TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol.13, No
.1, March 2
0
1
5
, pp. 250~2
5
9
ISSN: 1693-6
930,
accredited
A
by DIKTI, De
cree No: 58/DIK
T
I/Kep/2013
DOI
:
10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v13i1.1300
250
Re
cei
v
ed O
c
t
ober 1
9
, 201
4; Revi
se
d Decem
b
e
r
7, 2014; Accepte
d
Jan
uary 9, 2015
Arduino-Uno Ba
sed Mobile Data Logger with GPS
Feature
Muhammad
Abu Bakar S
i
dik*
1,2
, Moh
d
Qamarul Arifin Rusli
1
, Zuraimy
Adzis
1
, Zolkafle
Bun
t
at
1
, Yan
u
ar Zulardia
n
s
y
ah Arief
1
, Hamizah Sh
ahroom
1
, Zainuddin Na
w
a
w
i
2
,
Muhammad Irfan Jamb
a
k
2
1
Institute of High Volta
ge a
n
d
High C
u
rrent (
I
VAT
)
, Universiti
T
e
knolo
g
i Ma
la
ysia,
813
10 UT
M Johor Bahr
u, Mal
a
y
s
ia
2
Department o
f
Electrical Eng
i
ne
erin
g, F
a
cul
t
y
of
Engi
ne
eri
ng, Univ
ersitas
Sri
w
i
j
a
y
a, In
do
nesi
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: abub
akar@fk
e
.utm.m
y
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Lig
h
tnin
g
activi
ty correl
a
tes w
i
th the
for
m
ati
o
n of t
hun
dercl
o
uds w
h
ic
h
incr
ease
the
at
mo
spher
ic
electric fi
el
d (A
EF
) betw
een t
h
e cl
oud
a
nd t
h
e e
a
rth. Ob
ser
v
ations
of th
e d
e
vel
o
p
m
e
n
t of
the AEF
w
ill
al
l
o
w
the pred
iction
of lightn
i
ng act
i
vities clos
e to a parti
cul
a
r lo
cation. In rese
arch an
d deve
l
op
me
nt, the data
log
ger p
l
ays
a
n
i
m
p
o
rtant rol
e
to obs
erve
a
nd co
lle
ct d
a
ta
from AEF
se
n
s
ors. T
he data
log
ger
must b
e
relia
bl
e a
nd
effective. Hig
h i
n
vestment c
o
s
t
s are in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
acq
u
iri
n
g
a d
a
ta lo
gg
er
, and c
hoos
in
g a
suitab
le data l
ogg
er
is not ea
sy.
Institut Voltan d
a
n
Arus T
i
ngg
i (IVAT
) is
deve
l
el
opi
ng
A
E
F
sensor. Al
o
n
g
w
i
th that sensor deve
l
o
p
m
en
t a data
lo
gge
r devel
op
ment
is also re
quir
ed. In this pa
p
e
r, a mo
bi
le d
a
t
a
log
ger is dev
el
ope
d by usin
g Ardui
no-
U
no. T
h
is mobi
le d
a
ta
logg
er is equi
ppe
d w
i
th a GPS mod
u
l
e
, w
h
ich
provi
des
accur
a
te p
o
sitio
n
i
n
g
in t
he c
o
ll
ecti
on
of
dat
a. La
boratory
an
d f
i
eld
tests w
e
r
e
carri
ed
out t
o
observ
e
the
p
e
r
forma
n
ce
of t
he
mobi
le
data
lo
gger
syste
m
. The res
u
lts s
how
ed th
at the
dev
elo
p
e
d
d
a
ta
log
ger w
o
rks properly.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
mo
bile, d
a
ta lo
gge
r, low
cost, glo
bal p
o
si
tio
n
i
ng
system, atmos
pher
ic electric f
i
eld
1. Introduc
tion
Mu
c
h
re
se
arc
h
h
a
s
foc
u
se
d
on
th
e app
lic
a
t
io
n
of sensors and
d
a
ta
log
ger
sy
st
em
s in
many fields
of scie
n
ce a
nd engi
nee
ri
ng, su
ch a
s
meteorol
og
y, geosci
en
ce, geophy
sics
,
aero
nauti
cs,
and ae
ro
spa
c
e. In obtainin
g
accurate
d
a
ta for perfo
rming analy
s
e
s
, the pro
c
e
s
s of
data re
co
rdin
g is critical in
the
appli
c
atio
n of a data logger
system.
Recent studi
e
s have m
e
asured
temperature and humidity le
vels. Gasparesc ut
ilised an
Arduin
o
Uno
board that
wa
s conn
ecte
d to a PC
with
a
gra
phical u
s
er inte
rface (GUI) to
monit
o
r
the de
sired
para
m
eters [
1
], and Khai
ri et al.
d
e
velope
d a
wireless tem
perature m
onito
rin
g
system [2]. The data
were
sent thro
ugh
a wirel
e
ss n
e
twork in
whi
c
h the d
a
ta could be
observed
by usi
ng
an
L
C
D an
d p
o
rta
b
le
comp
uter.
Similar st
u
d
i
e
s we
re
al
so pre
s
ente
d
by
Goswami
et a
l
.,
Ibrahim, Kum
a
r
et al., and
Sigh an
d Su
d. [3]-[6]. Ho
wever,
appli
c
ations
of po
rtable a
nd m
o
bile
data loggi
ng
with se
nsors are al
so in de
mand [7]-[9].
Gene
rally, an
y mobile appl
ication is e
qui
pped with a g
l
obal po
sitioni
ng system (G
PS) in
orde
r to provi
de the coo
r
di
nates, time, speed
an
d dist
ance. The G
PS has been
utilised wi
del
y in
both scientifi
c
re
se
arch a
nd bu
sine
ss, such as
navigating for th
e accu
rate predictio
n of traffic
flow info
rmati
on, surveying
for
errors i
n
high
way
m
e
asu
r
em
ents, tracking
an
d surveill
an
ce of
high
altitude
UAVs, m
obil
e
ph
one
op
e
r
ation
s
, inte
rfacin
g
with G
P
RS a
s
a
n
outdoo
r
rem
o
te
wirel
e
ss data
coll
ection, a
porta
ble, weara
b
le
syst
em that e
n
h
ances
athlet
es’ perfo
rma
n
ce
s
[10]-[14], and
many more.
Furthe
rmo
r
e,
in o
u
tdoo
r
a
c
tivities, light
ning i
s
a
nat
ural
phe
nom
enon
of
whi
c
h pe
ople
sho
u
ld be a
w
are. Lightni
ng activity correlate
s
wit
h
the format
ion of thund
ercl
oud
s, wh
ich
increa
se
th
e atmosp
he
ric electri
c
field (AEF)
bet
wee
n
the
clo
u
d
a
nd the
ea
rth.
Observation
s
of
the devel
opm
ent of the
AEF will
allo
w t
he p
r
edi
ctio
n
of lightni
ng
activities
clo
s
e to a
pa
rticu
l
ar
locatio
n
. The
s
e
ob
servatio
ns
are
pa
rticularly im
porta
nt in
cou
n
trie
s
with hi
gh i
s
oke
r
au
nic lev
e
l
s
[15]-[17].
With regard to AEF, a study using
an
electr
i
c
field
mill was carri
ed out to develop a
thunde
rsto
rm
wa
rni
ng
alarm sy
stem [1
8
]. It was ba
se
d on
the
mea
s
ureme
n
t of
variation
s
in
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Arduin
o
-Uno
Based M
obile
Data Log
ger
with GPS Fe
ature (Muha
mm
ad Abu Baka
r Sidik)
251
AEF stationary observatio
n
stations.
Ho
wever, th
e con
s
tru
c
tio
n
of a
stati
onary
ob
servation unit
has re
quired
a hig
h
investment i
n
equi
pment
a
nd in
stallatio
n
s, in
clu
d
ing land,
to
wer, a
n
tenna, data acq
u
isitio
n,
a
nd
comp
uter.
Howeve
r, rapi
d devel
opme
n
ts in
tec
hno
logy have
m
ade it
po
ssib
l
e to d
e
velop
an
effective mo
bile data
log
ger
system
at a mu
ch
l
o
we
r
co
st. Intere
stingly, l
i
ttle research
has
investigate
d
mobile data l
oggin
g
relate
d to AEF measureme
n
t.
This pap
er p
r
ese
n
ts th
e d
e
v
elopment
of
a lo
w-
co
st m
obile
data l
o
g
ger device to
re
co
rd
temperature,
humidity, AEF mag
n
itude,
and
lo
cati
on
co
ordi
nate
s
. The
sy
stem
is d
e
velop
ed
by
usin
g the Arduino
-Uno b
oard e
n
viro
n
m
ent (A
rd
uio
-
Un
o) a
nd
Arduin
o
1.0.5 open p
r
oj
ect
softwa
r
e. In
the next
stu
d
y, a lo
w-co
st onli
ne
dat
a log
g
ing
sy
stem i
n
tegrated
with mo
b
ile
observation
stations will be developed.
2. Dev
e
lopment
proce
s
s
The d
e
velop
m
ent process con
s
i
s
ts
of two
p
a
rt
s: the
sele
ction
of
comp
one
nts
and the
prog
ram
m
ing
code. The h
a
rmo
n
ization
of the tw
o pa
rts will dete
r
mine the ove
r
all pe
rform
a
nce
of the device.
2.1. Compon
ents
o
v
er
v
i
e
w
The p
e
rfo
r
m
ance of a m
obile d
a
ta lo
gger
device
is dete
r
min
e
d by the sel
e
ction
of
comp
one
nts. Our review of
previou
s
stu
d
ies sh
o
w
ed
that Arduino
-Uno is
suitabl
e for application
in a mo
bile d
a
ta logg
er. S
e
veral a
ppli
c
ations
have b
een d
e
velop
e
d
by usi
ng Arduino
-Uno, such
as i
n
motio
n
, so
und,
a
nd respon
d
co
ntrol.
T
h
e ap
plication
ha
s b
een
widely
used
in
environ
menta
l
monitoring,
such as ob
servin
g clima
t
e chan
ge, green h
o
u
s
e
monitori
ng, ga
s
sen
s
o
r
s a
nd
so on [18]
-[21
].
Arduin
o
-Uno
use
s
the At
mega3
28 p
r
ogra
mmabl
e
integrate
d
ci
rcuit with 6
a
nalog
ue
inputs a
nd 14
digital i/o pins. Arduin
o
-Uno ope
rate
s
at 5 V, which
is accepta
b
le in most se
n
s
or
device
s
. In this current work, five anal
ogue in
put
s
were used to
receive inpu
t signal
s fro
m
a
temperature
and h
u
midity sen
s
o
r
. In a
ddition, the d
i
gital i/o wa
s use
d
for th
e GPS mod
u
l
e,
LEDs, L
CD m
odule, an
d SD Ca
rd mo
du
le. Figur
e 1 p
r
esents all
co
mpone
nts of the de
sign.
AR
D
U
I
N
O
UN
O
BOA
R
D
Hu
mid
i
t
y
Se
ns
o
r
‐
5V
‐
GND
‐
Di
g
i
t
a
l
‐
An
a
l
o
g
u
e
Te
m
p
e
r
at
u
r
e
Se
n
s
o
r
‐
3.3
V
‐
GND
‐
Di
g
i
t
a
l
‐
An
a
l
o
g
u
e
GP
S
Mo
d
u
l
e
‐
5V
‐
GN
D
‐
RX
‐
TX
SD
Ca
r
d
Mo
d
u
le
‐
MI
S
O
‐
SC
K
‐
SS
‐
MO
S
I
‐
5V
‐
GND
20
x
4
LC
D
‐
5V
‐
GN
D
‐
RS
,
E
‐
D4
‐
D7
Figure 1. Ard
u
ino Uno bo
a
r
d and all
rela
ted sen
s
o
r
s a
nd modul
es
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 13, No. 1, March 2
015 : 250 – 2
5
9
252
A NT
C the
r
m
i
stor-ba
s
e
d
t
e
mpe
r
ature
modul
e
(NT
C
-mod
ule) wa
s
sele
cted to
ob
serve
and
coll
ect t
e
mpe
r
ature
d
a
ta from
the
su
rroun
di
ng
s. Th
e
NT
C-module
i
s
su
itable fo
r m
o
bile
appli
c
ation
s
, and its sen
s
itivity
fulfils the desi
gn re
q
u
irem
ents of
the curre
n
t work. Comp
ared
with the LM3
5
temperatu
r
e sen
s
o
r
, the NTC-mo
dule
is more
sen
s
i
t
ive and makes fewe
r re
ad
ing
errors. It com
e
s
with two o
u
tputs: a
nalo
gue a
nd
di
git
a
l. Beca
use i
t
s po
we
r sup
p
ly ran
g
e
s
from
3.3 V to 5 V
DC, the NT
C-mod
u
le ca
n be use
d
im
m
ediately. Furt
herm
o
re, be
cause of its small
size (3
cm
x 1.6 cm
) t
he NTC-mo
d
u
le is ea
sily
put into
p
o
sition,
whi
c
h re
du
ce
s t
h
e
developm
ent co
st [22].
In additio
n
to the temp
eratu
r
e, a
n
importa
nt pa
ramete
r fo
r ob
servatio
n
is th
e
surro
undi
ng
humidity. Temperature a
nd humidit
y
have a rel
a
tive correla
t
ion, and b
o
th
parameters
will be used to describe the weather
conditions. A humidity
sensor module
wi
th a
pre
-
mou
n
ted HR202 humi
d
ity
sen
s
or was
utili
zed
to
observe va
ria
t
ions in
humi
d
ity. It operates
at 3.3 V to 5
V DC,
and it
can
be
used i
mmediat
ely t
o
mea
s
u
r
e
h
u
midity. Operating in
20-9
5
%
RH
with accu
racy of ±5%
RH, it is
suita
b
le for many
appli
c
ation
s
[13].
Furthe
rmo
r
e,
a SKM53
GPS Starter Kit (GPS-m
odule
)
was
utilized to
a
c
qui
re the
positio
n of the data bein
g
colle
cted. T
he GPS mod
u
le is eq
uipp
ed with an e
m
bedd
ed pat
ch
GPS antenn
a 18.2 x 18.2 x 4.0 mm
3
. It provides a solid fix, even in harsh GPS visibility
environ
ment
s, as well a
s
high-pe
rform
ance n
a
vi
gati
on in
string
e
n
t appli
c
atio
n
s
. It in
clud
es an
ultra-high
sen
s
itivity (-165
dBm) re
ceive
r
and a
n
internal ba
ck-up
battery. Its entire dime
nsi
o
n
s
are 39 x 50 mm
2
. In addition to the position data, the GPS-mod
u
le also p
r
ov
ides info
rmati
o
n
rega
rdi
ng alti
tude, time, date, and spe
ed. The
alm
ana
c data i
s
provide
d
by satellites. T
he
positio
n is o
b
tained by
determi
ning i
t
s distan
ce
f
r
om visibl
e
satellite
s
an
d by usin
g the
triangul
ation
method to ca
lculate it. GPS data is con
f
igured a
c
cording to stand
ard
s
set by the
Nation
al Ma
ri
ne Ele
c
tro
n
ics Asso
ciatio
n
(NMEA)
. In
the current
study, the info
rmation
take
n
from the GPS module in
clu
ded the po
siti
on, date, and
time.
All
data we
re saved
in a se
cure digital (SD) ca
rd, whi
c
h
i
s
a
typical
flash
-
ba
se
d memory
card de
sign
e
d
spe
c
ifically to meet the se
cu
rity, perf
o
rma
n
ce, an
d environ
me
ntal requi
rem
ents
of this stu
d
y. The SD
ca
rd
wa
s secure
d
in t
he SD
ca
rd modul
e BB-SD-007
1 SD card b
r
ea
ko
ut
board. It very com
patible
with Ard
u
ino
and
can
be o
perate
d
with
a po
wer supp
ly of only 3 V or
5
V DC. T
he
module
also
has
a b
u
ilt in logi
c-level
shifter,
so fo
r the data i
n
terface, it ca
n
be
con
n
e
c
ted directly to the Arduino
Uno b
o
a
rd with
out a
n
external ci
rcuit.
Finally, a 20
x 4 cha
r
a
c
ter LCD was used for i
n
sta
n
t displ
a
y du
rin
g
the data
lo
gging. T
h
e
LCD 2
0
x4
wa
s
sele
cted
be
cau
s
e
its
si
ze
is
ade
quat
e
and it i
s
able
to display a
g
r
eat a
m
ou
nt
o
f
data. The co
mpone
nts an
d device
s
con
necte
d to Ard
u
ino are sh
o
w
n in Tabl
e 1
.
2.2. Programming
flo
w
c
h
a
r
t
Arduin
o
provi
des the “Ad
u
i
no.exe” free
wa
re for users developi
ng
prog
ram
m
ing
code
s.
An extensive
refe
ren
c
e
li
bra
r
y of
co
mpone
nt
s i
s
incl
ude
d
wi
th the free
ware,
whi
c
h
wa
s
develop
ed b
y
various su
pportive Ard
u
ino commu
nities. C lan
guag
e wa
s use
d
to writ
e the
prog
ram
m
ing
code in the
Arduin
o
free
ware environ
ment. It consi
s
ts of main a
prog
ram
m
e a
nd a
sub
r
outin
e p
r
ogra
mme. A
s
sh
own in Fi
gure
2, the
code
start
s
by
impo
rting all
relate
d lib
ra
ry
items to th
e
main p
r
og
ra
mme, which
config
ure
the
Arduin
o
mi
croco
n
trolle
r a
n
d
sen
s
or mod
u
les.
Subse
que
ntly, the global variable
s
are
decla
red.
T
he output- a
nd input-dire
c
tion po
rts of
the
microcontroll
er
are
ba
se
d
on th
e
GPS
module,
t
he
LCD, the te
m
peratu
r
e
an
d
humidity
sen
s
or
module, a
s
well as othe
r sensors.
The subrouti
ne flowcha
r
t
is s
hown in
Figure 3. In a norm
a
l con
d
ition, the su
broutin
e
woul
d o
perate in
a l
oop
co
ntinuou
sly, u
n
less it
was stopped by the
obse
r
ver. In the first step, the
microcontroll
er would be
r
equested to detect the se
nsors’ avail
a
bility. If
the sensors were
not
found, an error me
ssage t
hen would a
p
pear. Oth
e
rw
i
s
e, the next comman
d
wo
u
l
d be execute
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Arduin
o
-Uno
Based M
obile
Data Log
ger
with GPS Fe
ature (Muha
mm
ad Abu Baka
r Sidik)
253
Table 1. Co
m
pone
nts an
d Devices
DEVICE A
R
D
U
IN
O
UNO
T
y
pe
Pin
Pin
Temper
ature Se
nsor Module
Vcc
3V and AREF
GND
GND
D0
A0 A0
Humidit
y
Sensor
Module
Vcc
5V
GND
GND
D0
A0 A1
Another sensor
A0 A2
Rotating Electric Field Mill
A0 A3
GPS Module
Vcc
5V
GND
GND
TX RX
RX
LED 1
D2
LED 2
D3
LED 3
MISO D12
SD Card Mo
dule
SCK D13
MISO D12
MOSI
D11
SS D10
Vcc
5V
GND
GND
LCD 20
x4
GND
GND
Vcc
5V
PO
T
RS D4
VDD GND
E D5
DB4 D6
DB5 D7
DB6 D8
DB7 D9
LED+
LED-
GND
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 13, No. 1, March 2
015 : 250 – 2
5
9
254
Figure 2. Flow ch
art of the
Main Prog
ra
m
Figure 3. Fl
owcha
r
t of PROG
RAM LO
OP
3. Resul
t
s
and
discussion
The assembl
ed components are shown in Figu
re 4. This prototype is utilised in the
testing process. A proper
casing
design will be carried out after
the results of
the testing
are
confirmed.
Figure 4. Mobile data log
g
e
r
The te
sting
wa
s
carrie
d
out both
in
si
de a
nd
outsi
de the
lab
o
ratory (fiel
d
-te
s
ting). All
tests were ca
rrie
d
out to examine the ha
rmoni
zation of
all compo
n
e
n
ts of the device.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Arduin
o
-Uno
Based M
obile
Data Log
ger
with GPS Fe
ature (Muha
mm
ad Abu Baka
r Sidik)
255
3.1. Labora
t
ory
Experiment
Testing in
sid
e
the laboratory wa
s ca
rri
ed out
first. The testing in
cluded ob
se
rv
ations of
the su
rroun
di
ng temp
eratu
r
e a
nd h
u
mid
i
ty. The ex
pe
riment
wa
s
carri
ed o
u
t in t
he Actu
ator
a
n
d
System Labo
ratory, Unive
r
siti Teknolo
g
i Mala
ysia, UTM Joh
o
r Ba
hru. It was
condu
cted o
n
2
0
March 20
14 at 12:05 pm. Based on th
e GPS data,
the latitude and longitu
d
e
of the loca
tion
were 1.55
93
80 N a
nd 1
03.642
433 E
,
resp
ectively
. The observ
a
tion wa
s
ca
rrie
d
out for a
duratio
n of o
ne minute
wit
h
500
data re
trieved; t
here
f
ore, the data
intervals
we
re app
roximat
e
ly
0.12 se
con
d
. In other wo
rd
s, the spee
d of the
data collectio
n wa
s 8.33 data pe
r second. Figu
re
5 and Fi
gure
6 illustrate th
e results
of temperatur
e and humidity observat
ions,
respectively. T
he
results
showed that in the firs
t 5
seconds, the
data oscillated
be
fore reaching a steady state.
This in
stabilit
y was related
to the energi
sing p
r
o
c
e
ss
of the Arduin
o
Uno b
oard.
Figure 5. Te
mperature
s
with Time
Figure 6. Hu
midity with Time
3.2.
Field testin
g
In the field-testing, the hu
midity and temperat
ure
se
nso
r
s
we
re lo
cated o
n
the roof of a
car,
as sho
w
n in Fi
gu
re 7,
and
the
prot
ot
ype data
lo
gger,
equi
pp
ed
with the
G
PS system,
wa
s
placed in
side
the vehicle.
Figure 7. Sensors an
d
data
logger pl
ace
m
ent
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
9
30
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 13, No. 1, March 2
015 : 250 – 2
5
9
256
The ve
hicle
moved fo
r a
b
out 1
hou
r, 9
minutes,
an
d
30
se
con
d
s (i
.e., from 1
4
:2
6:31 to
15:36:01
), col
l
ecting th
e
su
rro
undi
ng te
mperature
an
d
humi
dity levels, as well
as the
date, ti
me,
latitude an
d l
ongitud
e
. Th
e data
we
re
collecte
d
at
int
e
rvals of 1
se
con
d
. The
r
e
were 1,09
2 d
a
ta
logge
d du
rin
g
the data
collectio
n. A part of the
collected d
a
ta, whi
c
h was
re
trieved from
SD
car
d
s by
u
s
in
g Micr
os
of
t
E
x
ce
l, is sh
own in Figure 8.
Figure 8. Snapsh
o
t data fro
m
MS Excel
The d
a
ta
sa
mple i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
ted in
Figu
re 9,
whi
c
h i
n
dicate
s th
at a
t
first, the te
mperature
increa
sed
g
r
eatly wh
en t
he
sen
s
o
r
was
po
sition
e
d
at the
begi
n
ning
of the
o
b
se
rvation. A
fte
r
about 3 minut
es, the tempe
r
ature tended
to stab
ilize a
nd slo
w
ly increased to more than 40
C. A
light rain
sta
r
ted
wh
en th
e car ha
d b
een
moving
for a
bout
15
minute
s
,
wh
ich
ca
used
the
temperature
to drop
sh
arpl
y. However, t
he o
b
served
humidity level was
c
o
ns
tant, indic
a
ting t
hat
the humidity sen
s
o
r
did no
t respo
nd to the ch
ang
e in the surro
undi
ng co
ndition
s.
Figure 9. Part of collecte
d
data of te
mpe
r
ature and h
u
m
idity over 20 minutes
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
20
25
30
35
40
45
14:
24:
00
14:
26:
53
14:
29:
46
14:
32:
38
14:
35:
31
14:
38:
24
14:
41:
17
14:
44:
10
14:
47:
02
14:
49:
55
Hu
m
i
d
i
t
y
(
%
)
T
e
m
p
er
a
t
ur
e (
C)
Ti
m
e
(
s
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
9
30
Arduin
o
-Uno
Based M
obile
Data Log
ger
with GPS Fe
ature (Muha
mm
ad Abu Baka
r Sidik)
257
In order to v
e
rify the
ope
ration
of the
te
mperature
and humidity
se
ns
or
s,
a
t
e
st
wa
s
con
d
u
c
ted by
com
pari
ng t
he tempe
r
atu
r
e an
d hu
mid
i
ty data from
the pr
ototype device with
a
device
certifi
ed by SI
RIM
Berh
ad. T
h
e
devices we
re po
sition
ed
clo
s
e to
gethe
r
for 1
0
min
u
t
es
prio
r to the data colle
cti
on to ensu
r
e that
all sensors we
re
adapted to
the surroun
ding
con
d
ition
s
. Table 2
sho
w
s that the two devi
c
e
s
had different
readi
ng
s. The tren
d of the
temperature wa
s
simil
a
r, with
an ave
r
a
ge di
screp
a
n
c
y of 3.18
C. Furthe
r c
a
lib
ration
wo
rk
c
o
uld
be ca
rri
ed out
to solve this probl
em.
The
discrepa
ncie
s i
n
th
e h
u
midity data
betwe
en th
e t
w
o
devices were
extrem
e.
Hen
c
e,
further inve
stigation
s
of th
e capa
city of the
HR2
02
humidity sen
s
or ap
plied i
n
the m
obile
dat
a
logge
r will be
con
d
u
c
ted.
Table 2. Co
m
pari
s
on
Re
sul
t
s of Tempe
r
ature an
d Hu
midity
Date
Time
Place
De
v
elo
ped de
v
i
ce
Produc
t is cer
tif
ied b
y
SIRIM
T
(
°
C
)
H
(%
)
T
(
°
C
)
H
(%
)
06/02/2014
12:04 p.m.
IVAT Laboratory
25.21
53.83
29.5
73
07/02/2014
2.45 p.m.
AHU Room
28.01
54.88
31
78
08/02/2014
3:20 p.m.
FKE stud
y
corn
e
r
25.05
58.74
27
77
09/02/2014
3:51
p.m.
Sensor and Actu
ator
Laborato
ry
23.03
50.42
26.5
46
In additio
n
, to
validate
the
GPS data, th
e GPS
data
wa
s tran
sferred to
the
Goo
g
le m
a
p
s
tracking software.
The result
s
illustrated in Figure
10
show that the GPS collected the
c
o
ordinate data ac
curately;
thus
,
its
perf
o
rmance was s
a
tis
f
ac
tory.
Figure 10. Lo
cation T
r
a
cki
ng Map
The p
r
ototyp
e devi
c
e
wa
s de
sign
ed to
be a
s
com
p
a
c
t a
s
p
o
ssibl
e
so that it
could
be
carrie
d an
d p
o
sition
ed e
a
si
ly. It can be
p
o
we
red
by
u
s
ing the
USB
port of
com
p
uter n
o
tebo
ok or
a cig
a
rette li
ghter in
sid
e
an autom
obil
e
. It al
so co
uld be
po
wered thro
ugh
a
DC
barrel
-
type
power conn
e
c
tor.
The total
am
ount of
spa
c
e u
s
ed
by th
e programmi
ng
code
was 24.24
kbyte
s
of 3
2
kbytes in At
mega3
2’s fla
s
h mem
o
ry.
However, a
probl
em wa
s found
reg
a
rdin
g the d
a
ta
colle
ction fro
m
sen
s
o
r
s, i
n
whi
c
h the micropr
ocessor (Atmeg
a3
2) co
uld not
read the
sen
s
ors
con
c
u
r
rently. Con
s
e
que
ntly, when d
a
ta from t
he f
i
rst
sen
s
o
r
wa
s sto
r
ed i
n
sid
e
the fla
s
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
9
30
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 13, No. 1, March 2
015 : 250 – 2
5
9
258
memory, the data woul
d not merge with
new data
fro
m
another
se
nso
r
. In order to address thi
s
probl
em, tim
e
delay
and
memo
ry di
scharging
co
mmand
s al
so should
be
adde
d
to t
he
prog
ram
m
ing
se
ction.
Th
e comma
nd
cod
e
sho
u
ld
be
pla
c
ed
before
the
n
e
xt sen
s
o
r
wa
s
acce
ssed.
In additio
n
to
the temp
era
t
ure a
nd
hu
midity sen
s
o
r
port, the
p
r
o
t
otype device
is
also
equip
ped
wit
h
a po
rt for
rotating the el
ectri
c
field mi
ll (REFM
)
. Usually, the
REFM is utili
se
d to
observe the
AEF magnitu
de. Beca
us
e the output of t
he REFM i
s
a
DC
sign
al, it can b
e
attach
ed
to the protot
ype device.
Figur
e 11 sh
ows a typica
l output sign
al from a de
veloping
REFM.
Ho
wever, be
cau
s
e
the de
velopment of
REFM
for
mobile
appli
cations is on
g
o
ing, the
current
pape
r co
uld n
o
t present a result rel
a
ted to the mobile
data logg
er.
Figure 11. Typical o
u
tput si
gnal from d
e
velopin
g
REF
M
Another imp
o
rtant co
mpo
nent of the mob
ile devi
c
e is the GPS module. The GPS
module
utilises
satellite i
n
formation to
provide
out
p
u
t
data. Inform
ation ab
out t
h
e time a
nd
date
provided by satellites is very
accurate. In the current
study, th
e GPS module needed at least
a
10-mi
nute sta
r
t-up
before reliable d
a
ta
wa
s obtain
e
d
because the
module
nee
ded to sea
r
ch for
and
read
the
sign
als f
r
om
satellite
s
. Th
e dista
n
ce
of
the mod
u
le from the
satelli
tes al
so
affected
the duratio
n o
f
the start-up.
Curre
n
tly, the devi
c
e
dev
elope
d h
e
re
is o
n
ly u
s
ed
offline. The
collecte
d
d
a
ta, whi
c
h
were auto
m
at
ically saved i
n
the SD
card, were
retrie
ved and a
nal
ysed u
s
in
g a
PC. Ho
weve
r, an
online
system
will be devel
oped in th
e future [23]-[25]
.
In the meanti
me, the SD Card
can b
e
sti
ll
utilised as back-up
storage
if the online system presents problem
s
.
4. Conclu
sion
The
de
sign
a
nd d
e
velopm
ent of
a lo
w-cost m
o
bile
da
ta logg
er was su
cce
ssfully
carrie
d
out. The la
bo
ratory a
nd o
u
t
door te
sting
results
sho
w
ed that the d
e
velope
d dev
ice
satisfa
c
to
rily
perfo
rmed
th
e re
qui
red
ob
servatio
ns an
d data
log
g
in
g. All co
mpo
nents worked
pro
p
e
r
ly at
an
accepta
b
le speed. The d
e
v
ice perfo
rme
d
we
ll when a
p
plied
with a DC in
put sig
n
a
l.
Referen
ces
[1] G
Gasparesc.
Devel
o
p
m
ent
o
f
a l
o
w
-
cost sy
stem for te
mp
e
r
ature
monitor
i
ng.
20
13
3
6
t
h In
te
rn
a
t
io
na
l
Confer
ence
on
T
e
lecommu
nic
a
tions a
nd Si
g
nal
Proc
essin
g
,
T
SP 2013, Rome. 201
3: 34
0-34
3.
[2]
NA Kha
i
ri, AB
Jambek, T
W
Boon,
U Ha
shim.
Des
i
gn and an
alysis of
a
w
i
reless
temp
eratur
e
mo
nitori
ng sys
tem.
RSM
2013: 2013 IEEE
Regional S
y
m
posium on Micr
o and Nano El
ectronics
.
201
3: 105-
108.
[3]
A G
o
s
w
a
m
i, T
Bezbor
uah, K
C
Sarma. An
embe
dde
d d
e
s
i
gn for a
u
toma
tic temperatur
e contro
ller
.
Internatio
na
l Journ
a
l of Adva
nced En
gi
neer
i
ng & Appl
icati
o
n.
2011; 1: 88-
93.
[4]
D Ibra
him. Mic
r
ocontro
ller
b
a
s
ed tem
perat
ur
e mo
nitori
ng
a
nd c
ontrol.
Els
e
vier
Science
& Technology
Books. 200
2:
2
-
61.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Arduin
o
-Uno
Based M
obile
Data Log
ger
with GPS Fe
ature (Muha
mm
ad Abu Baka
r Sidik)
259
[5]
A Kumar, IP
Singh, SK Sud.
Desig
n
an
d deve
l
op
men
t
of multi-cha
nne
l data lo
g
ger for buil
t
envir
on
me
nt.
Internati
o
n
a
l M
u
ltiCo
nfere
n
ce
of Eng
i
n
eers
an
d Com
put
er Scie
ntists
201
0, IMECS
201
0. 201
0: 99
3-99
8.
[6]
NM Sin
gh, K
C
Sarma. D
e
si
g
n
a
nd
dev
elo
p
m
ent of
l
o
w
c
o
st pc
base
d
r
eal tim
e
tem
p
erature
an
d
humi
d
it
y
m
o
n
i
torin
g
s
y
st
em.
Internati
o
n
a
l Jo
urna
l of Electr
onics
a
nd Co
mputer
Sci
ence Engi
neer
in
g.
201
2; 1: 1588-
159
2.
[7]
S Nur HM,
W
Suhaim
i
zan
W
Z
, A Joret, M Maha
di A
J
.
D
e
si
gn
an
d d
e
v
el
op
me
n
t
o
f
wi
re
l
e
ss
stethoscop
e
w
i
th dat
a lo
gg
in
g functio
n
.
2013 IEEE Inter
national Co
nference on Control
S
y
stem,
Comp
uting a
n
d
Engin
eeri
ng, ICCSCE
2
013,
Pena
ng, Mal
a
ysia. 201
3: 132-
135.
[8]
PS Ross, A Bourke, B Fresia. A multi-sensor lo
g
ger for rock cores: Method
ol
og
y an
d prel
imin
ar
y
results from the Matagam
i mi
nin
g
camp, Ca
nad
a.
Ore Geology R
e
view
s.
201
3; 53: 93-1
11.
[9]
T
H
Khan, KA
W
ahid. A porta
ble
w
i
r
e
l
e
ss bo
d
y
s
ensor
d
a
ta
logg
er an
d its app
licati
on i
n
vide
o caps
ul
e
end
osco
p
y
.
Mi
croproc
essors and
Micr
osyste
m
s.
20
14; 38: 42-5
2
.
[10]
CT
Li, XW
Ha
n
,
YZ
Sun.
Des
i
gn of
dyn
a
mic
vehicl
e
navi
gat
ion ter
m
ina
l
b
a
s
ed o
n
GPS/GPRS.
20
14;
472: 23
7-2
41.
[11]
SY Jiang, Z
W
W
e
i.
GPS appli
c
ation i
n
hi
ghw
ay survey.
201
4; 838-8
41: 20
04-2
009.
[12]
C Vinc
enzo
A, VR Bara
ni
ell
o
, L Cica
l
a.
Hi
g
h
altitu
de
UAV
navi
gatio
n us
i
ng IMU, GPS and c
a
mera.
201
3: 647-
654.
[13]
H W
ang, Z
Chen.
The outdoor data collection system
with GPRS.
2014; 8
46-8
47: 10
98-1
101.
[14]
M Arebe
y, M
A
Han
n
a
n
, H
Basri.
Inte
gra
t
ed co
mmu
n
ic
ation
for truck
monitor
i
n
g
i
n
soli
d w
a
ste
collection system
s.
20
13; 82
3
7
: 70-80.
[15]
MAB Sidik,
H
Ahmad. On
th
e Stud
y
of Mo
dern
i
zed
Li
ght
nin
g
Air T
e
rmi
nal.
Inter
natio
n
a
l R
e
view
of
Electrical E
ngi
neer
ing-Ire
e
.
2
008; 3: 1-8.
[16]
MAB Sidik,
H
Ahmad, Z
A
M
a
le
k, Z Buntat, N Bashir, MIA Zarin
,
et al
.
I
nduc
ed V
o
lta
g
e
o
n
Obj
e
cts
und
er Six-Pha
s
e T
r
ansmissi
o
n
Lin
e
.
201
1 Ieee Re
gio
n
10
Confer
ence T
encon 2
0
1
1
.
20
11: 968-
97
0.
[17]
MAB Sidik, H
Ahmad, Z S
a
la
m, Z
Buntat,
OL Mun,
N B
a
shir
,
et al
.
Stu
d
y
o
n
th
e effe
ctiveness
o
f
light
nin
g
rod tip
s
in capturi
ng li
ghtni
ng l
ead
er
s.
Electrical En
gin
eeri
ng.
20
1
3
; 95: 367-
381.
[18]
J Lopez, E Pe
rez, J Herrera, D Arangur
en,
L Porras.
T
hund
erstor
m w
a
rnin
g alar
ms
meth
od
olo
g
y
usin
g electric fi
eld
mil
l
s an
d li
ghtni
ng lo
c
a
tio
n
netw
o
rks in mo
unta
i
no
us regi
ons.
Lig
h
tni
ng Protectio
n
(ICLP), 2012 In
ternatio
nal C
o
n
f
erence o
n
. 20
12: 1-6.
[19]
P Par
w
e
k
ar, A Gupta, S Arora.
Applicati
on of
Sensor in Sh
o
e
.
2014; 2
47: 4
09-4
16.
[20]
DK F
i
sher, R Sui. An in
e
x
pe
n
s
ive op
en-s
our
ce ul
traso
n
ic s
ensi
ng s
y
stem
for monitori
ng l
i
qui
d lev
e
ls.
Agricult
ural En
gin
eeri
ng Inter
natio
nal: CIGR
Journa
l.
201
3; 15: 328-3
34.
[21]
C Pen
g
, J Ya
ng, B
Xue, Y
Che
n
, X Z
h
u, Y Z
hang
,
et a
l
.
Devel
opme
n
t of a lo
w
-
po
wer bro
adb
an
d
seismomet
e
r-i
ntegrate
d
data
log
ger.
Acta Seis
m
o
logica Sinica.
20
14; 36:
146-1
55.
[22]
MJA Khan, M
R
Imam, J Uddi
n, MAR Sa
rkar.
Automat
ed fire fighting
system
with sm
ok
e and
temp
eratur
e de
tection.
20
12: 232-
235.
[23]
YH
Xi
ong,
SY
W
an, Y H
e
, D
Su. Des
i
g
n
a
n
d
im
pl
em
entati
on
of a
pr
otot
ype c
l
ou
d v
i
d
e
o
surve
ill
anc
e
sy
s
t
e
m
.
Jour
na
l of Advance
d
Co
mp
utation
a
l
In
telli
genc
e an
d Intelli
ge
nt Informatics.
201
4
;
18: 40-47.
[24]
N Sulta
n
. Mak
i
ng
use
of clo
ud com
puti
ng
for hea
lthcar
e provisi
on:
Opp
o
rt
uniti
es an
d
chall
e
n
ges.
Internatio
na
l Journ
a
l of Infor
m
ati
on Ma
nag
ement.
201
4; 3
4
: 177-1
84.
[25]
LH
Xu,
LL Y
a
n
g
, RH W
e
i.
Design of
a greenhouse
v
i
sualiz
ati
on system
based on cloud com
p
uting
and a
ndr
oid sy
stem.
20
14; 51
9-52
0: 145
3-14
58.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.