T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
, V
ol
.
17
,
No.
6,
Dec
e
mb
er
20
1
9,
p
p.
3
20
3
~
3210
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
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6
93
0
,
accr
ed
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F
irst
Gr
ad
e b
y K
em
en
r
istekdikti,
Decr
ee
No: 2
1/E/
K
P
T
/20
18
DOI:
10.12928/TE
LK
OM
N
IK
A
.v
1
7
i
6
.
13058
◼
32
03
Rec
ei
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Ma
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Energy
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5G
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Mot
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t
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*1
,
A. A.
Md Isa
2
, Zah
r
ila
d
h
a Z
ak
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r
ia
3
, Ahm
ed
M.
D
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4
,
M.
K. Ab
d
u
lh
ameed
5
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o
w
afak
K
.
Moh
se
n
6
1
–
6
Cen
tre
f
o
r T
e
l
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o
m
m
u
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i
c
a
ti
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Re
s
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a
rc
h
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d
I
n
n
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v
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ti
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n
(
CeT
RI),
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c
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El
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c
tro
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d
Co
m
p
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te
r
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g
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g
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Ke
KK),
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i
v
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rs
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ti
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k
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k
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M
a
l
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a
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Dep
a
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m
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r En
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l
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tri
c
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n
g
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l
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M
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c
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Un
i
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,
B
a
g
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d
a
d
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Ir
a
q
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rre
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a
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a
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a
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c
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strac
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p
ro
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m
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m
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m
d
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k
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s
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i
.e
.
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v
e
n
d
o
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s
,
m
o
b
i
l
e
n
e
two
rk
o
p
e
ra
to
rs
(M
NO
s
),
a
n
d
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t)
to
d
e
c
re
a
s
e
th
e
CO
2
e
m
i
s
s
i
o
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s
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n
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th
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s
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d
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c
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ro
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m
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-
fri
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l
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wir
e
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s
c
o
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m
u
n
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c
a
ti
o
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h
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f
o
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,
i
n
th
i
s
p
a
p
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j
o
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e
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y
-
e
ff
i
c
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t
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r
a
s
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i
a
ti
o
n
(UA)
m
e
c
h
a
n
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s
m
a
n
d
fu
l
l
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h
y
b
ri
d
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p
e
c
tr
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m
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h
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ri
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g
(EE
-
FHSS)
a
p
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ro
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s
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d
c
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a
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f
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(i
.e
.,
d
a
t
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ra
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a
s
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e
m
a
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tra
i
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th
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s
a
p
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t
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g
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n
d
l
o
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fre
q
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n
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e
s
(2
8
a
n
d
7
3
G
Hz
)
i
s
s
l
i
c
e
d
i
n
t
o
th
re
e
p
o
rt
i
o
n
s
(l
i
c
e
n
s
e
d
,
s
e
m
i
-
s
h
a
r
e
d
,
a
n
d
f
u
l
l
y
-
s
h
a
re
d
)
a
i
m
s
to
s
e
r
v
e
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
s
(UEs
)
th
a
t
b
e
l
o
n
g
to
fo
u
r
o
p
e
ra
t
o
rs
i
n
a
n
i
n
te
g
ra
te
d
a
n
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
m
a
n
n
e
r.
Th
e
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
th
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p
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o
p
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d
Qo
E
-
Ba
s
e
d
EE
UA
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FHSS
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s
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o
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p
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d
wit
h
th
e
wel
l
-
k
n
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w
n
m
a
x
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m
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m
s
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g
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a
l
-
to
-
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n
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rf
e
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e
-
p
l
u
s
-
n
o
i
s
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ra
ti
o
(m
a
x
-
SINR
UA
-
FHSS).
Num
e
ri
c
a
l
r
e
s
u
l
ts
s
h
o
w
t
h
a
t
re
m
a
rk
a
b
l
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n
h
a
n
c
e
m
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rm
s
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f
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fo
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th
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f
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r p
a
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ti
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p
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to
r
s
c
a
n
b
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a
c
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m
a
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ta
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a
h
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d
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f
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E
to
t
h
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UEs
.
Key
w
ords
:
e
n
e
rg
y
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
,
g
re
e
n
5
G
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
,
h
y
b
ri
d
s
p
e
c
tru
m
s
h
a
ri
n
g
(HSS)
Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
9
Uni
v
e
rsi
t
a
s
Ahm
a
d
D
a
hl
a
n.
All
rig
ht
s
r
e
s
e
rve
d
.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
T
he
en
v
i
s
i
on
e
d
en
orm
ou
s
growth
i
n
t
he
di
v
ers
e
i
nn
o
v
ati
v
e
t
ec
hn
o
l
o
gi
es
an
d
s
e
r
v
i
c
es
i
n
f
utu
r
e
c
el
l
u
l
ar
c
o
mm
u
ni
c
at
i
on
era
(
i
.e
.,
I
nte
r
n
e
t
of
T
hi
ng
s
(
IoT)
,
au
ton
om
ou
s
driv
i
ng
,
au
gm
en
t
ed
r
ea
l
i
ty
,
an
d
v
i
r
t
ua
l
r
e
al
i
ty
)
are
r
es
ul
t
i
ng
i
n
i
nc
r
ea
s
ed
de
ma
nd
for
h
i
gh
er
s
pe
c
tr
al
an
d
en
ergy
eff
i
c
i
e
nc
y
to
me
e
t
s
uc
h
ba
nd
w
i
dt
h
an
d
e
ne
r
gy
-
hu
n
gry
ap
pl
i
c
at
i
on
s
[1,
2]
.
G
i
v
en
the
ex
c
el
l
e
nt
op
po
r
tu
ni
t
i
es
of
mm
W
av
e
fr
e
qu
en
c
i
es
s
uc
h
as
the
h
ug
e
am
o
un
t
o
f
s
pe
c
tr
um
as
wel
l
as
t
he
s
u
pe
r
i
nt
erfer
en
c
e
-
r
ed
uc
t
i
on
me
r
i
ts
[3
]
,
ac
hi
ev
i
ng
s
uc
c
es
s
i
n
r
el
y
i
ng
on
s
uc
h
tec
hn
o
l
og
y
be
c
am
e
v
ery
po
s
s
i
bl
e
[4
]
.
Des
p
i
te
s
uc
h
a
w
i
de
s
p
ec
tr
um
r
a
ng
e
,
i
t
i
s
s
ti
l
l
n
ot
un
l
i
m
i
te
d
i
f
oth
er
s
erv
i
c
es
t
ha
t
uti
l
i
z
e
t
he
s
am
e
b
an
ds
are
c
on
s
i
de
r
ed
[5
]
.
N
ev
ert
he
l
es
s
,
du
e
t
o
the
l
i
mi
t
ed
c
ov
era
ge
r
a
ng
e
of
mm
W
av
e
c
o
mm
un
i
c
ati
o
ns
[6]
,
ad
di
ng
m
ore
mi
n
i
c
el
l
t
owers
or
r
el
ay
s
throu
gh
o
ut
th
e
ho
t
s
po
t
area
i
s
es
s
en
ti
al
t
o
a
c
hi
ev
e
b
ett
er
Q
o
S
.
T
hi
s
m
ay
ex
ac
erbate
the
prob
l
em
o
f
e
ne
r
gy
c
o
ns
um
pt
i
o
n
as
mo
r
e
m
m
W
av
e
b
as
e
s
ta
ti
o
ns
(
m
B
S
s
)
are
de
pl
oy
e
d.
In
pa
r
t
i
c
ul
ar,
B
S
s
are
c
on
s
i
d
ered
t
he
m
ai
n
s
ou
r
c
e
of
en
ergy
c
on
s
um
pti
on
i
n
c
el
l
u
l
ar
ne
twork
s
,
ac
c
ou
nt
i
n
g
for
57
%
of
t
ota
l
en
er
gy
r
eq
ui
r
em
en
ts
[7
]
.
S
pe
c
tr
um
s
h
arin
g
ap
pro
ac
h
(
S
S
A
)
c
an
be
a
p
os
s
i
bl
e
s
ol
ut
i
on
i
n
t
he
5
th
ge
ne
r
at
i
on
(
5G
)
m
ob
i
l
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
to
ov
erc
om
e
the
a
bo
v
e
-
m
en
t
i
on
ed
i
s
s
ue
s
[8]
.
S
uc
h
an
ap
pro
ac
h
al
l
ows
mu
l
ti
pl
e
us
ers
(
UE
s
)
to
s
ha
r
e
the
s
am
e
r
es
ou
r
c
es
i
n
t
he
po
wer
d
om
a
i
n
[
9]
wh
i
c
h
i
n
turn
s
up
p
orts
ma
s
s
i
v
e
c
on
ne
c
ti
v
i
ty
us
i
ng
the
s
am
e
t
i
me
-
fr
e
qu
en
c
y
r
es
ou
r
c
e
wi
th
a
n
ac
c
ep
tab
l
e
mB
S
s
de
ns
i
ty
.
T
h
erefore
,
i
t
i
s
i
mp
era
ti
v
e
to
as
s
es
s
the
s
y
s
tem
pe
r
fo
r
ma
nc
e
c
on
s
i
de
r
i
ng
S
S
A
fr
om
th
e
en
ergy
c
on
s
um
p
ti
o
n
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
v
e
as
i
t
c
on
s
i
de
r
e
d
as
a
fun
d
am
e
nta
l
de
s
i
gn
ob
j
e
c
ti
v
e
for
the
ne
x
t
ge
ne
r
ati
on
c
e
l
l
ul
ar
ne
twork
s
[1
0]
.
T
hrou
gh
t
he
l
i
t
erature
,
p
l
e
nty
of
ef
forts
ha
v
e
be
en
c
on
d
uc
te
d
s
ee
k
i
ng
for
an
en
v
i
r
o
nm
e
nt
-
fr
i
e
nd
l
y
wi
r
el
es
s
c
o
mm
u
ni
c
at
i
o
n
t
ha
t
i
nv
ol
v
es
a
s
i
ng
l
e
-
r
ad
i
o
ac
c
es
s
tec
hn
o
l
og
y
(S
-
RA
T
s
)
.
Howev
er,
i
t
i
s
ex
pe
c
ted
t
ha
t
5G
w
i
l
l
s
up
po
r
t
mu
l
ti
-
R
A
T
s
to
prov
i
d
e
ul
tr
a
-
r
e
l
i
ab
l
e
c
om
mu
ni
c
at
i
on
[1
1]
.
C
on
s
eq
ue
ntl
y
,
ma
ny
s
c
ho
l
ars
are
s
hi
f
ted
fr
om
as
s
es
s
i
n
g
the
en
ergy
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
6,
D
ec
em
b
er 20
19
:
32
0
3
-
3210
3204
eff
i
c
i
en
c
y
(
E
E
)
of
t
he
c
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l
ul
ar
s
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tem
s
tha
t
s
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t
S
-
R
A
T
s
to
tho
s
e
w
i
th
mu
l
ti
-
R
A
T
s
c
ap
ab
i
l
i
ti
es
,
es
p
ec
i
a
l
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y
w
i
t
h
th
e
pres
e
nc
e
of
r
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o
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ha
r
i
n
g
a
pp
r
o
ac
h.
F
or
i
ns
ta
nc
e,
j
o
i
nt
s
pe
c
tr
um
an
d
en
ergy
eff
i
c
i
en
t
m
mW
av
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
s
c
he
me
w
as
pres
en
t
e
d
i
n
[1
2]
th
at
c
om
bi
ne
s
th
e
n
oti
on
of
no
n
-
orthog
o
na
l
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
ac
c
es
s
(
NO
MA
)
w
i
th
be
am
s
p
ac
e
mu
l
t
i
p
l
e
-
i
np
u
t
mu
l
t
i
p
l
e
o
utp
u
t
(
MIM
O
)
.
P
ower
c
on
tr
ol
a
nd
a
l
l
oc
a
ti
on
ar
e
target
ed
by
ma
ny
r
es
ea
r
c
he
s
to
i
m
prov
e
E
E
by
me
an
s
of
uti
l
i
s
i
ng
d
i
ff
erent
tr
a
ns
m
i
s
s
i
on
p
ower
v
al
ue
i
n
an
ad
ap
ti
v
e
way
.
T
he
i
de
a
of
j
o
i
nt
l
y
o
pti
mi
s
i
ng
c
e
l
l
-
as
s
oc
i
ati
on
an
d
po
wer
-
c
on
tr
ol
was
prop
os
ed
i
n
[13]
t
ak
i
ng
the
f
as
t
v
eh
i
c
l
e
mo
b
i
l
i
ty
a
n
d
the
tr
aff
i
c
l
o
ad
c
o
nd
i
ti
on
s
i
nto
c
on
s
i
d
erat
i
on
.
In
[
14
]
,
a
ne
w
ad
ap
t
i
v
e
s
pe
c
tr
um
s
ha
r
i
ng
s
c
he
m
es
a
c
c
ou
nt
for
th
e
c
ha
n
ne
l
es
ti
ma
ti
o
n
err
ors
to
i
m
prov
e
E
E
c
on
s
i
de
r
i
ng
bo
th
ha
l
f
-
du
pl
ex
(
HD)
an
d
f
ul
l
-
d
up
l
ex
(
F
D)
tr
an
s
mi
s
s
i
o
n.
Ho
wev
er,
t
hi
s
s
c
he
m
e
g
av
e
the
pri
orit
y
to
th
e
pri
ma
r
y
us
ers
(
P
Us
)
.
Mo
s
t
of
the
ex
i
s
ti
ng
w
ork
s
on
m
ul
t
i
-
i
nd
e
pe
n
de
nt
5G
mm
W
av
e
c
e
l
l
u
l
a
r
o
pe
r
at
or
s
ha
v
e
foc
us
ed
on
c
ov
er
ag
e
a
nd
r
ate
prob
ab
i
l
i
ty
op
t
mi
s
at
i
o
n
[3,
5,
15
–
21]
.
T
h
ere
are
l
i
m
i
te
d
wor
k
s
on
en
ergy
-
eff
i
c
i
en
t
UA
t
ha
t
s
up
po
r
t
s
pe
c
tr
u
m
s
ha
r
i
n
g
am
on
g
m
ul
t
i
p
l
e
c
el
l
u
l
ar
op
erators
,
whi
c
h
i
s
mo
r
e
c
om
p
l
i
c
ate
d
owi
ng
to
the
m
ul
t
i
-
c
arr
i
er
an
d
m
ul
t
i
-
i
n
de
p
en
d
en
t
-
R
A
T
na
t
ure.
T
he
r
ef
ore,
i
n
t
hi
s
p
ap
er,
en
ergy
eff
i
c
i
en
t
UA
me
c
ha
ni
s
m
en
a
bl
i
ng
F
HS
S
a
pp
r
o
ac
h
un
de
r
l
y
i
ng
mu
l
t
i
-
i
nd
e
pe
n
de
n
t
5G
m
mW
av
e
c
e
l
l
u
l
ar
op
erators
i
s
prop
os
ed
wh
i
l
e
s
at
i
s
f
y
i
ng
the
Q
o
E
(
i
.e.
,
r
ate
prov
i
s
i
on
i
n
g) c
on
s
tr
ai
nts
t
o t
he
U
E
s
to
g
ai
n
mo
r
e
i
ns
i
gh
ts
ab
ou
t
th
e
po
s
s
i
bi
l
i
ty
of
j
o
i
nt
l
y
ma
x
i
m
i
s
i
n
g
e
ne
r
gy
ef
fi
c
i
en
c
y
for
al
l
the
pa
r
t
i
c
i
p
ati
ng
op
erat
ors
tak
i
n
g
i
nto
ac
c
ou
nt
m
ai
nta
i
n
i
ng
an
ac
c
ep
t
ab
l
e
l
ev
e
l
of
5G
c
on
s
tr
ai
n
ts
.
2.
Re
se
a
r
ch
Me
t
h
o
d
In
th
i
s
s
ec
ti
on
,
we
fi
r
s
t
el
a
bo
r
at
e
on
the
ne
tw
ork
mo
d
el
,
fol
l
ow
ed
by
a
s
et
of
ma
th
em
a
ti
c
a
l
mo
d
el
s
r
e
l
at
ed
t
o
t
he
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
i
on
m
o
de
l
.
F
i
na
l
l
y
,
s
o
me
d
eta
i
l
e
d
de
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
n
o
f
the
pro
po
s
e
d
EE
-
F
HS
S
a
p
proac
h i
s
pres
en
t
ed
.
2.
1.
N
etw
o
r
k
Mod
el
T
wo
t
i
ers
of
m
ul
t
i
-
i
nd
e
p
en
de
nt
5G
mm
W
av
e
c
el
l
ul
ar
o
pe
r
at
ors
gi
v
e
n
by
.
F
ou
r
op
erators
are
c
on
s
i
de
r
ed
i
n
t
hi
s
w
ork
un
d
erly
i
ng
s
pe
c
tr
um
s
ha
r
i
ng
ap
proac
h
i
n
wh
i
c
h
e
ac
h
op
erat
or
ℎ
c
on
s
ti
tut
ed
of
a
s
et
of
mm
W
av
e
b
as
e
s
tat
i
o
ns
(
mB
S
s
)
di
s
ti
n
gu
i
s
h
ed
by
ℎ
.
E
ac
h
ℎ
op
erates
op
t
i
on
al
l
y
at
bo
t
h
c
arr
i
er
fr
eq
ue
nc
i
es
(
2
8
a
nd
73
G
Hz
)
de
pe
n
ds
on
the
v
al
u
e
of
∈
{
0
,
1
}
s
uc
h
tha
t
i
f
=
0
the
n
th
e
c
arr
i
er
i
s
28
G
Hz
an
d
i
f
=
1
the
n
th
e
c
arr
i
er
i
s
73
G
Hz
.
Mo
r
e
prec
i
s
el
y
,
ea
c
h
ℎ
op
erat
es
i
n
a
pa
r
t
i
c
ul
ar
m
od
e
(
l
i
c
en
s
ed
,
s
e
mi
-
po
ol
ed
,
ful
l
y
-
po
o
l
ed
)
ba
s
ed
on
th
e
i
nd
ex
.
L
et
,
s
tan
ds
for
t
he
a
l
l
oc
ate
d
s
pe
c
tr
u
m
t
o
ea
c
h
op
erat
or
ℎ
. L
et
be
a s
et
of
m
B
S
s
be
l
on
g
to
op
erator
ℎ
an
d
=
1
∪
1
…
∪
ℎ
r
efe
r
s
to
a
s
et
o
f
a
l
l
mm
W
av
e
b
a
s
e
s
tat
i
on
s
i
n
t
he
propos
e
d
arc
hi
tec
t
ure.
Mo
t
i
v
ate
d
by
5G
s
ma
l
l
c
e
l
l
s
c
an
be
ea
s
i
l
y
att
ac
h
ed
to
the
s
tr
ee
t
l
i
gh
t
po
l
es
,
al
l
mB
S
s
are
d
en
s
e
l
y
de
p
l
o
y
ed
fol
l
ow
i
ng
grid
-
ba
s
e
d
l
ay
o
ut
i
n
a
h
ot
s
po
t
are
a
ℝ
2
.
L
et
de
n
ot
es
a
s
et
of
ou
t
do
or
us
er
eq
u
i
pm
en
ts
(
UE
s
)
and
=
1
∪
1
…
∪
,
wh
ere,
r
ep
r
es
ents
a
s
e
t
of
UE
s
th
at
s
ub
s
c
r
i
be
s
to
an
op
er
ato
r
ℎ
.
c
an
s
erv
e
(
ℎ
,
)
whi
c
h
are
s
ub
s
c
r
i
b
i
ng
to
i
ts
own
or
to
di
ff
erent
op
erat
or
v
i
a
l
i
c
en
s
e
d,
s
em
i
-
s
ha
r
ed
or
fu
l
l
y
-
s
ha
r
e
d
s
pe
c
tr
um
ac
c
es
s
s
tr
ate
gy
an
d
the
q
ua
l
i
ty
of
the
l
i
nk
be
tw
ee
n
the
(
ℎ
,
)
an
d
the
tag
ge
d
ℎ
.
F
urthermor
e,
al
l
UE
s
are
e
qu
i
pp
e
d
wi
th
mu
l
t
i
-
an
ten
na
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2.
2.
T
r
ansmi
ss
ion
Mod
el
In
thi
s
wor
k
,
th
e
l
o
g
-
no
r
ma
l
s
h
ad
ow
i
n
g
pa
t
h
-
l
os
s
mo
de
l
g
i
v
en
by
(
1)
i
s
ut
i
l
i
z
ed
to
c
om
pu
t
e
t
he
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
s
i
gn
al
po
w
er
at
th
e
r
ec
e
i
v
i
n
g
s
i
de
(
R
X
)
w
i
th
p
ath
-
l
os
s
e
x
po
ne
n
t
γ
an
d
wav
el
e
ng
t
h
(
3
.4,
3.
3
dB
an
d
1
0.7
1,
4.1
06
mm
)
for
bo
t
h
2
8
G
Hz
an
d
73
G
Hz
c
ar
r
i
er
fr
e
qu
e
nc
y
r
es
pe
c
ti
v
el
y
[
22
]
:
(
,
)
=
(
)
+
10
×
×
10
(
)
+
,
(
1)
where
(
,
)
,
,
(
)
s
tan
d
for
t
he
pa
t
h
l
os
s
i
n
dB
f
or
a
ty
pi
c
al
U
E
(
ℎ
,
)
as
s
oc
i
ate
d
w
i
th
mB
S
ℎ
uti
l
i
s
i
ng
c
arr
i
er
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
an
d
own
ed
by
op
erator
ℎ
,
the
s
ep
arat
i
on
di
s
t
an
c
e
i
n
me
ters
,
an
d
th
e
c
l
os
e
-
i
nte
r
fere
nc
e
fr
ee
s
pa
c
e
p
ath
l
os
s
i
n
d
B
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
E
ne
r
gy
-
eff
i
c
i
en
t
us
er as
s
oc
i
at
i
on
me
c
h
an
i
s
m
en
ab
l
i
n
g
ful
l
y
hy
brid
...
(
Mo
tha
na
L.
A
tti
a
h
)
3205
as
i
de
nti
fi
e
d
i
n
(
2)
r
es
p
ec
ti
v
el
y
.
C
on
s
i
de
r
i
ng
t
he
c
l
o
s
e
-
i
n
fr
ee
s
pa
c
e
r
e
ferenc
e
di
s
t
an
c
e
i
s
eq
ua
l
t
o
1
me
t
er;
de
n
ote
s
z
ero
-
m
ea
n
G
a
us
s
i
an
r
an
do
m
v
ari
ab
l
e
wi
t
h
as
a
s
tan
da
r
d
de
v
i
at
i
o
n i
n (dB
)
.
(
)
=
20
×
10
(
4
×
×
)
,
(
2
)
T
y
pi
c
al
l
y
,
on
e
of
th
e
m
os
t
i
mp
ortant
fac
tors
i
n
t
he
c
a
l
c
ul
at
i
on
of
t
he
av
erag
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
i
gn
a
l
p
ower
a
t
th
e
r
ec
e
i
v
er
s
i
de
i
s
th
e
p
ath
l
os
s
a
tte
nu
ati
on
.
T
he
r
ef
ore,
w
e
fi
r
s
t
ap
p
l
y
(
1)
to
c
al
c
u
l
at
e t
h
e p
a
th
l
os
s
at
ten
u
ati
on
a
nd
t
he
n
ex
ec
ut
e
(
3) as
fo
l
l
ows
:
Pr
(
,
)
=
P
t
(
,
)
+
(
,
)
+
(
,
)
−
(
,
)
(
3
)
where
P
t
(
,
)
and
Pr
(
,
)
are
t
he
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
d
a
nd
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
po
w
er
of
mB
S
ℎ
r
es
pe
c
ti
v
el
y
whi
c
h
are
c
on
tr
o
l
l
ed
by
op
erator
ℎ
an
d
o
pe
r
at
ed
at
mm
W
av
e
c
arr
i
er
fr
eq
u
en
c
y
;
(
,
)
a
nd
(
,
)
are th
e d
i
r
ec
ti
v
i
ty
ga
i
ns
of
t
he
r
ec
ei
v
er and
trans
m
i
tte
r
an
te
nn
as
i
n d
B
i
, res
pe
c
t
i
v
el
y
.
T
o
c
ha
r
ac
teri
s
e
t
he
pe
r
for
ma
nc
e
of
ea
c
h
pa
r
t
i
c
i
p
ati
n
g
op
er
ato
r
,
w
e
c
on
s
i
d
er
th
e
as
an
i
n
di
c
at
i
o
n
to
as
s
es
s
t
he
o
uta
ge
proba
bi
l
i
ty
as
g
i
v
en
i
n
(
4)
[
23
]
.
W
e
as
s
um
e
tha
t
an
y
us
er
(
ℎ
,
)
be
i
n o
uta
g
e i
f th
e
v
al
ue
i
s
be
l
ow th
an
(
ℎ
≤
0
)
.
Ґ
(
,
)
=
Pr
(
,
)
∑
I
(
,
)
N
n
=
1
+
η
(
,
)
(
4
)
de
s
i
r
ed
s
i
g
na
l
r
ec
e
i
v
ed
by
t
he
r
ec
e
i
v
er
ℎ
,
;
η
(
,
)
s
tan
ds
fo
r
th
e
ad
d
i
t
i
v
e w
hi
t
e n
oi
s
e
po
wer
of
ℎ
wi
th
r
es
pe
c
t
to
c
arr
i
er fr
e
q
ue
nc
y
.
Ґ
(
,
)
c
al
c
ul
ati
on
op
e
ns
the
way
for
furth
er
us
er
c
ha
nn
e
l
c
a
pa
c
i
ty
c
al
c
u
l
a
ti
o
n
ut
i
l
i
s
i
ng
S
ha
nn
o
n c
ap
ac
i
ty
th
eo
r
y
a
s
ex
pres
s
ed
i
n
(
5)
[24
]
:
(
,
)
=
Ϥ
(
,
)
×
(
(
,
)
ℎ
)
×
2
(
1
+
Ґ
(
,
)
)
,
(
5
)
where
Ϥ
(
,
)
s
tan
ds
for
the
m
i
n
i
mu
m
nu
mb
er
of
a
nte
nn
a
s
i
n
the
tr
an
s
m
i
tte
r
/r
ec
e
i
v
er
s
i
de
;
,
s
tan
ds
for
the
prede
fi
n
ed
am
ou
nt
of
s
p
ec
tr
um
b
an
d
wi
dt
h
al
l
oc
at
ed
to
ℎ
;
(
,
)
s
tan
d
s
for
the
c
ha
nn
e
l
c
a
pa
c
i
ty
of
(
ℎ
,
)
;
ℎ
s
tan
ds
for
the
nu
mb
er
of
U
E
s
as
s
oc
i
ate
d
w
i
th
the
s
erv
i
n
g
ℎ
.
2.
3.
E
n
er
g
y E
f
f
ic
ienc
y (E
E
)
Mod
el
In
the
l
i
terat
ure,
t
he
d
efi
n
i
ti
on
of
E
E
v
ari
es
ac
c
ordi
ng
to
the
me
as
ured
o
bj
e
c
ts
.
In
a
c
om
mu
n
i
c
ati
on
s
y
s
tem
,
t
he
g
en
er
i
c
en
ergy
eff
i
c
i
e
nc
y
c
al
c
ul
a
ti
o
n
i
s
mo
de
l
ed
as
the
tot
a
l
s
u
m
r
ate
of
th
e
who
l
e
s
y
s
tem
d
i
v
i
de
d
by
th
e
tot
al
p
ower
c
o
ns
um
pt
i
o
n.
How
ev
er,
as
th
e
ob
j
ec
ti
v
e
of
thi
s
w
ork
i
s
to
ma
x
i
mi
z
e
th
e
E
E
fo
r
ea
c
h
i
n
di
v
i
du
a
l
U
E
-
mB
S
l
i
nk
w
hi
l
e
ma
i
nt
ai
n
i
n
g
a c
ertai
n
l
ev
el
of
Q
o
E
to
the
U
E
s
,
a
n
eff
i
c
i
en
t
UA
i
s
i
nv
o
l
v
ed
to
as
s
oc
i
ate
th
e
us
er
w
i
th
th
e
mB
S
s
tha
t
pr
ov
i
de
s
the
be
s
t
tr
a
de
-
off
b
etwe
e
n
r
ate
prov
i
s
i
on
i
ng
a
nd
p
ower
c
on
s
um
pti
on
.
T
he
r
ef
ore,
the
E
E
i
s
de
fi
ne
d
i
n
(
6)
as
t
he
nu
mb
er
of
ac
hi
ev
a
bl
e
b
i
ts
d
i
v
i
d
e
d
by
th
e
c
on
s
u
me
d
e
ne
r
gy
(
bi
ts
/J
ou
l
e)
f
or
the
as
s
oc
i
a
ted
UE
-
mB
S
l
i
n
k
r
ep
r
es
en
te
d b
y
(
)
[25]
:
(
,
)
=
(
,
)
(
,
)
,
(
6
)
where
(
,
)
i
s
th
e
tot
al
po
w
er
c
on
s
um
pt
i
o
n
th
at
c
on
s
u
me
d
by
the
m
B
S
whi
c
h
i
s
eq
ua
l
to
(
P
t
(
,
)
µ
+
)
;
µ
and
(
0.2
5
an
d
0.1
m
W
)
s
tan
ds
for
am
p
l
i
fi
er
ef
fi
c
i
en
c
y
an
d
the
c
i
r
c
ui
t
po
wer
c
o
ns
um
e
d b
y
e
ac
h
mB
S
r
es
pe
c
t
i
v
el
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
V
ol
.
17
,
No
.
6,
D
ec
em
b
er 20
19
:
32
0
3
-
3210
3206
2.
4.
Q
o
E
-
B
as
ed
E
E
UA
-
F
HS
S
Mod
el
In
t
hi
s
s
u
bs
ec
ti
o
n,
the
m
o
s
t
i
m
po
r
ta
nt
Q
o
E
-
B
as
ed
E
E
U
A
-
F
HS
S
c
o
ns
i
d
erati
on
s
are
me
ti
c
u
l
o
us
l
y
ad
dres
s
ed
u
n
de
r
l
y
i
ng
fo
ur
mu
l
t
i
-
i
n
de
p
en
de
nt
5G
mm
W
av
e
c
el
l
u
l
ar
op
erat
ors
tha
t
s
ha
r
e
a
c
hu
nk
of
i
ts
ow
n
s
pe
c
tr
um
ba
nd
w
i
dt
h
a
mo
ng
s
t
ea
c
h
ot
he
r
ba
s
ed
o
n
a
s
et
o
f
pr
ed
ef
i
n
ed
r
ol
es
(
i
.e.
,
F
HS
S
)
.
E
ac
h
o
p
erator
ad
o
pts
th
e
s
a
me
r
ol
es
to
as
s
oc
i
at
e
a
ty
p
i
c
al
U
E
b
el
on
g
to
i
ts
own
o
pe
r
at
or
(
ba
s
e
d
on
l
i
c
en
s
ed
s
p
ec
tr
um
ac
c
es
s
s
tr
ate
gy
)
or
t
o
a
no
th
er
op
erat
or
(
ba
s
ed
on
s
em
i
-
fu
l
l
y
s
h
ared
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
ac
c
es
s
s
tr
ate
gy
)
w
i
th
t
he
t
ag
g
ed
mB
S
s
th
at
pro
v
i
de
s
th
e
b
es
t
(
,
)
−
(
,
)
tr
ad
e
-
off
to
en
ha
nc
e
the
en
ergy
eff
i
c
i
en
c
y
w
hi
l
e
r
eta
i
n
a
c
ert
ai
n
Q
o
E
to
the
U
E
s
.
Mo
r
e
prec
i
s
e
l
y
,
e
ac
h
op
er
ato
r
ℎ
grants
a
l
i
c
e
ns
ed
ac
c
es
s
to
25
0
MHz
at
28
G
Hz
c
arr
i
er
fr
eq
ue
nc
y
(
when
=
0
)
to
(
ℎ
,
)
whi
c
h
are
s
ub
s
c
r
i
b
i
ng
t
o
i
ts
own
o
pe
r
ato
r
i
n
order
to
ev
ad
e
i
nte
r
-
o
pe
r
at
or
i
nt
e
r
ferenc
e.
M
ea
n
whi
l
e,
i
n
the
h
i
g
h
c
arr
i
er
fr
eq
u
en
c
y
73
G
Hz
,
the
s
p
ec
tr
um
(
w
he
n
=
1)
i
s
di
v
i
de
d
i
nto
two
po
r
t
i
on
s
,
ea
c
h
wi
t
h
50
0
MHz
.
T
he
f
i
r
s
t
po
r
t
i
on
(
50
0
MHz
)
i
s
s
h
ared
a
mo
n
g
al
l
o
pe
r
ato
r
s
.
T
h
e
s
ec
on
d
on
e
(
50
0
MHz
)
i
s
s
l
i
c
e
d
i
nto
tw
o
c
hu
nk
s
ea
c
h
i
s
as
s
i
g
ne
d
as
s
e
mi
-
s
ha
r
ed
to
on
l
y
tw
o
o
pe
r
at
ors
.
T
he
fi
r
s
t
c
h
un
k
(
2
50
G
Hz
)
i
s
gr
an
te
d
t
o
O
P
1
an
d
O
P
4,
an
d
th
e
s
e
c
on
d
t
o
O
P
2
an
d
O
P
3.
B
as
ed
on
tha
t
,
t
he
r
e
are
thr
ee
op
t
i
on
s
for
the
UE
(
i
.
e.,
Ra
i
ha
na
)
to
b
e
as
s
oc
i
ate
d
w
i
th
a
p
arti
c
u
l
ar
ℎ
,
as
i
l
l
us
tr
a
ted
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
1
.
S
uc
h
as
s
oc
i
ati
on
i
s
pe
r
form
ed
ba
s
ed
o
n
th
e
prop
os
ed
Q
oE
-
B
as
e
d
E
E
U
A
-
F
HS
S
whi
c
h
ma
k
es
a d
ec
i
s
i
o
n t
o
as
s
oc
i
a
te
(
R
ai
ha
na
)
wi
t
h
mB
S
1
-
O
P
2 a
s
i
t
of
fers
t
he
be
s
t
(
,
)
−
(
,
)
tr
ad
e
-
o
ff.
T
he
b
as
el
i
ne
(
ma
x
-
S
INR
UA
-
F
HS
S
)
i
s
s
i
m
i
l
ar
to
th
e
pro
po
s
ed
Q
oE
-
B
as
ed
E
E
U
A
-
F
HS
S
.
Unl
i
k
e,
the
UE
(
i
.
e.,
R
ai
h
a
na
)
i
s
as
s
oc
i
ate
d
wi
th
m
B
S
tha
t
prov
i
d
es
the
h
i
g
he
s
t
S
INR.
B
as
e
d
on
the
a
bo
v
e
-
m
en
t
i
on
ed
F
HS
S
r
o
l
es
,
we
ad
op
t
b
o
th
ma
x
-
S
IN
R
UA
-
F
HS
S
a
nd
Q
oE
-
B
as
ed
E
E
U
A
-
F
HS
S
s
c
he
me
s
as
i
l
l
us
tr
ate
d
i
n
A
l
g
orit
h
m
1
t
o
as
s
oc
i
at
e
th
e
UE
s
w
i
th
ℎ
tha
t
off
ers
mi
n
i
m
um
en
ergy
c
on
s
u
m
pti
o
n
c
o
mp
ar
ed
wi
t
h
t
he
ba
s
e
l
i
ne
ma
x
-
S
INR
UA
-
F
HS
S
wh
i
c
h
as
s
oc
i
ate
s
th
e U
E
s
wi
t
h
ℎ
th
at
off
ers
ma
x
-
S
IN
R.
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
A
n
i
l
l
us
tr
at
i
on
of
E
E
UA
FH
S
S
s
c
he
me
A
l
g
orit
hm
1
P
s
eu
d
oc
od
e
of
t
he
i
m
pl
em
e
nta
t
i
o
n
ba
s
ed
o
n
m
ax
-
S
INR
an
d
ma
x
-
E
E
mUA
-
F
H
S
S
s
c
he
me
s
Inp
ut
:
S
et
t
he
i
ni
ti
a
l
p
aram
ete
r
s
of
∀
ℎ
∊
,
∀
ℎ
∊
,
∀
(
ℎ
,
)
∊
,
∀
,
,
P
t
ℳ
,
κ
,
η
(
,
)
,
(
,
)
,
ℳ
,
κ
.
1
Depl
oy
me
nt
of
∀
ℎ
,
∀
ℎ
,
al
l
ov
er the
predet
ermi
ne
d
area
(
1.2
K
m x
1.2
K
m);
2
for
∀
(
ℎ
,
)
∊
&
∀
ℎ
∊
do
3
Cal
c
u
l
ate
of
∀
ℎ
,
i
n
t
erms
o
f
∀
ℎ
th
at
b
el
on
g
to
th
e
s
am
e
o
r
to
t
he
s
ha
r
ed
op
erat
or;
4
Cal
c
u
l
ate
(
)
,
(
,
)
, and
Pr
(
,
)
of
∀
ℎ
,
by
me
a
n
s
(
1), (
2), a (3)
;
5
Cal
c
u
l
ate
Ґ
(
,
)
of
∀
(
ℎ
,
)
i
n
t
erms
of
∀
ℎ
tha
t
b
el
o
ng
t
o
th
e
s
am
e
or
the
s
ha
r
e
d
op
erat
or (
4);
max
-
S
INR
mU
A
-
F
HS
S
s
c
h
em
e
max
-
E
E
mU
A
-
F
HS
S
s
c
he
m
e
6
A
s
s
oc
i
ate
s
∀
(
ℎ
,
)
to
th
e
s
erv
i
ng
ℎ
Comp
ute
(
,
)
of
∀
(
ℎ
,
)
ac
c
ordi
n
g
to
(
5);
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
MNIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
E
ne
r
gy
-
eff
i
c
i
en
t
us
er as
s
oc
i
at
i
on
me
c
h
an
i
s
m
en
ab
l
i
n
g
ful
l
y
hy
brid
...
(
Mo
tha
na
L.
A
tti
a
h
)
3207
tha
t
off
ers
th
e h
i
gh
es
t
Ґ
(
,
)
;
7
Cal
c
u
l
ate
(
,
)
of
∀
(
ℎ
,
)
ac
c
ordi
n
g
to
(
5);
8
9
en
d f
or
Cal
c
u
l
ate
(
,
)
o
f
∀
(
ℎ
,
)
ac
c
ordi
n
g
to
(
6);
A
s
s
oc
i
ate
s
∀
(
ℎ
,
)
to
the
tag
ge
d
ℎ
tha
t
off
ers
th
e
hi
gh
es
t
(
,
)
;
en
d f
or
10
Cal
c
u
l
ate
th
e
av
erag
e rat
e
(
)
, whe
r
e
=
{1,2,3
…
}
;
11
Cal
c
u
l
ate
th
e
av
erag
e
E
E
(
)
,
where
=
{1,2,3
…
}
;
O
utp
ut:
av
erag
e
r
ate
, a
v
era
ge
of
E
E
, a
nd
C
DF
s
of
E
E
;
3.
Re
sult
s
a
n
d
An
aly
s
is
In
th
i
s
s
ec
ti
on
,
the
pe
r
f
ormanc
e
of
the
prop
os
e
d
Q
oE
-
B
as
e
d
E
E
UA
-
F
HS
S
i
s
nu
me
r
i
c
al
l
y
ev
a
l
ua
ted
c
o
ns
i
de
r
i
ng
bo
t
h
di
s
s
i
m
i
l
ar
s
pe
c
tr
um
al
l
oc
a
ti
o
n
an
d
hy
brid
m
B
S
s
de
p
l
oy
me
nt.
Tw
o
ma
i
n p
erf
ormanc
e
me
as
ures
(
av
erag
e rate
an
d e
ne
r
gy
e
ffi
c
i
en
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