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di
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c
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i
d
1.
I
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TR
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TI
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G
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a
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y,
t
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m
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p
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[1
,
2]
.
T
h
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m
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y
t
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c
uri
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a
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t
pr
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t
,
pa
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a
re
on
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he
popu
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a
r
a
ut
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
on
m
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t
hods
[
3
-
5]
.
U
s
u
a
l
l
y,
t
he
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s
of
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p
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us
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t
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h
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know
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h
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n
a
m
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of
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s
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re
n
t
s
[6
,
7]
.
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a
s
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a
t
t
a
c
k
a
nd
brut
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forc
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a
t
t
a
c
ks
[
8,
9]
.
H
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r,
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h
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s
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h
ni
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e
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ra
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(
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x
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[3]
.
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].
A
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D
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A
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v
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ra
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probl
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K
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s
a
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r
from
t
h
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us
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r
of
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s
ys
t
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m
[6,
1
1,
12]
.
T
he
pur
pos
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of
K
D
A
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s
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s
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r
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oft
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bro
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by
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pons
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bl
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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[3,
6]
.
K
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Bi
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A
)
[3
,
6
,
1
3].
A
nd
e
v
e
ry
pe
rs
on
fa
c
e
,
fi
nge
r
pri
n
t
s
,
a
n
d
h
a
bi
t
s
c
a
n
not
b
e
i
m
i
t
a
t
e
d
b
y
ot
h
e
rs
(on
e
of
t
he
h
a
b
i
t
s
i
s
t
yp
i
ng
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
rs
us
i
ng
t
h
e
ke
yboa
rd
or
K
D
A
)
.
T
hi
s
a
l
s
o
s
h
ow
s
t
h
a
t
t
he
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
K
D
A
t
o
a
s
ys
t
e
m
i
s
v
e
ry
s
a
fe
[14]
.
T
he
n
,
t
he
m
a
i
n
re
a
s
on
f
or
us
i
ng
K
D
A
i
n
t
hi
s
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
s
t
h
a
t
i
t
doe
s
not
re
q
ui
r
e
e
xpe
ns
i
ve
c
os
t
s
(l
ow
c
os
t
s
)
a
nd
do
e
s
no
t
ne
e
d
a
ny
a
d
di
t
i
ona
l
d
e
vi
c
e
s
[1
4
-
16]
(on
l
y
us
e
s
t
he
k
e
ybo
a
rd)
.
T
hi
s
di
ff
e
r
e
nt
i
a
t
e
s
K
D
A
w
i
t
h
a
not
he
r
Bi
om
e
t
r
i
c
A
ut
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
on
w
h
i
c
h
us
i
ng
a
dd
i
ng
de
v
i
c
e
s
(s
u
c
h
a
s
fa
c
e
or
fi
nge
rpri
n
t
s
)
[
17]
.
A
no
t
he
r
a
dv
a
nt
a
ge
of
K
D
A
i
s
t
h
a
t
t
he
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
rs
us
e
d
i
n
t
he
p
a
s
s
w
ord
do
no
t
h
a
v
e
t
o
ut
i
l
i
z
e
s
pe
c
i
a
l
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
rs
,
b
ut
c
a
n
us
e
t
h
e
a
l
pha
b
e
t
a
nd
nu
m
e
ri
c
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
rs
[6
,
15].
B
e
c
a
us
e
u
t
i
l
i
z
e
s
t
h
e
K
D
A
m
e
t
hod
,
us
e
rs
w
ho
e
nt
e
r
i
nt
o
t
h
e
s
ys
t
e
m
w
i
l
l
n
ot
r
e
a
l
i
z
e
t
h
a
t
t
he
s
ys
t
e
m
t
he
y
a
r
e
us
i
ng
h
a
s
us
e
d
t
he
K
D
A
m
e
t
hod
for
t
h
e
i
r
a
c
c
ount
s
e
c
uri
t
y
.
T
he
r
e
a
re
K
D
A
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
e
s
t
h
a
t
ut
i
l
i
z
e
t
h
e
S
c
a
l
e
d
M
a
nha
t
t
a
n
m
e
t
ho
d
[3
,
18]
.
T
he
y
ut
i
l
i
z
e
t
he
a
v
e
r
a
ge
i
n
t
he
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
on
duc
t
e
d
.
T
h
e
us
e
of
a
v
e
ra
g
e
s
ha
s
a
w
e
a
kn
e
s
s
fo
r
d
a
t
a
s
t
re
a
m
s
s
uc
h
a
s
K
D
A
i
e
t
he
va
l
ue
do
e
s
no
t
c
ha
nge
w
i
t
h
t
i
m
e
[15]
.
T
ha
t
i
s
,
a
us
e
r'
s
t
ypi
ng
s
pe
e
d
w
i
l
l
c
ha
ng
e
ove
r
t
i
m
e
(
m
a
ybe
fa
s
t
e
r
or
s
l
ow
e
r
de
p
e
nd
i
ng
on
c
e
rt
a
i
n
c
ond
i
t
i
ons
)
.
T
h
e
us
e
of
a
ve
ra
g
e
s
i
s
n
ot
s
u
i
t
a
bl
e
for
t
hi
s
p
robl
e
m
,
s
o
w
e
propos
e
t
he
us
e
o
f
M
e
a
n
of
H
orn
e
r'
s
Rul
e
s
(M
H
R)
w
hi
c
h
c
a
n
a
d
a
pt
t
o
c
ha
nge
s
i
n
v
a
l
u
e
s
ov
e
r
t
i
m
e
.
A
l
s
o
,
by
us
i
ng
M
H
R
on
K
D
A
,
i
t
c
a
n
i
m
pro
ve
a
c
c
u
ra
c
y
i
n
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
fi
c
a
t
i
on
be
t
w
e
e
n
a
t
t
a
c
ke
rs
a
n
d
us
e
rs
r
a
t
h
e
r
t
h
a
n
us
i
ng
a
v
e
ra
g
e
s
[6,
1
5].
S
o
i
n
t
hi
s
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
w
e
w
i
l
l
do
a
c
o
m
bi
n
a
t
i
on
of
t
he
S
c
a
l
e
d
M
a
nh
a
t
t
a
n
m
e
t
hod
a
nd
M
H
R
t
o
i
m
p
rove
a
c
c
ura
c
y
i
n
t
he
c
l
a
s
s
i
fi
c
a
t
i
on
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
a
t
t
a
c
ke
rs
a
n
d
us
e
rs
.
A
nd
,
for
m
ore
d
e
t
a
i
l
s
on
t
he
m
e
t
h
ods
us
e
d,
t
he
fi
n
a
l
re
s
u
l
t
s
a
n
d
d
i
s
c
us
s
i
on
of
t
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
i
n
t
h
e
ne
x
t
c
ha
pt
e
r.
2.
R
ES
EA
R
C
H
M
ET
H
O
D
T
hi
s
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
us
e
s
S
c
a
l
e
d
M
a
nh
a
t
t
a
n
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
[
3,
19]
c
o
m
bi
n
e
d
w
i
t
h
M
e
a
n
of
H
orn
e
r’s
Rul
e
s
(M
H
R)
[
15].
T
h
e
purpos
e
of
t
h
i
s
c
o
m
bi
na
t
i
on
i
s
t
o
i
m
pr
ove
t
h
e
a
c
c
u
ra
c
y
of
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
fi
c
a
t
i
on
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
a
t
t
a
c
ke
rs
a
nd
us
e
rs
.
T
h
i
s
h
a
s
be
e
n
prov
e
n
fro
m
t
he
re
s
u
l
t
s
of
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
fr
om
Cha
ndra
ne
g
a
ra
a
nd
S
um
a
di
[6]
t
ha
t
ut
i
l
i
z
e
a
c
om
bi
n
a
t
i
on
of
M
H
R
a
nd
t
h
e
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
t
he
m
e
t
hods
d
e
ve
l
op
e
d
i
s
i
m
p
rove
d
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
t
o
t
h
e
pr
e
v
i
ous
m
e
t
hod
.
W
he
r
e
t
he
c
l
a
s
s
i
fi
c
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
od
us
e
d
w
i
t
hou
t
M
H
R
produ
c
e
s
a
n
a
c
c
ura
c
y
of
a
pprox
i
m
a
t
e
l
y
75%
a
n
d
w
he
n
c
om
b
i
n
e
d
w
i
t
h
M
H
R
i
t
b
e
c
om
e
s
a
ppr
oxi
m
a
t
e
l
y
93
%
(
i
nc
r
e
a
s
i
ng
by
18
%).
W
hi
l
e
t
he
D
yn
a
m
i
c
K
e
ys
t
rok
e
da
t
a
us
e
d
i
s
d
e
ri
ve
d
fro
m
t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
o
f
K
i
l
l
ourhy
a
nd
M
a
x
i
on
[1
9]
.
F
ol
l
ow
i
ng
i
s
t
he
for
m
ul
a
of
t
he
S
c
a
l
e
d
M
a
nh
a
t
t
a
n
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
m
e
t
hod
[3
,
19
]
:
∅
=
∑
|
,
−
̅
̅
̅
̅
|
/
1
(1)
w
he
re
p
i
s
t
ot
a
l
of
t
ra
i
ni
ng
d
a
t
a
a
nd
n
i
s
a
f
e
a
t
ur
e
of
t
h
e
da
t
a
.
W
h
e
r
e
a
s
f_(p
,
n)
i
s
t
he
t
r
a
i
n
i
ng
da
t
a
of
t
h
e
n
t
h
fe
a
t
ure
w
i
t
h
p
=
1
,
.
.
.
p
.
(g_n
)
̅
i
s
t
he
a
v
e
r
a
ge
of
t
ra
i
ni
ng
d
a
t
a
p
e
r
f
e
a
t
ur
e
a
nd
a
_n
i
s
t
he
a
bs
o
l
ut
e
d
e
vi
a
t
i
on
of
t
r
a
i
ni
ng
d
a
t
a
p
e
r
fe
a
t
ur
e
.
T
o
ge
t
a
n
a
bs
ol
ut
e
d
e
vi
a
t
i
on
you
c
a
n
us
e
a
f
or
m
u
l
a
l
i
ke
t
h
e
fol
l
ow
i
ng
[3
,
19]:
=
1
∑
|
,
−
̅
̅
̅
̅
1
|
(2)
w
he
re
q
i
s
t
ot
a
l
of
t
r
a
i
n
i
ng
d
a
t
a
a
nd
n
i
s
a
f
e
a
t
ur
e
of
t
he
da
t
a
.
,
i
s
t
he
t
r
a
i
n
i
ng
da
t
a
of
t
he
n
t
h
f
e
a
t
ure
w
i
t
h
q
=
1
,
.
.
.
q
.
F
urt
h
e
rm
ore
,
t
o
fi
n
d
t
he
M
H
R
va
l
ue
,
t
h
e
fo
l
l
ow
i
ng
f
orm
ul
a
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
[6
,
1
5]:
=
(
(
(
1
+
2
2
)
+
3
2
)
+
4
.
.
.
)
+
2
(3)
w
he
re
X
n
i
s
t
he
n
t
h
d
a
t
a
from
t
he
t
r
a
i
n
i
ng
da
t
a
.
T
hi
s
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
propos
e
s
a
c
o
m
bi
n
a
t
i
on
of
M
e
a
n
of
H
o
rn
e
r'
s
Rul
e
s
(M
H
R)
w
h
i
c
h
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
a
s
fo
l
l
ow
s
:
∅
=
∑
|
,
−
|
/
(
)
=
1
(4)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IS
S
N
:
1693
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T
E
L
K
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A
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e
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e
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om
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un
Co
m
put
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l
Con
t
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,
V
ol
.
1
8
,
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o.
2
,
A
pri
l
2
020:
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7
0
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7
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5
772
w
he
re
t
hi
s
c
o
m
b
i
na
t
i
o
n
i
s
done
by
re
p
l
a
c
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
v
e
ra
g
e
va
l
ue
w
i
t
h
M
H
R
.
T
he
pur
pos
e
of
us
i
ng
t
h
i
s
M
H
R
i
s
t
o
i
m
pro
ve
t
he
a
c
c
u
ra
c
y
of
t
h
e
pr
e
vi
ous
m
e
t
hod.
T
h
i
s
i
s
re
i
nfor
c
e
d
fro
m
t
h
e
r
e
s
ul
t
s
of
Cha
n
dra
n
e
g
a
ra
a
nd
S
um
a
d
i
'
s
re
s
e
a
rc
h
[6]
w
hi
c
h
s
t
a
t
e
s
t
h
a
t
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
i
n
c
re
a
s
e
s
by
r
e
pl
a
c
i
ng
t
h
e
a
ve
r
a
ge
us
i
ng
M
H
R.
F
or
c
l
a
s
s
i
fi
c
a
t
i
on
be
t
w
e
e
n
a
t
t
a
c
k
e
rs
a
nd
us
e
rs
w
e
u
s
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
ons
l
i
ke
t
h
e
fol
l
ow
i
n
g
[6
]:
-
If
|
−
|
≤
∅
,
t
he
n
t
h
e
us
e
r
i
s
c
ons
i
de
r
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
c
t
u
a
l
us
e
r.
-
If
|
−
|
>
∅
,
t
he
n
t
h
e
us
e
r
i
s
c
ons
i
de
r
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
t
t
a
c
k
e
r
.
W
he
r
e
T
i
s
t
h
e
t
e
s
t
i
ng
d
a
t
a
a
nd
n
i
s
a
f
e
a
t
ur
e
o
f
t
he
t
e
s
t
i
ng
d
a
t
a
.
A
s
a
n
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
on
of
K
D
A
m
e
t
ho
d
w
h
i
c
h
a
i
m
s
t
o
fi
nd
o
ut
ho
w
good
t
h
e
p
ropos
e
d
K
D
A
m
e
t
hod
i
s
i
n
a
c
c
e
p
t
i
ng
us
e
rs
or
r
e
j
e
c
t
i
ng
a
t
t
a
c
ke
rs
,
i
n
t
h
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
rc
h
w
e
us
e
F
A
R
(F
a
l
s
e
A
c
c
e
p
t
a
nc
e
R
a
t
e
)
a
n
d
F
R
R
(F
a
l
s
e
Re
j
e
c
t
e
d
Ra
t
e
)
v
a
l
u
e
s
[15
,
20,
21]
.
F
A
R
i
s
a
pos
s
i
bl
e
s
ys
t
e
m
/
m
e
t
ho
d
fo
r
a
c
c
e
p
t
i
ng
a
n
a
t
t
a
c
ke
r
a
s
a
us
e
r
[15
,
20
,
21]
.
W
h
e
re
a
s
F
RR
i
s
t
h
e
pos
s
i
bi
l
i
t
y
of
a
s
ys
t
e
m
/
m
e
t
ho
d
t
o
re
j
e
c
t
us
e
rs
a
nd
d
e
t
e
c
t
t
he
m
a
s
a
t
t
a
c
ke
rs
[15
,
20
,
21]
.
H
ow
t
o
g
e
t
t
h
e
F
A
R
a
nd
F
R
R
v
a
l
u
e
s
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
i
n
fo
rm
u
l
a
s
(5)
a
nd
(6)
,
provi
d
e
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
m
a
l
l
e
r
t
he
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
t
he
F
A
R
o
r
F
RR
,
t
he
b
e
t
t
e
r
t
he
re
s
u
l
t
s
of
t
he
K
D
A
c
l
a
s
s
i
fi
c
a
t
i
on
a
ppl
i
e
d
[6
,
22].
=
(5)
=
(6)
In
a
ddi
t
i
on
t
o
F
A
R
a
n
d
F
RR
,
w
e
a
l
s
o
e
va
l
ua
t
e
us
i
n
g
a
c
c
ura
c
y
w
i
t
h
t
he
fo
l
l
ow
i
ng
for
m
ul
a
[
6]:
=
(
+
+
+
+
)
1
0
0
%
(7)
w
he
re
T
P
(T
r
ue
P
os
i
t
i
ve
)
,
T
N
(T
ru
e
N
e
ga
t
i
v
e
)
,
F
P
(F
a
l
s
e
P
os
i
t
i
ve
),
a
nd
F
N
(F
a
l
s
e
N
e
g
a
t
i
ve
).
T
P
i
s
t
h
e
s
uc
c
e
s
s
t
o
a
c
c
e
pt
us
e
rs
a
s
a
c
t
ua
l
us
e
rs
a
n
d
T
F
i
s
t
h
e
s
uc
c
e
s
s
t
o
de
t
e
c
t
a
t
t
a
c
ke
rs
.
W
h
e
re
a
s
F
P
i
s
a
m
i
s
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on
for
a
c
c
e
pt
i
ng
a
n
a
t
t
a
c
k
e
r
a
nd
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t
e
c
t
i
ng
i
t
a
s
a
a
c
t
u
a
l
us
e
r
a
nd
F
N
i
s
a
m
i
s
c
l
a
s
s
i
fi
c
a
t
i
o
n
for
re
fus
i
ng
a
n
a
c
t
u
a
l
us
e
r
a
n
d
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
ng
i
t
a
s
a
n
a
t
t
a
c
k
e
r.
T
o
ge
t
t
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
v
a
l
u
e
a
s
e
xp
l
a
i
n
e
d
b
e
for
e
,
w
e
us
e
s
e
ve
r
a
l
s
c
e
na
r
i
os
l
i
k
e
t
he
fo
l
l
ow
i
ng:
a.
D
yna
m
i
c
K
e
ys
t
rok
e
D
a
t
a
i
s
d
i
vi
d
e
d
i
n
t
o
2
t
ype
s
i
.
e
.
t
r
a
i
n
i
ng
da
t
a
a
nd
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
d
a
t
a
.
b.
D
a
t
a
T
ra
i
ni
ng
for
e
v
e
ry
us
e
r
i
s
t
h
e
fi
rs
t
35
0
da
t
a
fro
m
a
da
t
a
s
e
t
.
F
or
i
l
l
us
t
r
a
t
i
on
t
r
a
i
n
i
ng
,
U
s
e
r
“
A
”
t
ra
i
ni
ng
d
a
t
a
us
e
s
d
a
t
a
fr
om
1
t
o
350
,
from
a
t
ot
a
l
of
400
K
D
A
da
t
a
.
c.
D
a
t
a
T
e
s
t
i
ng
f
or
e
ve
r
y
us
e
r
i
s
t
h
e
l
a
s
t
50
da
t
a
fro
m
a
d
a
t
a
s
e
t
.
F
or
i
l
l
us
t
r
a
t
i
on
t
e
s
t
i
ng
,
U
s
e
r
"
A
"
us
e
s
K
D
A
da
t
a
fr
om
350
t
o
40
0,
fro
m
a
t
ot
a
l
of
400
K
D
A
d
a
t
a
a
s
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
da
t
a
.
d.
F
urt
he
r
m
or
e
,
e
a
c
h
us
e
r
i
n
t
h
i
s
d
a
t
a
w
i
l
l
be
us
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
t
t
a
c
ke
r
for
e
v
e
ry
ot
h
e
r
us
e
r.
T
h
u
s
,
a
s
m
a
n
y
a
s
51
a
t
t
a
c
k
s
c
e
na
r
i
os
w
i
l
l
be
f
orm
e
d
(w
h
e
re
t
he
t
ot
a
l
us
e
rs
of
t
he
da
t
a
us
e
d
a
r
e
51
p
e
opl
e
)
.
A
nd
t
h
e
a
t
t
a
c
k
e
r
da
t
a
us
e
d
i
s
t
he
l
a
s
t
50
da
t
a
of
da
t
a
s
e
t
t
h
a
t
i
s
us
e
d
a
s
a
n
a
t
t
a
c
ke
r.
T
e
s
t
i
ng
m
e
t
h
ods
us
e
d
i
n
t
hi
s
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
us
e
a
pr
ogra
m
(us
i
ng
ph
p
progr
a
m
m
i
n
g)
t
h
a
t
i
s
m
a
de
i
n
a
c
c
ord
a
nc
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
propos
e
d
m
e
t
hod
a
nd
pre
v
i
ous
m
e
t
ho
ds
a
nd
a
d
a
pt
e
d
t
o
pre
de
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
s
c
e
na
r
i
os
.
3.
R
ES
U
LTS
A
N
D
A
N
A
LY
S
I
S
3.
1
.
D
atas
e
t
T
hi
s
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
us
e
s
K
e
ys
t
rok
e
D
yn
a
m
i
c
d
a
t
a
fro
m
K
i
l
l
ourh
y
a
nd
M
a
x
i
on
[1
9].
In
t
hi
s
d
a
t
a
,
t
he
r
e
a
r
e
51
us
e
rs
(30
m
a
l
e
a
n
d
2
1
f
e
m
a
l
e
)
a
n
d
e
a
c
h
us
e
r
ha
s
400
D
yna
m
i
c
K
e
ys
t
rok
e
da
t
a
.
T
hi
s
d
a
t
a
w
a
s
ob
t
a
i
ne
d
by
t
he
m
w
i
t
h
i
n
8
d
a
ys
,
w
h
e
re
e
ve
r
y
d
a
y
obt
a
i
ne
d
D
yn
a
m
i
c
K
e
ys
t
rok
e
da
t
a
a
s
m
uc
h
a
s
50
da
t
a
p
e
rus
e
rs
.
T
he
t
i
m
e
us
e
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
da
t
a
i
s
s
e
c
o
nds
.
T
he
c
h
a
ra
c
t
e
r
us
e
d
i
n
K
e
ys
t
r
o
ke
D
yn
a
m
i
c
da
t
a
r
e
c
ordi
n
g
i
s
"
t
i
e
5R
oa
n
l
"
.
T
h
e
us
e
of
t
h
i
s
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
ha
s
a
l
s
o
b
e
e
n
ba
s
e
d
on
s
e
ve
r
a
l
a
t
t
e
m
p
t
s
a
nd
t
he
re
s
u
l
t
i
s
t
ha
t
t
hi
s
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
h
a
s
a
h
i
gh
l
e
v
e
l
of
pa
s
s
w
ord
s
e
c
uri
t
y
.
In
t
hi
s
da
t
a
,
e
a
c
h
us
e
r
t
yp
e
s
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
rs
a
nd
re
c
ords
t
h
e
m
.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
s
e
v
e
ra
l
i
m
por
t
a
n
t
fe
a
t
ur
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
c
on
t
a
i
ne
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
d
a
t
a
,
i
.
e
.
[6
,
7
,
20
,
23
,
24
,
25
]
(
i
l
l
us
t
r
a
t
i
on
of
t
he
s
e
i
m
por
t
a
nt
fe
a
t
ur
e
s
a
nd
c
o
nt
a
i
n
e
d
from
t
he
da
t
a
us
e
d
c
a
n
be
s
e
e
n
i
n
F
i
gur
e
1):
a.
H
ol
d
t
i
m
e
(H
)
i
s
t
he
t
i
m
e
ne
e
de
d
t
o
pre
s
s
a
c
h
a
ra
c
t
e
r
(K
e
y
-
D
ow
n
t
o
K
e
y
-
U
p)
.
b.
Up
-
D
ow
n
(U
D
)
i
s
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
be
t
w
e
e
n
r
e
l
e
a
s
i
ng
(K
e
y
-
U
p)
c
ha
ra
c
t
e
rs
t
o
pr
e
s
s
i
ng
t
h
e
ne
x
t
(K
e
y
-
D
ow
n
)
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
or
c
om
m
onl
y
r
e
f
e
rre
d
t
o
a
s
L
a
t
e
n
c
y
T
i
m
e
.
c.
D
ow
n
-
D
ow
n
(D
D
)
i
s
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
t
a
ke
n
w
h
e
n
pr
e
s
s
i
ng
t
he
f
i
rs
t
c
h
a
ra
c
t
e
r
(K
e
y
-
D
ow
n)
t
o
pre
s
s
t
h
e
s
e
c
ond
c
ha
r
a
c
t
e
r
(K
e
y
-
D
ow
n)
or
c
o
m
m
onl
y
r
e
fe
r
re
d
t
o
a
s
F
l
i
ght
T
i
m
e
.
T
ot
a
l
fe
a
t
u
re
s
i
n
t
h
i
s
d
a
t
a
a
re
31
fe
a
t
ure
s
.
W
h
e
re
e
a
c
h
f
e
a
t
ur
e
c
ons
i
s
t
s
of:
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l
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t
on
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s
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l
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o
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o
t
h
a
t
t
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a
t
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re
s
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Up
-
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ow
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h
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ra
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t
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t
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re
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t
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n
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t
t
he
t
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t
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s
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e
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t
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c.
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ow
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D
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l
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ght
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i
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b
e
t
w
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t
he
c
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a
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t
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nt
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l
t
he
l
a
s
t
c
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r
a
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r
,
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l
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a
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e
s
s
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t
he
"
re
t
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bu
t
t
on
a
re
a
l
s
o
e
nt
e
re
d.
S
o
t
he
t
ot
a
l
i
s
1
1.
F
i
gure
1
.
I
l
l
us
t
ra
t
i
on
of
K
D
A
F
e
a
t
ure
s
[6]
3.
2
.
R
e
s
u
l
t
an
d
an
a
l
ys
i
s
Ba
s
e
d
on
t
he
t
e
s
t
re
s
u
l
t
s
,
t
he
pr
opos
e
d
m
e
t
hod
prod
uc
e
s
a
l
e
s
s
goo
d
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
5
0.
11
3%.
W
hi
l
e
t
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
t
he
pre
v
i
ous
m
e
t
hod
i
s
50
.
335
%.
H
ow
e
ve
r
,
t
he
F
A
R
va
l
ue
of
t
h
e
pr
opos
e
d
m
e
t
ho
d
ha
s
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
f
rom
t
h
e
pre
vi
ous
m
e
t
ho
d
(
t
he
pr
o
pos
e
d
m
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Q
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24
,
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1
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-
157
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[
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.
[
4]
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.
,
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u
J
,
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.
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e
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.
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,
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a
t
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r
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s
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vol
.
30
,
no
.
3,
pp
.
385
-
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9
6,
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1
8.
[
5]
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am
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8.
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7]
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9]
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10]
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l
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.
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,
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.
53
-
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,
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017
.
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11]
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o
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un
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ul
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c
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S
pr
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e
r
,
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.
[
12]
M
or
a
l
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s
A
.
,
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r
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J
.
,
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ol
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R
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-
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l
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l
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y
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.
,
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o
m
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r
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M
.
,
e
t
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l
.
,
“
K
e
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oke
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o
m
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c
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ongo
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ng
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o
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pe
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on
,
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E
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E
A
c
c
e
s
s
,
vol
.
4,
p
p.
77
36
-
77
46,
20
16.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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34
,
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.
1,
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.
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-
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[
15]
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o
J
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I
nt
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n
ce
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ol
.
48
,
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o.
6
,
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.
1
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-
15
64
,
2018
.
[
16]
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va
nni
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[
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s
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u
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k
s
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vo
l
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,
no.
1
5,
pp
.
267
4
-
26
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,
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.
[
18]
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.
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.
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05.
[
19]
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[
20]
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24]
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.
3
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no
.
1,
pp
.
157
-
1
64
,
2014
.
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