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s A
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1
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w
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out
put
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pa
nel
s
of
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ol
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i
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w
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t
h s
ol
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r
r
adi
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and t
em
per
at
ur
e,
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h
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c
h af
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ec
t
i
t
s
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f
i
c
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enc
y
.
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her
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w
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s
t
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nc
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eas
e t
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f
i
c
i
enc
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s
ol
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s
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s
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s
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ax
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ab
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po
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f
r
om
t
he pane
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s
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lls
[
1,
2]
an
d
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t
s
a
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d
t
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hno
l
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of
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h
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h
i
s
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n
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[
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.
B
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s
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por
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n t
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s
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phas
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(
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4
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t
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a
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l
o
w
s
t
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m
at
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on of
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I
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S
by
s
o
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t
i
n
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o ac
h
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v
e
hi
gh
ef
f
i
c
i
enc
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of
s
ol
ar
c
el
l
s
;
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o
w
e
v
er
,
m
os
t
r
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ear
c
her
s
and s
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ar
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el
l
i
nd
us
t
r
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ar
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n
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I
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S
,
b
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uc
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t
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f
or
t
i
n
s
i
ngl
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-
ph
as
e
C
I
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f
or
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r
ai
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k
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of
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f
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a
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ar
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a
i
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s
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z
e i
s
pr
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er
r
ed f
or
s
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ar
c
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l
ap
pl
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c
at
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on
[6
].
A
t 5
0
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x
S
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as
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-
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qu
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d ph
as
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n C
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h
c
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gh
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ub
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l
i
t
y
of
I
n
and
G
a
f
or
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hi
gh
di
f
f
us
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on
[
7
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.
T
he
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x
S
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s
egr
egat
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at
t
he s
ur
f
ac
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ai
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dar
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es
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es
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l
ux
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gent
dur
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he gr
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w
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s
and hel
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m
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on of
l
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ge a
nd c
om
pac
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p
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k
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ai
ns
[
8]
.
T
hus
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under
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c
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a
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ns
[9
].
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c
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nc
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d
dec
r
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s
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c
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ha
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b
ee
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at
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gr
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s
[
12]
.
Mos
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ear
c
h d
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ed a
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def
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e
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[
4]
,
[
11
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13]
.
U
nf
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w
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nd
s
el
en
i
z
at
i
on
w
i
t
h t
hi
n f
i
l
m
c
o
m
pos
i
t
i
o
n 1.
2
-
0.
8 of
C
u/
I
I
I
A
or
1
7
-
2
3
%
o
f
C
u
/[
C
IA
S
] [1
4
]. B
y
th
i
s
r
es
ear
c
h,
w
e
w
o
ul
d c
on
t
i
nue
t
he
pr
e
v
i
ous
r
es
e
ar
c
h t
o
f
i
nd
t
he
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
c
o
n
di
t
i
on
i
n t
h
e
c
o
m
p
o
s
it
io
n
of
C
u
-
def
i
c
i
e
nt
of
C
I
A
S
at
t
he
l
eas
t
C
u
c
om
pos
i
t
i
on
of
pr
ev
i
ous
C
I
A
S
t
hi
n
f
i
l
m
.
W
e
pr
epar
e
d 2
C
I
A
S
t
h
i
n
f
i
l
m
s
w
i
t
h
C
u
c
om
pos
i
t
i
on
~
17%
of
C
u/
[
C
I
A
S
]
a
nd
ana
l
y
z
e
d
t
he
pr
oper
t
i
es
.
T
he pr
ec
ur
s
or
s
w
er
e
t
a
i
l
or
ed us
i
ng
P
LD
s
y
s
t
em
w
i
t
h
a c
er
t
ai
n
s
t
ac
k
i
ng or
der
of
l
a
y
er
-
by
-
l
a
ye
r
el
em
ent
al
f
i
l
m
depos
i
t
i
on.
T
he
y
w
er
e t
h
en s
el
eni
z
e
d
v
i
a a s
ol
i
d s
t
at
e r
eac
t
i
on
t
o f
or
m
C
I
A
S
phas
es
us
i
ng
di
f
f
er
ent
he
at
t
r
eat
m
ent
s
t
eps
.
2.
R
e
sea
r
ch
M
et
h
o
d
2.
1.
P
u
l
s
e
d
L
a
s
e
r
D
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
o
n
(P
L
D
)
T
he pr
ec
ur
s
or
s
w
er
e pr
ep
ar
ed us
i
n
g t
hr
ee b
ul
k
s
our
c
e t
ar
get
s
:
4 N
C
u,
4 N
A
l
,
and
m
i
x
ed I
n
-
S
e (
30
at
%
of
I
n/
[
I
n+
S
e]
)
.
T
he s
u
bs
t
r
at
es
w
e
r
e
1
.
3 c
m
×
1.
2
c
m
×
0.
1 c
m
gl
as
s
es
t
hat
w
er
e
s
eq
uent
i
a
l
l
y
c
l
ean
ed w
i
t
h ac
et
o
ne,
et
h
ano
l
,
de
-
i
oni
z
e
d w
a
t
er
,
a
nd et
h
ano
l
i
n a
B
r
ans
on
2510
u
l
t
r
as
on
i
c
c
l
ean
er
(
40
k
H
z)
.
T
he
pr
ec
ur
s
or
f
i
l
m
s
w
er
e
dep
os
i
t
e
d
us
i
ng
t
h
e
P
LD
t
ec
hni
que
.
T
he
l
as
er
s
our
c
e
w
as
a
n
A
r
F
E
x
c
i
m
er
(
λ
=
193
nm
)
,
t
he
di
s
t
anc
e
bet
w
ee
n
t
ar
ge
t
s
and
s
ubs
t
r
at
es
w
as
5
0 m
m
,
t
h
e l
as
er
p
ul
s
e
de
l
a
y
w
as
3
08 µ
s
,
t
h
e
w
or
k
i
ng pr
es
s
u
r
e i
n t
he
P
LD
c
ham
ber
w
as
3.
7 ×
1
0
-
6
T
or
r
,
and
t
he
pr
oc
es
s
w
as
r
un at
r
oom
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e.
T
he pr
ec
ur
s
o
r
c
o
m
pos
i
t
i
o
na
l
r
at
i
o
w
as
c
o
nt
r
ol
l
ed b
y
adj
us
t
i
ng t
he d
epos
i
t
i
o
n t
i
m
e i
nt
er
v
a
l
,
an
dt
he pr
ec
ur
s
or
c
o
m
pos
i
t
i
o
n of
t
he t
w
o
pr
e
c
ur
s
or
s
w
as
des
i
g
ned
t
o b
e t
he s
am
e us
i
ng t
h
e s
am
e par
am
et
er
s
.
T
he
s
t
ac
k
i
ng or
der
of
t
he e
l
em
ent
al
f
i
l
m
depos
i
t
i
on
c
an
be s
ee
n i
n F
i
gur
e
1.
F
i
gur
e 1.
E
l
em
ent
a
l
S
t
ac
k
i
ng O
r
der
o
f
t
he
P
r
ec
ur
s
or
s
F
i
gur
e
2.
T
he H
e
at
T
r
eat
m
ent
S
t
eps
i
n t
he
S
el
en
i
z
at
i
on P
r
oc
es
s
2.
2.
S
el
en
i
z
at
i
o
n
T
he
s
el
eni
z
at
i
on
(
F
i
gur
e
2)
w
as
r
un
at
at
m
os
pher
i
c
pr
es
s
ur
e
us
i
ng
an
A
r
gas
f
l
ow
a
nd
1.
25
g of
S
e
c
hi
ps
w
as
ad
d
ed t
o
t
he
f
ur
nac
e t
u
be.
T
he as
-
s
el
en
i
z
ed f
i
l
m
opt
i
c
al
pr
o
per
t
i
es
w
er
e
i
n
v
es
t
i
gat
e
d us
i
ng
an
u
l
t
r
a
v
i
ol
e
t
-
v
i
s
ib
le
lig
h
t
-
ne
ar
-
i
nf
r
ar
ed C
ar
y
5
00
s
pec
t
r
ophot
om
et
er
.
T
h
e
ph
as
es
w
er
e i
d
ent
i
f
i
ed us
i
n
g P
A
N
al
y
t
i
c
al
X
-
r
a
y
di
f
f
r
ac
t
i
on (
X
R
D
)
.
Cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
t
i
on i
m
ages
an
d f
i
l
m
t
hi
c
k
nes
s
es
w
er
e
t
ak
en
an
d as
s
es
s
ed
us
i
ng s
c
an
ni
n
g e
l
ec
t
r
on m
i
c
r
os
c
op
y
(
S
E
M)
.
H
O
R
I
B
A
el
ec
t
r
on
di
s
p
er
s
i
v
e x
-
r
a
y
s
pec
t
r
os
c
op
y
(
E
D
X
)
w
as
us
ed t
o det
er
m
i
ne t
he f
i
l
m
c
o
m
pos
i
t
i
on.
T
he
f
i
l
m
r
es
i
s
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
m
obi
l
i
t
y
,
an
d c
ar
r
i
er
c
onc
ent
r
at
i
on
w
er
e m
eas
ur
ed us
i
ng t
he
E
C
O
P
I
A
H
M
S
-
3000 H
al
l
ef
f
ec
t
m
eas
ur
em
ent
s
y
s
t
em
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
I
S
S
N
:
1
693
-
6
930
C
r
it
ic
a
l C
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
in
C
u
I
n
A
l
S
e
2
S
o
l
ar
C
e
l
l
A
bs
or
ber
s
(
S
uj
ar
w
at
a
)
869
3.
R
e
su
l
t
s
a
n
d
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
3
.
1
.
M
o
r
p
h
o
l
o
g
y
Al
-
d
ope
d
C
u
c
an
ar
r
es
t
C
u
ox
i
d
at
i
on
(
t
he
f
or
m
at
i
on
of
C
uO
2
)
,
i
m
pr
ov
e
C
u
ad
hes
i
on
t
o
S
iO
2
a
nd
i
m
pr
ov
e
f
i
l
m
s
t
abi
l
i
t
y
o
n
S
i
O
2
[
15]
.
T
hi
s
i
m
pr
ov
ed
s
t
abi
l
i
t
y
oc
c
ur
r
ed
du
e
t
o
t
he
dec
r
eas
i
n
g d
i
f
f
us
i
on t
r
ans
p
or
t
i
nt
o S
i
O
2
s
i
nc
e A
l
i
s
t
r
a
n
s
por
t
ed t
hr
oug
h c
op
per
at
a r
el
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
l
o
w
t
em
per
at
ur
e (
27
5
–
3
00
°
C
)
[
15]
.
A
nne
al
i
ng
C
u/
A
l/
S
iO
2
/
S
i
w
i
l
l
pr
ot
ec
t
t
he
und
er
l
y
i
n
g C
u f
r
o
m
o
x
id
at
i
o
n,
e
v
e
n u
pon
he
at
i
ng
at
350
°C
i
n
ai
r
f
or
4
hour
s
[
1
6]
.
B
ot
h A
l
and
C
u ha
v
e go
od
adhes
i
on t
o g
l
as
s
,
and C
u
di
f
f
us
es
i
nt
o gl
as
s
at
hi
gh t
em
per
at
ur
es
[
17]
.
T
hi
s
C
u
di
f
f
us
i
on c
an be
s
ol
v
ed b
y
us
i
n
g Mo,
w
h
e
r
e
Mo i
m
pr
ov
es
t
he C
u a
dhes
i
on and
av
oi
ds
C
u d
i
f
f
us
i
on i
nt
o t
he g
l
as
s
[
18]
.
T
hus
,
A
l
d
epos
i
t
i
o
n on
t
he gl
as
s
w
i
l
l
pr
e
v
e
nt
C
u o
x
i
dat
i
on,
i
m
pr
ov
e t
he f
i
l
m
a
dhes
i
on t
o t
h
e
gl
as
s
,
a
nd
dec
r
eas
e
C
u
di
f
f
us
i
on i
nt
o
t
he
g
l
as
s
.
F
i
gur
e 3
s
ho
w
s
t
hat
t
h
e f
i
l
m
s
hav
e
go
o
d
adhes
i
on
t
o t
he s
ubs
t
r
a
t
es
.
F
i
gur
e
3.
C
r
os
s
S
ec
t
i
o
na
l
I
m
ag
es
of
(
a)
F
i
l
m
1 and (
b)
F
i
l
m
2
T
he m
i
x
ed
I
n
-
S
e
el
em
ent
al
l
a
y
er
l
e
t
I
n
a
nd
S
e
f
or
m
bi
nar
y
I
n
x
Se
y
i
n
s
el
en
i
z
at
i
on.
S
i
nc
e
t
he
I
n
x
Se
y
f
or
m
at
i
on
c
oul
d
oc
c
ur
pr
i
or
t
o
t
he
C
I
A
S
f
or
m
at
i
on,
t
he
I
n
w
as
k
ept
f
r
o
m
ev
apor
at
i
n
g
due t
o h
av
i
ng
t
he
l
o
w
es
t
m
el
t
i
ng
po
i
nt
.
Mor
e
ov
er
,
a m
i
x
ed I
n
-
S
e
l
ay
er
w
a
s
pu
t
bet
w
e
e
n t
h
e t
w
o
C
u l
a
y
er
s
t
o a
l
l
o
w
t
h
e C
u and I
n t
o d
i
f
f
us
e w
el
l
b
ec
aus
e of
t
he C
u pr
ef
er
enc
e
i
n m
ov
i
n
g
f
r
equent
l
y
b
y
v
ac
anc
y
-
m
edi
at
e
d
s
ur
f
ac
e
d
i
f
f
us
i
on,
e
v
e
n
at
r
oom
t
em
per
at
ur
e,
an
d
C
u
t
en
de
nc
y
i
n p
er
f
or
m
i
ng s
el
f
-
in
t
e
r
s
t
it
i
a
l
[
1
9]
.
F
ur
t
her
,
t
h
i
s
l
a
y
er
i
ng a
l
s
o l
e
t
def
ec
t
pa
i
r
f
or
m
at
i
on w
her
e
def
ec
t
pai
r
s
s
uc
h as
(
2V
-
Cu
+ I
n
2
+
Cu
)
a
nd (
2C
u
-
2
I
n
+ I
n
2
+
Cu
)
h
av
e l
o
w
f
or
m
at
i
on ener
g
i
es
[
2
0]
.
Mov
er
o
v
er
,
t
h
i
s
d
ef
ec
t
pai
r
s
pl
a
y
a
bi
g r
ol
e i
n e
ner
g
y
c
onv
er
s
i
on
,
l
i
gh
t
t
o
el
ec
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
.
F
i
l
m
1 w
as
s
el
eni
z
e
d t
hr
o
ugh t
w
o
t
em
per
at
ur
e h
ol
d
i
ng s
t
eps
:
1
00°C
f
or
20 m
i
n and
500
°
C
f
or
30
m
i
n.
T
he
f
i
r
s
t
s
t
ep
hom
ogeni
z
e
d
t
he
f
i
l
m
c
om
pos
i
t
i
on
an
d
t
he
s
ec
o
nd
s
t
e
p
l
et
t
he
C
I
A
S
f
or
m
.
F
i
l
m
2 w
as
s
e
l
e
ni
z
ed
t
hr
ou
gh f
our
s
t
eps
(
1
60
°C
,
26
0°C
,
30
0°C
,
an
d 5
00
°C
)
,
eac
h of
w
hi
c
h
w
as
r
un
f
or
10
m
i
n.
T
he
160
°C
s
t
e
p
w
as
he
l
d
t
o
m
el
t
t
he
i
n
f
or
bet
t
er
I
n
d
i
f
f
us
i
on
i
n
t
h
e
l
i
q
ui
d s
t
at
e.
T
he 2
60
°C
s
t
e
p w
as
he
l
d t
o l
et
t
he I
nS
e f
or
m
.
T
he 300
°C
w
as
he
l
d t
o l
et
t
he I
n
2
Se
3
and C
u
x
Se
y
f
or
m
and t
he A
l
di
f
f
us
e i
nt
o t
he C
u l
a
y
er
.
T
he f
i
l
m
c
o
m
pos
i
t
i
on c
an b
e s
een i
n T
abl
e
1.
T
he C
u
-
poor
c
ondi
t
i
on
i
s
m
or
e pr
e
f
er
abl
e f
or
t
he p
-
t
y
p
e s
em
i
c
onduc
t
or
.
H
ow
ev
er
,
t
he C
u
i
nc
or
por
a
t
ed
i
n
t
h
e
C
I
A
S
w
as
l
es
s
t
h
an
18%
.
S
i
nc
e
t
h
e
gr
a
i
n
gr
o
w
t
h
f
l
ux
i
n
g
a
gen
t
(
C
u
x
S
e)
w
as
l
ac
k
i
ng,
t
hi
s
c
ond
i
t
i
on
w
a
s
a t
r
i
gger
f
or
uns
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
gr
ai
n gr
o
w
t
h r
es
ul
t
i
n
g l
ar
ge
gr
ai
n
boun
dar
i
es
.
A
s
s
uc
h,
i
f
t
he f
i
l
m
had s
i
ng
l
e
-
ph
as
e
C
I
A
S
(
m
eani
n
g a
l
l
of
e
l
em
ent
s
w
er
e
i
nc
or
por
a
t
ed
i
n
t
he
C
I
A
S
p
has
e)
,
t
h
e gr
a
i
ns
w
o
ul
d b
e
s
m
al
l
(
F
i
g
ur
e 3b)
.
3
.
2
.
S
tr
u
c
tu
r
e
T
he C
I
A
S
ph
as
es
s
t
i
l
l
c
an
be f
or
m
ed i
n a C
u
-
def
i
c
i
ent
c
ond
i
t
i
on
w
i
t
h C
u/
C
I
A
S
<
18%
(
F
i
gur
e
4)
.
O
t
h
er
w
i
s
e,
t
h
e c
r
i
t
i
c
al
c
on
di
t
i
o
n
w
as
i
n
duc
e
d b
y
t
he
di
f
f
er
ent
a
pp
l
i
ed
h
eat
t
r
eat
m
ent
s
t
o
t
he
pr
ec
ur
s
or
s
i
n
t
he
i
r
c
hem
i
c
al
r
eac
t
i
ons
.
T
he
C
I
A
S
phas
es
w
er
e
i
de
nt
i
f
i
e
d
b
y
t
he
1
12,
21
1,
220/
204,
and
312/
116
pl
a
nes
,
w
hi
c
h C
I
A
S
i
dent
i
f
y
i
n
g i
s
d
on
e b
y
us
i
n
g C
I
S
an
d C
A
S
J
C
P
D
S
[1
1
], [2
1
-
23]
.
T
he 112 p
l
an
e of
f
i
l
m
s
1 and 2 w
er
e i
de
nt
i
f
i
ed b
y
J
C
P
D
S
no.
0
1
-
08
9
-
564
8 and 00
-
040
-
1
487 b
el
o
nge
d t
o C
I
S
at
26.
77
7° an
d 26.
579
°,
w
her
e t
h
e C
I
S
s
t
an
dar
ds
w
er
e us
ed t
o
i
de
nt
i
f
y
t
he C
I
A
S
[
1
4]
,
[
24,
25]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
V
o
l.
1
4
,
N
o
.
3
,
S
ept
em
ber
201
6
:
8
67
–
8
7
2
870
T
abl
e 1
.
F
ilm
C
o
m
p
o
s
it
io
n
F
i
lm
E
l
e
m
ent
(
at
.
%
)
C
u/
(
I
n+
A
l)
Cu
In
Al
Se
1
17.
12
22.
74
0.
22
59.
93
0.
75
2
17.
54
19.
83
0.
22
62.
41
0.
87
F
i
gur
e
4.
X
-
r
a
y
D
i
f
f
r
ac
t
i
on
P
at
t
er
ns
of
f
i
l
m
1 and 2
T
h
e
C
I
AS
2
θ
l
i
es
b
et
w
e
en
C
I
S
a
nd C
A
S
2
θ
and s
h
i
f
t
s
ac
c
or
di
ng
t
o t
h
e A
l
am
ount
i
n t
h
e
C
I
A
S
.
T
hus
,
t
he hi
gh
er
t
he
A
l
c
ont
e
nt
,
t
he
c
l
os
er
t
o
t
he
C
A
S
2
θ
an
d
v
i
c
e
v
er
s
a
[1
6
],
[
26,
2
7]
.
S
i
nc
e
t
he
I
n a
nd
A
l
c
om
pos
i
t
i
o
nal
r
at
i
os
i
n e
ac
h pr
ec
u
r
s
or
w
er
e t
he s
am
e,
t
he f
or
m
at
i
on of
I
nS
e
la
y
e
r
in
f
ilm
1
c
a
u
s
ed r
educ
t
i
on of
t
he I
n i
nc
or
p
or
at
ed i
nt
o t
he C
I
A
S
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e.
H
enc
e,
t
he I
n
r
at
i
o
i
n
t
h
e
C
I
A
S
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
of
f
i
l
m
1
w
as
l
es
s
t
ha
n
t
hat
i
n
f
i
l
m
2
s
i
nc
e
a
l
l
of
t
h
e
I
n
i
n
f
i
l
m
2
w
as
us
ed
f
or
C
I
A
S
f
or
m
at
i
on,
m
ean
i
ng
t
hat
a
h
i
gh
er
A
l
r
at
i
o
i
nc
or
p
or
at
e
d
i
nt
o
f
i
l
m
1
t
han
t
hat
i
n
f
i
l
m
2.
T
hes
e p
hen
om
ena i
nf
l
u
e
nc
ed t
he X
R
D
pa
t
t
er
n
i
n t
h
e C
I
A
S
i
dent
i
f
i
c
at
i
on.
T
her
ef
or
e,
ev
en t
he
112 pe
ak
s
o
f
f
i
l
m
s
1 and 2 r
ev
e
al
e
d C
I
A
S
(
b
y
C
I
S
s
t
andar
d)
,
b
ut
t
he d
i
f
f
r
ac
t
i
on peak
s
w
er
e
di
f
f
er
ent
,
c
ons
eq
uent
l
y
C
I
A
S
pe
ak
of
f
i
l
m
2 w
as
c
l
o
s
er
t
o t
h
e C
I
S
pe
ak
t
han t
h
at
of
f
i
l
m
1.
T
hi
s
c
r
i
t
i
c
al
c
ond
i
t
i
on
i
n f
i
l
m
m
o
r
phol
o
g
y
c
an
be
s
ee
n i
n F
i
gur
e
3.
T
he gr
a
i
n
of
f
i
l
m
1
w
as
l
ar
ger
t
han
t
hat
of
f
i
l
m
2,
w
i
t
h
gr
eat
er
w
i
dt
h
t
h
an
h
ei
g
ht
.
T
he
I
nS
e
ph
as
e
c
an
be
s
een
as
a
f
l
at
l
a
y
er
on
t
h
e
gr
ai
ns
of
f
i
l
m
1
(
F
i
gur
e
3
a)
.
O
n
t
he
ot
her
h
and,
t
h
e
gr
ai
ns
of
f
i
l
m
2
w
er
e
s
m
al
l
(
F
i
gur
e
3b)
,
but
t
he
X
R
D
p
at
t
er
n
ga
v
e
on
l
y
C
I
A
S
pea
k
s
,
m
eani
ng
t
h
at
t
heh
eat
t
r
eat
m
ent
of
f
i
l
m
2 i
nduc
e
d C
I
A
S
f
or
m
at
i
on
w
i
t
h
out
an
y
s
ec
o
ndar
y
ph
as
e i
n t
he
C
u
-
d
ef
i
c
i
ent
c
o
ndi
t
i
o
n.
H
av
i
n
g
sm
al
l
gr
a
i
ns
does
not
m
ean t
h
at
t
he
al
l
o
w
ed
t
i
m
e f
or
C
I
A
S
gr
ai
n gr
o
w
t
h
w
as
n
ot
s
uf
f
i
c
i
ent
t
o
y
i
e
l
d
opt
i
m
u
m
gr
ai
n
s
i
z
e
i
n
f
i
l
m
2.
T
he
s
m
al
l
gr
ai
ns
w
er
e
y
i
e
l
de
d
b
y
t
he
C
u
-
def
i
c
i
ent
c
o
nd
i
t
i
on
r
es
ul
t
ed
i
n uns
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
gr
ai
n
gr
o
w
t
h.
T
he t
hi
c
k
nes
s
of
f
i
l
m
s
1 a
nd 2
w
as
di
f
f
er
ent
,
as
f
i
l
m
1 w
as
t
hi
n
ner
t
ha
n f
i
l
m
2.
T
h
e
t
hi
c
k
er
f
i
l
m
m
eans
t
he
m
or
e
f
i
l
m
m
as
s
.
T
he
I
nS
e
-
pha
s
e
r
i
s
i
ng
an
d
t
he
f
i
l
m
t
hi
c
k
nes
s
di
f
f
er
enc
e
w
er
e c
aus
ed
b
y
t
he h
eat
t
r
eat
m
ent
di
f
f
er
enc
e.
F
i
r
s
t
,
t
h
e f
i
l
m
1 c
o
m
pos
i
t
i
on
w
as
h
om
ogeni
z
ed a
t
200
°
C
f
or
2
0 m
i
n,
en
ou
gh t
i
m
e f
or
t
he I
n m
ov
i
ng
up
t
o
t
he t
op
l
a
y
er
and
do
w
n t
o
t
he b
ot
t
om
.
A
t
500
°
C
,
t
he
C
I
A
S
f
or
m
at
i
on
w
as
pr
om
ot
ed f
or
30
m
i
n.
A
f
t
er
t
he
C
I
A
S
f
or
m
at
i
o
n,
t
h
e
heat
i
n
g
c
ont
i
n
ued
.
T
hi
s
ex
c
eeded
t
i
m
e
r
equi
r
ed
f
or
C
I
A
S
f
or
m
at
i
o
n
i
nd
uc
ed
C
I
A
S
d
ec
om
pos
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
I
nS
e
p
has
e.
T
he
I
n
S
e
w
a
s
c
r
eat
ed f
r
om
unbou
nde
d
in
,
w
h
i
c
h
r
es
u
l
t
e
d i
n dec
o
m
pos
i
t
i
on
a
nd
hom
ogeni
z
at
i
on
,
on
t
he
s
ur
f
ac
e
t
hat
t
r
app
ed
t
h
e
S
e
f
r
om
t
he
env
i
r
o
nm
ent
.
F
i
gur
e
3
s
ho
w
s
t
ha
t
t
he
gr
ai
ns
of
f
i
l
m
1 w
er
e m
uc
h b
i
gg
er
t
h
an t
hos
e
of
f
i
l
m
2 and r
e
v
ea
l
e
d t
h
at
t
he
C
I
A
S
f
or
m
at
i
on
w
as
m
or
e t
han s
uf
f
i
c
i
ent
t
o
gr
o
w
t
h
e C
I
A
S
.
3.
3.
E
l
e
ct
r
i
c
al
O
p
t
i
cal
P
r
o
p
er
t
i
es
T
he el
ec
t
r
i
c
a
l
pr
o
per
t
i
es
of
t
he f
i
l
m
s
ar
e s
ho
w
n
i
n T
abl
e 2.
S
i
nc
e t
her
e
w
as
a
s
ec
ondar
y
I
n
Se
ph
as
e
a
nd
i
t
s
l
a
y
er
w
as
t
hi
c
k
enou
gh
(
r
e
l
at
i
v
el
y
c
o
m
par
ed
t
o
t
h
e
gr
a
i
n
he
i
g
ht
)
,
i
t
p
l
a
y
ed
a
bi
g r
o
l
e
i
n
i
nf
l
ue
nc
i
n
g t
he
el
ec
t
r
i
c
a
l
pr
o
per
t
i
es
of
f
i
l
m
1.
C
ons
eq
uent
l
y
,
t
h
e f
i
l
m
s
c
an not
be
c
o
m
par
ed;
t
he
el
ec
t
r
i
c
al
pr
oper
t
i
es
of
t
he f
i
l
m
s
w
er
e d
i
f
f
er
ent
.
O
t
her
w
i
s
e,
t
he el
ec
t
r
i
c
al
pr
oper
t
i
es
of
f
i
l
m
2 c
an s
t
i
l
l
be a
nal
y
z
ed
,
w
h
i
c
h g
av
e c
l
aus
al
t
hi
nk
i
ng i
n t
h
e C
I
A
S
s
t
ud
y
.
S
i
nc
e
C
u h
as
t
he
l
o
w
es
t
el
ec
t
r
i
c
al
r
es
i
s
t
i
v
i
t
y
an
d i
s
t
h
e
c
at
i
on
of
C
I
A
S
,
t
he s
m
al
l
a
m
ount
of
C
u
i
nc
or
por
at
ed
i
nt
o
C
I
A
S
(
17.
54
at
%
)
c
aus
es
t
h
e
f
i
l
m
t
o
hav
ehi
gh
r
es
i
s
t
i
v
i
t
y
.
T
hi
s
w
as
al
s
o
s
uppor
t
e
d b
y
t
he
h
i
gh
c
o
m
pos
i
t
i
on r
at
i
o
of
S
e (
6
2.
41
at
%
)
as
t
he
an
i
o
n
i
n
C
I
A
S
.
T
he s
m
al
l
gr
ai
ns
m
eant
t
hat
t
he
f
i
l
m
had
l
ar
ge
gr
ai
n
bou
nd
ar
i
es
w
i
t
h
r
e
l
at
i
v
el
y
l
o
w
e
l
ec
t
r
on
i
c
ac
t
i
v
i
t
y
[
2
8]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
I
S
S
N
:
1
693
-
6
930
C
r
it
ic
a
l C
o
n
d
it
i
o
n
in
C
u
I
n
A
l
S
e
2
S
o
l
ar
C
e
l
l
A
bs
or
ber
s
(
S
uj
ar
w
at
a
)
871
A
t
r
oom
t
e
m
per
at
ur
e
(
w
i
t
h
out
s
ol
ar
i
l
l
um
i
nat
i
on)
,
t
h
e
equi
l
i
br
i
um
F
er
m
i
l
ev
e
l
(
E
f
)
o
f
t
he gr
ai
n
boun
dar
y
i
s
c
l
os
er
t
o
t
h
e
c
onduc
t
i
on
ba
nd
e
dge
t
ha
n
t
o
t
he
v
al
e
nc
e
b
and
edg
e,
i
nd
i
c
at
i
ng
t
hat
c
ar
r
i
er
-
t
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o
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a.
R
ef
er
en
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]
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l
i
k
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,
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u
s
oh A
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ut
i
k
n
o T
.
T
EL
KO
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N
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KA
T
el
ec
om
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uni
c
at
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on C
om
put
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ng E
l
e
c
t
r
on
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c
s
an
d C
ont
r
ol
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us
oh
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oham
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.
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ng E
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t
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ol
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J
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ar
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ai
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009;
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hoc
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81.
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et
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