T
E
L
K
O
M
NIKA
T
elec
o
mm
un
ica
t
io
n,
Co
m
pu
t
ing
,
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2020
,
p
p
.
1
8
4
3
~
1
8
4
8
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
,
ac
cr
ed
ited
First Gr
ad
e
b
y
Ke
m
e
n
r
is
te
k
d
i
k
ti,
Dec
r
ee
No
: 2
1
/E/KPT
/2
0
1
8
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
.
v
1
8
i
4
.
1
5
7
0
3
1843
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//jo
u
r
n
a
l.u
a
d
.
a
c.
id
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/TELK
OM
N
I
K
A
UFMC sy
ste
m
pe
rfor
m
a
n
ce i
m
p
ro
v
e
m
en
t
using
RS
co
des for
5
G
co
mm
unica
tio
n sy
ste
m
G
ha
s
a
n Al
i H
us
s
a
i
n
1
,
L
u
k
ma
n Auda
h
2
1
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ku
f
a
,
I
ra
q
1,
2
W
irele
ss
a
n
d
Ra
d
io
S
c
ien
c
e
Ce
n
tre (W
A
R
A
S
),
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
O
n
n
M
a
lay
sia
,
M
a
la
y
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
an
3
0
,
2
0
2
0
R
ev
i
s
ed
Ma
r
1
7
,
2
0
2
0
A
cc
ep
ted
Ma
r
3
0
,
2
0
2
0
F
if
th
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
(5
G
)
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
is
e
x
p
e
c
ted
to
b
e
d
e
p
lo
y
e
d
in
se
v
e
r
a
l
c
o
u
n
tri
e
s
b
y
2
0
2
0
.
W
h
e
re
,
th
e
d
a
ta
c
o
n
su
m
p
ti
o
n
s
a
re
e
x
p
e
c
ted
to
b
e
in
c
re
a
se
d
to
3
0
%
t
h
u
s,
it
c
a
n
n
o
t
b
e
su
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
p
re
se
n
t
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
i
e
s
3
G
a
n
d
4
G
.
In
c
o
n
tras
t,
l
o
o
k
in
g
f
o
r
n
e
w
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
o
f
o
rth
o
g
o
n
a
l
f
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
iv
isio
n
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
(OFDM
)
sy
ste
m
w
h
ich
is
su
ff
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
h
ig
h
p
e
a
k
to
a
v
e
ra
g
e
p
o
w
e
r
ra
ti
o
(
P
A
P
R)
a
n
d
o
u
t
o
f
b
a
n
d
(
OO
B)
sid
e
lo
b
e
s
a
re
n
e
e
d
e
d
to
u
se
in
5
G
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
st
e
m
.
He
n
c
e
,
un
iv
e
r
sa
l
f
il
tere
d
m
u
lt
i
-
c
a
rrier
(UFM
C)
is
c
o
n
sid
e
re
d
a
s
a
lt
e
rn
a
ti
v
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
to
o
v
e
rc
o
m
e
o
f
OFDM
d
isa
d
v
a
n
tag
e
s.
In
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
c
o
d
in
g
i
s
c
o
n
sid
e
re
d
v
it
a
l
p
a
rt,
w
h
e
re
e
rro
r
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
c
o
d
e
s
(ECC)
a
re
u
se
d
to
d
e
tec
t
a
n
d
c
o
rre
c
t
th
e
e
rro
rs
w
h
ich
is
o
c
c
u
rrin
g
in
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
n
o
ise
.
In
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r,
RS
c
o
d
e
s
a
re
su
g
g
e
ste
d
w
it
h
UFM
C
sy
ste
m
to
a
c
h
iev
e
th
e
re
li
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
tran
sm
issio
n
o
v
e
r
n
o
isy
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls.
T
h
e
re
su
lt
s
sh
o
w
e
d
th
a
t
a
lt
h
o
u
g
h
,
t
h
e
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
P
A
P
R
lev
e
l
s
f
o
r
u
sin
g
RS
c
o
d
e
s
i
n
UFM
C
in
c
re
a
se
d
to
8
.
8
6
5
3
d
B
a
g
a
in
st
6
.
9
7
3
5
d
B
f
o
r
O
F
DM
sy
ste
m
.
Ho
we
v
e
r,
th
e
re
a
re
sig
n
if
ica
n
t
im
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
ts
in
BER
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
w
in
g
to
u
se
RS
c
o
d
e
s
a
g
a
in
st
u
n
c
o
d
e
d
-
UFM
C
sy
ste
m
.
F
u
rth
e
rm
o
re
,
th
e
v
a
lu
e
s
o
f
OO
B
in
UF
M
C
s
y
ste
m
w
a
s lo
w
e
r
th
a
n
OFDM
sy
ste
m
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
OFDM
OOB
E
P
A
P
R
RS
UFMC
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
L
u
k
m
a
n
A
u
d
a
h
,
Facu
lt
y
o
f
E
lectr
ical
a
n
d
E
lect
r
o
n
ic
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
Un
i
v
er
s
iti T
u
n
H
u
s
s
ei
n
On
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
,
P
ar
it R
aj
a,
8
6
4
0
0
B
atu
P
ah
at,
J
o
h
o
r
,
M
alay
s
ia.
E
m
ail:
h
an
if
@
u
th
m
.
ed
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
W
ith
in
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
em
a
n
d
f
o
r
Gb
p
s
d
ata
r
ate
an
d
co
m
b
in
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
u
s
er
s
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
a
n
e
w
f
i
f
t
h
g
e
n
er
atio
n
(
5
G)
r
ad
io
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
a
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tl
y
n
ee
d
e
d
in
f
u
tu
r
e
w
ir
eles
s
n
et
w
o
r
k
[
1
]
.
W
h
er
e,
it
is
ex
p
e
cted
th
at
5
G
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
co
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
ig
h
er
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
b
etter
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
f
aster
a
n
d
lar
g
er
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
ca
p
ac
it
y
[
2
]
.
5
G
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
i
s
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
in
s
ev
er
al
co
u
n
tr
ies
b
y
2
0
2
0
.
W
h
er
e,
th
e
d
ata
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
s
ar
e
an
ticip
ated
to
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
3
0
%
th
u
s
,
it
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
3
G
an
d
4
G.
So
,
it
is
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
to
r
o
llo
u
t
5
G
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
to
b
e
tak
e
a
p
lace
in
all
ar
o
u
n
d
o
f
t
h
e
w
o
r
ld
[
3
,
4
]
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
g
en
er
at
io
n
s
,
it
co
u
ld
b
e
o
f
f
er
in
g
h
i
g
h
er
d
ata
r
ate,
it
also
d
ea
lin
g
w
ith
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ter
m
i
n
als
an
d
u
n
co
u
n
ted
e
m
er
g
i
n
g
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
w
i
th
s
e
v
er
al
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
[
5
]
.
N
o
w
a
d
ay
s
,
o
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
d
i
v
i
s
i
o
n
m
u
l
ti
p
l
ex
in
g
(
OF
DM
)
is
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
a
m
a
jo
r
d
a
t
a
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
in
w
i
r
e
le
s
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ic
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
em
s
,
d
u
e
to
it
s
i
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
ag
ai
n
s
t
i
n
ter
-
s
y
m
b
o
l i
n
te
r
f
er
en
ce
s
(
I
SI)
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2020:
1
8
4
3
-
1
8
4
8
1844
m
u
ltip
at
h
f
ad
i
n
g
t
h
u
s
,
th
e
m
o
d
er
n
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
m
a
k
e
t
h
e
OFDM
i
s
h
ig
h
l
y
f
a
m
o
u
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Hen
ce
,
it
i
s
u
tili
ze
d
i
n
I
E
E
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
(
W
I
-
FI)
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
f
o
u
r
th
g
e
n
er
a
tio
n
(
4
)
L
T
E
/L
T
E
-
A
[
6
]
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
,
OFDM
h
a
v
e
all
th
ese
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
s
b
u
t,
it
is
s
u
f
f
er
in
g
f
r
o
m
P
ea
k
to
A
v
er
a
g
e
P
o
w
er
R
atio
(
P
A
P
R
)
w
h
ic
h
ca
u
s
ed
lo
w
p
o
w
er
a
m
p
li
f
ir
er
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
a
n
d
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
b
atter
y
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
OF
DM
h
as
an
o
th
er
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
n
a
m
e
l
y
h
i
g
h
o
u
t
-
of
-
b
a
n
d
(
OO
B
)
s
id
e
lo
b
es
w
h
ic
h
r
es
u
lted
o
f
lo
w
er
s
p
ec
tr
al
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
.
So
,
lo
o
k
in
g
f
o
r
n
e
w
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
ab
le
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
ese
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
ar
e
n
e
ed
ed
to
u
s
e
i
n
5
G
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
[
7
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
m
u
lt
i
ca
r
r
ier
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
m
eth
o
d
n
a
m
e
l
y
u
n
iv
er
s
al
f
ilter
ed
m
u
lti
-
ca
r
r
ier
(
UFMC
)
h
as
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
i
n
[
8
]
as
a
l
ter
n
ati
v
e
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
o
f
OF
DM
d
is
ad
v
an
ta
g
es.
W
h
er
e,
it
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
OOB
s
id
e
lo
b
e
lev
el
th
r
o
u
g
h
u
s
in
g
it a
f
ilter
i
n
g
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
y
e
x
p
lain
ed
t
h
at
UFM
C
s
y
s
t
e
m
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
th
e
OFD
M
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
th
u
s
,
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
UF
MC
s
c
h
e
m
e
as
co
n
te
n
d
er
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
f
u
t
u
r
e
5
G
w
ir
ele
s
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
al
to
,
5
G
o
f
m
o
b
ile
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
s
id
er
s
UFM
C
f
o
r
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
ai
n
tai
n
t
h
e
m
er
its
o
f
OFDM
w
h
ile
a
v
o
id
s
its
d
e
m
er
its
[
9
,
1
0
]
.
W
h
er
e,
UFMC
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
O
FD
M
i
n
ea
c
h
o
f
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
n
d
ti
m
e
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
izatio
n
er
r
o
r
s
w
h
ile
it
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
eg
r
ad
ed
w
h
e
n
d
ela
y
s
p
r
ea
d
lo
w
er
th
a
n
ce
r
tain
v
al
u
e
[
9
]
.
Hen
ce
,
UF
MC
is
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
ten
d
er
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
u
p
co
m
i
n
g
5
G
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
o
w
in
g
to
co
m
b
ati
n
g
m
u
lti
-
u
s
er
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
a
n
d
s
h
o
r
t
b
u
r
s
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
1
1
]
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
UFMC
h
as
r
o
b
u
s
t
n
es
s
v
er
s
u
s
ea
ch
o
f
in
ter
-
ca
r
r
ier
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
(
I
C
I
)
an
d
in
ter
-
s
y
m
b
o
l
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
(
I
SI)
as
w
e
ll it is ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
lo
w
late
n
c
y
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
c
h
an
n
el
co
d
in
g
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
v
ital
p
ar
t,
w
h
er
e
er
r
o
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
co
d
es
(
E
C
C
)
ar
e
u
s
i
n
g
to
d
etec
t
an
d
co
r
r
ec
t
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
w
h
ic
h
is
o
c
cu
r
r
in
g
in
c
h
an
n
el
n
o
i
s
e
[
1
3
]
.
Hen
ce
,
in
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
(
B
E
R
)
w
ill
b
e
h
ig
h
w
it
h
o
u
t
u
s
i
n
g
f
o
r
w
ar
d
er
r
o
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
(
FEC)
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
an
d
d
o
esn
'
t
m
ee
t
it
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
So
,
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
f
u
l
FE
C
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
k
e
y
m
e
th
o
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
s
en
s
it
iv
i
t
y
[
1
4
]
.
So
,
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
in
d
ig
ita
l
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
v
er
n
o
is
y
c
h
an
n
el
s
,
E
C
C
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
ess
e
n
tial
i
s
s
u
e
[
1
5
]
.
W
h
er
e,
s
ev
er
al
E
C
C
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
ested
i
n
4
G
s
u
c
h
as
tu
r
b
o
,
L
DP
C
,
co
n
v
o
l
u
tio
n
al,
B
C
H
an
d
R
S
co
d
es
[
1
6
-
2
0
]
an
d
in
5
G
s
u
ch
as
L
DP
C
,
t
u
r
b
o
,
p
o
lar
an
d
co
n
v
o
lu
t
io
n
al
[
2
1
]
an
d
B
C
H
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
r
ee
d
s
o
lo
m
o
n
(
R
S)
co
d
es
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
i
n
w
ir
eles
s
an
d
o
p
tical
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
w
in
g
to
its
s
tr
o
n
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
i
n
co
r
r
ec
tin
g
b
o
th
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
a
n
d
b
u
r
s
t
er
r
o
r
s
[
1
4
]
.
W
h
er
e,
u
s
in
g
R
S
co
d
es
(
h
ar
d
-
d
ec
is
io
n
d
ec
o
d
in
g
(
HD
D)
)
w
h
ic
h
c
h
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
lo
w
d
ec
o
d
in
g
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
in
d
o
w
n
l
in
k
L
T
E
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
b
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
R
S
co
d
es c
o
u
ld
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
B
E
R
m
o
r
e
th
an
b
o
th
tu
r
b
o
an
d
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
a
l c
o
d
es [
2
0
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
R
S
co
d
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
i
n
UFM
C
s
y
s
t
e
m
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
i
n
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
b
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
B
E
R
an
d
th
u
s
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
it
as
co
n
ten
d
er
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
5
G
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
o
w
i
n
g
to
its
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es.
T
h
e
r
es
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
er
is
ar
r
an
g
ed
as
f
o
llo
win
g
;
t
h
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
S
co
d
es
in
UFMC
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
ex
p
lain
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
W
h
ile,
s
ec
tio
n
3
is
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lts
a
n
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
h
a
s
b
ee
n
last
l
y
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
s
ec
ti
o
n
4
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
S
co
d
es
w
i
th
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
d
iag
r
a
m
h
a
s
b
ee
n
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
an
d
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
w
h
er
ea
s
,
T
a
b
le
1
is
d
ep
icted
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
th
at
u
s
ed
in
th
i
s
p
ap
er
.
W
h
er
e,
5
MH
z
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
64
-
QA
M
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
an
d
R
S
(
7.
1
)
e
r
r
o
r
co
r
r
ec
t
io
n
co
d
e
ar
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
all
o
f
OFDM,
f
-
OFDM
a
n
d
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
c
o
m
p
ar
i
n
g
all
o
f
th
e
s
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
u
n
d
er
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
th
e
r
e
m
ai
n
in
g
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
f
o
r
each
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
tab
le.
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
is
d
iv
id
th
e
w
h
o
le
b
an
d
to
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
s
,
an
d
th
ese
s
u
b
-
b
a
n
d
s
w
il
l
b
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
in
d
iv
id
u
al
l
y
an
d
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
m
h
av
e
a
f
ix
ed
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
c
o
n
tr
ast,
th
e
N
-
p
o
in
t
in
v
er
s
e
f
as
t
f
o
u
r
ier
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
I
FF
T
)
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
(
Xi)
o
f
ea
ch
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
to
ti
m
e
d
o
m
ain
(
x
i)
as f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
:
Y
l
=
I
F
F
T
{x
i
}
Af
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
I
FF
T
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
ev
en
t
th
e
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
ca
r
r
ier
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
A
ll
o
f
th
e
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
w
i
ll
b
e
f
ilter
ed
b
y
b
an
d
f
ilter
.
W
h
ile,
a
C
h
eb
y
s
h
ev
f
ilter
h
as
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
as
B
an
d
f
ilter
i
n
UFM
C
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
f
il
ter
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
OOB
e
m
is
s
io
n
f
o
r
s
u
itab
l
e
d
esig
n
o
f
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
d
ata
th
at
co
m
e
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
h
an
n
el
w
ill
b
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
o
n
2
N
p
o
in
t
FF
T
in
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
an
d
in
s
er
t
in
ter
v
al
g
u
ar
d
o
f
ze
r
o
s
am
o
n
g
s
u
c
ce
s
s
i
v
e
I
FF
T
s
y
m
b
o
ls
to
co
m
b
a
t
I
SI
o
w
i
n
g
to
tr
an
s
m
itter
f
i
lter
d
ela
y
[
2
3
]
.
I
n
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
R
S
co
d
es
ar
e
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
in
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
d
i
g
ital
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
co
r
r
ec
tin
g
b
u
r
s
t
er
r
o
r
s
.
I
t
is
a
ty
p
e
o
f
li
n
ea
r
b
lo
ck
co
d
es.
W
h
er
e,
(
n
-
k
+1
)
is
th
e
d
is
tan
c
e
b
et
w
ee
n
an
y
co
d
e
w
o
r
d
R
S
(
n
,
k
)
co
d
e
an
d
HDD
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
h
av
e
a
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
co
r
r
ec
tin
g
[
(
n
-
k
)
/2
]
er
r
o
r
s
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
o
th
er
w
o
r
d
,
R
S c
o
d
e
is
a
n
o
n
-
b
i
n
ar
y
c
y
clic
co
d
e
w
i
th
s
y
m
b
o
ls
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
m
-
b
it
s
eq
u
e
n
c
es,
w
h
er
e
[
2
5
]
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
UF
MC
s
y
s
tem
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
i
mp
r
o
ve
men
t u
s
in
g
R
S
c
o
d
es fo
r
…
(
Gh
a
s
a
n
A
li Hu
s
s
a
in
)
1845
0
<
k
<
n < 2
m
+
2
w
h
er
e,
m
is
an
y
p
o
s
it
iv
e
in
te
g
er
n
u
m
b
er
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
2
,
n
is
r
ep
r
esen
ti
n
g
th
e
co
d
e
s
y
m
b
o
ls
o
f
en
co
d
ed
b
lo
ck
an
d
k
is
d
ata
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
th
at
w
i
ll
b
e
en
co
d
ed
.
Hen
ce
,
R
S
(
n
,
k)
as f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
[
2
5
]
:
(
n,k
)
=
(
2
m
-
1
,
2
m
-
1
-
2
t)
w
h
er
e,
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
co
r
r
ec
tin
g
s
y
m
b
o
l
er
r
o
r
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
d
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
t,
an
d
2
t=(
n
-
k
)
w
h
ich
i
s
ca
lled
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ar
it
y
s
y
m
b
o
ls
[
2
5
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
R
S
(
7
,
1
)
co
d
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
R
S
co
d
es
w
i
th
UF
MC
s
y
s
te
m
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
h
ils
t,
th
e
UFMC
s
y
s
te
m
h
av
e
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
r
ed
u
cin
g
OO
B
E
lev
els.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
S c
o
d
es
w
it
h
U
FMC
s
y
s
te
m
d
ia
g
r
a
m
T
ab
le
1
.
Sim
u
latio
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
T
r
a
n
smissi
o
n
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
M
H
z
)
5
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
F
F
T
p
o
i
n
t
s
5
1
2
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
64
-
Q
A
M
Er
r
o
r
C
o
r
r
e
c
t
i
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
R
S
(
7
,
1
)
C
o
d
e
s
N
o
.
o
f
O
c
c
u
p
i
e
d
S
u
b
-
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
3
0
0
O
F
D
M
C
y
c
l
i
c
P
r
e
f
i
x
L
e
n
g
t
h
36
Ty
p
e
R
R
C
W
i
n
d
o
w
e
d
-
S
i
n
c
f
-
O
F
D
M
R
o
l
l
-
o
f
f
f
a
c
t
o
r
(
α)
0
.
6
L
e
n
g
t
h
5
1
3
S
u
b
b
a
n
d
o
f
f
se
t
1
5
6
U
F
M
C
F
i
l
t
e
r
l
e
n
g
t
h
43
S
i
d
e
l
o
b
e
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
04
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
i
n
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
w
ill b
e
s
i
m
u
lated
b
y
M
A
T
L
A
B
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
a
n
d
it w
ill
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
t
o
3
p
ar
ts
,
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
is
d
is
cu
s
s
i
n
g
th
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
u
n
co
d
ed
-
UFMC
ag
a
in
s
t
R
S
co
d
es
w
it
h
UFMC
s
y
s
te
m
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
w
i
th
OFD
M
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
is
c
o
n
s
id
e
r
ed
as
a
co
r
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
4
G.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
th
f
-
OFD
M
w
h
ic
h
is
a
ca
n
d
id
ate
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
5
G.
W
h
ile,
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
OOB
E
lev
els
b
et
w
ee
n
UFM
C
an
d
OFD
M
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
in
s
ec
o
n
d
p
ar
t.
L
ast
l
y
,
t
h
e
P
A
P
R
le
v
els o
f
b
o
th
OFDM
a
n
d
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
i
s
cu
s
s
ed
in
t
h
ir
d
p
ar
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2020:
1
8
4
3
-
1
8
4
8
1846
Fig
u
r
e
2
,
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
u
n
co
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
ea
ch
o
f
OFDM,
f
-
O
FDM
an
d
UFMC.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at,
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
u
n
-
co
d
ed
UFMC
a
n
d
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
s
o
m
eh
o
w
clo
s
e
to
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
w
h
il
s
t,
u
n
co
d
ed
f
-
O
FDM
s
y
s
te
m
w
a
s
b
etter
th
a
n
b
o
th
o
f
u
n
co
d
ed
UFMC
a
n
d
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
So
,
u
n
co
d
ed
f
-
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
o
th
u
n
co
d
ed
o
f
OFDM
an
d
UFMC
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
I
n
co
n
tr
ast,
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
et
wee
n
u
n
co
d
ed
UFMC
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
S
co
d
es
w
it
h
UFMC
h
as
b
ee
n
d
ep
icted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lts
s
h
o
w
ed
th
e
r
e
ar
e
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
h
av
e
b
ee
n
n
o
ted
w
h
e
n
u
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
S
co
d
e
s
w
it
h
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
a
g
ai
n
s
t
u
n
co
d
ed
-
U
FMC
s
y
s
te
m
.
W
h
e
r
e,
it
is
clea
r
to
s
ee
th
at
th
e
r
ed
c
u
r
v
e
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
w
en
t
to
ze
r
o
at
ar
o
u
n
d
8
d
B
w
h
ile
t
h
e
b
lu
e
cu
r
v
e
o
f
u
n
co
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
w
e
n
t
to
ze
r
o
at
ar
o
u
n
d
2
4
d
B
.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
S
co
d
es
w
it
h
U
FM
C
s
y
s
te
m
ac
h
ie
v
ed
ar
o
u
n
d
1
0
d
B
co
d
in
g
g
ai
n
at
3
x
1
0
-
2
ag
ain
s
t
u
n
co
d
ed
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
So
,
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
R
S
co
d
es
is
co
n
tr
ib
u
t
in
g
i
n
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
t
h
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
UFMC
s
y
s
te
m
a
g
ai
n
s
t u
n
co
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
OFDM,
f
-
O
FDM
an
d
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
W
h
er
ea
s
,
p
o
w
er
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
en
s
it
y
(
P
SD)
o
f
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
v
er
s
u
s
U
FMC
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
b
ee
n
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
W
h
er
e,
2
0
0
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
ier
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
OF
D
M
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ile,
th
e
w
h
o
le
b
an
d
in
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
w
il
l
b
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
1
0
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
s
,
ea
ch
s
u
b
-
b
an
d
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
2
0
s
u
b
-
ca
r
r
i
er
s
w
h
ic
h
h
a
v
e
less
s
id
e
lo
b
es
[
7
]
.
So
,
th
e
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
,
co
u
ld
s
o
lv
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
OF
DM
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
h
er
e
it
m
in
i
m
ize
s
th
e
OOB
E
lev
el
s
.
W
h
er
e,
it
m
in
i
m
izes a
r
o
u
n
d
4
0
d
B
o
f
P
SD
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
OFDM.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
P
A
P
R
lev
el
s
a
m
o
n
g
O
FDM,
UFM
C
an
d
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
S
-
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
tab
le
s
h
o
w
ed
th
a
t
b
o
th
o
f
u
n
co
d
ed
OFDM
an
d
UFMC
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
s
o
m
eh
o
w
clo
s
e
to
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
w
h
il
s
t,
b
y
u
s
i
n
g
R
S
co
d
es
in
UFMC
t
h
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
P
A
P
R
le
v
els
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
to
8
.
8
6
5
3
d
B
a
g
ain
s
t
6
.
9
7
3
5
d
B
f
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
UF
MC
s
y
s
tem
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
i
mp
r
o
ve
men
t u
s
in
g
R
S
c
o
d
es fo
r
…
(
Gh
a
s
a
n
A
li Hu
s
s
a
in
)
1847
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
.
So
,
alth
o
u
g
h
u
s
i
n
g
R
S
co
d
es
in
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
i
n
en
h
an
ci
n
g
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
P
A
P
R
le
v
els ar
e
s
till
h
ig
h
an
d
co
u
ld
n
'
t b
e
s
o
lv
ed
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
S
-
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
.
B
ased
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esu
lt
s
,
d
esp
ite
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
co
u
ld
n
o
t
r
e
d
u
ce
P
A
P
R
lev
els
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
.
Ne
v
er
t
h
eles
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
as
a
n
e
w
co
n
ten
d
er
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
5
G
w
ir
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
as
al
t
er
n
ativ
e
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
o
f
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
,
d
u
e
to
its
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
o
f
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
OOB
E
lev
els
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
f
il
te
r
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
co
n
te
n
ts
o
f
U
FMC
s
y
s
te
m
f
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
i
t
i
s
en
h
an
ci
n
g
t
h
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
o
w
i
n
g
to
u
s
e
R
S c
o
d
es w
it
h
U
FMC
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
P
o
w
er
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
en
s
i
t
y
o
f
OF
DM
s
y
s
te
m
v
er
s
u
s
U
FMC
s
y
s
te
m
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
P
A
P
R
lev
els
O
F
D
M
U
n
c
o
d
e
d
-
U
F
M
C
RS
-
U
F
M
C
P
A
P
R
(
d
B
)
6
.
9
7
3
5
7
.
0
8
3
6
8
.
8
6
5
3
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
R
S
co
d
es
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
in
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
v
er
n
o
i
s
y
c
h
a
n
n
els.
T
h
r
ee
is
s
u
e
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
n
a
m
el
y
:
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
O
OB
E
an
d
P
A
P
R
lev
e
ls
a
n
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
its
r
es
u
lt
s
w
it
h
U
FMC
a
n
d
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
r
es
u
lts
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
i
n
g
R
S
co
d
es
is
s
i
g
n
if
ican
tl
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
ag
ai
n
s
t
u
n
co
d
ed
UFMC
s
y
s
te
m
.
W
h
er
e,
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
S
co
d
es
w
i
th
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
ac
h
i
ev
ed
ar
o
u
n
d
1
0
d
B
co
d
in
g
g
ai
n
at
3
x
1
0
-
2
ag
a
in
s
t
u
n
co
d
ed
s
y
s
te
m
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
t
h
e
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
w
h
er
e
it
co
u
ld
m
i
n
i
m
ize
ar
o
u
n
d
4
0
d
B
o
f
P
S
D
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
,
UFM
C
s
y
s
te
m
ca
n
s
o
l
v
e
t
w
o
i
s
s
u
es
h
o
w
ev
er
,
u
s
in
g
R
S
co
d
es
in
U
FMC
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
in
cr
ea
s
ed
t
h
e
v
alu
es
o
f
P
A
P
R
to
8
.
8
6
5
3
d
B
ag
ain
s
t
6
.
9
7
3
5
d
B
f
o
r
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
.
L
aste
l
y
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
UFMC
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
in
g
R
S
co
d
es
ca
n
b
e
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
as
a
n
e
w
co
n
ten
d
er
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
5
G
wi
r
eless
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
te
m
as a
lter
n
at
iv
e
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
O
FDM
s
y
s
te
m
o
w
i
n
g
to
its
ad
v
an
ta
g
es a
g
ai
n
s
t O
FD
M
s
y
s
te
m
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
th
a
n
k
th
e
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
C
e
n
tr
e
(
R
M
C
)
,
Un
iv
er
s
iti
T
u
n
H
u
s
s
ei
n
On
n
Ma
la
y
s
ia
f
o
r
t
h
e
g
e
n
er
o
u
s
f
i
n
a
n
cial
s
u
p
p
o
r
t u
n
d
er
th
e
R
MC
R
esear
c
h
Fu
n
(
E
1
5
5
0
1
)
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
K.
M
.
Ba
k
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
No
v
e
l
M
e
t
h
o
d
s
o
f
F
il
terin
g
f
o
r
F
BM
C/UF
M
C
Ba
se
d
5
G
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
st
e
m
s,
”
2
0
1
9
7
t
h
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
S
ma
rt Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
&
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
(
ICS
CC),
2
0
1
9
.
[2
]
Y.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
P
A
P
R
Re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
A
lg
o
rit
h
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
S
L
M
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
i
n
UFM
C
S
y
st
e
m
s,
”
2
0
1
8
IEE
E/
CIC
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s in
Ch
i
n
a
(
ICCC W
o
rk
sh
o
p
s),
2
0
1
8
.
[3
]
A
.
Ku
m
a
r
a
n
d
M
.
G
u
p
ta,
“
A
re
v
iew
o
n
a
c
ti
v
it
ies
o
f
f
i
f
th
g
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
,
”
Al
e
x
a
n
d
ri
a
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
J
o
u
rn
a
l,
v
o
l.
5
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
2
5
-
1
1
3
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[4
]
R.
N.
M
it
ra
a
n
d
D.
P
.
A
g
ra
w
a
l,
“
5
G
m
o
b
il
e
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
:
A
su
rv
e
y
,
"
ICT
Exp
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
1
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
-
1
3
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
K.
Zerh
o
u
n
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
On
t
h
e
c
y
c
lo
sta
ti
o
n
a
rit
y
o
f
Un
iv
e
rs
a
l
F
il
tere
d
M
u
lt
i
-
Ca
rrier
UFM
C,
”
AEU
-
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
8
9
,
p
p
.
1
7
4
-
1
8
0
,
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
R.
T
.
Ka
m
u
rth
i
a
n
d
S
.
R.
c
h
o
p
ra
,
"
Re
v
i
e
w
o
f
UFM
C
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
i
n
5
G
,
"
2
0
1
8
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
telli
g
e
n
t
Circ
u
it
s a
n
d
S
y
ste
ms
(
ICICS
)
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
P
.
N
.
Ra
n
i
a
n
d
Ch
.
S
.
Ra
n
i
,
"
UFM
C:
T
h
e
5
G
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,
"
2
0
1
6
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
I
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
in
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
(
ICCIC
),
2
0
1
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
L
KOM
NI
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l
C
o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
8
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
2020:
1
8
4
3
-
1
8
4
8
1848
[8
]
V
,
V
a
k
il
ian
,
T
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Un
iv
e
rsa
l
-
f
il
tere
d
m
u
lt
i
-
c
a
rrier
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
w
irele
s
s
s
y
ste
m
s
b
e
y
o
n
d
L
T
E,
"
2
0
1
3
IEE
E
Glo
b
e
c
o
m W
o
rk
sh
o
p
s (
GC W
k
sh
p
s),
2
0
1
3
.
[
9
]
C
h
.
D
.
M
.
A
m
b
a
t
a
l
i
a
n
d
J
.
J
.
S
.
M
a
r
c
i
a
n
o
,
"
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
U
F
M
C
s
c
h
e
m
e
u
n
d
e
r
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
i
m
p
a
i
r
m
e
n
t
s
,
"
2
0
1
6
I
E
E
E
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
a
n
d
S
a
t
e
l
l
i
t
e
(
C
O
M
N
E
T
S
A
T
)
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
F
.
S
c
h
a
ich
a
n
d
T
h
.
W
il
d
,
"
W
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
c
o
n
ten
d
e
rs
f
o
r
5
G
-
OFDM
v
s.
F
BM
C
v
s.
UF
M
C,
"
2
0
1
4
6
t
h
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
s,
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pr
o
c
e
ss
in
g
(
IS
CCS
P),
2
0
1
4
.
[1
1
]
I.
Ba
ig
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
A
L
o
w
P
A
P
R
D
HT
P
re
c
o
d
i
n
g
Ba
se
d
UFM
C
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
5
G
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s,"
2
0
1
9
6
th
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
C
o
n
t
ro
l,
De
c
isio
n
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
(
Co
DIT),
2
0
1
9
.
[1
2
]
R.
S
.
Ya
rra
b
o
t
h
u
a
n
d
U
.
R.
Ne
lak
u
d
it
i
,
"
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
o
f
o
u
t
-
of
-
b
a
n
d
e
m
issio
n
u
sin
g
k
a
ise
r
-
b
e
ss
e
l
f
il
t
e
r
f
o
r
UFM
C
in
5
G
c
e
ll
u
lar co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,"
Ch
in
a
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
i.
1
6
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
1
5
-
2
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
Dh
.
S
h
a
h
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
RS
-
L
DP
C
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
c
o
d
e
f
o
r
h
ig
h
S
NR ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,"
2
0
1
5
2
n
d
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
In
te
g
ra
ted
Ne
tw
o
rk
s (
S
PIN)
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
4
]
M
.
Ch
e
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
BER
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
Re
a
l
-
T
i
m
e
DD
O
-
O
F
DM
S
y
ste
m
s
U
sin
g
In
terle
a
v
e
d
Re
e
d
–
S
o
l
o
m
o
n
Co
d
e
s,"
IEE
E
P
h
o
to
n
ics
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
4
–
1
0
1
7
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
5
]
D.
Jo
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Bli
n
d
Re
c
o
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
o
f
BCH
Co
d
e
s
Ba
se
d
o
n
C
o
n
se
c
u
ti
v
e
Ro
o
ts
o
f
G
e
n
e
ra
to
r
P
o
ly
n
o
m
ials,"
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
2
2
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
8
9
4
-
8
9
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
6
]
L
.
Ya
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
P
a
rti
a
ll
y
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
-
Co
u
p
led
T
u
rb
o
Co
d
e
s
f
o
r
L
T
E
S
y
ste
m
s,"
IEE
E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
6
6
,
n
o
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
4
3
8
1
–
4
3
9
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
7
]
I.
Bh
u
rtah
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
En
h
a
n
c
in
g
th
e
e
rro
r
-
c
o
rre
c
ti
n
g
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
L
DP
C
c
o
d
e
s
f
o
r
LT
E
a
n
d
W
iF
i,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
Co
m
mu
n
ica
t
io
n
&
Au
to
ma
t
io
n
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
8
]
L
.
L
.
f
u
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Re
se
a
rc
h
a
n
d
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
V
it
e
rb
i
d
e
c
o
d
i
n
g
in
T
D
-
LT
E
s
y
ste
m
,
"
2
0
1
7
IE
EE
2
n
d
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic a
n
d
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
(
IAE
AC),
2
0
1
7
.
[1
9
]
G
h
.
A
.
Hu
ss
a
in
a
n
d
L
.
A
u
d
a
h
,
"
Do
w
n
li
n
k
LT
E
S
y
ste
m
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
I
m
p
ro
v
e
m
e
n
t
b
y
Us
in
g
BCH
Co
d
e
s
o
v
e
r
LT
E
-
M
IM
O Ch
a
n
n
e
l
,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
I
n
teg
ra
ted
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
9
5
-
1
0
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
0
]
G
h
.
A
.
Hu
ss
a
in
a
n
d
L
.
A
u
d
a
h
,
"
RS
Co
d
e
s
f
o
r
D
o
w
n
li
n
k
L
T
E
S
y
ste
m
o
v
e
r
L
T
E
-
M
IM
O
Ch
a
n
n
e
l,
"
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
n
tro
l,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
5
6
3
-
2
5
6
9
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
1
]
Z.
R.
M
.
Ha
ji
y
a
t,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Ch
a
n
n
e
l
Co
d
i
n
g
S
c
h
e
m
e
f
o
r
5
G
M
o
b
il
e
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
S
h
o
rt
L
e
n
g
th
M
e
ss
a
g
e
T
ra
n
s
m
issio
n
,
"
W
ire
les
s P
e
rs
o
n
a
l
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
0
6
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
7
7
–
4
0
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
2
]
G
h
.
A
.
Hu
ss
a
in
a
n
d
L
.
A
u
d
a
h,
"
BCH c
o
d
e
s f
o
r
5
G
w
irel
e
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s o
v
e
r
m
u
lt
ip
a
th
f
a
d
in
g
c
h
a
n
n
e
l"
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
1
0
-
3
1
6
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
3
]
P
.
N.
Ra
n
i
a
n
d
Ch
.
S
.
Ra
n
i
,
"
UFM
C:
T
h
e
5
G
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
,
"
2
0
1
6
I
EE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
t
a
ti
o
n
a
l
I
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
t
in
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
(
ICCIC),
2
0
1
6
.
[2
4
]
Z.
Ya
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
A
L
o
w
-
Co
m
p
lex
it
y
RS
De
c
o
d
e
r
f
o
r
T
rip
le
-
Err
o
r
-
Co
rre
c
ti
n
g
RS
Co
d
e
s,"
2
0
1
9
IEE
E
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
o
c
iety
An
n
u
a
l
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
VL
S
I
(
IS
VL
S
I)
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
5
]
A
.
S
.
S
a
n
g
h
v
i,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
Re
e
d
-
S
o
lo
m
o
n
Co
d
e
s
i
n
A
WGN
Ch
a
n
n
e
l,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
5
9
-
2
6
6
,
2
0
1
1
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
G
h
a
sa
n
A.
H
u
ss
a
i
n
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
P
h
D
stu
d
e
n
t
i
n
U
n
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
sin
c
e
2
0
1
7
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
f
ro
m
A
l
f
a
tah
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
T
rip
o
li
/L
ib
y
a
in
2
0
0
3
.
Hu
ss
ian
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
M
a
ste
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
P
u
tra
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
1
3
.
S
in
c
e
2
0
0
6
,
h
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
w
it
h
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ku
f
a
,
Ira
q
,
w
h
e
re
h
e
is
n
o
w
a
lec
tu
re
r.
His
re
s
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,
M
o
b
il
e
s
y
ste
m
s,
LT
E
a
n
d
Err
o
r
C
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s.
He
h
a
s
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
p
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
jo
u
rn
a
ls i
n
h
is f
ield
.
Lu
k
m
a
n
A
u
d
a
h
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
BS
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
M
a
la
y
sia
,
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
l
a
y
sia
,
in
2
0
0
5
,
a
n
d
h
is
M
S
a
n
d
P
h
D
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
a
n
d
so
f
tw
a
re
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
S
u
rre
y
,
Un
it
e
d
K
in
g
d
o
m
,
in
2
0
0
7
a
n
d
2
0
1
3
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
S
in
c
e
2
0
1
4
,
h
e
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
w
it
h
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
la
y
sia
,
Jo
h
o
r,
M
a
lay
sia
,
w
h
e
re
h
e
is
n
o
w
a
S
e
n
i
o
r
lec
tu
re
r.
His
m
a
in
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
a
r
e
w
irele
ss
a
n
d
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
In
ter
n
e
t
t
ra
f
f
ic
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
y
ste
m
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t,
d
a
ta se
c
u
rit
y
,
a
n
d
sa
telli
te co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.