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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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it
ca
n
r
e
d
u
ce
th
e
m
en
tio
n
e
d
ef
f
ec
t,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
m
a
n
y
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
es
[
1
7
,
1
8
]
.
W
h
en
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
a
n
d
th
e
L
E
D
ch
ip
ar
e
s
et
in
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
d
is
tan
ce
,
t
h
e
b
ac
k
s
ca
tter
in
g
an
d
cir
cu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
lig
h
t
in
s
id
e
th
e
L
E
D
co
u
ld
b
e
s
u
f
f
icien
tl
y
m
in
im
ized
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
id
ea
is
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
to
b
e
an
ef
f
icien
t
way
o
f
m
an
ag
in
g
th
e
h
ea
t
o
f
L
E
D,
b
y
wh
ich
th
e
L
E
Ds
co
u
ld
b
e
o
p
tim
ize
d
in
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
an
d
t
h
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
ef
f
icien
cy
[
1
9
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
lig
h
tin
g
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
u
n
ab
le
to
a
d
ap
t
to
all
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
illu
m
in
atio
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
as
to
t
h
e
r
eg
u
lar
lig
h
tin
g
,
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
o
p
en
ed
an
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ity
f
o
r
th
e
n
ex
t
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
L
E
D
to
b
e
f
a
b
r
icate
d
.
T
h
e
r
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
o
m
e
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
s
u
g
g
ested
s
o
f
ar
to
ad
v
an
ce
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
lu
m
i
n
o
u
s
f
lu
x
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
b
ac
k
-
s
ca
tter
in
g
e
v
en
t
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
in
s
id
e
th
e
L
E
D.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
a
s
tu
d
y
,
p
lacin
g
r
e
v
er
s
ed
co
n
ial
len
s
a
n
d
ar
r
an
g
in
g
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
m
ater
ial
i
n
a
cir
cu
lar
f
o
r
m
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
L
E
D
co
u
ld
ad
ju
s
t
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
to
th
e
L
E
D
s
u
r
f
ac
e
o
f
lig
h
ts
em
itted
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
s
id
e
ch
ip
.
W
h
at
is
m
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ca
n
also
d
r
am
atica
lly
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
lig
h
t
lo
s
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
in
te
r
n
al
r
e
f
lectio
n
o
f
th
e
L
E
D
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
t
h
at
if
a
n
en
g
r
av
ed
r
em
o
te
m
o
d
el
is
s
et
with
an
em
p
ty
b
o
r
d
e
r
wh
ile
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
is
n
o
t
co
v
er
ed
with
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
s
,
it
co
u
ld
lead
to
th
e
h
ig
h
co
lo
r
u
n
if
o
r
m
it
y
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
b
y
elim
in
atin
g
th
e
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ted
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
at
f
ar
a
n
g
les.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
also
u
s
ed
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
as
th
e
s
ap
p
h
ir
e
p
atter
n
,
wh
ich
is
m
o
r
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
u
s
in
g
ettin
g
g
r
ea
t
er
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
f
ar
f
ield
p
atter
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
o
ld
er
s
etu
p
[
2
0
]
.
Hen
ce
,
s
cien
tis
ts
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
r
em
o
t
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
with
d
u
al
lay
er
p
ac
k
ag
e
i
n
th
e
e
f
f
o
r
t
o
f
m
ag
n
if
y
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
lig
h
t
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
L
E
Ds.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
r
e
is
an
ar
d
u
o
u
s
o
b
s
tacle
we
n
ee
d
to
s
u
r
m
o
u
n
t:
ac
h
iev
in
g
b
etter
lig
h
tin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
W
L
E
Ds with
h
ig
h
er
C
C
T
[
2
1
,
2
2
]
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
i
s
i
s
s
u
e
is
a
p
r
es
s
in
g
m
atter
th
at
ca
n
ch
an
g
e
th
e
L
E
Ds
ap
p
licatio
n
in
lig
h
tin
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
th
e
af
o
r
e
m
en
tio
n
e
d
s
tu
d
ies
ju
s
t
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
co
lo
r
u
n
if
o
r
m
ity
an
d
lu
m
in
escen
ce
o
f
W
L
E
D
s
b
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
with
s
in
g
le
ch
ip
W
L
E
Ds an
d
lo
w
c
o
lo
r
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
es [
2
3
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
p
ap
er
,
we
d
ec
id
ed
to
u
s
e
m
u
lti
-
lay
er
s
W
L
E
Ds
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
l
o
r
tem
p
er
at
u
r
es
f
r
o
m
5
6
0
0
K
to
8
5
0
0
K
an
d
s
tu
d
y
t
h
eir
im
p
ac
ts
o
n
th
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
T
h
e
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
id
ea
in
th
is
p
ap
er
is
th
at
th
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2
+
is
ap
p
lied
t
o
ad
d
n
ee
d
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
a
r
ticles
f
o
r
b
etter
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
,
an
d
th
e
n
th
e
in
d
e
x
es
o
f
co
lo
r
r
e
n
d
er
i
n
g
in
d
e
x
(
C
R
I
)
an
d
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
s
ca
le
(
C
QS)
co
u
ld
b
e
also
r
aised
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
n
o
ticea
b
le
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
o
n
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
q
u
ality
o
f
r
esu
lted
lig
h
ts
ar
e
also
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
ar
ticle.
On
to
p
o
f
th
at,
th
e
ar
ticle
h
as
also
p
r
o
v
id
ed
u
s
ef
u
l
r
esu
lts
in
wh
ich
th
e
v
alu
es
o
f
q
u
ality
in
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
r
e
n
d
in
g
ab
ilit
y
an
d
co
lo
r
o
u
tp
u
t
ar
e
p
o
s
itiv
ely
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,
Sm
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ic
lay
er
ad
d
e
d
in
W
L
E
Ds.
B
e
s
id
es,
th
e
p
ap
er
h
as
n
o
ted
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
a
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
lev
el
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
a
v
o
id
th
e
d
ee
p
d
e
clin
e
in
th
e
f
lu
x
o
f
r
ed
d
is
h
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
also
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
two
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
y
ello
w
YAG:Ce
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
v
er
e
d
b
y
th
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
.
On
e
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
co
n
s
titu
en
t
r
ed
lig
h
t in
th
e
lig
h
t
em
itted
f
r
o
m
W
L
E
Ds,
wh
ich
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
v
ital
ele
m
en
ts
t
h
at
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tin
g
to
th
e
h
ig
h
er
q
u
ality
o
f
co
lo
r
in
W
L
E
Ds,
an
d
th
e
o
th
er
is
th
e
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
s
ca
tter
ed
an
d
tr
an
s
m
itted
lig
h
t
in
W
L
E
Ds
th
at
ar
e
in
th
e
o
p
p
o
s
i
t
e
t
r
e
n
d
t
o
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
at
i
o
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
.
H
e
n
c
e
,
i
t
is
e
x
t
r
e
m
e
l
y
e
s
s
e
n
ti
a
l
t
o
d
e
c
i
d
e
a
s
u
it
a
b
l
e
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,
S
m
2+
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
o
r
e
m
a
i
n
t
h
e
s
ta
b
i
l
i
t
y
i
n
t
h
e
p
h
o
t
o
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
M
a
t
er
ia
l pre
pa
ra
t
io
n
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
wed
th
e
in
g
r
ed
ien
ts
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
.
Fr
o
m
th
ese
f
ig
u
r
es,
th
is
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
with
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
w
h
ich
was
b
u
ilt
b
y
r
ec
k
o
n
in
g
th
e
m
o
lar
p
er
ce
n
t
ag
e
o
f
ea
ch
elem
en
t.
B
esid
es,
th
e
d
etailed
p
r
o
d
u
c
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,
Sm
2+
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
a
s
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
.
I
n
it
ially
,
E
u
2
O
3
an
d
Sm
2
O
3
g
r
ain
s
ar
e
d
is
s
o
lv
ed
in
a
d
ilu
te
n
itric
ac
id
s
o
lu
tio
n
wh
ile
Sr(
NO
3
)
2
an
d
H
3
BO
3
ar
e
d
is
s
o
lv
ed
in
war
m
wate
r
(
9
0
℃
)
.
T
h
en
,
m
i
x
in
g
th
ese
two
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
g
eth
er
an
d
a
d
d
in
g
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
co
n
tain
in
g
ac
eto
n
e
an
d
am
m
o
n
iu
m
h
y
d
r
o
x
id
e
with
th
e
r
at
io
o
f
1
:1
,
an
d
af
ter
th
at
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
s
tirr
in
g
th
ese
m
ix
tu
r
es.
Af
ter
a
s
h
o
r
t
tim
e,
th
er
e
will
b
e
a
f
in
e
wh
ite
p
r
ec
ip
itate,
an
d
it
will
t
u
r
n
in
to
a
s
lu
r
r
y
.
Nex
t,
h
ea
tin
g
th
is
s
lu
r
r
y
at
th
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
f
8
0
℃
in
two
h
o
u
r
s
.
Af
ter
two
h
o
u
r
s
,
it
will
b
e
co
o
led
d
o
wn
to
r
o
o
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
is
p
r
ec
ip
itate
is
f
ilter
ed
an
d
d
r
ied
in
th
e
air
,
b
len
d
ed
with
SrF
2
af
ter
war
d
,
an
d
th
en
g
r
i
n
d
in
g
th
e
wh
o
le
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
.
T
h
e
o
b
t
ain
ed
co
m
p
o
u
n
d
is
th
en
b
u
r
n
e
d
in
an
o
p
en
q
u
ar
tz
cr
u
cib
le
a
t
9
0
0
℃
f
o
r
a
b
o
u
t
an
h
o
u
r
.
Af
ter
b
e
in
g
co
o
led
d
o
wn
f
r
o
m
9
0
0
℃
,
th
e
c
o
m
p
o
u
n
d
is
b
len
d
e
d
an
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
in
to
f
in
e
p
ar
ticles.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
202
1
:
6
1
6
-
622
618
L
ater
,
th
ese
p
a
r
ticles
ar
e
f
ir
e
d
at
th
em
s
am
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
te
m
p
e
r
atu
r
e
f
o
r
two
h
o
u
r
s
,
with
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
f
lo
w
o
f
H
2
in
N
2
g
as
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
c
r
u
cib
le.
Fin
ally
,
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,
Sm
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
af
ter
co
o
lin
g
an
d
re
-
g
r
o
u
n
d
i
n
g
th
e
attain
e
d
p
ar
ti
cles.
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
r
ed
-
e
m
itti
n
g
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
I
n
g
r
e
d
i
e
n
t
M
o
l
e
(
%)
B
y
w
e
i
g
h
t
(
g
)
M
o
l
a
r
mass
(
g
/
m
o
l
)
M
o
l
e
(
mo
l
)
I
o
n
s
M
o
l
e
(
mo
l
)
M
o
l
e
(
%)
S
r
(
N
O
3
)
2
1
0
.
0
9
1
2
6
.
9
8
2
1
1
.
6
3
0
.
6
Sr
2+
0
.
6
0
.
0
2
4
1
SrF
2
5
.
4
3
4
0
.
5
8
1
2
5
.
6
2
0
.
3
2
F
-
0
.
6
4
6
0
.
0
2
5
9
H
3
BO
3
8
4
.
1
2
3
0
9
.
2
6
1
.
8
3
5
B
3+
5
0
.
2
0
3
Eu
2
O
3
0
.
2
5
5
.
2
8
3
5
1
.
9
3
0
.
0
1
5
O
2
-
1
8
.
6
6
5
0
.
7
4
8
Sm
2
O
3
0
.
1
1
2
.
0
9
3
4
8
.
7
2
0
.
0
0
6
Eu
2+
0
.
0
3
0
.
0
0
1
2
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
Sm
2+
0
.
0
1
2
0
.
0
0
0
4
8
2
.
2
.
WL
E
Ds m
o
delin
g
T
o
ea
s
ily
s
im
u
late
th
e
W
L
E
Ds
with
d
u
al
-
lay
er
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
th
e
L
ig
h
tTo
o
ls
8
.
5
.
0
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
an
d
Mie
-
th
e
o
r
y
ar
e
th
e
t
o
o
ls
to
c
o
n
d
u
ct
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ts
an
d
v
er
if
y
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
th
e
W
L
E
Ds
at
th
e
h
ig
h
co
r
r
elate
d
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e,
5
6
0
0
-
8
5
0
0
K.
B
ef
o
r
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
in
g
th
e
i
n
-
cu
p
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
W
L
E
Ds,
t
h
e
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2
+
an
d
YAG:Ce
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ar
e
m
ix
ed
to
g
eth
e
r
to
f
o
r
m
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
o
f
W
L
E
Ds.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
is
lay
er
i
s
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
attac
h
ed
to
th
e
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
YAG:Ce
3+
with
s
ilico
n
e
g
el.
As
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
t
h
e
W
L
E
D
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
L
E
D
ch
ip
s
b
o
u
n
d
ed
t
o
r
e
f
lecto
r
cu
p
,
an
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
s
h
el
d
to
g
eth
e
r
with
s
ilico
n
e.
I
n
s
p
ec
if
ic,
th
e
ch
ip
s
ar
e
b
o
n
d
ed
with
a
r
ef
le
cto
r
h
av
in
g
a
2
.
0
7
m
m
d
ep
th
,
with
a
b
o
tto
m
le
n
g
th
o
f
8
m
m
,
an
d
a
9
.
8
5
m
m
to
p
len
g
th
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
c
h
ip
em
its
1
.
1
6
W
with
a
p
ea
k
wav
elen
g
t
h
o
f
4
5
3
n
m
.
T
h
e
r
ef
r
ac
tiv
e
in
d
e
x
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2
+
an
d
YAG:Ce
3+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticle
is
f
ix
ed
at
1
.
8
5
an
d
1
.
8
3
,
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
ely
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
s
tab
ilit
y
in
av
er
ag
e
C
C
T
s
,
th
er
e
i
s
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
YAG:Ce
3+
an
d
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ad
ju
s
ted
to
m
atc
h
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Ph
o
to
g
r
a
p
h
o
f
W
L
E
Ds s
tr
u
ctu
r
e:
(
a)
ac
tu
al
W
L
E
Ds,
(
b
)
b
o
n
d
in
g
d
iag
r
am
,
(
c
)
illu
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
pc
-
W
L
E
Ds m
o
d
el,
(
d
)
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
W
L
E
Ds u
s
in
g
L
ig
h
tTo
o
ls
co
m
m
er
cial
s
o
f
twar
e
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
er
e
is
a
ch
an
g
e
th
at
is
o
p
p
o
s
ite
b
etwe
en
th
e
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
an
d
th
e
y
ello
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
YAG:Ce
3+
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
e
ca
n
b
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
to
o
d
as
a
m
ea
n
to
k
ee
p
th
e
co
lo
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
at
a
s
tab
le
v
alu
e
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
o
b
tain
e
d
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
f
r
o
m
W
L
E
Ds
w
ith
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
o
f
r
e
d
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
i
s
u
n
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
c
o
lo
r
t
em
p
er
atu
r
e
s
h
if
ted
u
n
ex
p
ec
te
d
ly
.
Fo
r
th
at
r
ea
s
o
n
,
d
eter
m
in
in
g
a
n
d
ch
o
o
s
in
g
a
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
S
r
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
ar
e
ex
tr
em
el
y
c
r
u
cial
to
t
h
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
in
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
o
f
W
L
E
Ds.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
with
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
a
tio
n
f
r
o
m
2
%
to
2
6
%
wt.
,
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
o
n
o
f
YAG:Ce
3
+
will
b
e
lo
wer
e
d
t
o
k
ee
p
th
e
co
l
o
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
at
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
v
alu
e
.
Fu
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e,
th
e
attain
ed
r
esu
lts
ar
e
th
e
s
am
e
wi
th
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
lo
r
tem
p
er
at
u
r
es
o
f
W
L
E
Ds,
in
clu
d
in
g
5
6
0
0
K,
6
6
0
0
K,
7
0
0
0
K,
7
7
0
0
K,
o
r
8
5
0
0
K.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
p
r
esen
ted
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
3
to
Fig
u
r
e
7
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
n
o
ticea
b
le
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2
+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
n
th
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
W
L
E
Ds.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
ch
o
ice
will
b
e
d
ec
id
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
h
ig
h
est
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
I
f
th
ey
wan
t
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
e
h
i
g
h
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
W
L
E
Ds,
it
is
ab
le
to
r
ed
u
ce
a
s
m
all
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
l
u
m
in
e
s
ce
n
ce
to
m
ee
t
th
e
d
em
an
d
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
th
e
n
atu
r
e
o
f
wh
ite
lig
h
t
is
th
e
c
o
llectio
n
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
r
eg
io
n
s
a
s
d
escr
i
b
ed
in
Fig
u
r
es
6
-
8
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Th
e
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f d
u
a
l
-
la
ye
r
r
emo
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
g
e
o
metry
in
a
ch
ievin
g
h
ig
h
er
…
(
Ho
a
n
g
V
a
n
N
g
o
c
)
619
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
illu
s
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
s
en
s
itiv
ity
at
3
d
is
tin
ct
C
C
T
p
o
in
ts
f
r
o
m
5
6
0
0
-
7
7
0
0
K.
Ob
v
io
u
s
ly
,
th
e
wav
ele
n
g
th
s
at
wh
ich
r
ed
lig
h
t a
p
p
ea
r
s
h
as in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
ac
co
m
p
a
n
y
in
g
with
th
e
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
.
Ho
wev
er
,
if
t
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
th
e
two
r
em
ain
in
g
r
eg
io
n
s
,
4
2
0
-
4
8
0
n
m
an
d
5
0
0
-
6
4
0
n
m
,
ar
e
n
o
t
in
th
e
r
is
in
g
tr
e
n
d
,
t
h
is
r
esu
lt
will
b
ec
o
m
e
u
n
im
p
o
r
tan
t.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
th
e
g
r
o
wth
in
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
a
at
420
-
4
8
0
n
m
b
o
o
s
ts
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
in
W
L
E
Ds.
T
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
W
L
E
Ds
f
r
o
m
5
6
0
0
K
an
d
a
b
o
v
e
cr
ea
ted
m
o
r
e
em
is
s
io
n
p
o
in
ts
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
at
th
e
co
lo
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
s
p
ec
tr
a
ar
e
co
m
p
ati
b
le,
an
d
th
is
r
esu
lts
i
n
h
ig
h
er
co
l
o
r
an
d
lu
m
in
o
s
ity
,
wh
ich
m
ea
n
s
th
at
th
e
d
em
an
d
s
o
f
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
e
r
s
ar
e
co
m
p
letely
f
u
lf
illed
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
p
r
ac
tical
to
a
p
p
ly
th
e
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
W
L
E
Ds
af
ter
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
h
o
w
th
is
ap
p
licatio
n
ca
n
s
o
lv
e
th
e
co
l
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
s
u
e
in
W
L
E
Ds.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
g
av
e
a
s
o
lid
s
tatem
en
t
th
at
with
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
,
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
ca
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
r
eg
ar
d
less
o
f
th
e
lo
w
(
5
6
0
0
K)
o
r
h
ig
h
er
(
7
7
0
0
K)
co
lo
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
ch
a
n
g
e
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
f
o
r
k
ee
p
i
n
g
th
e
av
er
ag
e
C
C
T
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
5
6
0
0
K
W
L
E
Ds as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
6
6
0
0
K
W
L
E
Ds as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
7
0
0
0
K
W
L
E
Ds as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
7
7
0
0
K
W
L
E
Ds as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
202
1
:
6
1
6
-
622
620
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
h
e
em
is
s
io
n
s
p
ec
tr
a
o
f
8
5
0
0
K
W
L
E
Ds as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
T
h
e
co
lo
r
r
en
d
er
in
g
in
d
ex
o
f
W
L
E
Ds as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
S
m
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
in
all
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t
av
er
a
g
e
C
C
T
s
,
th
e
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2
+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
lifte
d
th
e
co
l
o
r
i
m
e
tr
ic
in
d
ex
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
alr
ea
d
y
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
ed
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
c
h
ip
to
r
e
d
lig
h
t
b
ef
o
r
e
it
is
a
b
s
o
r
b
ed
.
T
h
is
is
also
th
e
ca
s
e
f
o
r
th
e
lig
h
t
em
itted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
y
ell
o
w
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
.
Nev
er
t
h
eless
,
d
u
e
to
ab
s
o
r
p
tiv
e
ca
p
ac
ity
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
b
et
wee
n
b
lu
e
an
d
y
ello
w
lig
h
t,
m
o
r
e
b
lu
e
lig
h
ts
wer
e
ab
s
o
r
b
ed
th
an
y
ello
w
o
n
es.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
r
esu
lt
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
th
at
th
e
r
ed
lig
h
t
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
in
W
L
E
Ds
in
cr
ea
s
es
wh
en
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
is
ad
d
ed
,
h
eig
h
ten
in
g
t
h
e
C
R
I
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
m
o
d
e
r
n
W
L
E
D
lam
p
s
.
An
d
wh
en
th
e
co
lo
r
r
en
d
e
r
in
g
i
n
d
ex
is
h
ig
h
,
it
will
p
u
s
h
th
e
p
r
ice
o
f
ea
ch
wh
ite
lig
h
t
W
L
E
D.
Nev
er
th
eles
s
,
with
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
,
th
e
W
L
E
Ds
will
b
e
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
ed
with
lo
wer
co
s
t.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
h
as
g
ain
ed
its
p
o
p
u
l
ar
ity
an
d
wid
en
its
ap
p
licatio
n
.
N
o
n
eth
eless
,
we
ca
n
n
o
t
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
a
lity
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
ju
s
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
lo
r
r
en
d
er
in
g
in
d
ex
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
u
s
ed
a
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
q
u
ality
in
d
icat
o
r
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
co
lo
r
o
f
W
L
E
Ds,
wh
ich
is
th
e
C
QS.
C
QS
tak
es
th
e
co
lo
r
r
en
d
er
in
g
in
d
ex
,
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
'
s
p
er
s
o
n
al
ch
o
ice,
an
d
th
e
co
lo
r
co
o
r
d
in
ates
to
co
n
clu
d
e
th
e
co
lo
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
W
L
E
Ds.
T
h
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
h
av
e
m
ad
e
C
QS
b
e
co
m
e
a
n
alm
o
s
t
p
o
wer
f
u
l
g
en
er
al
-
q
u
ality
co
lo
r
in
d
icato
r
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
9
is
th
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
lifte
d
C
QS
v
alu
es
wh
en
th
e
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
is
in
u
s
e.
On
to
p
o
f
th
at,
wh
e
n
th
e
c
o
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
is
r
aised
,
th
e
C
QS
al
s
o
in
cr
ea
s
ed
r
em
ar
k
a
b
ly
.
T
h
e
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2
+
is
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
to
h
av
e
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
o
f
m
u
lti
-
lay
er
W
L
E
Ds.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
p
r
ac
tical
to
th
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
al
s
o
h
as
d
r
awb
ac
k
in
o
u
tp
u
t
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
.
T
h
e
p
ar
t
b
elo
w
is
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
eq
u
atio
n
s
to
ca
lc
u
late
th
e
b
lu
e
an
d
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
in
W
L
E
Ds
with
two
-
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
s
,
f
r
o
m
wh
ich
an
o
v
e
r
all
id
ea
o
f
h
o
w
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
lig
h
t
o
u
t
p
u
t
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
o
r
m
u
las
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
y
ello
w
li
g
h
t
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
f
o
r
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
wit
h
o
n
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
an
d
2
h
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
th
ick
n
ess
:
1
=
0
×
−
2
1
ℎ
(
1)
1
=
1
2
1
×
0
1
−
1
(
−
2
1
ℎ
−
−
2
1
ℎ
)
(
2
)
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
b
l
u
e
lig
h
t
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
y
el
lo
w
lig
h
t
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
in
d
u
al
-
lay
er
r
em
o
te
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
with
th
e
th
ick
n
ess
h
ar
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as f
o
llo
w:
2
=
0
×
−
2
2
ℎ
(
3
)
2
=
1
2
2
×
0
2
−
2
(
−
2
2
ℎ
−
−
2
2
ℎ
)
(
4
)
I
n
wh
ic
h
h
is
th
e
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
ea
ch
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
.
I
n
ad
d
iti
o
n
,
s
in
g
le
lay
er
an
d
d
o
u
b
le
-
la
y
er
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ac
k
ag
e
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
b
y
th
e
s
u
b
s
cr
ip
t
“1
”
a
n
d
“2
”.
β
is
th
e
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
co
ef
f
i
cien
t
f
o
r
b
lu
e
lig
h
t
co
n
v
er
tin
g
to
y
ello
w
lig
h
t.
γ
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
e
f
lectio
n
c
o
ef
f
i
cien
t
o
f
th
e
y
ello
w
lig
h
t.
T
h
e
in
ten
s
ities
o
f
b
l
u
e
lig
h
t
(
PB
)
an
d
y
ello
w
lig
h
t
(
PY
)
ar
e
th
e
lig
h
t
in
ten
s
ity
f
r
o
m
b
lu
e
L
E
D,
p
r
esen
ted
b
y
PB
0
.
α
B
;
α
Y
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
f
r
ac
tio
n
s
o
f
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
l
o
s
s
o
f
b
lu
e
a
n
d
y
ello
w
lig
h
ts
d
u
r
in
g
th
eir
p
r
o
p
a
g
a
tio
n
in
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
th
at
d
u
a
l
-
lay
er
r
em
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
W
L
E
Ds
b
r
in
g
s
to
th
e
lu
m
en
o
u
tp
u
t in
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
ith
th
e
s
im
ilar
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
with
o
n
e
lay
er
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
is
co
n
clu
d
ed
f
r
o
m
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Th
e
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f d
u
a
l
-
la
ye
r
r
emo
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
g
e
o
metry
in
a
ch
ievin
g
h
ig
h
er
…
(
Ho
a
n
g
V
a
n
N
g
o
c
)
621
(
2
+
2
)
−
(
1
+
1
)
1
+
1
>
0
(
5
)
B
esid
es,
th
e
M
ie
-
th
eo
r
y
[
2
4
,
2
5
]
is
ap
p
lied
to
an
aly
ze
t
h
e
s
ca
tter
in
g
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:
E
u
2+
,
Sm
2
+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
g
r
ain
s
.
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ased
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a
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licatio
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ar
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icles
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g
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h
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
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h
t
p
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n
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e
r
ec
k
o
n
e
d
with
t
h
e
L
am
b
er
t
-
B
ee
r
law:
I
= I
0
ex
p
(
-
µ
ext
L)
(
6
)
I
n
th
is
f
o
r
m
u
la,
I
0
in
d
icate
s
th
e
in
cid
en
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h
t p
o
wer
,
L
is
th
e
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
t
h
ick
n
ess
(
m
m
)
,
an
d
µ
ext
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
ex
tin
ctio
n
co
e
f
f
i
cien
t,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
as:
µ
ext
=
N
r
.C
ext
,
wh
er
e
N
r
is
k
n
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wn
as
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
d
e
n
s
ity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
p
ar
ticles
(
m
m
-
3
)
.
C
ext
(
m
m
2
)
is
th
e
ex
tin
ctio
n
c
r
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
p
ar
ticles.
(
5
)
s
h
o
wed
th
at
d
u
al
-
lay
er
r
e
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
ca
n
r
e
s
u
lt
in
th
e
la
r
g
er
lig
h
t
o
u
tp
u
t
t
h
an
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
with
o
n
e
lay
er
.
Ne
v
er
th
eless
,
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
also
h
as
a
g
r
ea
t
i
m
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
li
g
h
t
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
W
L
E
Ds
with
two
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
la
y
er
s
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
y
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
L
a
m
b
er
t
-
B
ee
r
law
th
at,
wh
ile
b
ein
g
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
t
o
th
e
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
,
th
e
µ
ext
atten
u
atio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
is
in
v
er
s
ely
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
en
er
g
y
o
f
lig
h
t.
Du
e
to
th
is
r
esu
lt,
u
n
d
er
th
e
co
n
d
iti
o
n
t
h
at
th
e
d
en
s
ity
o
f
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
er
s
is
u
n
ch
an
g
e
d
,
th
e
o
b
tain
e
d
f
lu
x
co
u
ld
b
e
wea
k
en
ed
,
ev
e
n
th
o
u
g
h
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2
+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
r
is
es.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
is
,
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
,
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
all
f
iv
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
C
C
T
s
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
W
h
en
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2+
r
ea
ch
es
2
6
%
wt.
,
th
e
f
lu
x
o
b
v
i
o
u
s
ly
d
ec
r
ea
s
es.
Ho
wev
er
,
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
h
o
w
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:E
u
2+
,
Sm
2+
b
en
ef
it
th
e
co
lo
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
W
L
E
Ds,
it
is
wo
r
th
to
b
e
ta
k
en
i
n
to
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
c
o
m
p
ar
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
th
e
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
r
s
,
it
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
th
at
th
e
W
L
E
Ds
with
r
ed
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
s
till
em
it
m
u
ch
m
o
r
e
lig
h
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
s
m
all
lo
s
s
in
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
lu
x
wo
u
ld
n
o
t
af
f
ec
t
m
u
c
h
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
u
ld
b
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es
o
f
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
wh
en
m
ass
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
th
is
W
L
E
Ds.
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
s
ca
le
o
f
W
L
E
Ds as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
S
m
2+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
e
lu
m
in
o
u
s
f
l
u
x
o
f
W
L
E
Ds as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2
+
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
Fro
m
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
ap
er
,
th
e
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2
+
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
C
R
I
an
d
C
QS
o
f
d
u
al
-
lay
e
r
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
ar
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
ap
p
l
y
in
g
th
e
Mie
-
th
eo
r
y
o
f
s
ca
tter
in
g
an
d
L
am
b
er
t
-
B
ee
r
law,
th
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
u
s
in
g
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2
+
in
W
L
E
Ds f
o
r
co
lo
r
q
u
ality
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t is p
r
ac
tical.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
also
h
as
th
e
s
am
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
W
L
E
Ds
at
all
co
lo
r
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
es,
wh
ich
is
co
n
v
en
ie
n
t
f
o
r
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
lig
h
tin
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
is
r
esear
ch
h
as
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
r
ea
ch
ed
th
e
in
itial
g
o
al
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
w
h
ite
lig
h
t
q
u
ality
,
wh
ich
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
s
a
h
u
g
e
o
b
s
tacle
f
o
r
r
em
o
te
-
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
is
n
o
ticed
th
at
a
s
m
all
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
till
ex
is
ts
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
em
is
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
lu
x
.
Sp
ec
i
f
ically
,
wh
en
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
o
f
Sr
w
F
x
B
y
O
z
:Eu
2+
,
Sm
2
+
is
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t,
th
e
lu
m
in
o
s
ity
s
h
ar
p
ly
d
ec
lin
es.
T
h
at
is
wh
y
it
is
ex
tr
em
ely
ess
en
tial
to
d
ec
id
e
an
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es
th
at
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
wan
t
to
r
ea
ch
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
ca
n
u
s
e
t
h
is
a
r
ticle
f
o
r
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
a
lo
t
o
f
p
r
ac
t
ical
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
i
n
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
a
W
L
E
Ds’
g
en
e
r
a
tio
n
with
b
etter
c
o
lo
r
q
u
ality
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
J.
Ch
e
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
M
icro
len
s
a
rra
y
s
with
a
d
ju
sta
b
le
a
sp
e
c
t
ra
ti
o
fa
b
r
ica
ted
b
y
e
lec
tro
we
tt
in
g
a
n
d
th
e
i
r
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
to
c
o
rre
late
d
c
o
lo
r
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
tu
n
a
b
le l
ig
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s,"
O
p
t.
E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
2
7
,
p
p
.
A
2
5
-
A
3
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
9
,
No
.
2
,
Ap
r
il
202
1
:
6
1
6
-
622
622
[2
]
T.
Y.
Oru
d
z
h
e
v
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
I
n
c
re
a
sin
g
t
h
e
e
x
trac
ti
o
n
e
fficie
n
c
y
o
f
a
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
u
sin
g
a
p
y
ra
m
id
-
li
k
e
p
h
o
sp
h
o
r
lay
e
r,
"
J
.
O
p
t.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
,
v
o
l.
8
6
,
p
p
.
6
7
1
-
6
7
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
]
Z.
Li
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
"
Eff
icie
n
c
y
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
q
u
a
n
tu
m
d
o
t
–
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
h
y
b
ri
d
w
h
it
e
-
li
g
h
t
-
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
s
u
si
n
g
a
c
e
n
tri
fu
g
a
ti
o
n
-
b
a
se
d
q
u
a
si
-
h
o
rizo
n
tal
se
p
a
ra
ti
o
n
stru
c
t
u
re
,
"
O
p
t.
Ex
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
2
8
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
7
9
-
1
3
2
8
9
,
2
0
2
0
.
[4
]
O.
H.
Kw
o
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
S
imp
le
p
ris
m
a
ti
c
p
a
tt
e
rn
in
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
fo
r
n
e
a
rly
ro
o
m
-
tem
p
e
ra
tu
re
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
d
p
lan
a
r
re
m
o
te
p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
lay
e
rs f
o
r
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d
wh
i
te l
u
m
in
e
sc
e
n
c
e
e
fficie
n
c
y
,
"
O
p
t.
M
a
ter
.
Ex
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l
.
8
,
p
p
.
3
2
3
0
-
3
2
3
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[5
]
A.
Ke
ll
e
r,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
Diff
u
se
re
flec
tan
c
e
sp
e
c
tro
sc
o
p
y
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
li
v
e
r
t
u
m
o
r
s
p
e
c
ime
n
s
-
to
wa
rd
s
a
ti
ss
u
e
d
iffere
n
ti
a
ti
n
g
o
p
ti
c
a
l
b
io
p
sy
n
e
e
d
le u
si
n
g
li
g
h
t
e
m
it
ti
n
g
d
io
d
e
s,"
B
io
me
d
.
Op
t.
E
x
p
re
ss
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
9
-
1
0
8
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[6
]
M
.
Hu
,
e
t
a
l.
,
"
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
e
m
issio
n
o
f
d
o
u
b
le
p
e
ro
v
s
k
it
e
Cs2
Na
0
.
4
Ag
0
.
6
I
n
0
.
9
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