T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2020
,
pp.
1553
~
1560
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i3.
12085
1553
Jou
r
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al
h
omepage
:
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tp:
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.
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AB
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tor
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De
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a
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e
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24
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2020
In
t
h
i
s
a
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a
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ary
l
en
s
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s
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g
n
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fo
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a
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L
E
D
fi
s
h
i
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w
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amp
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),
w
h
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s
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o
s
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t
h
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g
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t
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s
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f
fi
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l
am
p
i
s
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p
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d
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o
ma
k
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h
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l
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p
t
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c
s
d
e
s
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n
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ro
ce
s
s
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w
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au
s
s
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m
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o
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t
i
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In
t
h
i
s
w
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i
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s
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y
t
o
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rface,
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d
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n
d
erw
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er.
Mean
w
h
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l
e,
a
l
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g
h
t
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effi
c
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ead
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f
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I
D
fi
s
h
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g
l
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p
s
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
I
ll
umi
na
ti
on
uni
f
or
mi
ty
L
ight
ing
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
S
e
c
onda
r
y
lens
W
L
E
Ds
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
T
hinh
C
ong
T
r
a
n
F
a
c
ult
y
of
E
lec
tr
ica
l
a
nd
E
lec
tr
onics
E
nginee
r
ing,
T
on
Duc
T
ha
ng
Unive
r
s
it
y,
Ho
C
hi
M
inh
C
it
y,
Vie
tnam.
E
mail:
t
r
a
nc
ongthi
nh@tdt
u.
e
du.
vn
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
I
n
the
moder
n
ti
me
,
whe
n
it
ha
s
be
e
n
witnes
s
e
d
a
c
ons
tant
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
in
tec
hnology
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
.
I
n
ter
ms
of
li
ghti
ng
mar
ke
t
,
L
E
Ds
a
r
e
c
ons
ider
e
d
a
s
a
potential
a
nd
powe
r
f
ul
l
ight
s
our
c
e
that
c
a
n
r
e
plac
e
the
tr
a
dit
ional
one
.
T
he
r
e
a
s
on
f
or
it
s
popular
it
y
c
omes
f
r
o
m
the
it
s
e
xc
e
ll
e
nt
f
e
a
tur
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
high
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y,
long
li
f
e
ti
me,
f
a
s
t
r
e
a
c
ti
on
a
nd
e
nvi
r
onmenta
l
f
r
iendlin
e
s
s
[
1
-
8]
.
Ne
ve
r
thele
s
s
,
it
is
ha
r
d
to
ge
t
a
ll
the
a
b
il
it
ies
of
c
onve
nti
ona
l
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
of
L
E
Ds
f
ull
y
e
mpl
oye
d,
s
o
the
L
E
Ds
pa
c
ka
g
e
s
ne
e
ds
s
uppor
t
f
r
om
a
ddit
ional
opti
c
a
l
de
vice
s
[
9
-
12]
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
us
ing
a
s
e
c
onda
r
y
f
r
e
e
f
or
m
lens
,
whic
h
is
int
r
oduc
e
d
to
c
onve
r
t
the
r
a
w
r
a
diation
pa
tt
e
r
n
int
o
a
mo
r
e
s
uit
a
ble
one
,
a
s
a
n
a
d
dit
ional
opti
c
a
l
de
vice
s
e
e
ms
to
be
the
be
s
t
s
olut
ion[
13
-
17]
.
B
e
s
ide
s
,
owing
to
their
f
r
e
e
f
or
m
s
ur
f
a
c
e
s
,
thi
s
kin
d
of
lens
e
s
c
a
n
he
lp
to
ge
ne
r
a
te
mor
e
unif
o
r
mi
ty
li
ghts
a
nd
a
pr
ope
r
li
ght
int
e
ns
it
y
dis
tr
ibut
ion
c
ur
ve
(
L
I
DC
)
[
18
-
21]
.
T
o
the
be
s
t
of
our
knowle
dge
,
ther
e
ha
s
be
e
n
no
f
unc
ti
on
pr
opos
e
d
to
a
c
hieve
a
n
idea
l
L
I
DC
thr
ou
gh
the
us
e
of
s
e
c
onda
r
y
lens
e
s
.
R
e
c
e
ntl
y,
many
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
ha
ve
c
onc
e
ntr
a
ted
on
c
r
e
a
ti
ng
s
uit
a
ble
de
s
ign
of
li
ght
pa
tt
e
r
ns
us
e
d
in
f
is
hing.
As
mentioned
in
the
2
012
s
tudy
of
S
he
n’
s
gr
oup
,
to
c
a
tch
the
a
tt
e
nti
on
of
f
is
he
s
,
L
E
Ds
a
ppli
e
d
a
li
ght
pa
tt
e
r
n
with
a
n
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ng
dis
t
r
ibut
ion
of
br
ight
ne
s
s
a
nd
da
r
kne
s
s
a
r
e
us
e
d
a
s
a
lt
e
r
na
ti
ve
s
f
or
tr
a
dit
ional
l
ight
s
[
22]
.
T
his
int
e
ns
it
y
dis
tr
ibut
i
on
c
ur
ve
wa
s
de
mons
tr
a
tedby
the
T
a
ylor
s
e
r
ies
.
T
wo
ye
a
r
l
a
ter
,
S
he
n
a
nd
his
pa
r
tner
s
de
s
igned
a
nove
l
lens
ha
ving
a
c
a
pa
bil
it
y
of
ge
ne
r
a
ti
ng
a
li
ght
pa
tt
e
r
n
of
mul
ti
pl
e
c
onc
e
ntr
ic
c
ir
c
les
f
or
a
ppe
a
li
ng
f
is
h
s
hoa
ls
by
a
pplyi
ng
F
our
ier
s
e
r
ies
a
nd
a
n
e
ne
r
gy
mapping
method
[
23
]
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
T
a
ylor
s
e
r
ies
a
nd
F
our
ier
s
e
r
ies
,
the
m
e
nti
one
d
L
I
DC
s
a
r
e
e
xhibi
ted
in
de
tails
,
a
n
d
thus
it
s
a
ve
s
a
lo
t
of
ti
me
to
c
a
lcula
te
a
nd
s
im
ulate
thes
e
L
I
DC
s
.
I
n
a
ddit
ion,
the
c
oe
f
f
icie
nts
of
the
e
xpone
nti
a
l
ter
ms
a
nd
the
e
mi
tt
e
d
a
ngle
of
L
E
D
a
r
e
uti
li
z
e
d
to
pr
e
s
e
nt
L
I
DC
s
a
pplyi
ng
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1553
-
1560
1554
T
a
ylor
s
e
r
ies
.
B
e
s
ides
,
the
c
omput
a
ti
on
of
the
L
I
D
C
s
a
r
e
c
a
r
r
ied
out
ba
s
e
d
on
the
s
ine
a
nd
c
os
ine
f
un
c
ti
ons
in
F
our
ier
s
e
r
ies
.
Although
thes
e
s
e
r
ies
c
a
n
r
e
duc
e
t
he
a
mount
of
ti
me
c
omput
a
ti
ng
a
nd
s
im
ulating
th
e
L
I
DC
s
,
a
de
tailed
pr
e
s
e
ntation
of
the
pr
oge
s
s
a
nd
a
n
e
xa
c
t
model
of
L
I
DC
s
a
r
e
ha
r
d
to
a
c
hive.
R
e
a
li
z
ing
thi
s
di
f
f
iculty,
thi
s
s
tudy
pr
opos
e
s
the
G
a
us
s
i
a
n
de
c
ompos
it
io
n
[
24,
25]
to
ha
ve
the
L
I
DC
s
pr
e
s
e
nted
mor
e
a
c
c
ur
a
tely.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
with
the
us
e
o
f
a
s
e
t
of
many
va
r
ia
ble
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
,
c
ons
is
ti
ng
the
main
lobe’
s
pos
it
ion,
the
mul
ti
plyi
ng
f
a
c
tor
s
,
a
nd
the
s
tanda
r
d
de
viati
ons
,
th
e
e
xa
c
t
s
im
ulation
of
r
e
quir
e
d
L
I
C
Ds
c
a
n
be
a
c
c
o
mpl
is
he
d.
T
he
main
goa
l
that
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
tr
y
to
f
ulf
il
l
is
a
c
hieving
the
li
ghti
ng
pur
pos
e
f
or
both
f
is
hing
a
nd
on
-
boa
r
d
ope
r
a
ti
ons
on
f
is
hing
boa
ts
;
a
nd
the
ke
y
a
ppr
oa
c
h
to
the
s
uc
c
e
s
s
in
both
c
ir
c
ums
tanc
e
s
i
s
the
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
of
a
f
r
e
e
f
or
m
s
e
c
onda
r
y
lens
with
powe
r
c
hip
L
E
Ds
.
D
ur
ing
the
de
s
ign
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
the
Ga
us
s
ian
de
c
ompos
it
ion
wa
s
c
a
lcula
ted
a
nd
us
e
d
to
model
the
p
r
opos
e
d
L
F
W
L
li
ght
dis
tr
ibut
ion.
I
n
a
ddit
ion
to
the
opti
c
a
l
de
s
ign
a
nd
c
omput
e
r
s
im
ulat
ion
wor
k
,
opt
ica
l
e
xpe
r
im
e
nts
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
to
s
how
the
a
dva
ntage
s
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
L
F
W
L
.
2.
L
F
WL
L
E
NS
DE
S
I
GN
2.
1.
Gau
s
s
ian
d
e
c
om
p
os
it
ion
m
e
t
h
od
T
he
L
F
W
L
is
de
s
igned
to
s
uppor
t
f
or
both
f
i
s
hing
a
nd
on
-
boa
r
d
a
c
ti
vit
ies
.
S
pe
c
if
ica
ll
y,
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
the
L
I
DC
o
f
L
F
W
L
lens
is
us
e
d
f
o
r
two
z
one
s
,
one
is
the
c
e
ntr
a
l
a
r
e
a
f
o
r
f
is
hing
a
nd
t
he
other
is
the
two
s
ide
lobes
f
or
on
-
boa
r
d
wor
k
ing,
whic
h
a
r
e
il
lus
tr
a
ted
in
F
igur
e
1.
T
he
late
r
a
l
lobe
z
one
s
a
r
e
s
e
t
up
thr
ough
the
c
e
ntr
a
l
pe
a
k
a
r
e
a
f
o
r
the
pur
pos
e
of
ob
taining
mul
ti
ple
us
e
s
f
r
om
the
s
a
me
L
E
D
li
ght
po
we
r
.
T
he
li
ght
ge
ne
r
a
ted
by
the
s
ide
lobes
is
pr
ovided
f
or
on
-
boa
r
d
wor
k
in
f
is
hing
ve
s
s
e
ls
.
M
e
a
nwhile,
the
l
ig
ht
in
the
c
e
nter
pe
a
k
r
e
gion
is
us
e
d
to
a
tt
r
a
c
t
the
f
is
he
s
unde
r
wa
ter
.
F
igur
e
1
.
T
he
de
s
igned
L
I
DC
of
L
F
W
L
lens
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
Ga
us
s
ian
de
c
ompos
it
ion,
the
L
I
DC
o
f
L
F
W
L
lens
c
a
n
be
c
omput
e
d
[
10
,
11]
a
s
f
oll
ows
:
22
2
2
2
2
0
(
)
(
)
2
2
2
0
1
0
()
22
nn
nn
n
Le
n
s
n
n
aa
I
e
e
e
−+
−
−
−
=
=
+
+
(
1)
I
n
whic
h
0
a
nd
n
(
f
or
n
=
1,
2…
)
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
p
os
it
ion
of
the
pr
im
a
r
y
lobe,
the
nth
s
ide
lobe,
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
M
e
a
nwhile,
the
va
lues
of
mul
ti
ply
ing
f
a
c
tor
s
a
0
,
a
1
,
a
2
,
…
a
nd
the
s
tanda
r
d
de
viations
0
,
1
,
2
,
…
a
r
e
c
a
r
e
f
ull
y
a
djus
ted
to
be
a
ppr
opr
iate
to
the
r
e
quir
e
d
L
I
DC
pa
tt
e
r
n.
T
he
va
lues
of
thes
e
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
c
or
r
e
s
ponding
to
the
de
s
ir
e
d
L
I
DC
pa
tt
e
r
n
a
r
e
de
mons
tr
a
ted
in
T
a
ble
1.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
the
wo
r
kf
low
of
f
indi
ng
th
e
de
s
ir
e
d
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
by
Ga
us
s
ian
de
c
ompos
it
ion
is
dis
playe
d
in
F
igur
e
2.
T
he
de
tailed
p
r
oc
e
s
s
c
a
n
be
de
mons
tr
a
ted
a
s
f
our
s
teps
be
low:
-
S
tep
1:
S
e
lec
t
the
ini
ti
a
l
ke
y
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
of
the
Ga
u
s
s
ian
mi
xtur
e
s
ba
s
e
d
on
the
idea
of
the
L
I
DC
pa
tt
e
r
n
of
the
L
F
W
L
lens
including
the
number
of
s
ide
lobes
,
a
nd
the
pos
it
ion
of
the
main
lobe
a
nd
a
ll
s
ide
lobe
s
.
-
S
tep
2:
De
ter
mi
ne
the
pa
r
a
mete
r
o
f
s
tanda
r
d
de
vi
a
ti
ons
,
mea
ning
that
de
ter
mi
ning
the
width
of
the
main
lobe
a
nd
s
ide
lobes
ba
s
e
d
on
the
de
s
ign
r
e
quir
e
me
nt.
-
S
tep
3:
R
un
the
mi
nim
um
mea
n
s
qua
r
e
e
r
r
or
(
M
M
S
E
)
e
s
ti
mation
a
lgor
it
hm
to
f
ind
the
mul
ti
plyi
ng
f
a
c
tor
s
a
n
f
or
n
=
1
,
2
,
…
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
s
ign
of
fr
e
e
for
m
lens
for
W
L
E
Ds
on
the
fi
s
hing
boat
(
N
guy
e
n
T
hi
P
huong
L
oan
)
1555
-
St
e
p
4:
I
f
the
M
M
S
E
is
withi
n
a
n
a
c
c
e
ptable
r
e
gion,
i.
e
.
M
M
S
E
<
,
whe
r
e
=
10
-
3
is
the
maxi
mum
a
c
c
e
ptable
e
r
r
or
,
then
s
top
the
pr
oc
e
dur
e
.
Othe
r
wi
s
e
,
go
ba
c
k
to
S
tep
2
a
nd
a
djus
t
the
va
lues
of
n
,
then
r
e
pe
a
t
the
a
lgor
it
hm
.
T
hr
ough
the
p
r
oc
e
s
s
of
de
s
ign,
the
L
I
DC
of
L
F
W
L
lens
,
whic
h
is
up
to
s
tanda
r
d,
c
a
n
be
a
ppe
a
r
e
d
by
the
s
upe
r
pos
it
ion
o
f
Ga
us
s
ian
f
unc
ti
ons
with
the
pr
ope
r
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
.
T
he
s
e
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
a
r
e
c
omp
uted
a
nd
indi
c
a
ted
in
T
a
ble
1,
whic
h
r
e
s
ult
s
in
the
a
na
lyt
ica
l
s
olut
ion
of
the
L
I
DC
pr
opos
e
d
in
F
ig
ur
e
1.
F
igur
e
2.
F
low
c
ha
r
t
o
f
f
indi
ng
the
tar
ge
t
f
a
c
tor
us
i
ng
Ga
us
s
ian
de
c
ompos
it
ion
T
a
ble
1.
De
s
igned
pa
r
a
mete
r
s
of
the
L
I
DC
f
or
L
F
W
L
lens
us
ing
ga
u
s
s
ian
de
c
ompo
s
it
ion
D
e
s
ig
n pa
r
a
me
te
r
s
V
a
lu
e
s
a0
15.04
a1
10.98
1
65
0
20.35
1
39.63
2.
2.
Co
n
s
t
r
u
c
t
ion
o
f
t
h
e
L
F
WL
lens
T
he
(
2)
be
low
is
us
e
to
c
a
lcula
ted
the
nor
malize
d
lum
inous
int
e
ns
it
y
dis
tr
ibut
ion
c
ur
ve
(
L
I
DC
)
of
the
li
ght
s
our
c
e
.
I
n
thi
s
f
or
mul
a
,
e
a
c
h
a
ngle
is
p
r
e
s
e
nted
by
,
a
nd
thei
r
lum
inous
int
e
ns
it
y
is
indi
c
a
ted
by
I
L
E
D
(
)
.
I
L
E
D
(
)
=
I
a
c
os
x
(
)
(
2)
Additi
ona
ll
y,
the
e
xpone
nti
a
l
f
a
c
tor
x
o
f
(
2)
c
a
n
b
e
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
:
x=
-
ln(
2)
/l
n
(
c
os
0
.
5
),
whe
r
e
0
.
5
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
li
ght
-
e
mi
tt
ing
view
-
a
ngle
of
the
L
E
D
that
is
d
e
s
c
r
ibeda
s
the
a
ngle
of
whic
h
the
lum
inous
int
e
ns
it
y
is
ha
lf
of
I
a
.
W
it
h
0
.
5
of
60
0
,
the
pe
r
f
e
c
t
L
a
mber
ti
a
n
-
L
E
D
c
a
n
be
obtaine
d
.
T
he
ve
c
tor
e
qua
ti
on
of
S
ne
ll
’
s
L
a
w
[
12]
c
a
n
be
wr
it
ten
a
s
:
22
2
OI
O
I
O
I
n
O
n
I
n
n
n
n
O
I
N
−
=
+
+
(
3)
he
r
e
,
n
O
a
nd
n
I
indi
c
a
tes
the
r
e
f
r
a
c
ti
ve
index
of
r
e
f
lec
ti
on
a
nd
incide
nt
r
a
y
withi
n
the
lens
,
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
O
s
hows
the
r
e
f
r
a
c
ti
on
unit
ve
c
to
r
a
nd
I
mea
ns
the
incide
nt
unit
ve
c
tor
while
N
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
nomal
ve
c
tor
c
or
r
e
s
ponding
to
the
incide
nt
a
nd
r
e
f
r
a
c
ti
on
ve
c
tor
s
.
I
n
F
igu
r
e
3
is
the
method
o
f
c
ons
tr
uc
ti
ng
the
ma
in
c
ur
ve
of
the
L
F
W
L
lens
.
T
he
L
E
D
s
our
c
e
’
s
c
e
ntr
a
l
r
e
gi
on
is
plac
e
d
a
t
the
or
igi
n
o
f
a
C
a
r
tes
ian
c
oor
dinat
e
s
ys
tem.
T
he
incide
nt
r
a
y
I
i
(
i
=
1,
2)
f
r
om
the
L
E
D
s
our
c
e
i
s
a
im
e
d
to
the
main
c
u
r
ve
a
t
the
c
o
r
r
e
s
pondi
ng
poi
nt
R
i
f
o
r
ge
ne
r
a
ti
ng
the
r
e
f
r
a
c
ted
r
a
y
O
i
.
T
he
point
s
Q
i
a
nd
R
i
s
e
pa
r
a
te
the
main
c
ur
ve
of
the
L
F
W
L
lens
int
o
f
our
e
qua
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1553
-
1560
1556
pa
r
ts
.
T
he
Q
0
Q
1
a
nd
Q
1
Q
2
c
ur
ve
s
a
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
nted
by
f
1
(
x)
a
nd
f
2
(
x)
f
unc
ti
ons
,
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
ve
ly.
T
he
nor
m
a
l
ve
c
tor
N
i
c
a
n
be
obtaine
d
ba
s
e
d
on
the
de
r
ivation
o
f
f
i
(
x
)
.
T
he
e
nd
point
s
of
the
main
c
ur
ve
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
t
a
s
Q
i
,
whic
h
a
r
e
the
bounda
r
y
c
ondit
ions
o
f
the
(
3
)
,
c
ombi
ning
with
the
r
e
s
ult
s
of
f
i
(
x
)
de
r
ivation
.
I
nde
e
d,
the
Q
0
Q
1
a
nd
Q
1
Q
2
c
u
r
ve
s
c
a
n
be
obtaine
d
by
e
mpl
oying
a
ngula
r
e
ne
r
gy
mapping
be
twe
e
n
the
L
I
DC
of
the
lens
(
1
)
a
nd
the
L
I
DC
of
the
L
E
D
s
our
c
e
(
2)
,
a
nd
then
s
ubs
ti
tut
ing
the
mapping
r
e
lations
hip
int
o
S
ne
ll
’
s
L
a
w
(
3)
.
F
ir
s
t
,
the
Z
e
max
opti
c
s
de
s
ign
pr
ogr
a
m
is
e
mpl
oye
d
to
f
i
nd
f
i
(
x)
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
by
c
ha
nging
f
i
(
x)
,
it
is
pos
s
ibl
e
to
f
r
e
e
ly
a
djus
t
N
i
unti
l
O
1
a
nd
O
2
a
r
e
dir
e
c
ted
to
the
de
s
ir
e
d
L
I
DC
of
L
F
W
L
lens
.
T
he
or
igi
na
l
3
-
D
L
F
W
L
lens
de
s
ign
is
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
F
igur
e
4
(
a
)
.
F
igur
e
3.
I
l
lus
tr
a
ti
on
of
2
-
D
r
a
y
-
tr
a
c
ing
plot
of
the
L
F
W
L
lens
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
4.
(
a
)
T
he
3
-
D
diagr
a
ms
of
the
a
c
c
ompl
is
he
d
f
r
e
e
f
o
r
m
lens
f
o
r
f
is
hing/
wor
king
lamp;
a
nd
(
b)
it
s
im
ulate
d
2
-
D
int
e
ns
it
y
dis
tr
ibut
ion
map
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
AN
AL
YSI
S
I
n
or
de
r
to
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ull
y
ge
t
the
de
s
igni
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
s
e
c
onda
r
y
lens
unde
r
c
ontr
ol,
we
a
ppli
e
d
S
oli
dwor
ks
a
nd
the
opti
c
a
l
de
s
ign
pr
og
r
a
m
Z
e
max
to
thi
s
s
tudy.
F
igur
e
4
(
a
)
is
the
il
lus
tr
a
ti
on
of
the
opti
mal
f
r
e
e
f
o
r
m
s
ur
f
a
c
e
pr
oduc
e
d
by
thes
e
s
of
twa
r
e
s
.
T
he
W
L
E
D
us
e
d
a
s
a
li
ght
s
our
c
e
f
or
our
s
im
ulations
a
nd
e
xpe
r
im
e
nts
is
the
one
ha
ving
107
lm
l
umi
nous
f
lux.
B
e
s
ides
,
f
o
r
the
be
s
t
o
f
the
f
a
br
ica
ti
on
the
e
xpe
r
im
e
ntal
L
F
W
L
modul
e
,
we
a
tt
a
c
he
d
thi
s
white
L
E
D
pa
c
ka
ge
to
the
op
ti
mi
z
e
d
f
r
e
e
f
or
m
lens
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
the
us
e
of
S
o
li
dwor
ks
,
the
L
E
Ds
modul
e
is
f
a
br
ica
teda
s
a
mec
ha
nica
l
model,
whos
e
ke
y
r
ole
is
a
s
the
input
to
the
T
r
a
c
e
P
r
o
pr
ogr
a
m
f
or
M
onte
C
a
r
lo
r
a
y
-
tr
a
c
i
ng
c
a
r
r
ies
out
the
mea
s
ur
e
ment
of
the
li
ght
p
r
o
duc
ti
vit
y.
Dis
playe
d
in
F
igur
e
4
(
b
)
is
the
s
i
mul
a
ted
2
-
D
int
e
ns
it
y
dis
tr
ibut
ion
of
the
p
r
opos
e
d
L
F
W
L
lens
.
A
s
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n,
the
li
ght
ge
ne
r
a
ted
in
the
0~45
-
de
gr
e
e
dis
tr
ib
uti
on
a
r
e
a
is
u
ti
li
z
e
d
to
a
tt
r
a
c
t
the
f
is
he
s
unde
r
wa
t
e
r
while
the
li
ght
a
t
the
dis
tr
ibut
ion
z
one
of
55~85
de
g
r
e
e
s
whic
h
is
li
ke
a
pa
ir
of
bir
d
wings
is
us
e
d
f
or
o
n
-
boa
r
d
li
ghti
ng.
I
n
F
igur
e
6
,
the
of
f
e
r
e
d
L
E
D
f
is
hing/
wo
r
king
s
e
c
onda
r
y
lens
is
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
a
s
a
s
pe
c
im
e
n,
whic
h
is
s
ugge
s
ted
f
or
opti
c
a
l
e
xpe
r
im
e
nts
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
F
igu
r
e
5
(
a
)
e
xhibi
ts
the
mate
r
ial
u
s
e
d
to
c
r
e
a
te
thi
s
pr
otot
ype
,
whic
h
is
plas
ti
c
s
.
M
e
a
nwhile,
F
igur
e
5
(
b)
s
hows
the
2
-
D
opti
c
a
l
int
e
ns
it
y
dis
tr
ibut
ion
of
the
L
F
W
L
modul
e
whic
h
is
e
s
ti
mate
d
by
a
goniophot
omete
r
.
W
he
n
the
L
I
DC
s
of
L
F
W
L
lens
e
s
a
r
e
c
ompar
e
d
us
ing
e
xa
mpl
e
s
o
f
the
two
de
s
igns
:
Ga
us
s
ian
de
c
ompo
s
it
ion
(
F
igur
e
1)
a
nd
the
mea
s
ur
e
d
L
I
DC
(
F
igur
e
6
)
.
Ne
xt
s
tep,
to
c
ompar
e
the
pe
r
f
or
manc
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
s
ign
of
fr
e
e
for
m
lens
for
W
L
E
Ds
on
the
fi
s
hing
boat
(
N
guy
e
n
T
hi
P
huong
L
oan
)
1557
of
our
pr
opos
e
d
f
r
e
e
f
or
m
lens
with
the
c
onve
nti
ona
l
f
is
hing
li
ght
,
the
inves
ti
ga
ti
on
of
a
225000
lum
e
ns
/
2000
W
P
hil
ips
HI
D
c
onve
nti
ona
l
f
is
hing
lamp
a
nd
a
54000
lum
e
ns
/450
W
L
E
D
li
ght
c
ompos
e
d
by
the
a
r
r
a
y
of
p
r
opos
e
d
f
is
hing/
wor
king
L
E
D
modul
e
s
is
c
a
r
r
ied
out.
F
igu
r
e
7
il
lus
tr
a
tes
the
mea
s
ur
e
d
li
ght
dis
tr
ibut
ion
c
ur
ve
of
the
HI
D
f
is
hing
lamp.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
5.
(
a
)
T
he
f
a
br
ica
ted
f
r
e
e
f
or
m
lens
s
a
mpl
e
,
a
nd
(
b)
it
s
mea
s
ur
e
d
2
-
D
int
e
ns
it
y
dis
tr
ibut
ion
map
F
igur
e
6
.
T
he
mea
s
ur
e
d
L
I
DC
of
L
F
W
L
lens
F
igur
e
7.
T
he
mea
s
ur
e
d
L
I
DC
of
the
HI
D
f
is
hing
l
a
mp
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1553
-
1560
1558
F
igur
e
8
p
r
e
s
e
nts
the
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
f
r
e
e
f
or
m
lens
e
s
of
the
L
E
D
s
e
ts
.
T
his
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
on
o
f
30
mm
a
nd
25
mm
c
or
r
e
s
ponds
to
the
length
a
nd
width
of
the
L
E
D
s
e
t.
T
he
n,
a
n
e
xa
mi
na
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
the
t
wo
s
a
me
s
ize
s
12
m
(
L
)
x
3
m
(
W
)
f
is
hing
boa
ts
is
c
onduc
te
d.
T
he
r
e
is
a
note
that
the
two
boa
ts
us
e
d
in
our
s
i
mul
a
ti
on
e
xpe
r
im
e
nts
ha
ve
a
boa
r
d
o
f
2
m
higher
than
the
wa
ter
s
ur
f
a
c
e
f
or
c
ons
ider
ing
the
c
ondit
ion
of
f
is
hing
a
nd
wor
king
e
nvir
onment.
I
n
pa
r
ti
c
ular
,
the
f
ir
s
t
bo
a
t
is
e
quipped
with
30
s
e
ts
of
pr
opos
e
d
450
W
L
E
D
f
is
hing/
wor
king
lamps
,
a
s
il
lus
tr
a
ted
in
F
igur
e
9
(
a
)
.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
li
ghti
ng
e
quipm
e
nt
of
the
s
e
c
ond
boa
t
is
jus
t
20
s
e
ts
of
the
2000
W
H
I
D
f
is
hing
lamps
,
a
s
pr
e
s
e
nted
in
F
igur
e
9
(
b
)
.
T
he
lamps
on
two
boa
ts
a
r
e
ins
t
a
ll
e
d
on
poles
,
a
nd
thes
e
poles
a
r
e
loca
ted
on
both
s
ides
of
t
he
f
is
hing
boa
ts
with
a
n
e
qua
l
dis
tanc
e
f
r
om
e
a
c
h
o
ther
,
a
nd
a
he
ight
of
2
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
boa
r
d
f
loor
.
F
igur
e
8.
T
he
s
e
pa
r
a
ti
ons
be
twe
e
n
f
r
e
e
f
or
m
lens
e
s
of
the
L
E
D
s
e
ts
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
9.
T
he
s
im
ulation
of
the
f
is
hing
boa
t
e
quipp
e
d
with
(
a
)
30
s
e
ts
of
the
450
W
L
E
D
f
is
hing/
wor
king
lamps
;
(
b)
20
s
e
ts
of
the
2000
W
H
I
D
f
is
hing
lamps
I
n
ter
m
o
f
e
va
luating
the
dis
tr
ibut
ion
of
li
ght
il
lu
mi
na
ti
on,
the
Dia
L
ux
s
of
twa
r
e
is
e
mpl
oye
d
to
de
a
l
with
the
int
e
ns
it
y
s
pr
e
a
ding
f
il
e
s
(
I
E
S
f
il
e
)
of
the
li
ghts
,
whic
h
a
r
e
obtaine
d
by
the
op
ti
c
a
l
mea
s
ur
e
ments
us
ing
goniom
e
ter
.
T
a
ble
2
is
the
c
ompar
is
on
be
twe
e
n
the
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
of
two
li
ghti
ng
s
ys
tems
e
va
lu
a
ted
on
dif
f
e
r
e
ntpos
i
ti
ons
:
on
the
boa
r
d
a
nd
on
the
wa
ter
s
ur
r
ounding
a
r
ound
the
f
is
hing
ve
s
s
e
l.
As
a
r
e
s
ult
,
it
is
s
hown
that
the
pr
opos
e
d
lamp
u
ti
li
z
e
s
jus
t
1/3
the
e
lec
tr
icity,
c
ompar
e
d
to
the
t
r
a
dit
ional
HI
D
lamp,
but
it
c
a
n
br
ing
a
lm
os
t
identica
l
i
ll
umi
na
ti
on
dis
tr
ibut
ion
r
e
ga
r
dles
s
of
on
boa
t
o
r
wa
ter
.
T
he
c
omput
a
ti
on
take
s
a
c
c
ou
nt
of
li
gh
t
a
bs
or
pti
on
of
s
e
a
wa
ter
,
s
e
a
wa
ter
s
ur
f
a
c
e
r
e
f
lec
ti
vit
y,
a
nd
the
li
ght
s
pe
c
tr
um,
thenitpr
oduc
e
s
the
da
ta
of
the
unde
r
wa
ter
li
ght
il
lum
ination
dis
tr
ibut
ion
a
t
o
ne
-
mete
r
de
pth.
Af
ter
a
na
lyz
ing
the
a
tt
a
ined
r
e
s
ult
s
,
we
c
a
n
f
ind
that
the
nove
l
f
is
hing/
wor
king
L
E
D
lamps
g
e
t
91%
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
in
the
s
e
a
wa
ter
t
r
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion,
7%
higher
than
the
r
e
s
ult
o
f
tr
a
dit
ional
H
I
D
f
is
hing
lamp
(
84
%
)
.
T
he
s
im
ulate
d
da
ta
of
thes
e
lamps
a
r
e
a
ll
indi
c
a
ted
in
T
a
ble
2
.
T
a
ble
2.
C
ompar
is
on
of
the
li
ghti
ng
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
s
be
twe
e
n
the
nove
l
L
E
D
f
is
hing
lamps
a
nd
the
tr
a
dit
ional
H
I
D
f
is
hing
lamps
f
or
the
f
is
hing
bo
a
t
L
a
mp
s
ys
te
ms
P
ow
e
r
(
W
)
B
oa
r
d (
lu
x)
S
e
a
-
s
ur
f
a
c
e
(
lu
x)
U
nde
r
w
a
te
r
(
lu
x)
E
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
(
%
)
LED
la
mps
13500
3065
1639
1315
91
H
I
D
l
a
mps
40000
2992
1768
1438
84
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
De
s
ign
of
fr
e
e
for
m
lens
for
W
L
E
Ds
on
the
fi
s
hing
boat
(
N
guy
e
n
T
hi
P
huong
L
oan
)
1559
M
or
e
ove
r
,
the
dis
tr
ibut
ion
of
il
lum
ination
on
the
b
oa
r
ds
is
s
im
il
a
r
in
thes
e
two
c
a
s
e
s
,
a
s
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
in
F
igur
e
10.
As
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
in
F
igur
e
11,
the
c
ompar
i
s
on
be
twe
e
n
the
il
lum
ination
dis
tr
ibut
ion
on
the
s
e
a
-
s
ur
f
a
c
e
of
two
s
e
ts
of
li
ghti
ng
s
ys
tem
is
c
lea
r
ly
dis
playe
d.
T
he
r
e
s
ult
s
im
ply
that
both
the
a
ngle
of
il
lu
mi
na
ti
on
dis
tr
ibut
ion
a
nd
the
a
ve
r
a
ge
il
lum
ination
o
f
the
L
E
D
s
e
ts
a
r
e
s
maller
than
thos
e
of
the
H
I
D
s
e
ts
.
How
e
ve
r
,
the
de
viat
ions
a
r
e
ins
igni
f
ica
nt.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
we
c
a
n
a
ga
in
c
onf
i
r
m
the
e
f
f
icie
nc
y
of
the
pr
opos
e
d
L
E
D
li
g
ht
a
nd
it
s
a
bil
it
y
in
f
is
h
s
hoa
ls
’
a
tt
r
a
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
,
whic
h
br
ings
mor
e
be
ne
f
it
s
than
the
tr
a
dit
ional
one
.
F
igur
e
10.
T
he
dis
tr
ibut
ion
of
il
lum
ination
on
the
boa
r
d
of
the
30
s
e
ts
of
the
450
W
L
E
D
f
is
hing/
wor
king
lamps
(
top)
,
a
nd
the
20
s
e
ts
of
the
2000
W
HI
D
f
is
hing
lamps
(
bott
om
)
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
11.
(
a
)
T
he
dis
tr
ibut
ion
of
il
lum
ination
on
t
he
s
e
a
-
s
ur
f
a
c
e
f
or
the
30
s
e
ts
of
the
450
W
L
E
D
f
is
hing/
wor
king
lamps
a
nd
(
b)
the
20
s
e
ts
of
the
20
00
W
HI
D
f
is
hing
lamps
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
T
his
s
tudy
of
f
e
r
s
a
de
tailed
method
f
or
de
s
igni
ng
a
nove
l
f
r
e
e
f
or
m
lens
whic
h
s
e
r
ve
s
the
pur
pos
e
of
L
E
D
f
is
hing/
wor
king
.
T
he
Ga
us
s
ian
de
c
ompos
it
ion
is
e
mpl
oye
d
to
dis
playe
d
the
L
I
DC
o
f
L
F
W
L
lens
.
T
hr
ough
our
e
xpe
r
i
menta
l
r
e
s
ult
s
,
the
tr
a
dit
io
na
l
HI
D
f
is
hin
g
lamp
c
a
n
be
e
a
s
il
y
r
e
plac
e
d
by
the
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
3
,
J
une
2020:
1553
-
1560
1560
f
is
hing/
wor
king
lamp
s
e
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r
gr
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nt
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-
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01
-
2018.
RE
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E
RE
NC
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S
[1
]
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h
N
.
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.
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[4
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[5
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[7
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[8
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[9
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[1
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.
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.
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ee
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[1
3
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o
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g
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.
J
.
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.
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[1
4
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at
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.
R
.
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et
al
.
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“
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ared
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aramet
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[1
5
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h
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g
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.
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.
,
Su
rman
P
.
,
an
d
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u
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.
H.
,
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l
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[1
6
]
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p
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.
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.
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d
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y
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,
“
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ev
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[1
7
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.
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.
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.
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[1
8
]
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ey
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.
K
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.
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l
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.
[1
9
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.
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.
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d
L
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n
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.
S
.
,
“
Imp
ro
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[2
0
]
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o
má
s
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.
,
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d
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ras
a
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.
,
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