
e
n
n
a
i
s
al
s
o
co
n
d
u
ct
e
d
b
y
ev
al
u
at
i
n
g
b
o
t
h
an
t
en
n
a
p
erfo
rma
n
ce
o
n
T
P
-
L
IN
K
W
A
7
0
1
N
D
A
P
b
y
acces
s
i
n
g
i
t
o
n
a
l
a
p
t
o
p
o
n
d
i
fferen
t
acces
s
d
i
s
t
a
n
ce.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ac
c
e
s
s
point
P
olar
iza
t
ion
R
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
R
e
tur
n
los
s
W
ir
e
les
s
L
AN
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
F
ir
da
us
,
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
E
lec
tr
ica
l
E
nginee
r
ing,
P
oli
teknik
Ne
ge
r
i
P
a
da
ng,
J
l.
Ka
mpus
,
L
im
a
u
M
a
nis
,
Ke
c
.
P
a
uh,
Kota
P
a
da
n
g,
S
umate
r
a
B
a
r
a
t
25164,
I
ndone
s
ia
.
E
mail:
f
ir
da
us
@pnp.
a
c
.
id
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
W
ir
e
les
s
loca
l
a
r
e
a
ne
twor
ks
(
W
L
AN
s
)
a
r
e
ve
r
y
popular
f
or
c
onne
c
ti
ng
va
r
ious
mob
il
e
c
omm
unica
ti
on
de
vice
s
s
uc
h
a
s
c
e
ll
phone
s
a
nd
laptops
in
publi
c
a
r
e
a
s
,
of
f
ice
s
,
ho
mes
,
bus
ines
s
c
e
n
ter
s
,
a
nd
indus
tr
ies
[
1]
.
W
i
F
i,
s
tan
d
f
or
wir
e
les
s
f
idelit
y
,
is
the
main
s
tanda
r
d
that
us
e
d
f
o
r
W
L
AN
s
.
W
i
r
e
les
s
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
(
A
P
)
a
ll
ows
the
mobi
le
de
vice
s
to
be
c
onne
c
t
e
d
to
loca
l
ne
two
r
ks
a
nd
int
e
r
ne
t.
T
he
AP
a
ntenna
whic
h
is
mount
e
d
on
c
e
il
ing
or
wa
ll
ne
e
ds
omni
di
r
e
c
ti
ona
l
[
2]
or
unidi
r
e
c
ti
ona
l
pa
tt
e
r
n
[
3]
,
s
mall
(
c
ompac
t)
s
ize
[
4]
,
c
he
a
p
a
nd
s
im
ple
de
s
ign
[
5
]
a
s
c
ompl
ies
in
802.
11
I
E
E
E
s
tanda
r
ds
[
6]
.
M
e
a
n
while
the
AP
a
nte
nna
with
s
igni
f
ica
nt
ga
in
doe
s
not
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
oc
c
upy
the
low
nois
e
a
mpl
if
ier
s
(
L
NA
)
a
s
in
[
7]
.
Ge
ne
r
a
ll
y,
A
P
uti
li
z
e
s
the
dipol
e
[
8]
o
r
monopol
e
[
9]
a
ntenna
whic
h
ha
v
e
the
wor
king
f
r
e
que
nc
y
on
2.
4/5
.
2/5.
8
GH
z
.
C
ons
e
que
ntl
y
thes
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
inf
luenc
e
the
a
ntenna
dim
e
ns
ions
whic
h
r
e
a
c
he
d
190×
15
m
m
[
5
]
.
F
r
om
a
n
e
s
thetic
point
o
f
view
that
e
xter
na
l
a
ntenna
s
a
r
e
not
ve
r
y
c
omf
or
tabl
e
to
the
e
nd
us
e
r
[
10]
.
thus
the
a
ntenna
s
s
ize
ne
e
d
t
o
r
e
duc
e
the
dim
e
ns
ions
of
the
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
de
vice
.
T
he
a
r
e
s
ome
wor
ks
on
a
ntenna
de
s
ign
whic
h
ha
s
pr
opos
e
d
f
or
int
e
r
na
l
AP
a
pli
c
a
ti
ons
.
T
he
28.
94×
33
.
17×
1.
524
mm
ove
r
a
ll
s
ize
of
r
e
c
onf
igur
a
ble
a
ntenna
a
r
e
de
s
igned
in
[
11]
b
y
us
ing
a
mi
c
r
oe
lec
tr
omec
ha
nica
l
s
ys
tem
(
M
E
M
S
)
s
witch
f
or
2
.
4
a
nd
5
.
2
GH
z
ba
nd.
T
he
f
r
a
c
tal
ya
gi
-
uda
a
ntenna
that
ope
r
a
ti
ng
a
t
2.
4
GH
z
f
r
e
que
nc
y
with
ove
r
a
ll
s
ize
93.
75×
55×
1.
6
mm
a
r
e
p
r
opos
e
d
in
[
12
]
.
T
he
mul
t
ipol
a
r
ize
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
s
ign
and
c
ompr
e
he
ns
iv
e
tes
ti
ng
a
2.
4
GH
z
antenna
for
W
i
F
i
ac
c
e
s
s
point
(
F
ir
daus
)
1177
a
ntenna
s
with
s
ingl
e
c
ir
c
ular
pa
tch
r
a
diating
e
leme
nt
a
r
e
pr
opos
e
d
to
p
r
o
vide
thr
e
e
c
oupled
polar
ize
APs
with
150×
150×
10
mm
dim
e
ns
ion
in
[
13]
.
M
e
a
n
while
,
the
a
ntenna
c
yli
nd
r
ica
l
diele
c
tr
ic
r
e
s
ona
tor
(
c
D
R
As
)
f
or
wir
e
les
s
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
ha
s
dim
e
ns
ion
of
160x160
14.
8
mm
with
meta
ll
ic
r
e
f
lec
tor
[
14]
.
I
n
[
3]
,
the
s
lot
a
ntenna
is
de
ve
lop
e
d
in
the
f
or
m
of
a
n
e
xpone
nti
a
l
c
r
os
s
a
nd
pa
r
a
ll
e
l
piped
c
a
vit
y
with
dim
e
ns
ions
of
57×
57×
2
1
mm
.
All
of
thes
e
a
ntenna
s
ha
ve
lar
ge
di
mens
ions
in
or
de
r
to
c
onc
e
a
l
in
a
n
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
de
vice
.
I
n
thi
s
wor
k
,
we
de
ve
loped
a
s
maller
c
ompac
t
p
a
tch
a
ntenna
(
42×
28×
1.
6
m
m
ove
r
a
ll
s
ize
)
with
tappe
r
e
d
s
lot
a
nd
pa
r
ti
a
l
gr
ound
plane
f
or
2
.
4
GH
z
W
L
AN
f
r
e
que
nc
y.
T
he
de
s
ign
pr
oc
e
dur
e
a
r
e
the
s
a
me
a
s
our
pr
e
vious
wor
ks
on
[
15,
16
]
.
I
n
or
de
r
to
va
li
da
te
the
s
im
ulation
r
e
s
ult
s
,
s
e
ve
r
a
l
mea
s
ur
e
ments
we
r
e
made
on
the
p
r
int
e
d
a
ntenna
.
F
inally,
the
a
ntenna
a
pply
dir
e
c
tl
y
to
the
A
P
T
P
-
L
I
NK
W
A
701
ND
a
nd
c
o
nduc
ti
ng
the
c
onne
c
ti
on
tes
t
wi
th
va
r
ious
dis
tanc
e
s
ins
ide
t
he
buil
ding
with
s
e
ve
r
a
l
r
oom;
in
thi
s
c
a
s
e
a
t
G
b
uil
ding
in
the
c
a
mpus
of
P
oli
teknik
Ne
ge
r
i
P
a
da
ng.
T
his
wor
k
will
c
ontr
ibut
e
a
s
a
n
im
por
tant
c
ons
ider
a
ti
on
f
or
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
who
wa
nt
to
de
ve
lop
the
tes
ti
ng
o
f
2.
4
GH
z
a
ntenna
in
the
f
u
tur
e.
2.
AN
T
E
NN
A
DE
S
I
GN
2.
1.
T
ar
ge
t
d
e
s
ign
Ge
ne
r
a
ll
y,
AP
a
ntenna
us
e
d
a
n
e
xter
na
l
de
tac
ha
b
le
a
ntenna
i.
e
.
dipol
e
or
monopol
e
a
ntenna
[
17
]
.
One
of
the
popular
AP
in
I
ndone
s
ia
is
T
P
L
I
NK
W
A
-
701
ND
.
I
n
thi
s
wor
k,
the
int
e
r
na
l
a
ntennna
will
be
de
s
igned
to
r
e
plac
e
AP
e
xter
na
l
a
ntenna
.
I
nit
ially,
the
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
of
the
T
P
L
I
NK
W
A
-
701
ND
a
ntenna
is
mea
s
ur
e
d
in
or
de
r
to
ha
ve
the
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
on
de
s
i
gning
the
AP
a
ntenna
.
T
he
mea
s
ur
e
ments
a
r
e
f
o
c
us
e
d
on
the
ba
s
ic
pa
r
a
mete
r
of
the
a
ntenna
s
uc
h
a
s
r
a
diatio
n
pa
tt
e
r
n,
wor
king
f
r
e
que
nc
y,
ba
ndwidth
a
nd
pola
r
iza
ti
on.
T
he
mea
s
ur
e
ment
r
e
s
ult
s
of
the
a
ntenna
AP
T
P
L
I
NK
W
A
-
701
ND
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
a
nd
r
e
tur
n
los
s
a
r
e
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
1
.
T
he
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
o
f
the
a
ntenna
T
P
L
I
NK
W
A
-
701
ND
is
omni
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
a
s
s
e
e
n
in
F
igur
e
1
(
a
)
.
I
t
is
the
3D
pa
tt
e
r
n
of
the
a
ntenna
whe
r
e
the
maximum
f
ield
e
ne
r
gy
is
on
x
-
y
plane
.
T
he
2D
pa
tt
e
r
n
is
plot
ted
in
F
igur
e
1
(
b
)
whe
r
e
x
-
z
pa
tt
e
r
n
is
bidi
r
e
c
ti
ona
l
a
nd
y
-
z
pa
tt
e
r
n
is
omni
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l.
T
he
a
ntenna
ga
in
is
5
dB
i
on
2
.
4
GH
z
.
Ac
c
or
ding
to
the
a
ntenna
r
e
tu
r
n
los
s
in
F
igur
e
1
(
c
)
the
AP
T
P
L
I
NK
WA
-
701
ND
ha
s
the
r
e
s
ona
nc
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y
on
2.
43
GH
z
.
T
he
polar
iza
ti
on
of
the
a
ntenna
i
s
li
ne
a
r
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
1
(
d)
.
F
igur
e
1.
T
he
mea
s
ur
e
ment
of
T
P
L
I
NK
W
A
–
701
ND
,
(
a
)
3D
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
,
(
b)
2D
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
(
blue
li
ne
=
x
-
y
plane
,
r
e
d
li
ne
=
x
-
z
pa
tt
e
r
n)
,
(
c
)
r
e
tur
n
los
s
,
(
d
)
polar
iza
ti
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
117
6
-
118
4
1178
2.
2.
P
a
t
c
h
an
t
e
n
n
a
d
e
s
ign
f
or
2.
4
GH
z
F
ir
s
tl
y,
the
pr
e
li
mi
na
r
y
length
a
nd
wid
th
of
the
pa
tch
a
ntenna
is
done
by
us
ing
the
(
1
-
4)
.
T
he
width
W
a
nd
length
L
of
the
pa
tch
de
ter
mi
ne
us
ing
the
[
1
2]
:
=
1
2
√
0
0
√
2
+
1
=
0
2
√
2
+
1
(
1)
=
1
2
√
r
ef
f
√
0
0
−
2
∆
(
2)
then
:
r
e
f
f
=
+
1
2
+
−
1
2
[
1
+
12
ℎ
]
−
1
/
2
(
3)
∆
ℎ
=
0
.
412
(
+
0
.
3
)
(
ℎ
+
0
.
264
)
(
+
0
.
258
)
(
ℎ
+
0
.
8
)
,
(
4)
whe
r
e
ɛ
r
is
the
diele
c
tr
ic
c
ons
tant
of
the
s
ubs
tr
a
te,
ɛ
r
e
f
f
is
the
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
diele
c
tr
ic
c
ons
tant
of
the
s
ubs
tr
a
te,
h
is
the
thi
c
kne
s
s
of
the
s
us
btr
a
te
a
nd
f
r
is
the
r
e
s
on
a
nc
e
f
r
e
que
nc
y.
F
or
the
pa
tch
a
ntenna
on
2.
4
G
Hz
us
ing
the
F
R
4
s
ubs
tr
a
te
with
the
thi
c
kne
s
s
is
1.
6
mm
a
nd
the
diele
c
tr
ic
c
ons
tant
is
4
.
4
r
e
s
ult
ing
W
=
38
mm
a
nd
L
=
29
mm
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igu
r
e
2
(
a
)
.
T
he
de
s
ign
p
r
oc
e
s
s
of
the
a
ntenna
is
c
onduc
ted
by
us
ing
the
m
e
thod
of
mom
e
nt
ba
s
e
d
[
18
-
20]
f
ull
-
wa
ve
e
lec
tr
omagne
ti
c
s
im
ulator
I
E
3D.
T
he
s
im
ulation
r
e
s
ult
of
the
a
nten
na
r
e
tur
n
los
s
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
2
(
b
)
.
I
t
ha
s
mi
n
im
um
r
e
tur
n
los
s
on
-
8
dB
a
t
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
2.
45
GH
z
.
F
u
r
t
he
r
mor
e
,
to
opti
mi
z
e
the
de
s
ign
we
do
the
pa
r
a
metr
ic
s
tudy
on
the
pa
tch
dim
e
ns
ion,
f
e
e
d
li
ne
a
nd
gr
ound
t
o
obtain
the
opti
mal
pe
r
f
o
r
mac
e
a
s
s
hown
on
F
igur
e
3
(
a
)
.
T
he
opti
mi
z
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
dur
e
s
a
r
e
done
a
s
on
[
15
,
16
]
.
T
he
wor
king
f
r
e
que
nc
y
c
a
n
be
a
djus
ted
by
va
r
ying
the
W
or
us
ing
s
lot
s
f
or
mul
ti
f
r
e
que
nc
y
in
o
r
de
r
to
i
mpr
ove
the
im
pe
da
nc
e
matc
hing
[
21
-
23]
.
M
e
a
nwhile
the
a
ntenna
oc
c
upy
the
pa
r
ti
a
l
g
r
ound
plane
[
24]
s
tr
uc
tur
e
to
ge
t
omni
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
pa
tt
e
r
n
.
F
igur
e
2.
A
n
tenna
de
s
ign,
(
a
)
ini
ti
a
l
de
s
ign,
(
b
)
opt
im
iza
ti
on
T
he
opti
mi
z
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
dur
e
on
ha
ving
opti
mal
d
im
e
ns
ion
of
the
a
ntenna
de
s
ign
a
r
e
de
s
c
r
ibed
in
F
igur
e
3
.
F
igur
e
2
(
a
)
s
hows
the
ge
omet
r
y
o
f
the
a
ntenna
ba
s
e
d
on
the
ini
ti
a
l
dim
e
ns
ion
whic
h
is
obtaine
d
f
r
om
the
pr
e
vious
c
a
lcula
ti
on.
T
o
r
e
duc
e
the
s
ize
of
the
a
ntenna
,
the
opti
mi
z
a
ti
on
of
the
pa
tch
s
ize
is
c
o
nduc
ted
a
nd
the
opti
mum
25
×
25
m
m
a
t
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
2
.
4
GH
z
a
s
in
F
igu
r
e
3
(
b)
.
Va
r
iat
ion
of
the
f
e
e
dli
n
e
width
w
a
nd
length
l
will
c
ha
nge
r
e
tu
r
n
los
s
va
lue
a
nd
thus
c
ontr
ol
the
im
pe
da
nc
e
matc
hing.
f
e
e
dli
ne
width
W
4
.
5
mm
a
nd
length
l
16.
6
mm
a
r
e
the
opti
m
um
s
ize
a
s
s
how
in
F
igur
e
s
3
(
c
)
a
nd
3
(
d)
.
F
ur
ther
mor
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
s
ign
and
c
ompr
e
he
ns
iv
e
tes
ti
ng
a
2.
4
GH
z
antenna
for
W
i
F
i
ac
c
e
s
s
point
(
F
ir
daus
)
1179
the
opti
mi
z
a
ti
on
on
the
s
ize
of
the
a
ntenna
gr
oun
d
a
r
e
s
hown
in
F
igu
r
e
3
(
e
)
f
or
w
2
(
gr
ound
width
)
a
nd
in
F
igur
e
3
(
f
)
f
o
r
l
2
(
gr
ound
length)
va
r
iations
.
F
i
na
ll
y
the
a
ntenna
is
s
im
ulate
d
us
ing
a
ll
of
the
opti
mum
dim
e
ns
ion
a
nd
F
igur
e
s
3
(
g)
a
nd
(
h)
s
hows
the
omni
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
f
o
r
2D
a
nd
3
D
plot
s
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
l
y
whic
h
is
good
a
gr
e
e
ment
to
the
pr
e
mi
li
na
r
y
r
e
s
ult
of
the
AP
T
P
L
I
NK
W
A
-
701
ND
a
ntenna
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
mea
s
ur
e
ment.
F
igur
e
3.
P
a
r
a
metr
ic
s
tudy
of
the
a
ntenna
de
s
ign
g
e
ometr
y,
(
a
)
ini
ti
a
l
de
s
ign,
(
b
)
pa
tch
s
ize
,
(
c
)
f
e
e
d
width
w
,
(
d)
f
e
e
d
length
l
,
(
e
)
g
r
ound
width
w
f
,
(
f
)
gr
ound
le
ngth
l
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
117
6
-
118
4
1180
3.
RE
S
UL
T
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
T
he
pr
o
tot
ype
o
f
opti
mal
dim
e
ns
ion
o
f
the
AP
a
nte
nna
is
f
a
br
i
c
a
ted
on
F
R
4
mate
r
ial
with
4.
4
diele
c
tr
ic
c
ons
tant
a
s
de
picte
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
4
(
a
)
.
I
n
o
r
de
r
to
va
l
idate
d
the
s
im
ulation
r
e
s
ult
then
the
mea
s
ur
e
ment
ha
s
be
e
n
c
onduc
ted
f
or
the
pr
int
e
d
a
ntenna
a
nd
f
oll
owe
d
by
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
tes
t
of
the
a
ntenna
on
T
P
L
I
NK
W
A
-
701
ND
.
T
he
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
of
the
a
ntenna
is
mea
s
ur
e
d
in
the
a
ne
c
hoic
c
ha
mber
e
quipped
with
ke
ys
ight
E
5071
C
ve
c
tor
ne
twor
k
a
na
lyze
r
(
VN
A)
,
a
dua
l
polar
ize
0.
7
-
6
GH
z
hor
n
a
ntenna
,
a
tu
r
n
table
,
a
c
ont
r
ol
f
or
the
tur
n
t
a
ble
a
nd
R
P
3D
s
of
wa
r
e
to
r
un
the
mea
s
ur
e
ment.
T
he
r
e
t
ur
n
los
s
of
the
pr
int
e
d
a
ntenna
is
mea
s
ur
e
d
dir
e
c
tl
y
to
the
VN
A
whe
r
e
the
mea
s
ur
e
ment
s
e
tup
is
s
hown
i
n
F
igur
e
4
(
b
)
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
4.
M
e
a
s
ur
e
ment
of
f
a
br
ica
ted
a
ntenna
,
(
a
)
f
a
br
ica
ted
a
ntenna
,
(
b
)
mea
s
ur
e
ment
s
e
tup
3.
1.
M
e
as
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
r
in
t
e
d
an
t
e
n
n
a
T
he
mea
s
ur
e
d
of
pr
in
ted
a
ntenna
,
APs
a
ntenna
,
a
n
d
s
im
ulate
d
r
e
tur
n
los
s
a
r
e
plot
ted
in
F
igur
e
5
(
a
).
T
ha
t
thr
e
e
c
ur
ve
s
s
how
the
mi
nim
um
va
lue
on
2
.
4
GH
z
.
T
his
pr
int
e
d
a
ntenna
s
hows
good
matc
hing
i
mpeda
nc
e
with
mi
nim
um
r
e
tur
n
los
s
is
-
46
dB
whic
h
is
be
tt
e
r
than
AP
a
ntenna
a
nd
s
im
ulation
r
e
tur
n
los
s
-
it
mea
n
thi
s
a
ntenna
s
ui
table
f
or
bo
th
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
a
nd
r
e
c
e
iver
.
Ante
nna
ba
ndwidth
a
ls
o
de
picte
d
in
F
igu
r
e
5
(
a
)
.
T
he
ba
ndwidth
o
f
the
AP
a
ntenna
,
the
s
im
ulatio
n
a
nd
the
pr
in
ted
a
ntenna
a
r
e
500
M
Hz
,
715
M
Hz
,
a
nd
755
M
Hz
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
T
hus
,
the
p
r
int
e
d
a
ntenna
c
a
n
c
ove
r
a
ll
of
the
f
r
e
que
nc
y
ba
ndwhic
h
c
a
n
c
o
ve
r
e
d
by
AP
a
ntenna
.
T
he
plot
s
on
F
igu
r
e
s
5
(
b
,
c
,
d,
e
a
nd
f
)
a
r
e
the
me
a
s
ur
e
d
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
of
the
pr
int
e
d
a
ntenna
a
nd
the
AP
a
ntenna
.
I
n
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
the
a
ntenna
s
s
how
omnni
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
pa
tt
e
r
n.
Ante
nna
in
thi
s
wor
k
mo
r
e
s
table
omni
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
than
AP
a
ntenna
.
F
igu
r
e
s
5
(
b
)
a
nd
(
c
)
a
r
e
the
3D
plot
o
f
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
o
f
the
pr
int
e
d
a
ntenna
a
nd
the
AP
a
ntenna
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly
whe
r
e
the
pr
int
e
d
a
ntenna
is
c
los
e
to
is
otr
opic
a
ntenna
.
T
he
c
ompar
a
ti
on
of
2D
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
o
f
both
a
ntenna
a
r
e
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
s
5
(
e
)
a
nd
(
f
)
.
M
a
inl
y,
the
pr
int
e
d
a
ntenna
p
a
tt
e
r
n
a
r
e
dis
tr
ibut
e
d
a
lm
os
t
unif
or
m
ly
f
o
r
both
x
-
z
a
nd
y
-
z
plane
s
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
F
igur
e
5
(
f
)
,
we
f
ound
2.
5
dB
i
ga
in
of
the
pr
int
e
d
a
ntenna
s
ince
ga
in
the
AP
a
ntenna
is
5
dB
i.
T
he
mea
s
ur
e
ment
of
a
ntenna
polar
iza
ti
on
a
r
e
c
a
r
r
ied
out
a
s
polar
iza
ti
on
mea
s
ur
e
ments
pr
oc
e
dur
e
on
[
25]
(
s
e
e
c
ha
pter
17)
.
T
he
mea
s
ur
e
ment
r
e
s
ult
s
s
how
the
polar
iza
ti
on
f
or
both
o
f
the
a
ntenna
is
li
ne
a
r
(
ve
r
ti
c
a
l)
in
whic
h
the
dir
e
c
ti
on
o
f
wa
ve
pr
opa
ga
ti
on
i
s
pa
r
a
ll
e
l
to
the
y
a
xis
a
s
s
hown
in
F
igu
r
e
5
(
d)
.
3.
2.
Ant
e
n
n
a
p
e
r
f
or
m
a
n
c
e
on
T
P
-
L
I
NK
WA
70
1
ND
I
n
thi
s
c
a
s
e
,
the
pr
int
e
d
a
ntenna
a
s
the
pr
otot
ype
of
the
AP
a
ntenna
is
mount
e
d
on
the
T
P
-
L
I
NK
W
A
701
ND
de
vice
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
in
or
de
r
to
inves
ti
ga
te
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
o
f
the
de
s
igned
a
ntenna
.
Ac
c
e
s
s
point
tes
ti
ng
is
done
by
c
ompar
ing
the
c
onve
nti
ona
l
a
nt
e
nna
s
,
the
de
s
igned
a
ntenna
a
nd
without
a
n
a
nten
na
a
s
in
F
igur
e
6
.
T
he
tes
t
wa
s
c
a
r
r
ied
out
on
the
3
r
d
f
loo
r
of
the
G
buil
d
ing
a
t
the
c
a
mpus
of
the
P
oli
tekni
k
Ne
ge
r
i
P
a
da
ng,
I
ndone
s
ia.
T
he
s
it
e
plan
of
the
buil
ding
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
6
whe
r
e
the
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
is
lo
c
a
ted
in
the
G
307
r
oo
m.
T
he
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
c
onne
c
ti
on
tes
ti
ng
is
c
onduc
ted
by
mea
ns
of
s
pe
e
d
tes
t
s
of
twa
r
e
.
T
he
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
tes
t
is
im
pleme
nted
in
a
ll
r
ooms
,
c
or
r
idor
s
,
a
nd
ter
r
a
c
e
s
of
G
buil
ding
by
us
ing
a
lapt
op
whic
h
will
be
c
onne
c
ted
to
the
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
.
T
he
tes
t
r
e
s
ult
s
a
r
e
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
7
whic
h
indi
c
a
te
the
s
ignal
s
tr
e
ngths
a
t
the
ti
me
of
tes
ti
ng.
T
a
ble
1
s
umm
a
r
ize
d
the
da
ta
of
ti
me
on
pingi
ng
t
he
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
a
s
we
ll
a
s
the
downloa
d
a
nd
uploa
d
s
pe
e
d.
I
t
is
s
e
e
n
that
the
a
bil
i
ty
o
f
the
laptop
on
a
c
c
e
s
s
ing
the
de
vice
by
us
ing
the
pr
int
e
d
a
ntenna
mainly
a
s
good
a
s
the
AP
c
onve
nti
ona
l
a
ntenna
.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
only
th
r
e
e
r
ooms
a
t
the
f
a
r
thes
t
dis
tanc
e
ha
s
lowe
r
leve
l
i
n
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng
powe
r
.
F
ur
ther
mo
r
e
,
whe
n
ther
e
is
no
a
ntenna
c
on
ne
c
ted
to
the
laptop
then
the
c
onne
c
ti
on
only
oc
c
u
r
s
if
AP
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
s
ign
and
c
ompr
e
he
ns
iv
e
tes
ti
ng
a
2.
4
GH
z
antenna
for
W
i
F
i
ac
c
e
s
s
point
(
F
ir
daus
)
1181
the
laptop
a
nd
A
P
is
plac
e
d
in
the
s
a
me
r
oom
c
lo
s
e
ly.
T
hus
,
the
a
ntenna
in
thi
s
wor
k
is
a
good
c
a
ndidate
a
s
a
n
int
e
r
na
l
AP
a
ntenna
.
(
a
)
(
b)
(
c
)
(
d)
(
e
)
(f)
F
igur
e
5.
C
ompar
is
on
of
the
pa
tch
a
ntenna
a
nd
the
T
P
-
L
I
NK
a
tenna
F
igur
e
6.
T
e
s
ti
ng
s
c
e
na
r
io,
(
a
)
AP
T
P
-
L
I
NK
a
ntenna
,
(
b
)
pa
tch
a
ntenna
,
(
c
)
without
a
ntenna
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
117
6
-
118
4
1182
F
igur
e
7.
T
h
ir
d
f
loor
of
G
buil
ding
whe
r
e
the
a
ntenna
in
thi
s
wor
k
is
tes
ted
T
a
ble
1
.
C
ompar
is
on
of
T
P
L
I
NK
ND
APs
a
ntenn
a
to
pa
tch
a
ntenna
L
oc
a
ti
on
A
nt
e
nna
D
is
ta
nc
e
* (
m)
S
ig
na
l
B
a
r
S
pe
e
d t
e
s
t
me
a
s
ur
e
me
nt
P
in
g (
ms
)
D
ow
nl
oa
d (
M
bps
)
U
pl
oa
d (
M
bps
)
G
307
A
P
s
A
nt
e
nna
3
F
ul
l
24
10.12
9
.
76
P
a
tc
h
3
F
ul
l
23
10.12
9
.
99
W
it
hout
A
nt
.
3
F
ul
l
23
9
.
94
10
.
05
G
315
A
P
s
A
nt
e
nna
6
F
ul
l
26
9
.
87
9
.
56
P
a
tc
h
6
F
ul
l
23
9
.
36
9
.
46
W
it
hout
A
nt
.
6
F
ul
l
24
9
.
85
9
.
73
G
314
A
P
s
A
nt
e
nna
10
4 ba
r
24
9
.
31
9
.
46
P
a
tc
h
10
4 ba
r
27
10
.
28
9
.
73
W
it
hout
A
nt
.
10
No
No
No
N
o
G
309
A
P
s
A
nt
e
nna
12
3 ba
r
25
10
.
1
4
.
69
P
a
tc
h
12
3 ba
r
23
4
.
77
6
.
42
W
it
hout
A
nt
.
12
No
No
No
N
o
G
313
A
P
s
A
nt
e
nna
11
4 ba
r
35
2
.
13
1
.
42
P
a
tc
h
11
3 ba
r
23
8
.
9
9
.
65
W
it
hout
A
nt
.
11
No
No
No
N
o
G
302
A
P
s
A
nt
e
nna
15
3 ba
r
26
3
.
52
5
.
76
P
a
tc
h
15
3 ba
r
27
4
.
36
4
.
79
W
it
hout
A
nt
.
15
No
No
No
N
o
G
305
A
P
s
A
nt
e
nna
15
3 ba
r
22
2
.
01
5
.
21
P
a
tc
h
15
3 ba
r
24
3
.
75
4
.
19
W
it
hout
A
nt
.
15
No
No
No
N
o
W
or
ks
hop
A
P
s
A
nt
e
nna
10
3 ba
r
28
5
.
24
7
.
86
P
a
tc
h
10
3 ba
r
22
4
.
56
7
.
72
W
it
hout
A
nt
.
10
No
No
No
N
o
L
e
c
tu
r
e
r
r
oom
A
P
s
A
nt
e
nna
8
3 ba
r
28
9
.
13
10
P
a
tc
h
8
2 ba
r
33
5
.
13
7
.
79
W
it
hout
A
nt
.
8
No
No
No
N
o
G
303
A
P
s
A
nt
e
nna
8
3 ba
r
28
9
.
13
9
.
43
P
a
tc
h
8
2 ba
r
33
1
.
76
4
.
68
W
it
hout
A
nt
.
8
No
No
No
N
o
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
A
s
mall
a
ntenna
pa
tch
f
or
in
ter
na
l
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
ope
r
a
ti
ng
in
2
.
4
GH
z
ba
nd
is
pr
opos
e
d.
Ante
nna
ha
ve
s
table
omni
dir
e
c
ti
ona
l
pa
tt
e
r
n
a
nd
li
nier
polar
iza
ti
on.
T
he
mea
s
ur
e
d
-
10
dB
ba
ndwidth
is
755
M
Hz
,
a
nd
2.
5
dB
i
ga
in
.
T
e
s
t
r
e
s
ult
s
s
how
the
a
ntenn
a
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
is
s
ti
ll
be
low
c
onve
nti
ona
l
a
ntenna
s
,
bu
t
th
e
a
ntenna
a
ble
to
c
ove
r
the
e
nti
r
e
a
r
e
a
in
the
G
buil
ding
whi
c
h
is
a
typi
c
a
l
buil
ding
on
the
of
f
ice
,
s
c
hool
or
un
iver
s
it
y.
T
he
dim
e
ns
ions
of
the
a
ntenna
is
42
x
28
x1
.
6
mm
whic
h
a
ll
owing
the
a
ntenna
to
be
hidden
in
the
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
de
vice
by
int
e
gr
a
ti
ng
it
with
the
p
r
int
e
d
c
ir
c
uit
boa
r
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
s
ign
and
c
ompr
e
he
ns
iv
e
tes
ti
ng
a
2.
4
GH
z
antenna
for
W
i
F
i
ac
c
e
s
s
point
(
F
ir
daus
)
1183
AC
KNOWL
E
DGE
M
E
NT
S
T
his
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
s
upor
ted
by
DI
P
A
P
oli
tekni
k
Ne
ge
r
i
P
a
da
ng
Gr
a
nt
2019
c
ontr
a
c
t
g
r
a
nt
no.
214/P
L
9.
1
.
4/P
T
.
01.
02/2019
.
T
he
a
uthor
s
than
k
to
a
ll
Ante
nna
a
nd
P
r
opa
ga
ti
on
S
tudy
C
e
nter
P
oli
teknik
Ne
ge
r
i
P
a
da
ng
membe
r
s
.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
Z
.
H
ao
,
S.
Memb
er,
H
.
W
an
g
,
an
d
W
.
H
o
n
g
,
“A
N
o
v
el
Pl
an
ar
Rec
o
n
f
i
g
u
rab
l
e
M
o
n
o
p
u
l
s
e
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
fo
r
I
n
d
o
o
r
S
mar
t
W
i
re
l
es
s
A
cces
s
Po
i
n
t
s
A
p
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
,
”
n
o
.
6
1
4
7
1
1
1
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
H
.
H
u
a
n
g
,
Y
.
L
i
u
,
M.
Ieee,
an
d
S.
G
o
n
g
,
“Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
D
u
al
-
p
o
l
ar
i
zed
O
m
n
i
d
i
rect
i
o
n
al
A
n
t
en
n
a
f
o
r
2
G
/
3
G
/
L
T
E
/
W
i
F
i
A
p
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
,
”
v
o
l
.
1
2
2
5
,
n
o
.
c,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
C.
R.
Med
ei
ro
s
,
E
.
B.
L
i
ma,
J
.
R
.
Co
s
t
a,
an
d
C.
A
.
Fer
n
an
d
es
,
“W
i
d
eb
a
n
d
s
l
o
t
an
t
e
n
n
a
fo
r
W
L
A
N
acces
s
p
o
i
n
t
s
,
”
IE
E
E
A
n
t
en
n
a
s
W
i
r
e
l
.
P
r
o
p
a
g
.
Let
t
.
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
p
p
.
7
9
-
8
2
,
2
0
1
0
.
[
4]
A
.
Fo
u
d
az
i
,
H
.
R.
H
as
s
a
n
i
,
an
d
S.
Mo
h
ammad
A
l
i
N
e
zh
ad
,
“Smal
l
U
W
B
p
l
an
ar
m
o
n
o
p
o
l
e
an
t
en
n
a
w
i
t
h
ad
d
ed
G
PS/
G
SM/
W
L
A
N
b
a
n
d
s
,
”
IE
E
E
Tr
a
n
s
.
A
n
t
en
n
a
s
P
r
o
p
a
g
.
,
v
o
l
.
6
0
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
9
8
7
-
2
9
9
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
Z
.
N
.
Ch
en
,
X
.
Q
i
n
g
,
T
.
S.
P.
See,
an
d
W
.
K
.
T
o
h
,
“A
n
t
en
n
as
fo
r
W
i
F
i
co
n
n
ec
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
”
P
r
o
c.
IE
E
E
,
v
o
l
.
1
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.
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[2
2
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M.
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[2
3
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R.
Fern
an
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.
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[2
4
]
A
.
Sh
arma,
G
.
D
as
,
an
d
R.
K
.
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an
g
w
ar,
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.
[2
5
]
C.
A
.
Bal
an
i
s
,
“A
n
t
en
n
a
T
h
e
o
ry
.
”
A
J
o
h
n
W
i
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y
&
So
n
,
2
0
0
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
117
6
-
118
4
1184
B
I
OG
RA
P
HI
E
S
OF
AU
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HO
RS
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i
rda
us
(IE
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mem
b
er)
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v
ed
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h
e
B.
E
n
g
.
a
n
d
M.
E
n
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d
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rees
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l
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r
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