TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol.12, No
.2, June 20
14
, pp. 325~3
3
2
ISSN: 1693-6
930,
accredited
A
by DIKTI, De
cree No: 58/DIK
T
I/Kep/2013
DOI
:
10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v12i2.1784
325
Re
cei
v
ed Se
ptem
ber 28, 2013; Revi
se
d March 18, 2
014; Accepte
d
April 3, 201
4
Phase Open Fault Tolerant Control of High Reliabilit
y
Doubly-Salient Wound-Field Machine
Li
w
e
i Shi
1,2
*, Bo
Zhou
1
1
Shando
ng U
n
iversit
y
of T
e
chnol
og
y,
Z
i
bo, S
han
do
ng, 25
50
91, Chi
na
2
Aero-Po
w
er
Scienc
e-T
e
chnolo
g
y
Cent
er/ Nanj
in
g Un
iv
er
sit
y
of Aero
na
u
t
ics and Astron
autics, Nan
jin
g
210
01
6, Chin
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: shili
w
e
i@s
d
u
t.edu.cn
A
b
st
r
a
ct
Dou
b
ly Sal
i
en
t W
ound-F
i
eld
Machine (D
SW
F
M) can
be e
m
pl
oye
d
on aer
ona
utic
s starter-
gen
erator
bec
a
u
se
it h
a
s g
o
o
d
perfor
m
ance
o
n
b
o
th
pow
er
g
ener
ation
a
n
d
starting. To
i
m
prove
the
syste
m
relia
bi
lity, a three-p
hase fo
ur
brid
ge l
egs co
nverter w
h
ic
h
has fault tol
e
ra
nt capa
bil
i
ty is prop
osed to s
o
lve
one p
has
e op
e
n
-circuit fau
l
t probl
em
of the DSW
F
M. And the adv
anta
ge
of
the prop
ose
d
converter to
the
full-bridge converter fault-tolerant
m
o
de is
analy
z
e
d. With the study
of
DSWFM theory and tor
que
equ
atio
n, a constant torqu
e
fault-
tol
e
rant strategy is pr
opo
sed to
kee
p
the perfor
m
a
n
ce
and re
duce t
h
e
torque ripple. T
he
drive syst
em
after fault
identificat
ion c
a
n be r
e
constructed by
the proposed method, and
the mach
ine
p
e
rformanc
e ca
n recov
e
r qu
ic
kly. Simula
ti
on
s confir
m the
feasib
ilit
y of th
e pro
pose
d
fa
ult
tolerant system.
Ke
y
w
ords
:
Do
ubly Sa
lie
nt Electro-mag
net Machi
ne (DSW
F
M);
F
ault T
o
le
rant; Converte
r; Phase Open
1. Introduc
tion
Dou
b
ly Salient Woun
d-Fi
e
l
d Machine (DSWF
M
) is
a
new type of bru
s
hle
s
s DC machi
n
e
that come
s from DSPM
by using fiel
d windi
ng in
stead of p
e
rmanent ma
g
net excitatio
n
in
1990
s[1]-[3]. Its armatu
re
windi
ng
s and
exci
tation winding
s a
r
e
both mou
n
te
d on the SRM-
stru
ctured
stator, and it i
s
with
simil
a
r
salie
nt roto
r stru
cture to
SRM roto
r. DSWFM ha
s
such
advantag
es a
s
simpl
e
stru
cture, lo
w co
st, high re
lia
b
ility and good
fault-tolera
nce [4]-[6]. Thus it
has go
od
ap
plicatio
n p
r
o
s
pect
s
in
ma
n
y
fields
incl
u
d
ing
win
d
p
o
w
er g
ene
rati
on, ae
ro
nauti
cs,
astro
nauti
cs, automobil
e
s and
ship
s,
es
peci
a
lly in engine sta
r
ter-g
enerator.
The reliability of the DSWFM system i
s
extr
em
ely important in starter-generator, fuel
transmissio
n and b
r
a
k
ing
appli
c
ation. T
o
improve th
e reliability o
f
the whole
system, several
pape
rs
have
studied
abo
ut the devel
opment for f
aul
t tolera
nt inverter
syst
em, becau
se
the
inverter is th
e wea
k
e
s
t lin
k of th
e mot
o
r d
r
ive
s
y
s
t
em[7]-[12]. B
u
t these papers jus
t
focus
on
traditional
m
a
chi
ne
su
ch
as PM
ma
chin
e a
nd i
n
ductio
n
m
a
chine. A
s
DS
WFM
ma
chi
ne i
s
defere
n
t from
those tra
d
itio
nal ma
chi
ne,
it is n
e
cessa
r
y to develop
a ne
w fault
-
to
lerant to
polo
g
y
and a ne
w co
ntrol strategy to improve
th
e reliability of the DSWF
M system.
Based
on th
e
analysi
s
of
speci
a
l characterist
ics of
DSWFM syste
m
,
this pa
pe
r
prop
oses
a simpl
e
fault detection
an
d isolatio
n scheme
whe
n
a open
-swit
c
h fault occu
r in the full-b
r
i
dge
inverter
of DSWFM. After fault identification, f
aulty
leg will b
e
isolate
d
by control
sign
al. The
s
y
s
t
em after faults
is
operated with fault tole
rant mo
de. The the
o
r
etical
ope
rat
i
ng pri
n
ci
ple
of
DSWF
M and
the prop
osed fault det
ection id
entif
ication al
gori
t
hm are exp
l
ained in d
e
tail.
Simulation re
sults ve
rify the prop
osed fa
ult tolerant scheme.
2.Principle and Analy
s
is
The typical structu
r
e of DSWFM is sh
own in
Figu
re 1: It has 12 stator pole
s
, 8 rotor
pole
s
and f
our excitatio
n
windi
ng coils. Each
stator ha
s a con
c
e
n
rate
d
phase wind
ing
s
indep
ende
ntly, and the phase win
d
ing
coils
with the
same el
ect
r
ic an
gle is li
nke
d
in se
rie
s
,
whi
c
h build P
hase A, B and C.
In the do
uble
-
beat
workin
g
mode, a
full-b
r
idge
in
verte
r
is
the be
st
in
v
e
rter topol
ogy used
for DSWFM, it is sho
w
n in
Figure 2.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 12, No. 2, June 20
14: 325 – 33
2
326
Figure 1 Cross se
ction of DSWFM
Figure 2. Full-bri
dge
conve
r
ter topol
ogy on
DSWF
M
Without the
consi
derati
on
of such facto
r
s a
s
si
de eff
e
ct, magn
etic relu
ctan
ce o
f
core,
and
so on, th
e pha
se
self-indu
ctan
ce
p
L
and mutu
al-i
ndu
ctan
ce be
tween p
h
a
s
e
and excitin
g
windi
ng
p
f
L
of each ph
ase make
s the dist
ribution in Fig
u
re 3. And its values h
a
ve relation
shi
p
with roto
r ang
le but not with stator
curre
n
t. While the pha
se current
p
i
is sho
w
n in
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Output torque of
a norm
a
l DS
WFM
One ph
ase torque e
quatio
n
of DSWFM i
s
sh
own in [14]
p
pf
2
pp
p
f
pr
pf
dd
1
2d
d
LL
Ti
i
i
TT
(1)
Whe
r
e
p
T
is the
output torq
u
e
of pha
se p,
p
r
T
is the ph
ase
magneti
c
re
sistan
ce torqu
e
,
p
f
T
is the
pha
se
excitation to
rque, if is th
e
excitation
current,
p
L
is the p
hase self-ind
uctan
c
e,
Lpf is the mut
ual-in
d
u
c
tan
c
e,
is the roto
r po
sition an
g
l
e. For a 1
2
/8
poles
DS
WF
M, the output
torque
of a n
o
rmal
DSWF
M can
be d
r
a
w
n in Fig
u
re 1. Gene
rally,
p
r
T
is mu
ch sma
ller than
p
f
T
in their ab
sol
u
te values.
p
r
T
produ
ce
d by two pha
se winding
s can cancel
out ea
ch other [14]. Whe
n
switch
T1,
T4 a
r
e tu
rne
d
on, p
h
a
s
e A
and
C
wo
rks,
in oth
e
r
wo
rds, the
ma
chi
ne
wo
ks in [0
°, 15°]
se
cto
r
in
Figure1, for e
x
ample:
ac
ii
i
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Phase
Open
Fault Toleran
t
Control of Hi
gh Re
li
ability
Dou
b
ly-Salie
nt .... (Liwei Shi)
327
The po
sitive
curre
n
t in ph
ase A p
r
o
d
u
c
es p
o
sitive to
rque
due to t
he in
cre
a
si
ng
flux, the
negative
cu
rrent of ph
ase
C al
so
pr
o
d
u
c
e p
o
sitive to
rque
du
e to t
he d
r
op
ping fl
ux. So the ou
tput
torque of ph
a
s
e A and C i
s
:
2
aa
f
aa
a
f
2
cc
f
cc
c
f
1d
d
2d
d
1d
d
2d
d
L
L
Ti
i
i
L
L
Ti
i
i
(2)
Becau
s
e of
ac
dd
dd
LL
,
22
ac
ac
1d
1
d
2d
2
d
L
L
ii
, Let
af
c
f
L
dd
dd
LL
k
(3)
So the total output torque
of the machin
e is :
af
cf
ea
c
a
f
c
f
dd
dd
L
L
TT
T
i
i
i
i
pf
f
L
22
Ti
i
k
(
4)
3. Fault Tole
r
ant Me
chan
ism of DSWFM
3.1 Fault Detection an
d Identific
a
tion
Becau
s
e
of the T1, T2 ope
n fault has th
e sam
e
perfo
rma
c
e with p
hase A open
windi
ng,
both of
the
p
hase
windi
ng
s a
n
d
inverte
r
failu
re
ca
n
be
cla
ssifie
d
as
pha
se
op
e
n
fault. Moi
s
t
u
re,
overhe
at, ero
s
ion envi
r
on
ment and the impact of
external forces ca
n ca
use damag
e to the
DSWF
M wi
n
d
ing, the
s
e f
ault can al
so
be
divided i
n
to op
en-ci
rcuit fault and
sho
r
t-circuit f
ault.
The inve
rter i
s
the
wea
k
e
s
t link of the
system,
it can
be suffered
by the ope
n-circuit fault a
nd
sho
r
t-circuit fault. The open-ci
rcuit fault occu
rs due to over-cu
r
rent or control d
e
v
ice
deterio
ratio
n
, the sho
r
t-circuit fault also
often happ
en
s be
cau
s
e of
over-volta
ge.
The ph
ase
short fault
s
are often p
r
ote
c
ted
by fu
se.
So this p
a
p
e
r mai
n
ly introdu
ced
pha
se op
en faults.
For
example,
in Figu
re
2
,
when
ph
ase C i
s
open,
it sho
u
ld b
e
remove
d im
medietly.
Then
ph
ase
A and
B
can
not form
a
ci
rciut lo
op
with
pha
se
C. As sh
own i
n
Fi
gure
3, in
[1
5°,
30°], the outp
u
t torque
of the moto
r is
n
o
rmal. Bu
t th
e motor
outp
u
t torque
is
0
in [0°, 15°].
and
[30°, 45°], as sho
w
n in Fi
gure 3. So i
t
is nec
ess
a
ry to rec
o
ns
truc
t the s
y
s
t
em c
onverter
to
achi
eve fault-tolerant op
eration.
Phase
op
en f
ault dete
c
tion
ca
n b
e
reali
z
ed by th
re
e-p
hase
curre
n
t
sen
s
o
r
. Be
ca
use
the
three
-
ph
ase
windi
ng
co
nd
ucts pai
rwise,
wh
en th
e
rot
o
r i
s
i
n
[0°,
1
5
°], pha
se
A
and
C
cu
rren
t is
norm
a
l, whil
e
in the othe
r
perio
d this t
w
o pha
se
s
current are
great
er than
1.5 ti
mes o
r
le
ss than
0.2 times the
pre
determin
ed
current, th
en
sho
r
t-ci
rcuit or
open
-ci
r
cuit fa
ult of
pha
se B
ca
n
be
dra
w
n f
r
om t
h
is
phen
ome
non. In thi
s
way, we
can
determine t
he
sho
r
t-circuit or
ope
n-ci
rcuit
fault of the other ph
ases.
0.
0
0
0.
50
1.
0
0
1.
5
0
2.
0
0
2.
5
0
3.
0
0
3.
5
0
4.
0
0
Ti
m
e
[
m
s
]
-25
.
00
-12
.
50
0.
0
0
12
.
5
0
25
.
0
0
Y
1
[A
]
LA
.
I
LC
.
LB.
I
Figure 3. Three pha
se
current whe
n
pha
se C i
s
ope
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 12, No. 2, June 20
14: 325 – 33
2
328
Phase
win
d
in
g with sho
r
t-circuit o
r
op
en
-ci
r
cuit fault should b
e
di
sconne
cted by t
he fuse
and control
system, and th
e machi
ne sh
ould be o
pera
t
ed on fault-to
lerant mo
de.
3.2 Full-brid
ge Conv
erte
r Fault-tolera
nt Mode
For the
sam
e
example, when ph
ase C i
s
on
open-circuit fault,
it will not conduct in [0°,
15°]. We can
turn on T1 and T6 to po
wer p
h
a
s
e A and pha
se
B to drive th
e motor in fault-
tolerant mode in [0°, 15°].
In [15°, 45°], we c
an turn on T3 an
d T
4
to sup
p
ly powe
r
to pha
se B
and p
h
a
s
e A
.
Three
pha
se cu
rrent of
DSWF
M on
f
u
ll-b
r
idge
co
nverter fa
ult-t
o
lera
nt mod
e
is
sho
w
n i
n
Fig
u
re 4. An
d
DSWF
M out
put torqu
e
o
n
pha
se
C o
pen full-brid
g
e
co
nverte
r fault-
tolerant mo
de
is sho
w
n in F
i
gure 5.
Figure 4. Three pha
se
current on pha
se
C
open full-brid
ge co
nverte
r fault-tole
rant
mode
Figure 5. DSWFM outp
u
t torqu
e
on ph
a
s
e C
open full-brid
ge co
nverte
r fault-tole
rant
mode
Ho
wever, this fault-tolera
nt mode ha
s three sh
ortcomi
ngs:
First of all, ph
ase B a
nd A energized at t
he sa
me time
but only one
pha
se can g
e
nerate to
rqu
e
,
the other
pha
se play
s the
role of a lo
op
windin
g
,
whi
c
h redu
ce
s t
he efficien
cy
of the motor;
At
the same tim
e
, pha
se
B a
nd A
wo
rk at
the full time
and it
s la
rge
curre
n
t may
cau
s
e
a
syst
em
failure; In add
ition, the pha
se B and A p
a
ss the sa
m
e
circuit, their excitation torque is e
qual,
but
its relu
ctan
ce
torque is in t
he opp
osite d
i
re
ctio
n, it will generate a lo
t of torque rip
p
le.
3.3 Three
-ph
ase Four
Bri
dge Legs
Co
nv
erter Fault-toler
a
nt Mo
de
Owin
g to th
e
co
nne
ction
of two
-
pha
se
, of DS
WFM
ma
chine
wit
h
full-b
r
id
ge
conve
r
ter
has low pe
rf
orma
nce in
fault tolera
nt ope
ration.
To me
et the
req
u
ire
m
ent
of the el
ectric
indep
ende
nce, a fault tolerant moto
r dri
v
e shoul
d det
ect and i
s
ol
ate the fault ph
ase
without a
n
y
effect
on
oth
e
r healthy p
hases. The
machi
ne ca
n
be ope
rate
d
with
othe
r
healthy pha
se
s
workin
g du
rin
g
loss of one
pha
se.
A high
relia
bility, three-p
hase fou
r
b
r
idge le
gs co
nverter whi
c
h ha
s fault
tolerant
cap
ability is p
r
opo
se
d in Fi
gure
6 to sol
v
e one ph
ase
open
-ci
r
cuit fault pro
b
lem
of the DSWF
M.
It only applies two mo
re switch
es tha
n
the traditi
onal
full-brid
ge converte
r, and
it can avoid th
e
above short
c
oming
s
of the full bri
dge co
nverter fault-t
o
lera
nt mode.
For the
same
example, wh
en pha
se
C is on open
-circuit fault, we can turn o
n
T1
and T8
to powe
r
ph
a
s
e A to drive the motor in fa
ult-toler
ant m
ode in [0°, 15
°], as
sh
own in Figure 7, the
total output to
rque
is the
su
m of ph
ase A
magn
etic
re
sistan
ce to
rqu
e
Ta
r a
nd
ph
ase
A excitati
on
torque
Taf. A
s
self-in
d
u
c
ta
nce
of p
h
a
s
e
A and
mutual
-indu
ctan
ce
b
e
twee
n p
h
a
s
e A an
d ex
citing
windi
ng F is i
n
the increa
se, Tar and T
a
f both large th
an 0.
In [15°, 30°], the output torque of the mo
tor is no
rmal.
In [30°, 45
°], we
ca
n turn
on T
7
an
d
T6 to p
o
wer
pha
se B to
d
r
ive the m
o
to
r in fa
ult-tole
rant
mode. T
he to
tal output to
rque i
s
the
su
m of ph
ase B
magn
etic
re
sistan
ce to
rqu
e
b
r
T
and p
h
a
s
e
B exc
i
tation torque
b
f
T
. As self-indu
ctan
ce
of phase B a
nd mutual
-ind
uctan
c
e b
e
tween ph
ase B
and excitin
g
windi
ng
b
f
L
is in the decrea
s
e,
af
T
>0 and
ar
T
<0.
The full-b
r
idg
e
conve
r
ter fault-tole
rant mode
an
d three-p
h
a
s
e fou
r
bridg
e
leg
s
conve
r
te
r
tolerant mod
e
is comp
are
d
in Table 1. The four
bri
d
g
e
legs conve
r
ter tolera
nt mode ha
s no lo
op
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TELKOM
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ISSN:
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930
Phase
Open
Fault Toleran
t
Control of Hi
gh Re
li
ability
Dou
b
ly-Salie
nt .... (Liwei Shi)
329
windi
ng, this increa
se
s the
efficiency of
the moto
r. In addition, the four brid
ge
legs co
nvert
e
r
tolerant mo
d
e
windi
ng
s current of the two pha
se
can b
e
co
ntrolled individu
ally to achiev
e a
smooth o
u
tpu
t
torque.
Table 1 .Co
m
pari
s
on b
e
tween Full
-bri
dg
e and Th
ree
-
pha
se Fou
r
Bridge L
e
g
s
Converte
r Faul
t-
tolerant Mo
de
[0°, 15°]
[15°, 30°]
[30°, 45°]
Normal
w
o
rk
i
ng
s
w
i
t
c
h
T1,T2
T3,T4
T5,T6
Normal w
o
rking
w
i
nding
A,-C
B,-A
C,-B
Full-bridge conve
r
ter fault-t
o
lerant
m
ode w
o
rking
s
w
itch
T1,T6
T3,T4
T1,T6
Full-bridge conve
r
ter fault-t
o
lerant
mode w
o
rking w
i
nding
A,-B
B,-A
A,-B
Four b
r
idge legs converter fault-to
lerant
mode
work
ing sw
itch
T1,T8
T3,T4
T7,T6
Four b
r
idge legs converter faul
t-to
lerant mode
work
ing w
i
nding
A B,-A
-B
Figure 6 Thre
e-ph
ase four
bridg
e
leg
s
fault-
tolerant conv
erter
Figure 7 Thre
e-ph
ase four
bridg
e
leg
s
conve
r
ter faul
t-tolera
nt mode
4. Cons
tan
t
Torque Fa
ult-toler
a
nt Str
a
tegy
Assu
ming the
normal o
u
tpu
t
torque of the motor:
ep
f
f
L
22
TT
i
i
k
With the
prop
ose
d
fou
r
b
r
i
dge le
gs con
v
erter fa
ult-to
lerant
mode, i
f
the current
of pha
se
A and B is e
qual to the n
o
rmal
state
whe
n
pha
se
C is on
ope
n
-
ci
rcuit fault, then the out
pu
t
torque of the
motor
e
T
:
af
c
f
e1
a
f
c
f
2
af
a
ee
2
a
f
a
2
cf
c
e3
c
f
c
1
2
1
2
dL
dL
Ti
i
i
i
dd
dL
dL
TT
i
i
i
dd
dL
dL
Ti
i
i
dd
；
[0
, 1
5
]
；
[1
5
,
3
0
]
；
[3
0
,
4
5
]
(5)
In orde
r to redu
ce the torque
ripple, the
windi
ng n
u
mbe
r
of the exciting win
d
ing i
s
desi
gne
d mu
ch l
a
rg
er the
n
the
arm
a
tu
re
windi
ng. S
o
the
DSWF
M excitation
torque
is larg
er
than the relu
ctan
ce torq
u
e
and play a
major role.
T
herefo
r
e, the
output torqu
e
of the motor in
[15°, 45°] is a
pproxim
ately equal to half
of the normal
output torqu
e
.
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93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 12, No. 2, June 20
14: 325 – 33
2
330
We can
kee
p
the output torqu
e
in fault
-
toler
ant stat
e of the sam
e
by cha
ngin
g
three
-
pha
se current
.
Assu
ming
the
cu
rrent
of ph
ase
A in
[15
°
, 30°]
is
a2
i
, and
the current
of
pha
se
C in
[30°
,
45°] is
c3
i
, then the output torque:
e
T
:
af
cf
e1
a
f
c
f
2
af
a
ee
2
a
2
f
a
2
2
cf
c
e3
c
3
f
c
3
1
2
1
2
dL
d
L
Ti
i
i
i
dd
dL
dL
TT
i
i
i
dd
dL
d
L
Ti
i
i
dd
；
[0
, 1
5
]
；
[1
5
,
3
0
]
；
[3
0
,
4
5
]
(6)
That is to
say
,
we can
kee
p
the three-p
has
e armature cu
rrent of t
he moto
r be
con
s
i
s
tent
with the equ
a
t
ion (6) in o
r
d
e
r to en
sure the output torque con
s
tant.
5. Simulation and Verific
a
tion
A prototype
machi
ne of
DSWFM h
a
s b
een d
e
si
gned
. Table 2 giv
e
s
key pa
ra
meters of
the machi
ne.
Table 2. Prot
atype machi
n
e para
m
eters
Items
Value
Number of stat
or
poles
12
Number
of roto
r poles
8
Stator oute
r
diam
eter
173mm
Stator inner diam
eter
112mm
Length of air
-
gap
0.35mm
Number of
armat
u
re turns pe
r pol
e
5
Number of
turns
per field coil
110
Width of a rotor
p
o
le
14.4mm
Stack Length
60mm
0
D1
5
Q4
Q1
Q3
Q6
D1
D1
1
D1
2
D1
3
D1
4
Q2
42V
E1
+
SM
_
R
O
T
1
+
V_
R
O
T
1
EQ
U
B
L
Q5
D8
T7
D7
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
IG
B
T
1
Figure 8 Simulation Mod
e
l
of DSWFM Phase Ope
n
Fault Tolerant
In equation
(6), let
e1
e2
e
3
TT
T
, then
three
-
ph
ase curre
n
t of the
prototype m
a
chi
ne
in Table
II with C
windi
ng
open
ca
n be
obtaine
d with
the finite ele
m
ent metho
d
.
They sh
ould
be
c
o
ns
is
tent wit
h
:
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TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Phase
Open
Fault Toleran
t
Control of Hi
gh Re
li
ability
Dou
b
ly-Salie
nt .... (Liwei Shi)
331
0
0
0
a
aa
b
a
c
a
i
ii
i
i
i
i
；
[0
,
1
5
]
-2
.
4
；
[1
5
,
3
0
]
；
[3
0
,
4
5
]
；
[0
, 4
5
]
；
[0
, 1
5
]
；
[1
5
,
3
0
]
1.
6
；
[3
0
,
4
5
]
(7)
In order to a
s
sess th
e af
orem
ention
e
d
no
rm
al
and
faulty-tolera
n
t pe
rform
ance
of the
DSWF
M machine, the co
si
mulation tech
nique is a
dop
ted in which the magn
etic
circuit and th
e
electri
c
ci
rcui
t are cou
p
le
d in the time domain. Th
e modelin
g tools for the
co
simulatio
n
are
comp
osed of
three pa
cka
ges, the 2
D
FEA model, th
ree
-
p
h
a
s
e four b
r
idg
e
le
gs fault-tol
e
rant
conve
r
ter mo
del and
controller mo
del. The magn
etic
solver p
e
rfo
r
ms with
coupl
ed field-circui
t is
establi
s
h
ed a
nd sh
own in Figure 8.
At each cosi
mulation tim
e
step, both
the
magn
etic and ci
rcuit solvers ex
ch
ange the
cal
c
ulate
d
da
ta, and the
re
sults
pro
d
u
c
e
d
by one
solv
er will
be exp
o
rted to
anot
her
solve
r
in t
he
next step. Co
nse
que
ntly, the syste
m
pe
rf
orma
nces
can be a
c
curat
e
ly simulated.
Thre
e pha
se
current of
DSWF
M on
unde
r con
s
ta
nt torque fa
u
l
t-tolera
nt strategy is
sho
w
n in Fig
u
re 9. And DSWFM outp
u
t torque is
sho
w
n in Figu
re
10.
Figure 9 Thre
e pha
se curre
n
t under
con
s
tant
torque fault
-
tolera
nt strate
gy
Figure 10 Out
put torque u
n
der con
s
tant torqu
e
fault-tolerant strategy
The
state i
n
[0ms, 0.8m
s]
is
co
rrespon
ding to
moto
r me
chani
cal
angle
in [0
°,
15°] in
equatio
n (7),
the current
of
pha
se
A i
s
1.
6 time
s of
th
e
rate
d
cu
rre
nt. The
state
in
[0.8ms, 1.6m
s]
is
corre
s
po
n
d
ing to
moto
r me
ch
anical
angle
in [1
5
°
, 30°], its p
hase
current
is e
qual
to
the
norm
a
l mod
e
. The
state in [
1
.6ms, 2.4] i
s
co
rre
sp
ondi
n
g
to motor m
e
ch
ani
cal a
n
g
le in [30
°
, 45
°].
At this time, the current of
pha
se
C is -2
.4
times of th
e rate
d curre
n
t. The outp
u
t torque
und
e
r
con
s
tant torq
ue fault-tole
ra
nt strategy is
almost eq
ual
to the normal
workin
g time.
6. Conclusio
n
The DS
WFM
system
can b
e
re
con
s
tru
c
t
ed afte
r fault identificatio
n by the prop
osed fou
r
bridg
e
leg
s
converte
r tolerant mode, an
d
the machi
n
e perfo
rman
ce can recover quickly.
The propo
se
d four bri
dge
legs conve
r
te
r tolerant m
ode ha
s no l
oop wi
ndin
g
, which
increa
se
s the
efficien
cy of the motor. In
additi
on, the
four bri
dge l
egs
conve
r
te
r tolerant mo
de
windi
ng
s
current of the
two ph
ase can
be co
ntrolle
d
individu
a
lly to a
c
hieve
a sm
ooth
out
put
torque.
With the con
s
tant torqu
e
fault-tolerant
strategy, the
propo
se
d system can
keep the
norm
a
l pe
rformance with
p
hase op
en fa
ult and redu
ce the torq
ue
ripple. Simulat
i
ons
co
nfirm t
h
e
feasibility of the proposed
f
ault tolerant system.
This pa
pe
r lai
d
the foundati
on for
the re
st of next expe
riment
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 12, No. 2, June 20
14: 325 – 33
2
332
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ment
This work wa
s
su
ppo
rted by
the
nation
a
l
Natu
ral Science Fou
n
d
a
tion of Chi
n
a unde
r
Award 51
177
069, National
Basi
c Rese
arch Progr
a
m
of Chi
na
(973 Prog
ram
)
un
der Proj
ect
2007
CB21
03
02, an
d by
the ae
ro
n
autic
scien
c
e foun
datio
n of China
und
er
proj
ect
2010Z
C5
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