T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
a
n
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
5
,
Oc
tober
2020
,
pp
.
2304
~2313
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i5.
15774
2304
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
php/T
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d
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t
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n
c
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
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t
h
e
T
A
M
E
x
c
o
u
l
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g
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ar
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n
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d
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er
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ce
s
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l
e
s
s
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
va
il
a
bil
it
y
E
-
e
xa
m
R
S
S
I
T
AM
E
x
W
L
A
N
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
L
inaw
a
ti
,
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
E
lec
tr
ica
l
E
nginee
r
ing,
Uda
ya
na
Unive
r
s
it
y,
B
a
li
,
I
ndone
s
ia.
E
mail:
li
na
wa
ti
@unud
.
a
c
.
id
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
I
nf
or
mation
a
nd
c
omput
e
r
tec
hnology
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
ha
s
c
ont
r
ibut
e
d
s
igni
f
ica
nt
c
ha
nge
s
in
lea
r
ning
s
ys
tem.
E
lec
tr
onic
lea
r
ning
s
ys
tem
(
e
-
lea
r
ning)
with
it
s
a
dva
ntage
s
in
ter
m
of
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
a
nd
f
l
e
xibi
li
ty
be
c
omi
ng
mor
e
popular
to
be
im
pleme
nted
in
univer
s
it
ies
or
othe
r
s
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
ins
ti
tut
ions
.
L
e
a
r
ning
mate
r
ial
in
e
-
lea
r
ning
s
ys
tem
is
a
ble
to
be
s
e
t
to
a
da
pti
ve
with
the
leve
l
o
f
e
a
c
h
s
tudent’
s
knowl
e
dge
[
1]
.
As
a
n
e
xa
mpl
e
,
e
-
lea
r
ning
s
ys
tem
ha
s
be
e
n
us
e
d
to
im
p
r
ove
I
ndone
s
ian
human
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
du
e
to
it
s
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
that
s
uit
a
ble
f
or
the
f
ield
of
a
r
t
,
s
c
ienc
e
,
e
nginee
r
ing
a
nd
tec
hnology
[
2]
.
T
he
e
l
e
c
tr
onic
e
xa
mi
na
ti
on
(
e
-
e
xa
m)
s
ys
tem
ha
s
be
e
n
us
e
d
a
s
a
model
f
or
e
va
luating
lea
r
ning
s
ys
tems
.
S
ome
of
the
a
dva
ntage
s
of
e
-
e
xa
m
c
ompar
e
d
to
the
pa
pe
r
-
ba
s
e
d
tes
t
s
y
s
tem
a
r
e
the
r
e
duc
ti
on
in
indi
vidu
a
l
e
r
r
or
s
(
human
e
r
r
or
)
,
the
dis
tr
ibut
ion
is
done
dir
e
c
tl
y
th
r
ough
the
ne
twor
k,
higher
s
e
c
ur
it
y
leve
ls
,
e
f
f
ici
e
nc
y
in
ti
me,
s
pa
c
e
,
c
os
t
a
nd
human
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
.
I
t
a
ls
o
pr
ovides
i
mm
e
diate
ly
tes
t
r
e
s
ult
s
with
higher
int
e
gr
it
y
[
3
]
.
As
a
n
e
f
f
or
t
to
e
ns
ur
e
the
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y
of
e
-
ex
a
m
s
e
r
vice
s
,
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
ins
ti
tut
ions
us
ua
ll
y
pr
e
pa
r
e
s
pe
c
ial
r
ooms
s
uc
h
a
s
c
omput
e
r
labs
that
c
ontain
a
number
o
f
c
omput
e
r
s
c
onne
c
ted
to
the
ne
two
r
k.
H
owe
ve
r
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
T
A
M
E
x
fr
ame
w
or
k
as
an
alt
e
r
nati
v
e
for
e
-
e
x
am
implem
e
ntat
ion
in
w
ir
e
les
s
ne
tw
or
k
(
L
inaw
ati
)
2305
the
li
mi
tations
of
a
de
qua
te
I
C
T
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
f
or
c
onduc
ti
ng
e
lec
tr
onic
e
xa
ms
f
o
r
a
ll
s
tudents
a
r
e
a
pr
oblem
f
or
mos
t
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
ins
ti
tut
ions
.
As
a
s
olut
ion,
th
e
tes
t
is
us
ua
ll
y
c
a
r
r
ied
out
c
ons
e
c
uti
ve
ly.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
r
e
late
d
to
the
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
of
the
e
-
e
xa
m
model
with
the
b
r
ing
your
own
de
vice
(
B
YO
D)
method
ha
s
be
e
n
c
onduc
ted
a
t
s
e
ve
r
a
l
univer
s
it
ies
[4
-
6
]
.
I
n
c
onduc
ti
ng
e
-
e
xa
m,
ins
t
it
uti
on
doe
s
not
ne
e
d
to
p
r
ovide
the
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
mi
na
ls
but
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
br
ing
a
nd
us
e
their
own
laptop
de
vice
s
.
T
he
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
of
us
ing
B
YO
D
method,
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
f
e
e
l
mor
e
c
om
f
or
table
to
c
onduc
t
e
-
e
xa
ms
us
ing
tool
s
they
a
r
e
f
a
mi
li
a
r
with
[
7
]
.
I
n
a
ddit
ions
,
with
the
s
uppor
t
o
f
in
f
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
a
n
d
im
pr
ove
ment
o
f
s
tudents
in
the
a
bil
it
y
of
us
ing
I
C
T
de
v
ice
s
f
or
their
da
il
y
a
c
ti
vit
ies
,
e
-
e
xa
m
is
be
ing
us
e
d
wide
ly
in
higher
e
duc
a
ti
on
to
a
c
hieve
the
s
uc
c
e
s
s
of
their
s
tudents
thr
ough
their
knowle
dge
a
nd
s
kil
ls
in
the
mode
r
n
wor
ld
[
8
]
.
T
he
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
a
r
e
po
s
s
ibl
e
to
take
the
e
xa
m
f
r
om
a
ny
loca
ti
ons
a
s
long
a
s
they
a
r
e
c
onne
c
ted
to
the
I
n
ter
ne
t
due
to
the
e
-
e
xa
m
is
a
s
e
r
vice
that
de
li
ve
r
e
d
onli
ne
in
the
f
or
m
o
f
we
b
-
ba
s
e
d
a
p
pli
c
a
ti
on.
E
ve
n
thought
,
e
-
e
xa
m
of
f
e
r
s
va
r
ious
a
dva
ntage
s
ther
e
a
r
e
s
ti
ll
s
ome
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
r
e
late
d
to
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y,
qua
li
ty
of
s
e
r
vice
a
nd
high
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y
r
e
quir
e
ments
in
the
im
pleme
ntation
of
e
-
e
xa
m.
F
ur
ther
mor
e
,
it
a
ls
o
ne
e
ds
ins
ti
tut
ional
a
tt
e
nti
on
to
va
r
ious
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
r
e
late
d
to
s
c
a
labili
ty,
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
a
nd
s
e
c
ur
it
y
of
e
-
e
xa
m
im
pleme
ntation
[9
,
10]
.
Ge
ne
r
a
ll
y,
e
-
e
xa
m
is
a
s
of
twa
r
e
that
is
u
s
ua
ll
y
u
s
e
d
in
onli
ne
e
duc
a
ti
on
s
ys
t
e
ms
to
a
s
s
e
s
s
s
tudent
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
whic
h
is
c
a
r
r
ied
out
us
ing
in
f
or
mati
on
a
nd
c
omm
unica
ti
on
tec
hnology
de
vice
s
[
11]
.
I
n
r
e
c
e
nt
ye
a
r
s
,
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
the
us
e
of
e
-
e
xa
m
ha
s
be
c
ome
mor
e
wide
s
pr
e
a
d,
no
t
only
f
or
e
va
luating
s
tudent
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
,
but
a
ls
o
f
or
e
xa
mi
na
ti
ons
in
the
c
o
ntext
of
e
mpl
oye
e
s
e
lec
t
ion,
a
dmi
s
s
ion
of
ne
w
s
tudents
or
joi
nt
e
xa
mi
na
ti
ons
pa
r
ti
c
ipate
d
by
many
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
.
I
n
I
ndone
s
ia
f
o
r
e
xa
mpl
e
,
e
-
e
xa
m
ha
s
be
e
n
wide
ly
us
e
d
in
na
ti
ona
l
e
xa
ms
f
o
r
juni
o
r
a
nd
s
e
nior
high
s
c
hool
s
tudents
,
e
xa
mi
na
ti
ons
f
or
ne
w
s
tudent
e
nr
o
lm
e
nt
in
s
tate
univer
s
it
ies
a
nd
a
ls
o
f
or
s
e
lec
ti
on
of
a
dmi
s
s
ion
s
to
pr
os
pe
c
ti
ve
c
ivi
l
s
e
r
va
nts
a
nd
va
r
ious
othe
r
s
im
il
a
r
e
xa
ms
[
12]
.
I
n
o
r
de
r
to
i
mpl
e
ment
e
-
e
xa
m
to
s
uppor
t
e
-
lea
r
ning
s
e
r
vice
s
a
nd
or
other
kind
of
e
xa
mi
na
ti
on
pur
pos
e
s
,
the
E
duc
a
ti
ona
l
ins
ti
tut
ion
ne
e
ds
to
p
r
ovide
s
uppor
ti
ng
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
uc
h
a
s
s
pe
c
ial
r
o
om
with
good
I
C
T
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
.
T
h
e
i
mp
le
me
nt
a
t
io
n
o
f
e
-
e
xa
m
is
t
he
mos
t
c
o
m
pl
ic
a
t
e
d
in
e
-
lea
r
ni
ng
s
ys
tem
.
T
h
is
r
e
l
a
t
e
s
t
o
s
e
c
u
r
i
ty
,
q
ue
s
t
io
n
dis
t
r
i
bu
t
io
n
a
nd
a
ls
o
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
i
n
th
e
le
ve
l
of
u
s
e
r
’
s
a
c
c
e
s
s
t
ha
t
m
us
t
be
a
c
c
o
m
mo
da
ted
.
T
h
e
s
e
c
a
us
e
s
t
he
r
e
qu
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
va
r
io
us
e
f
f
or
ts
t
o
ma
in
ta
in
t
he
r
e
l
iab
i
li
ty
o
f
t
he
i
mp
le
me
nt
a
t
io
n
o
f
e
-
e
xa
m
.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
s
t
ud
ies
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
c
a
r
r
ie
d
ou
t
r
e
la
te
d
to
s
e
c
ur
i
ng
e
-
e
x
a
m
,
f
o
r
e
x
a
m
pl
e
by
a
p
pl
yi
ng
c
r
yp
to
gr
a
p
hy
t
e
c
h
ni
q
ue
s
in
t
he
dis
t
r
i
bu
t
io
n
o
f
q
ue
s
ti
ons
[
10
]
a
nd
ide
nt
i
f
y
in
g
f
r
a
u
d
c
om
mi
t
ted
by
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
wh
o
c
o
m
mi
tt
e
d
i
t
f
r
o
m
a
r
e
mo
te
lo
c
a
t
i
on
[
1
3
]
,
a
p
pl
ica
t
io
n
o
f
b
io
me
t
r
i
c
s
ys
te
ms
t
o
id
e
n
ti
f
y
us
e
r
s
a
nd
dis
t
r
i
bu
te
d
f
i
r
e
wa
ll
s
to
m
on
i
to
r
u
s
e
r
a
n
d
c
on
t
r
o
l
pa
c
ke
ts
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
us
e
r
a
ut
he
n
t
ica
ti
o
n
[
14
-
16
]
.
T
he
s
tu
dy
o
f
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
a
na
l
ys
is
c
o
m
pa
r
i
ng
t
he
s
e
c
ur
i
ty
c
ha
ll
e
n
ge
s
of
t
he
mo
de
r
n
e
xa
m
w
i
th
the
t
r
a
d
it
i
ona
l
e
xa
m
wa
s
a
ls
o
c
a
r
r
ie
d
o
ut
in
[
17
,
18
]
.
F
r
o
m
va
r
i
ous
s
tu
di
e
s
th
a
t
h
a
ve
b
e
e
n
c
on
du
c
t
e
d
,
a
lm
os
t
a
l
l
o
f
th
e
m
e
mp
ha
s
ize
t
he
s
e
c
u
r
i
ty
mec
ha
nis
m
o
f
th
e
i
mp
le
me
nt
a
t
io
n
o
f
e
-
e
xa
m
t
ha
t
a
im
to
a
n
ti
c
i
pa
te
th
e
oc
c
u
r
r
e
nc
e
o
f
f
r
a
ud
u
len
t
c
on
du
c
te
d
b
y
v
a
r
i
ou
s
pa
r
ti
e
s
i
n
i
mp
le
men
ta
t
io
n
o
f
e
-
e
x
a
m
.
T
he
s
e
c
u
r
i
ty
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
is
c
a
r
r
ie
d
o
ut
a
t
s
o
me
s
t
a
ge
s
.
I
t
is
s
ta
r
t
f
o
r
m
th
e
s
tag
e
of
p
r
ov
id
i
ng
e
lec
t
r
o
ni
c
que
s
t
io
ns
,
in
the
s
ta
ge
o
f
th
e
dis
t
r
i
bu
ti
on
o
f
q
ue
s
ti
ons
th
r
ou
gh
t
he
ne
tw
o
r
k
a
nd
t
he
s
tag
e
o
f
e
-
e
xa
m
i
mp
le
men
ta
ti
on
t
o
ma
ke
s
u
r
e
t
ha
t
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
w
ho
t
a
ke
e
-
e
xa
m
a
r
e
a
ut
he
nt
ica
te
d
e
xa
m
ine
e
s
a
n
d
un
a
b
le
t
o
d
o
a
n
y
f
r
a
u
du
le
nt
.
N
o
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
h
a
s
be
e
n
f
o
un
d
t
ha
t
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
e
s
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
a
c
c
e
s
s
t
ha
t
f
o
c
us
on
t
he
r
e
li
a
b
i
li
ty
o
f
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
v
ice
s
,
e
s
pe
c
i
a
l
ly
in
i
ns
ti
tu
t
io
ns
t
ha
t
ha
v
e
l
im
it
e
d
in
f
r
a
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
s
uc
h
a
s
m
os
t
e
du
c
a
ti
ona
l
ins
t
it
u
t
io
ns
in
de
ve
lo
pi
ng
c
o
un
t
r
i
e
s
.
B
e
s
i
de
s
s
e
c
ur
in
g
e
-
e
xa
m
f
r
o
m
va
r
io
us
p
os
s
ib
le
f
r
a
u
d
s
c
om
m
it
te
d
by
va
r
io
us
pa
r
t
ies
,
i
t
is
a
l
s
o
r
e
q
ui
r
e
d
to
p
a
y
a
tt
e
n
ti
on
t
o
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
r
e
ga
r
di
ng
a
c
c
e
s
s
t
o
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
v
ice
s
s
o
t
ha
t
e
x
a
m
in
e
e
s
do
no
t
l
os
e
th
e
i
r
ti
me
a
nd
wo
r
k
i
f
t
he
r
e
is
a
ne
tw
o
r
k
in
te
r
r
u
p
ti
on
oc
c
u
r
r
e
d
.
T
im
e
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on
is
one
of
the
mos
t
s
e
ns
it
ive
f
a
c
t
or
s
in
c
onduc
ti
ng
e
-
e
xa
m.
T
he
e
-
e
xa
m
o
r
ga
nize
r
ne
e
ds
to
wor
k
on
a
mec
ha
nis
m
to
a
nti
c
ipate
the
lo
s
s
of
ti
me
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on
f
or
the
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
whic
h
is
c
a
us
e
d
by
a
c
onne
c
ti
on
los
s
dur
ing
the
e
-
e
xa
m
im
pleme
nta
ti
on
due
to
g
r
a
da
ti
on
of
the
ne
twor
k
qua
li
ty
o
f
s
e
r
vice
s
.
I
n
c
a
s
e
of
wir
e
les
s
ne
twor
k
,
s
ignal
s
tr
e
ngth
is
one
of
the
f
a
c
tor
s
that
de
ter
mi
ne
the
qua
li
ty
of
s
e
r
vice
.
As
we
ll
known
that
the
a
mount
o
f
s
ignal
s
tr
e
ngth
is
a
f
f
e
c
ted
by
many
f
a
c
tor
including
the
numbe
r
us
e
r
s
[
19
,
20
]
,
the
us
e
of
s
pe
c
tr
um
[
21]
a
nd
e
nvi
r
onment
im
pa
c
t
s
uc
h
a
s
indoor
a
ir
pr
oblems
[
22]
that
pos
s
ibl
e
to
c
ontr
ibut
e
a
tt
e
nua
ti
on,
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
a
n
d
f
a
ding
[
23]
.
T
his
s
i
gna
l
s
tr
e
ngth
is
a
ls
o
the
ma
in
c
onc
e
r
n
in
[
24]
,
wh
ich
buil
d
a
model
to
de
s
c
r
ibe
a
r
e
lations
hip
be
twe
e
n
the
pr
opa
ga
ti
on
of
a
r
a
di
o
s
ignal
wi
th
r
a
ndom
wa
ve
f
or
m.
T
he
s
ignal
s
tr
e
ngth
c
ould
be
e
s
ti
mate
d
us
ing
nume
r
ica
l
modeling
[
25]
whic
h
s
hows
that
the
nume
r
ica
l
model
ha
s
a
n
a
c
c
e
ptable
r
e
lative
e
r
r
o
r
in
ter
ms
o
f
the
h
ydr
odyna
mi
c
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
whic
h
c
ould
be
e
quival
e
nt
with
the
wa
ve
f
or
m
.
On
the
other
ha
nd
,
a
n
L
NA
c
i
r
c
uit
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
in
wi
r
e
les
s
s
ys
tem
to
im
pr
ove
ga
in
of
s
ignal
with
low
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion
is
a
good
pr
omi
s
ing
t
o
be
other
s
olut
ion
in
thi
s
e
-
e
xa
m
model
[
26]
.
T
he
objec
ti
ve
o
f
th
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
to
de
ve
lop
a
n
e
-
e
xa
m
f
r
a
mew
or
k
na
mely
T
AM
E
x
F
r
a
mew
or
k
that
s
uit
a
ble
to
be
im
pleme
nted
in
wir
e
les
s
ne
twor
k
e
s
pe
c
ially
in
wir
e
les
s
loca
l
a
r
e
a
ne
twor
k
.
T
his
f
r
a
mew
or
k
c
ould
be
a
n
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
s
olut
ion
f
or
ins
ti
tut
ion
that
f
a
c
ing
li
mi
tation
in
I
C
T
in
f
r
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
a
nd
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
mi
na
ls
.
I
n
the
T
AM
E
x
de
ve
lopm
e
nt,
we
mainl
y
f
oc
us
to
inves
ti
ga
te
of
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y
a
nd
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
of
good
si
gna
l
qua
li
ty
of
wir
e
les
s
loca
l
a
r
e
a
ne
twor
k.
T
he
r
e
c
e
ived
s
ignal
s
tr
e
ngth
indi
c
a
ti
on
(
R
S
S
I
)
o
f
the
e
-
e
xa
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
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T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Oc
tober
2020:
2304
-
2313
2306
ter
mi
na
l
is
a
ppli
e
d
a
s
the
main
indi
c
a
tor
o
f
the
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y
a
nd
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
o
f
the
s
ignal.
None
of
pr
e
vious
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
s
ha
ve
obs
e
r
ve
d
the
r
e
lations
hi
p
be
twe
e
n
the
R
S
S
I
a
nd
the
e
-
e
xa
m
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
W
he
n
the
R
S
S
I
is
low
then
us
e
r
c
a
n
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
ba
d
or
los
t
c
onne
c
ti
on
dur
ing
the
e
-
e
xa
m
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
he
n
with
the
T
AM
E
x
f
r
a
mew
or
k,
it
ha
s
a
n
a
bil
it
y
to
pr
ovide
ti
me
c
ompens
a
ti
on
a
utom
a
ti
c
a
ll
y
to
the
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
whe
n
th
e
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
got
los
t
c
onne
c
ti
on
dur
ing
e
xa
mi
na
ti
on
s
tage
.
T
he
ti
me
e
xtent
c
or
r
e
s
ponds
to
the
dur
a
ti
on
of
the
c
onne
c
ti
on
los
s
e
xpe
r
ienc
e
d
by
the
e
xa
mi
ne
e
.
T
hus
,
the
c
onne
c
ti
on
d
is
r
upti
on
that
oc
c
ur
s
will
n
ot
c
a
us
e
a
los
s
of
ti
me
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on
f
or
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
to
wor
k
o
n
the
e
-
e
xa
m.
T
his
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
a
c
onti
nua
ti
on
o
f
pr
e
vious
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
to
c
onve
y
a
mor
e
s
tr
uc
tur
e
d
mec
ha
nis
m
in
the
T
AM
E
x
model
[
27
]
.
C
ontr
ibut
ion
of
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
to
pr
ovide
f
r
a
mew
or
k
whic
h
is
a
da
ptable
with
t
he
s
ignal
qua
li
ty
of
wir
e
les
s
ne
twor
ks
,
i.
e
.
the
R
S
S
I
a
nd
make
s
im
pleme
ntation
of
e
-
e
xa
m
in
wir
e
les
s
e
nvir
onment
mo
r
e
r
e
li
a
ble
a
nd
a
c
c
ountable
.
T
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
method
will
be
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
the
s
e
c
ti
on
2
that
is
s
tar
ted
by
int
r
oduc
ing
the
s
c
he
ma
of
the
T
AM
E
x
M
ode
l.
T
he
n
the
T
AM
E
x
F
r
a
mew
or
k
is
e
xplaine
d
br
ief
l
y.
T
he
r
e
s
ult
s
a
n
d
dis
c
us
s
ion
a
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nted
in
s
e
c
ti
on
3.
F
inally,
s
e
c
ti
on
4
c
omes
out
with
the
c
onc
lus
ion
a
nd
f
utur
e
wor
ks
of
the
s
tudy.
2.
RE
S
E
AR
CH
M
E
T
HO
D
2.
1.
T
AM
E
x
m
o
d
e
l
m
e
c
h
an
is
h
m
T
he
ti
me
a
da
pti
ve
f
o
r
mobi
le
e
-
e
xa
m
(
T
AM
E
x
)
M
ode
l
is
de
ve
loped
to
s
uppor
t
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
vice
s
o
n
wir
e
les
s
ne
twor
ks
e
nvir
onment.
F
igu
r
e
1
s
hows
th
e
e
-
e
xa
m
mec
ha
nis
m
in
the
T
AM
E
x
model.
I
t
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
in
the
pictur
e
that
ther
e
a
r
e
s
e
ve
r
a
l
c
omponents
invol
ve
d
in
the
e
-
e
xa
m
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
na
mely
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
,
e
-
ex
a
m
ter
mi
na
ls
,
a
c
c
e
s
s
point
s
a
nd
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
ve
r
s
.
Exa
mi
n
e
e
s
Exa
m T
e
r
mi
n
al
s
A
P
s
Exa
m Q
u
e
s
ti
on
s
d
e
l
i
ve
r
e
d
Exam an
s
w
e
r
s
e
n
t
U
s
e
r
i
d
an
d
Wi
F
i
s
i
gn
al
p
r
op
e
r
ti
e
s
r
e
c
or
d
e
d
F
igur
e
1.
T
AM
E
x
model
f
or
e
-
e
xa
m
mec
ha
nis
m
E
x
a
m
in
e
e
s
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
v
ic
e
s
th
r
ou
gh
its
ow
n
m
o
bi
le
d
e
v
ice
(
B
YO
D
)
.
A
n
e
x
a
m
in
e
e
m
us
t
i
ns
ta
l
l
t
he
T
AM
E
x
a
d
a
p
te
r
a
p
pl
ic
a
t
io
n
i
n
his
or
he
r
mo
b
il
e
de
vi
c
e
.
T
h
is
a
p
pl
ic
a
t
io
n
wo
r
ks
to
ge
n
e
r
a
t
e
p
r
o
pe
r
ti
e
s
of
d
a
t
a
a
n
d
r
e
c
e
i
ve
d
s
ig
na
l
s
t
r
e
ng
th
in
di
c
a
to
r
(
R
S
S
I
)
o
f
th
e
de
v
ice
.
T
h
e
ne
xt
mec
ha
nis
m
c
a
n
b
e
d
on
e
if
t
he
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
a
n
d
th
e
i
r
t
e
r
m
ina
ls
h
a
ve
be
e
n
a
u
the
nt
ic
a
t
e
d
i
n
t
he
e
-
e
x
a
m
s
ys
t
e
m
.
T
h
e
a
va
i
lab
i
li
ty
of
e
-
e
x
a
m
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
is
a
n
i
mp
o
r
t
a
n
t
f
a
c
t
o
r
of
c
onc
e
r
n
i
n
th
is
s
t
ud
y
.
I
n
t
he
e
x
a
m
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
,
a
ll
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
s
ho
u
ld
ge
t
t
he
s
a
me
q
ua
li
ty
o
f
s
e
r
v
ic
e
a
nd
a
c
c
e
s
s
t
o
th
e
s
ys
te
m
t
o
ma
in
ta
in
t
he
f
a
i
r
ne
s
s
o
f
e
-
e
x
a
m
s
e
r
v
ic
e
s
.
R
e
la
te
d
to
t
he
us
e
of
w
i
r
e
les
s
ne
tw
o
r
ks
,
va
r
io
us
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
c
a
n
a
f
f
e
c
t
t
he
qu
a
l
i
ty
o
f
wi
r
e
les
s
l
oc
a
l
a
r
e
a
ne
tw
o
r
k
(
W
L
AN
)
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
,
f
o
r
e
x
a
m
pl
e
t
he
d
is
t
a
n
c
e
o
f
e
-
e
xa
m
te
r
mi
na
ls
w
it
h
a
c
c
e
s
s
p
oi
nts
,
t
h
e
p
r
e
s
e
nc
e
o
f
a
t
te
nua
t
io
n
,
n
ois
e
i
n
te
r
f
e
r
e
nc
e
o
r
f
a
d
in
g
,
t
ha
t
a
l
l
c
a
n
a
f
f
e
c
t
t
he
pe
r
f
o
r
ma
nc
e
o
f
W
L
AN
s
e
r
v
ice
s
[
28
]
.
A
lt
ho
ug
h
t
he
nu
m
be
r
o
f
a
c
c
e
s
s
po
in
ts
t
o
c
o
ve
r
a
l
l
t
he
e
xa
m
a
r
e
a
,
c
a
n
b
e
p
r
ov
i
de
d
ba
s
e
d
o
n
a
na
ly
z
e
s
o
f
the
da
t
a
r
a
t
e
a
n
d
R
S
S
I
[
2
9
,
3
0]
,
u
n
pr
e
d
ic
tab
le
c
o
nne
c
t
io
n
p
r
ob
le
ms
s
t
il
l
oc
c
u
r
r
e
d
a
t
t
he
t
e
r
m
ina
ls
.
T
h
e
T
AM
E
x
mo
de
l
us
e
s
th
e
R
S
S
I
l
e
v
e
l
a
s
a
n
i
nd
ic
a
t
o
r
o
f
the
qu
a
l
i
ty
of
e
-
e
x
a
m
s
e
r
v
ice
s
.
W
he
n
t
he
R
S
S
I
is
lo
w
wh
ic
h
m
e
a
ns
t
ha
t
a
us
e
r
h
a
s
a
c
on
ne
c
t
io
n
p
r
ob
le
m
,
t
he
n
a
us
e
r
is
g
ive
n
a
n
e
x
te
nd
e
d
ti
me
in
a
c
c
o
r
da
nc
e
w
it
h
t
he
du
r
a
ti
on
o
f
t
he
in
te
r
r
u
p
ti
on
e
x
pe
r
ie
nc
e
d
.
2.
2.
T
i
m
e
ad
ap
t
ive
f
or
m
ob
il
e
e
-
e
xam
(
T
AM
E
x)
f
r
am
e
wor
k
T
h
e
e
-
E
x
a
m
mec
ha
nis
m
is
ge
ne
r
a
ll
y
s
i
mi
la
r
to
th
e
m
e
c
h
a
n
is
m
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
nic
t
r
a
ns
a
c
ti
on
s
th
r
ou
gh
c
om
pu
te
r
ne
tw
o
r
ks
.
T
h
is
m
e
c
ha
n
is
m
r
e
qu
i
r
e
s
a
n
e
f
f
o
r
t
to
s
e
c
u
r
e
t
r
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
wh
os
e
l
e
ve
l
de
pe
n
ds
on
t
he
l
e
ve
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
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M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
T
A
M
E
x
fr
ame
w
or
k
as
an
alt
e
r
nati
v
e
for
e
-
e
x
am
implem
e
ntat
ion
in
w
ir
e
les
s
ne
tw
or
k
(
L
inaw
ati
)
2307
o
f
c
on
f
id
e
n
ti
a
l
it
y
o
f
t
he
t
r
a
ns
a
c
t
io
ns
ma
de
.
I
n
t
he
e
-
e
xa
m
s
ys
t
e
m
,
a
va
il
a
b
il
it
y
is
a
ls
o
a
v
e
r
y
i
mp
o
r
t
a
n
t
s
e
c
u
r
it
y
f
a
c
t
or
t
o
c
o
ns
ide
r
be
s
ide
s
t
he
u
s
e
r
a
u
t
he
n
t
ica
ti
on
f
a
c
t
o
r
a
n
d
the
in
te
g
r
i
ty
o
f
t
he
qu
e
s
t
io
ns
a
nd
a
ns
w
e
r
s
.
T
h
us
t
he
T
AM
E
x
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
a
b
le
to
s
e
c
u
r
e
th
e
a
va
il
a
b
i
li
ty
o
f
e
-
e
x
a
m
s
e
r
v
ice
t
o
a
l
l
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
.
T
he
T
AM
E
x
f
r
a
mew
or
k
dis
c
us
s
e
d
in
thi
s
s
e
c
ti
on
is
f
ur
ther
de
v
e
loped
f
r
om
the
in
it
ial
m
ode
l
[
27]
.
T
he
im
pr
ove
m
e
nt
is
on
the
mec
ha
nis
m
of
de
ter
mi
ning
e
xtende
d
ti
me
dur
a
ti
on
a
nd
o
f
e
nding
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
s
s
ion
whic
h
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
2
.
T
he
f
r
a
mew
or
k
c
ompens
a
tes
f
o
r
los
t
c
onne
c
ti
on
o
f
a
n
e
xa
mi
ne
e
by
givi
ng
a
ddit
io
na
l
ti
me
a
utom
a
ti
c
a
ll
y.
T
he
a
ddit
ional
ti
me
is
given
in
a
c
c
or
da
nc
e
to
the
dur
a
ti
on
o
f
the
los
t
c
onne
c
ti
on.
He
r
e
is
us
e
d
the
r
e
c
e
ived
s
ignal
s
tr
e
ngth
indi
c
a
ti
on
(
R
S
S
I
)
of
the
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
mi
na
l
to
identif
ied
the
c
onne
c
ti
on
s
t
a
tus
whe
ther
it
is
c
onne
c
ted
or
not.
T
he
T
AM
E
x
mo
de
l
e
-
e
xa
m
f
r
a
mew
or
k
is
divi
de
d
int
o
f
ive
s
tage
s
,
na
mely
pr
e
pa
r
a
ti
on
s
tage
,
r
e
gis
tr
a
ti
on
s
tage
,
e
-
e
xa
m
pr
oc
e
s
s
s
tage
,
e
nding
of
e
-
e
xa
m
s
tage
s
a
nd
noti
f
ica
ti
on
s
tage
.
F
igur
e
2.
T
he
T
AM
E
x
f
r
a
mew
or
k
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Oc
tober
2020:
2304
-
2313
2308
2.
2.
1.
T
h
e
p
r
e
p
ar
at
io
n
s
t
age
T
he
f
r
a
mew
or
k
a
ppli
e
s
the
B
YO
D
mec
ha
nis
m
f
or
the
im
pleme
ntation
of
e
-
e
xa
m.
At
thi
s
s
tage
the
e
xa
mi
ne
e
a
uthentica
tes
their
de
vice
c
onn
e
c
ti
o
ns
on
the
W
L
AN
ne
twor
k.
T
he
n,
a
t
the
de
vice
of
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
mi
na
l
is
ins
talled
the
T
AM
E
x
a
da
pter
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on.
T
his
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
pe
r
f
o
r
ms
a
uthentica
ti
on
c
he
c
k
us
ing
us
e
r
I
d
a
nd
pa
s
s
wor
d.
W
he
n
the
e
xa
mi
na
ti
on
is
a
u
thentica
ted,
the
T
AM
E
x
a
da
pter
a
ls
o
identi
f
ies
the
us
e
r
_id,
ter
mi
na
l_i
d
(
M
AC
a
ddr
e
s
s
a
nd
I
P
a
ddr
e
s
s
)
a
nd
the
r
e
c
e
ived
s
ignal
qua
li
ty
(
R
S
S
I
a
nd
d
a
ta
r
a
te)
.
2.
2.
2.
T
h
e
r
e
gis
t
r
at
ion
s
t
age
I
f
the
us
e
r
is
a
uthentica
ted
a
nd
the
qua
li
ty
of
the
r
e
c
e
ived
s
ignal
i
s
a
de
qua
te
f
or
c
omm
unica
ti
on,
the
ne
xt
s
tep
is
the
r
e
gis
tr
a
ti
on
s
tage
in
the
s
y
s
tem
e
xa
m.
I
n
or
de
r
f
or
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
to
take
e
-
e
xa
ms
in
a
c
c
or
da
nc
e
to
their
topi
c
,
they
ne
e
d
to
ge
t
a
c
ode
or
token
of
the
take
n
e
xa
m.
A
token
is
a
c
ombi
n
a
ti
on
of
number
s
that
ge
n
e
r
a
ted
by
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
ys
tem
a
s
a
c
ode
f
or
a
c
e
r
tain
s
ubjec
t.
T
his
e
xa
m
token
is
de
li
ve
r
e
d
by
the
pr
oc
tor
to
the
e
xa
mi
ne
e
whe
n
the
e
-
e
xa
m
is
r
e
a
dy
to
be
s
tar
ted.
I
f
the
token
e
nter
e
d
int
o
th
e
s
ys
tem
matc
he
s
a
nd
a
uthentica
ted
mea
ns
that
the
e
xa
mi
ne
e
is
r
e
gis
ter
e
d
in
the
e
xa
m
topi
c
.
T
he
n,
the
e
xa
mi
na
ti
on
is
r
e
a
dy
to
be
s
tar
ted
.
T
he
e
xa
m
s
e
r
ve
r
s
tar
ts
to
de
l
iver
f
ir
s
t
que
s
ti
on
to
e
a
c
h
ter
m
inal
us
e
d
by
the
e
xa
mi
ne
e
.
At
the
s
a
me
t
im
e
the
T
AM
E
x
a
da
pter
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
ge
ne
r
a
tes
da
ta
of
the
Us
e
r
_I
d,
T
e
r
mi
na
l_I
d
,
R
S
S
I
,
Da
ta
r
a
te,
c
onne
c
ti
on
s
tatus
a
nd
e
-
e
x
a
m
ti
me
to
be
pe
r
iodi
c
a
ll
y
de
li
ve
r
e
d
a
nd
r
e
c
or
de
d
to
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
ve
r
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
ve
r
will
r
e
c
e
ive
two
kinds
of
da
ta,
i.
e
.
a
ns
we
r
of
e
-
e
xa
m
que
s
ti
on
a
nd
the
da
ta
whic
h
ge
ne
r
a
tes
by
the
T
AM
E
x
Ada
ptor
he
r
e
is
c
a
ll
e
d
T
AM
E
x
Da
ta.
2.
2.
3.
T
h
e
e
xam
i
n
at
ion
s
t
age
T
he
e
xa
mi
na
ti
on
s
tage
is
the
mos
t
c
r
it
ica
l
s
tage
in
the
e
xa
m
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
I
n
thi
s
s
tage
,
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
ys
tem
mus
t
be
a
ble
to
a
nti
c
ipate
f
r
a
udulent,
pr
ov
ides
the
s
tabili
ty
a
nd
s
us
taina
bil
it
y
of
e
-
e
xa
m
inf
or
mation
s
e
r
vice
s
.
As
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
in
F
igu
r
e
2,
whe
n
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
tar
ts
to
de
li
ve
r
the
f
ir
s
t
que
s
ti
on,
it
s
tar
ts
to
c
ount
the
e
xa
m
ti
me.
On
the
other
s
ide,
the
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
mi
na
l
r
e
c
e
ives
the
de
li
ve
r
e
d
que
s
ti
on,
a
nd
it
s
tar
ts
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
the
T
AM
E
x
Da
ta.
T
he
T
AM
E
x
a
da
pter
r
e
c
or
ds
the
R
S
S
I
to
identif
y
the
c
onne
c
ti
on
s
tatus
of
the
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
mi
na
l.
I
f
thos
e
a
r
e
higher
than
the
s
a
tur
a
ti
on
le
ve
l,
the
e
xa
mi
na
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
is
c
onti
nue
d
a
s
us
ua
l
,
but
i
f
it
is
lowe
r
than
the
leve
l,
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
ve
r
will
s
t
op
the
d
e
li
ve
r
y
o
f
que
s
ti
on
to
the
ter
mi
na
l
.
T
he
s
a
tur
a
ti
on
leve
l
is
f
or
the
R
S
S
I
of
20%
[
31]
.
I
n
c
a
s
e
o
f
los
s
c
on
ne
c
t
io
n
e
xp
e
r
ie
nc
e
d
b
y
a
te
r
m
ina
l
,
t
he
e
-
e
x
a
m
t
e
r
m
in
a
l
is
s
to
p
to
r
e
c
e
i
ve
t
he
ne
w
q
ue
s
t
io
n
.
T
he
T
AM
E
x
a
da
pte
r
c
o
nt
in
uo
us
l
y
g
e
n
e
r
a
tes
t
he
T
AM
E
x
D
a
t
a
.
I
t
i
s
s
e
t
in
e
ve
r
y
1
s
e
c
o
nd
.
I
d
e
n
ti
f
ica
t
io
n
o
f
c
on
ne
c
ti
on
s
ta
tus
is
c
o
n
ti
nu
ous
ly
b
a
s
e
d
on
th
e
va
lu
e
o
f
R
S
S
I
.
I
f
t
he
e
-
e
xa
m
te
r
mi
na
l
h
a
s
r
e
c
e
i
ve
d
a
s
ig
na
l
th
a
t
m
e
e
ts
the
lev
e
l
,
t
he
e
-
e
xa
m
te
r
mi
na
l
is
a
u
to
ma
t
ica
ll
y
c
o
nne
c
t
e
d
t
o
th
e
e
-
e
x
a
m
s
e
r
ve
r
a
nd
t
he
e
x
a
m
in
a
t
io
n
p
r
oc
e
s
s
c
o
nt
i
nue
s
a
u
to
ma
t
ica
ll
y
a
s
we
l
l
.
T
he
n
t
he
T
AM
E
x
a
da
pte
r
c
a
lcu
la
tes
th
e
d
ur
a
ti
on
o
f
t
he
c
o
nne
c
t
io
n
l
os
s
a
nd
s
e
n
ds
i
t
t
o
t
he
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
v
e
r
t
o
a
d
j
us
t
the
e
x
a
m
ti
me
f
o
r
e
xa
m
ine
e
s
t
ha
t
e
xp
e
r
i
e
nc
e
t
he
c
on
ne
c
ti
on
i
n
te
r
r
u
pt
io
n
.
S
o
t
he
l
os
t
c
on
ne
c
t
ion
d
u
r
a
ti
on
is
c
a
lc
ul
a
t
e
d
a
t
the
t
e
r
m
in
a
l
.
T
he
t
e
r
mi
na
l
wi
l
l
r
e
q
ue
s
t
e
x
ten
de
d
t
im
e
.
T
h
e
n
the
e
-
e
x
a
m
s
e
r
ve
r
ve
r
i
f
i
e
s
the
t
im
e
r
e
q
ue
s
t
a
n
d
a
dj
us
ts
t
he
e
-
e
xa
m
t
i
me
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
ther
e
a
r
e
two
mec
ha
nis
ms
f
or
c
a
lcula
ti
ng
the
los
s
c
onne
c
ti
on
dur
a
ti
on,
na
mely
the
c
a
lcula
ti
on
a
t
the
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
m
inal
a
nd
the
c
a
lcula
ti
on
a
t
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
ve
r
.
At
the
e
-
e
xa
m
t
e
r
mi
na
l,
c
onne
c
ti
on
los
s
dur
a
ti
on
is
c
a
lcula
ted
ba
s
e
d
on
th
e
dur
a
ti
on
of
the
R
S
S
I
da
ta
r
e
c
or
de
d
whic
h
a
r
e
lo
we
r
than
20%
.
On
the
other
s
ide,
a
t
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
ve
r
,
it
i
s
c
a
lcula
ted
ba
s
e
d
on
the
dur
a
ti
on
o
f
a
r
r
ival
ti
me
be
twe
e
n
TA
M
E
x
da
ta.
T
he
c
a
lcula
ti
on
mec
ha
nis
m
in
the
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
mi
na
l
is
s
hown
in
the
f
oll
owing
ps
e
udoc
ode
.
TAMEx Addaptor Application
show login
login <
-
get login data
send to server
if login == true
show dashboard application
while (1)
read data wlan
network interfaces from netsh
get data from netsh
signal <
-
convert to int (get signal)
while signal < 20
send notification
count loss duration
if signal > 20
send data to server
test <
-
get data test
if test == ‘over’
exit application
else
exit app
lication
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
T
A
M
E
x
fr
ame
w
or
k
as
an
alt
e
r
nati
v
e
for
e
-
e
x
am
implem
e
ntat
ion
in
w
ir
e
les
s
ne
tw
or
k
(
L
inaw
ati
)
2309
Sta
rt
Def
ine
:
T
q
;
T
l
;
Δ
T
;
Δ
T
r
(i)
;
T
r
(i)
;
N;
T
l
T
ot
Identificati
on
of
Loss
If
T
r
(i)
-
T
r
(i+
1)
=
Δ
T
Co
nn
e
c
te
d
Els
e
Co
nn
e
c
tion
Lo
ss
Loss
Connec
tion?
Continue
Examinati
on
process
until
end
Co
unt
ing
dur
a
tio
n
of
Los
s
time
While
(Loss)
T
l
=
N
*Δ
T
end
Count
Tota
l
Time
of
Loss
Co
nne
ctio
n
:
T
l
T
ot
=
T
l
T
l
T
ot
<
0.
5*Tq
0.
5*T
q
T
l
T
ot
<
15
*T
q
T
l
T
ot
15*Tq
Exam
Process
:
•
Continue
the
exam
•
Still
with
the
Que
st
ion
•
Ad
din
g
the
Tim
e
•
Exam
continue
until
the
time
is
up
the
user
stop
it
Exam
Process
:
•
Continue
the
exam
•
Change
with
the
new
Question
•
Ad
din
g
the
Tim
e
•
Exam
Continue
until
the
time
is
up
or
the
user
stop
it
Exam
Process
:
•
Exam
is
Stopped
•
Consult
to
the
Proc
tor/exa
m
Admin
for
the
ma
ke
-
up
e
xam
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
F
igur
e
3.
T
h
r
e
e
s
c
e
na
r
ios
whe
n
the
los
t
c
onne
c
ti
on
oc
c
ur
r
e
d
On
the
other
s
ide,
mec
ha
nis
m
f
or
c
a
lcula
ti
ng
the
d
ur
a
ti
on
of
a
c
onne
c
ti
on
los
s
is
s
hown
in
F
igur
e
3
.
De
f
ini
ti
on
of
va
r
iable
f
or
c
a
lcula
ti
ng
the
ti
me
of
l
os
s
c
onne
c
ti
on
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
in
T
a
ble
1.
F
r
om
the
F
igur
e
3
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
that
the
c
a
lcula
ti
on
of
ti
me
los
s
(T
l
)
is
ba
s
e
d
on
th
e
T
AM
E
x
da
ta
whic
h
is
ge
ne
r
a
ted
a
nd
s
e
nt
by
the
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
mi
na
l
to
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
ve
r
pe
r
iod
ica
ll
y
with
the
pe
r
iod
of
ΔT
.
I
f
the
ti
me
du
r
a
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
T
r
(
i)
a
nd
T
r
(
i
+
1
)
is
ΔT
,
thi
s
c
ondit
ion
is
identif
ied
a
s
a
nor
mal
c
ondit
ion
o
r
ther
e
is
no
c
onne
c
ti
on
los
s
.
C
onne
c
ti
on
los
s
is
identif
ied
if
the
dur
a
ti
on
is
gr
e
a
ter
than
ΔT
.
T
a
ble
1.
De
f
ini
ti
on
us
e
d
in
c
a
lcula
ti
on
o
f
los
t
c
onn
e
c
ti
on
ti
me
N
o.
N
ot
a
ti
on
D
e
f
in
it
io
n
1
T
q
Q
ue
s
ti
on
T
im
e
is
th
e
A
v
e
r
a
ge
of
e
xpe
c
te
d
ti
me
f
or
us
e
r
to
a
ns
w
e
r
one
que
s
ti
on
in
th
e
e
xa
m. T
q
=
A
ll
oc
a
ti
on t
im
e
f
or
t
he
e
xa
m di
vi
de
d by the
numbe
r
of
que
s
ti
ons
2
T
l
T
im
e
L
os
s
(
T
l
=
Δ
T
r
* Δ
T
)
3
ΔT
P
e
r
io
di
c
T
im
e
f
or
ge
ne
r
a
ti
ng a
nd s
e
ndi
ng T
A
M
E
x da
ta
by e
-
e
x
a
m t
e
r
mi
na
l
4
ΔT
r
(
i)
T
im
e
de
vi
a
ti
on of
r
e
c
e
iv
e
d
T
A
M
E
x da
ta
by S
e
r
ve
r
(
Δ
T
r
=
T
r
(
i+
1)
-
T
r
(
i)
5
T
r
(
i)
T
im
e
w
he
n s
e
r
ve
r
r
e
c
e
iv
e
t
he
i
th
of
T
A
M
E
x da
ta
6
N
N
umbe
r
of
e
xpe
c
te
d r
ow
s
of
da
ta
be
twe
e
n
T
r
(
i)
a
nd T
r
(
i+
1)
7
T
lT
o
t
T
ot
a
l
dur
a
ti
on of
l
os
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Oc
tober
2020:
2304
-
2313
2310
F
ur
ther
mor
e
,
the
dur
a
ti
on
o
f
a
n
e
ve
n
of
los
t
c
onn
e
c
ti
on
is
c
a
lcula
ted
a
s
f
oll
ows
.
I
n
the
c
ondit
ion
of
c
onne
c
ti
on
los
s
,
the
ΔT
r
is
higher
than
Δ
T
.
At
the
ti
me
of
Δ
T
r
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
ve
r
e
xpe
c
ted
to
r
e
c
e
ive
a
c
e
r
tain
a
mount
of
N
r
ows
of
da
ta.
Due
to
the
c
onne
c
ti
on
los
s
,
the
e
xpe
c
ted
r
ows
o
f
da
ta
a
r
e
ne
ve
r
be
e
n
r
e
c
e
ived.
S
o,
the
t
im
e
dur
a
ti
on
of
c
onne
c
ti
on
los
s
is
obtaine
d
by
mul
ti
plyi
ng
N
with
ΔT
.
He
nc
e
,
T
l
=
N*
ΔT
.
Fo
r
e
xa
mpl
e
,
if
ΔT
is
one
s
e
c
ond
a
nd
the
numbe
r
s
of
e
xpe
c
ted
r
e
que
s
ts
a
r
e
10
r
ows
,
then
the
du
r
a
ti
on
of
c
onne
c
ti
on
los
s
is
c
ounted
f
or
10
s
e
c
onds
.
He
nc
e
t
he
e
xa
m
s
e
r
ve
r
c
a
lcula
tes
the
tot
a
l
dur
a
ti
on
o
f
t
im
e
los
s
by
s
umm
ing
a
ll
of
the
ti
me
los
s
.
S
o
,
the
T
l
T
o
t
=
∑
T
l
.
2.
2.
5.
T
h
e
n
o
t
if
icat
ion
s
t
age
At
the
noti
f
ica
ti
on
s
tage
,
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
ys
tem
pr
ovides
noti
f
ica
ti
on
to
the
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
two
kinds
of
noti
f
ica
ti
on
de
li
ve
r
e
d
,
i.
e
a
noti
f
ica
ti
on
d
ur
ing
the
e
xa
mi
na
ti
on
s
tage
a
nd
a
noti
f
ica
ti
on
a
f
te
r
the
e
nd
of
e
-
e
xa
m
s
tage
.
T
he
T
AM
E
x
model
pr
ovides
noti
f
ica
ti
ons
f
or
e
a
c
h
e
xa
mi
ne
e
a
bout
their
r
e
maining
ti
me
f
or
doing
their
e
xa
m.
T
he
model
c
onti
nuous
ly
upda
tes
the
r
e
maining
ti
me
a
nd
inf
or
m
s
it
to
e
a
c
h
e
xa
mi
ne
e
.
T
his
model
a
ls
o
pr
ovides
e
xa
m
s
c
or
e
noti
f
ica
ti
on
a
f
t
e
r
the
e
nd
o
f
e
-
e
xa
m
s
tage
.
W
he
n
a
n
e
xa
mi
ne
e
s
ubmi
tt
e
d
a
nd
f
ini
s
he
d
their
e
xa
m,
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
ys
tem
s
e
nds
t
he
s
c
or
e
a
c
hieve
ment
to
the
e
xa
mi
ne
e
.
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
YSI
S
3.
1.
E
valu
a
t
ion
r
e
s
u
l
t
T
he
T
AM
E
x
ha
s
be
e
n
tes
ted
by
a
number
of
12
c
li
e
nts
.
All
c
li
e
nts
s
im
ult
a
ne
ous
ly
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
-
e
xa
m
s
ys
tem
thr
ough
W
L
AN
us
ing
the
s
a
me
W
iF
i
a
c
c
e
s
s
p
oint
.
T
he
T
AM
E
x
a
da
pter
wa
s
s
e
t
with
the
pe
r
iod
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
a
nd
s
e
nd
the
T
AM
E
x
da
ta
to
the
s
e
r
ve
r
(
Δ
T
)
in
1
s
e
c
ond.
T
a
ble
2
is
pa
r
t
o
f
the
da
ta
f
r
o
m
one
of
the
c
li
e
nts
dur
ing
the
tes
ti
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
a
ble
2
s
hows
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
to
c
a
lcula
te
a
ddit
ional
ti
me
w
he
n
los
t
c
onne
c
ti
on
wa
s
oc
c
ur
r
e
d.
As
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
f
r
om
th
e
T
a
ble
2
,
c
olum
n
1
is
the
ti
me
whe
n
the
s
e
r
ve
r
r
e
c
e
ives
T
AM
E
x
da
ta
wh
ich
wa
s
s
e
nt
by
the
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
mi
na
l.
F
ur
ther
mo
r
e
,
in
or
de
r
to
c
a
lcula
te
du
r
a
ti
o
n
be
twe
e
n
the
r
e
c
e
ived
da
ta
a
nd
the
ne
xt
r
e
c
e
ived
da
ta,
the
r
e
c
or
de
d
ti
me
whic
h
s
hows
in
c
olum
n
2
is
f
ir
s
tl
y
c
onve
r
ted
int
o
unit
s
of
s
e
c
onds
.
T
he
r
e
s
ult
s
of
the
c
onve
r
s
ion
a
r
e
s
hown
in
c
olum
n
3
.
T
he
n,
ti
me
du
r
a
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
the
r
e
c
e
ived
da
ta
is
c
a
lcula
ted
by
c
ompar
ing
the
ti
me
of
r
e
c
e
ived
da
ta
with
the
ti
me
of
the
ne
xt
r
e
c
e
ived
da
ta
.
T
he
de
vi
a
ti
on
of
the
ti
me
of
r
e
c
e
ived
da
ta
is
dur
a
t
ion
o
f
r
e
c
e
ived
da
ta.
T
he
de
viation
of
ti
me
b
e
twe
e
n
the
ti
me
of
r
e
c
e
ived
da
ta
a
nd
the
ti
me
of
the
ne
xt
r
e
c
e
ived
da
ta
is
s
hown
in
c
olum
n
4.
T
he
c
ompens
a
ti
on
of
a
ddit
ional
ti
me
is
c
a
lcula
te
d
ba
s
e
d
on
the
dur
a
ti
on
of
e
a
c
h
r
e
c
e
ived
da
ta.
C
a
lcula
ti
on
is
done
by
s
ubtr
a
c
ti
ng
the
va
lue
of
dur
a
ti
on
of
r
e
c
e
ive
d
da
ta
with
the
p
r
e
vious
one
.
I
f
the
va
lue
is
les
s
than
1
the
va
lue
of
T
im
e
los
s
is
0.
I
t
mea
ns
that
ther
e
wa
s
no
los
s
c
onne
c
ti
on
or
the
c
li
e
nt
is
c
onne
c
ted.
E
ls
e
,
the
dur
a
ti
on
of
los
s
c
onne
c
ti
on
is
r
e
c
or
de
d
a
nd
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
ys
tem
pr
ovide
the
a
ddit
ional
ti
m
e
in
a
c
c
or
da
nc
e
to
the
dur
a
ti
on
of
los
s
.
T
he
r
e
s
ult
of
a
ddit
ional
ti
me
given
is
s
hown
in
c
olu
mn
5
.
T
a
ble
2.
M
e
c
ha
nis
m
of
c
ounti
ng
ti
me
los
s
in
T
AM
E
x
model
N
o.
R
e
c
or
de
d T
im
e
of
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d da
t
a
R
e
c
or
de
d T
im
e
of
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d da
t
a
(
T
r
(
i)
)
(
S
e
c
onds
)
D
ur
a
ti
on of
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d da
ta
(
ΔT
r
(
i)
)
(
S
e
c
onds
)
T
im
e
L
os
s
(
T
l
)
(
S
e
c
onds
)
1
2
3
4
5
1
11:
46:
25:
921454
42385.92145
1.737351
0
2
11:
46:
27:
580016
42387.58002
1.658562
0
3
11:
46:
29:
418096
42389.4181
1.838080
0
4
11:
46:
31:
042749
42391.04275
1.624653
0
5
11:
46:
32:
759157
42392.75916
1.716408
0
6
11:
46:
35:
336260
42395.33626
2.577103
1
7
11:
46:
39:
819265
42399.81927
4.483005
2
8
11:
46:
43:
515375
42403.51538
3.696110
0
9
11:
46:
46:
676943
42406.67694
3.161568
0
10
11:
47:
08:
297067
42428.29707
21.620124
18
11
11:
47:
44:
435290
42464.43529
36.138223
15
12
11:
47:
47:
853118
42467.85312
3.417828
0
13
11:
47:
50:
866084
42470.86608
3.012966
0
14
11:
47:
52:
772953
42472.77295
1.906869
0
15
11:
47:
55:
695134
42475.69513
2.922181
1
16
11:
47:
57:
742656
42477.74266
2.047522
0
17
11:
48:
00:
351674
42480.35167
2.609018
1
18
11:
48:
04:
502568
42484.50257
4.150894
2
19
11:
50:
06:
672988
42606.67299
122.170420
118
20
11:
50:
08:
229838
42608.22984
1.556850
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
T
A
M
E
x
fr
ame
w
or
k
as
an
alt
e
r
nati
v
e
for
e
-
e
x
am
implem
e
ntat
ion
in
w
ir
e
les
s
ne
tw
or
k
(
L
inaw
ati
)
2311
T
a
ble
3
s
hows
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
be
twe
e
n
the
a
ddi
ti
on
of
ti
me
r
e
que
s
ted
by
the
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
mi
na
l
a
nd
the
a
ddit
ion
o
f
t
im
e
va
li
da
ted
by
the
s
e
r
ve
r
.
T
he
r
e
is
a
tende
nc
y
that
the
a
ddit
ional
ti
me
c
onf
i
gur
e
d
by
the
s
e
r
ve
r
is
higher
than
the
a
ddit
ional
ti
me
r
e
qu
e
s
te
d
by
the
e
-
e
x
a
m
ter
mi
na
l.
T
his
tends
to
be
c
a
us
e
d
by
the
c
omput
a
ti
on
a
nd
de
lay
pr
oc
e
s
s
that
oc
c
ur
s
in
the
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
s
e
nding
da
ta
f
r
om
the
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
mi
na
l
to
the
e
-
e
xa
m
s
e
r
ve
r
.
T
a
ble
3.
Additi
ona
l
t
im
e
r
e
que
s
ted
by
te
r
mi
na
l
a
nd
ve
r
if
ied
by
s
e
r
ve
r
No
U
s
e
r
A
ddi
ti
ona
l
ti
me
r
e
que
s
te
d
by t
e
r
mi
na
l
(
S
e
c
onds
)
A
ddi
ti
ona
l
ti
me
ve
r
if
ie
d
by S
e
r
ve
r
(
S
e
c
onds
)
D
e
vi
a
ti
on (
S
e
c
onds
)
1
E
xa
mi
ne
e
1
101
127
26
2
E
xa
mi
ne
e
2
111
132
21
3
E
xa
mi
ne
e
3
238
259
21
4
E
xa
mi
ne
e
4
343
354
11
5
E
xa
mi
ne
e
5
132
134
1
6
E
xa
mi
ne
e
6
186
200
14
7
E
xa
mi
ne
e
7
220
228
8
8
E
xa
mi
ne
e
8
238
257
19
9
E
xa
mi
ne
e
9
168
178
9
10
E
xa
mi
ne
e
10
16
22
6
11
E
xa
mi
ne
e
11
129
144
14
12
E
xa
mi
ne
e
12
260
264
5
3.
2.
Dis
c
u
s
s
ion
T
A
M
E
x
F
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
b
l
e
t
o
s
t
r
i
v
e
t
o
s
e
c
u
r
e
t
h
e
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
-
e
x
a
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
w
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
.
B
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
i
m
e
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
a
l
l
y
a
s
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
c
c
u
r
r
e
n
c
e
o
f
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
d
i
s
r
u
p
t
i
o
n
s
t
h
a
t
m
a
y
b
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
d
b
y
e
a
c
h
e
x
a
m
in
e
e
i
s
a
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
T
h
e
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
i
m
e
f
o
r
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
g
e
-
e
x
a
m
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
e
-
e
x
a
m
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
e
t
e
n
d
s
n
o
t
t
o
b
e
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
,
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o
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[
3
2
]
.
A
s
a
n
e
x
a
m
p
l
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h
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e
w
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t
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g
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h
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0
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h
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h
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m
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o
f
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m
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t
a
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x
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r
a
m
e
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o
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k
.
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h
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f
o
r
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,
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f
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a
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1
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t
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f
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r
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n
s
w
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t
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o
n
,
t
h
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a
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m
a
t
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c
a
l
l
y
.
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h
u
s
t
h
e
e
x
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m
u
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o
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t
a
k
e
t
h
e
e
x
a
m
.
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
AN
D
F
UT
UR
E
WORK
S
4.
1.
Co
n
c
lu
s
ion
An
im
pr
ove
ment
o
f
the
T
AM
E
x
F
r
a
mew
or
k
ha
s
be
e
n
a
c
c
ompl
is
he
d
a
s
a
n
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
to
im
p
leme
nt
a
da
ptable
,
r
e
li
a
ble
a
nd
a
c
c
ountable
e
-
e
xa
m
in
wir
e
les
s
e
nvir
onment
with
B
YO
D
mec
ha
nis
m.
T
h
is
is
a
pr
omi
s
ing
s
olut
ion
f
o
r
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
ins
ti
tut
ions
t
o
r
e
s
olve
li
mi
tations
of
I
C
T
inf
r
a
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
,
a
s
pe
c
ial
r
oom
f
or
e
-
e
xa
m
a
nd
the
ter
mi
na
ls
.
B
y
a
pplyi
ng
the
T
AM
E
x
f
r
a
mew
or
k
,
the
T
AM
E
x
a
da
pter
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
wa
s
de
ve
loped
to
c
a
ptur
e
a
nd
pr
oc
e
s
s
T
AM
E
x
da
ta
.
One
of
T
AM
E
x
da
ta
is
the
R
S
S
I
leve
l.
W
he
n
the
R
S
S
I
leve
l
is
be
low
than
20%
,
then
us
e
r
ter
mi
na
l
is
identif
ied
not
c
onne
c
ted.
T
he
us
e
r
is
then
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ull
y
ha
ving
a
n
e
xtende
d
ti
me
to
c
onti
nue
the
e
xa
m
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
he
e
xtende
d
ti
me
is
va
r
ies
whic
h
de
p
e
nds
on
the
r
e
c
e
ived
s
ignal
qua
li
ty
or
the
R
S
S
I
leve
l
a
t
the
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
mi
na
l.
T
hus
,
the
R
S
S
I
leve
l
a
s
the
ma
in
indi
c
a
tor
of
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Oc
tober
2020:
2304
-
2313
2312
the
c
onne
c
ti
on
s
tatus
of
the
e
-
e
xa
m
ter
mi
na
l
is
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
.
As
a
r
e
s
ult
,
the
T
AM
E
x
f
r
a
mew
or
k
c
a
n
g
ua
r
a
ntee
a
va
il
a
bil
it
y
a
nd
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
of
e
-
e
xa
m
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
4.
2.
F
u
t
u
r
e
Wor
k
s
F
uther
inves
ti
ga
ti
ons
a
r
e
c
ons
ider
e
d
f
o
r
ne
xt
p
r
oje
c
t
to
im
p
r
ove
the
T
AM
E
x
f
r
a
mew
or
k
a
nd
e
-
e
xa
m
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
F
ir
s
tl
y
is
to
c
a
ptur
e
mor
e
da
ta
of
the
R
S
S
I
leve
l
f
or
the
long
pe
r
iod
to
s
e
t
the
be
s
t
R
S
S
I
s
a
tur
a
ti
on
leve
l.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
the
model
of
r
e
lations
hip
be
twe
e
n
va
r
ious
leve
l
of
the
R
S
S
I
with
T
AM
E
x
r
e
s
pons
e
will
be
inves
ti
ga
ted
a
s
in
[
23]
.
T
hir
d
ly,
it
is
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
s
tudy
the
us
a
ge
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AM
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k
f
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r
va
r
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ous
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ons
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m.
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inally
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s
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the
M
a
in
Opinion
S
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a
n
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ur
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on
type
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s
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number
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mi
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s
.
AC
KNOWL
E
DGE
M
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NT
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T
his
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e
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r
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s
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r
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omm
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a
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e
s
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r
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h
pe
r
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RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[
1
]
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.
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n
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5
.
[
2
]
R
.
J
.
W
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d
o
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o
,
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l
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.
[
3
]
M
.
A
l
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d
S.
J
.
A
b
o
u
d
,
“
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s
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em
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n
t
.
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m
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.
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,
v
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A
p
r
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l
2017
.
[
4
]
B
.
K
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er
s
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.
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h
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e
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er,
“
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p
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7
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2
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.
[
5
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.
H
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er
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.
[
6
]
R
.
Fe
r
d
i
a
n
a
a
n
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O
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H
o
s
e
a
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n
t
.
J.
A
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.
[
7
]
T
.
K
.
Se
o
w
,
S
.
K
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t
,
a
n
d
A
.
S
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g
,
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:
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y
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o
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3
.
[
8
]
M
.
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l
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e
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d
A
.
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l
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c
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,
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,
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p
.
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6
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3
.
[
9
]
J
.
C
a
s
t
e
l
l
à
-
R
o
c
a,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
s
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e
e
-
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x
am
m
a
n
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g
em
e
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s
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m,
”
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r
o
c.
-
F
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r
s
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n
t
.
C
o
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f
.
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v
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1
0
]
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.
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u
s
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t
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A
.
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e
t
h
o
,
“
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s
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x
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m
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em
,
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u
b
l
.
M
a
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,
v
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l
.
4
,
n
o
.
7
7
,
p
p
.
2
9
9
–
3
1
2
,
J
a
n
u
ar
y
2
0
1
0
.
[
1
1
]
R
.
G
i
u
s
t
o
l
i
s
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
W
h
a
t
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
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e
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t
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m
s
?
,
”
2
0
1
3
I
n
t
.
C
o
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f
.
R
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s
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s
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.
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n
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.
C
r
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s
.
2
0
1
3
,
A
p
r
i
l
2
0
1
3
.
[
1
2
]
B
.
S
.
N
.
Pe
n
d
i
d
i
k
a
n
,
“P
e
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ar
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ad
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Pe
n
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i
d
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k
a
n
"
,
2
0
1
8
.
[
1
3
]
N
.
C
h
i
ra
n
j
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
n
o
v
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l
a
p
p
r
o
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o
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n
ce
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r
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f
o
r
o
n
l
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x
a
m
s
,
”
I
n
t
.
J.
C
o
m
p
u
t
.
S
c
i
.
Te
c
h
n
o
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g
y
,
v
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l
.
2
,
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o
.
3
,
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p
.
8
4
-
8
9
,
S
e
p
t
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
1
.
[
1
4
]
M
.
O
n
y
e
s
o
l
u
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
E
n
h
a
n
c
i
n
g
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u
r
i
t
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rew
a
l
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s
y
s
t
e
m
,
”
I
n
t
.
J.
E
m
e
r
g
.
Te
c
h
n
o
l
.
A
d
v.
E
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
3
,
n
o
.
9
,
Se
p
t
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
3
.
[
1
5
]
Y
.
L
e
v
y
a
n
d
M.
M.
R
am
i
m,
“
A
t
h
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am
s
,
”
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h
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i
s
C
o
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f
.
I
n
s
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.
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.
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.
,
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l
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,
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p
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9
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-
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0
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,
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a
n
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ar
y
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0
0
7
.
[
1
6
]
Y
.
Sa
b
b
a
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“S
y
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c
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:
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c
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,
”
2
0
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2
6
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h
I
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t
.
C
o
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f
.
S
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.
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,
p
p
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1
3
9
-
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4
5
,
M
ar
c
h
2
0
1
2
.
[
1
7
]
J
.
W
.
G
a
t
h
u
r
i
a
n
d
S.
K
am
u
n
d
i
,
“
Im
p
er
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"
,
J
.
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f
.
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g
.
A
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.
,
v
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.
4
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.
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.
6
0
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,
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1
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.
[
1
8
]
J
.
D
r
e
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e
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
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s
,
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o
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.
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.
I
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f
.
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,
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.
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5
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,
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2
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3
1
8
,
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m
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2
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1
5
.
[
1
9
]
G
.
H
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