TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol.14, No
.2, June 20
16
, pp. 734~7
4
0
ISSN: 1693-6
930,
accredited
A
by DIKTI, De
cree No: 58/DIK
T
I/Kep/2013
DOI
:
10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v14i1.2732
734
Re
cei
v
ed Se
ptem
ber 29, 2015; Revi
se
d Ja
n
uary 10,
2016; Accept
ed Feb 3, 20
16
Property Analysis of Composable Web Services
Wei Liu*, Lu Wang, Yu
y
u
e Du, Pin Wa
ng, Chun Ya
n
State Ke
y
L
a
b
o
rator
y
of Mini
ng Dis
aster Preventi
on a
nd C
ontrol,
Shan
do
ng Un
i
v
ersit
y
of Sci
e
n
c
e and T
e
chno
log
y
, Qing
da
o, Chin
a
Coll
eg
e of Information Sci
enc
e and En
gi
neer
ing, Sh
a
n
d
ong
Univers
i
t
y
of Scienc
e & T
e
ch
nol
og
y,
Qingd
ao, Ch
in
a
T
he Ke
y
La
bor
ator
y
of Embed
ded S
y
stem a
n
d
Serv
ice C
o
m
putin
g, Minist
r
y
of Educatio
n,
T
ongji
Un
iver
sit
y
, Sha
ngh
ai,
Chin
a
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
auther, e-ma
i
l
: liu
w
e
i_
doctor
@
yea
h
.net
A
b
st
r
a
ct
W
eb services
are basic co
mp
on
ents con
s
tructi
ng a fle
x
ible
busi
ness
process softw
are. By
compos
ing
mul
t
iple W
eb s
e
rvi
c
es, a complic
ated b
u
sin
e
ss process acr
o
ss
organ
i
z
a
t
i
on a
nd de
part
m
e
n
ts
can b
e
for
m
e
d
. T
h
is p
a
p
e
r prese
n
t a for
m
a
l
mo
del
of
compos
abl
e
W
eb servic
es: co
mpos
ed s
e
rvic
e
process
nets (
C
SPNs). Prop
erties
of Co
mposa
b
le
W
eb services are a
naly
z
e
d
bas
ed
on CSPNs.
T
h
e
relati
on betw
e
e
n
a CSPN an
d its correspo
ndi
ng W
eb se
rvic
e process su
bn
ets are discuss
ed. T
he prop
er
ty
ana
lysis
metho
d
s of CSP
N
s
a
r
e co
me
u
p
w
i
th. A dy
na
mic
p
r
operty
of CSP
N
s can
b
e
d
e
te
rmi
ned
b
a
sed
on
static net structures by me
a
n
s
of the propos
e
d
met
hods.
Ke
y
w
ords
: pa
ssing
mess
age
s, deadl
ock-fre
edo
m,
bus
in
es
s process, W
eb services
Copy
right
©
2016 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
Service
-
o
r
ien
t
ed co
mputin
g (SO
C
) i
s
widely u
s
e
d
[1]. With the
developm
en
t of Web
servi
c
e
s
, the
numbe
r of
Web serv
ices is in
cre
a
si
ng
dram
atically
[
2
-3]. Web
se
rvice
s
be
co
m
e
a
basi
c
comp
o
nent con
s
tru
c
ting a flexi
b
le bu
sine
ss pro
c
e
ss. B
y
compo
s
in
g
multiple Web
servi
c
e
s
, a complicated b
u
sin
e
ss p
r
o
c
ess ca
n be fo
rmed [4
-5]. The appli
c
atio
n of SOC re
d
u
ce
s
the complexi
ty of busin
e
s
s integ
r
atio
n within
an
enterpri
s
e
or o
r
g
anization an
d a
c
ross
enterp
r
i
s
e
s
o
r
o
r
ga
nizatio
n
s [6]. Se
rvice-ori
ented
computing
(S
OC)
cha
nge
d the t
r
an
ditiona
l
softwa
r
e dev
elopme
n
t. It
has be
en u
s
ed in e-com
m
erce of across org
ani
zat
i
ons an
d with
in an
orga
nization.
Different ente
r
pri
s
e
s
or o
r
g
anization
s co
ll
aborate mut
ually and form inter-e
nterprise o
r
inter-org
ani
za
tion workflow. Whe
n
colla
boratio
n h
a
p
pen
s am
ong
enterpri
s
e
s
or o
r
g
ani
zati
on
s
and diffe
rent
depa
rtment
s
within a
n
ent
erp
r
ise or
org
anization, a
workflo
w
a
c
ross o
r
gani
zat
i
ons
or
depa
rtmen
t
s is ge
ne
rate
d by m
ean
s
o
f
intera
ct
ion
s
[7-8]. Each o
r
gani
zation
or
depa
rtment i
s
serve
d
by a Web servi
c
e and this
Web
se
rvice
serve a
s
a
busin
ess p
r
ocess am
on
g
orga
nization
s
or dep
artme
n
ts within
a
n
orga
nization
[
9
].
Web
servi
c
e
s
al
so ca
n be combi
ned
by
many sm
all
Web
se
rvice
s
within a
n
enterp
r
i
s
e o
r
a workflow amon
g de
p
a
rtment
s of
an
enterp
r
i
s
e formed by intera
ction
s
of different
departments
[10]. In SOC
architec
ture,
the
intera
ction
s
o
r
collab
o
ratio
n
s a
m
on
g dif
f
erent
e
n
terp
rise
s o
r
de
pa
rtments a
r
e i
m
pleme
n
ted
by
me
ss
a
g
e
pas
s
i
n
g
amo
ng W
e
b se
r
v
ice
s
. By me
ans
of me
ssag
e pa
ssi
ng,
Web
se
rvice
s
in
different ente
r
pri
s
e
s
or d
e
partme
n
ts are con
n
e
c
ted
forming inte
r-orga
nizationa
l Web service
s
intera
ction sy
stem, which
l
ead
s
to We
b servi
c
e
c
o
mpo
s
itio
n ac
r
o
ss
or
g
a
n
i
za
tion
s
.
W
e
b se
r
v
ic
e
comp
ositio
n is a impo
rtant and valua
b
le
reserach field
in SOC [11].
To reali
z
e
Web
servi
c
e
compo
s
ition
effect
ively,
many com
p
o
s
ition lang
ua
ges a
n
d
interface spec
ific
ations
are propos
ed,
s
u
c
h
as
WS
-BPEL, WS-CDL and WS
CI [12]. They
c
an
be u
s
ed to d
e
scrib
e
Web
servi
c
e
com
p
osition. Bu
t they lack formal analy
s
is
for We
b service
composition.
Wheth
e
r
We
b servi
c
e
s
are comp
osabl
e or not
dep
e
nds o
n
the proper exe
c
tion
of Web
servi
c
e
comp
osition
workfl
ow
acro
ss o
r
gnization
s.
If Web
servi
c
e comp
ositio
n workflo
w
ca
n
be
execute
d
properly, Web
servi
c
e
s
are com
p
o
s
ab
le acro
ss o
r
gnization
s. If Web
servi
c
e
comp
ositio
n
workflo
w
can
not be exe
c
u
t
ed prope
rly, Web
se
rvices ar
e not
com
posable acro
ss
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Prope
rty Anal
ysi
s of Com
p
osa
b
le Web
Servi
c
e
s
(We
i
Liu)
735
orgni
zatio
n
s.
Hen
c
e, to ensu
r
e Web service
s
a
r
e compo
s
abl
e, the pro
p
e
r
exection of We
b
servi
c
e co
mp
osition wo
rkflow need
be
a
nalysi
z
ed an
d
verified. T
h
e re
se
arch i
n
this a
r
e
a
is p
a
id
more attention in SOC. We foc
u
s
on
and s
t
udy this
topic
in this
paper.
Web
servi
c
e
comp
ositio
n
workflo
w
i
s
o
ften analy
z
ed
by formal
m
e
thod
s in
clu
d
i
ng Petri
nets [13], stat
e automato
n
[14], descripti
on logi
c
[15],
pro
c
e
ss
alge
bra [16] a
nd
so o
n
. Pro
c
e
s
s
algeb
ra is
un
intuitive for its exce
ssive symbol
i
c
exp
r
essio
n
. For
descri
p
tion lo
gic, mod
e
ling
a
servi
c
e
co
mp
osition
is
still
at a th
eoretical l
e
ve
l si
nce it is comple
x for de
scri
bi
ng
servi
c
e
s
a
n
d
analyzi
ng the
i
r com
p
o
s
itio
n. State automaton is in
tu
itive, but has less
mathe
m
atical a
naly
s
is
method
s. Ba
sed
on thei
r
strict mathe
m
a
t
ical defin
itio
n
s
an
d g
r
ap
hical expression
, Petri nets
are
an effective descriptio
n
an
d analysi
s
tool for m
odeli
ng se
rvice
s
a
nd fit for modeling dist
ribut
ed
and lo
ose-co
upled
syste
m
s like
Web
se
rvice
s
. Hen
c
e
,
Petr nets are used to
mo
del Web
se
rvice
workflo
w
and
Web
se
rvice
comp
ositio
n workflo
w
in this pap
er.
In this pa
pe
r, the internal
pro
c
e
s
s of a
W
eb
se
rvice
i
s
represente
d
by a servi
c
e proce
s
s
net (SPN) ba
sed o
n
Petri nets. The inte
ractio
ns
a
m
o
ng multiple Web se
rvice
s
a
r
e den
oted b
y
a
comp
osed
se
rvice p
r
o
c
e
ss net (CSPN).
A CSPN i
s
comp
osed by
comm
on p
a
ssi
ng me
ssa
ge
places in
different SPNs.
The inte
rface
passin
g
me
ssag
e pla
c
e
s
i
n
a SPN indi
cate the
pa
ssing
messag
es a
m
ong
We
b service
s
. Th
e
colla
boration
s
an
d inte
ra
ctions a
m
on
g
Web
se
rvices are
r
e
pr
es
e
n
t
ed
b
y
C
SPN
s
.
By CSPNs a
nd SPNs,
We pre
s
e
n
t ne
ce
ssary
cond
itions of prop
er exe
c
ution
of Web
servi
c
e
co
m
positio
n
workflow. By the
s
e
ne
ce
ssary con
d
ition
s
, imprope
r
e
x
ecution
of
Web
servi
c
e
com
p
osition
ca
n b
e
judg
ed. Even thou
gh
e
a
c
h of m
u
ltiple We
b services i
s
de
adlo
c
k-
free, a com
p
osition
workfl
ow of multipl
e
Web
se
rvice
s
is not certain to dea
dlock-f
r
ee.
We
prop
ose the
necesssary
condition
of th
e p
r
ope
r
exe
c
ution
of
a
co
mpositio
n wo
rkflo
w
of
mult
iple
deadl
ock-f
r
ee
. We give the sub
c
la
ss of Web
servi
c
e
comp
sition. F
o
r the su
bcl
a
ss, we give the
suffice
nt an
d
ne
ce
ssary
condition
of p
r
oper exe
c
utio
n of
com
p
o
s
i
t
ion workflow. Differe
nt fro
m
previou
s
m
e
thod
s, these
method
s p
r
e
s
ente
d
in
thi
s
pape
r a
r
e b
a
se
d on th
e
static
stru
cture of
CSPNs. By th
ese meth
od
s, it is esay to
analyze p
r
op
erties of com
p
o
s
abl
e We
b se
rvice
s
.
The re
st of this pap
er i
s
orga
nized
as
follo
ws. I
n
Section 2,
Formal m
o
dels of
comp
osable
Web
se
rvices is p
r
e
s
ente
d
and i
n
trod
uc
ed. We an
alyze p
r
o
pertie
s
of co
mpo
s
a
b
le
Web
se
rvice
s
in detail in Section 3. Sect
ion 4 co
ncl
u
d
e
s the pa
per.
2. Formal Models of Co
mposable Web Serv
ices
Formal m
ode
ls are pro
p
o
s
ed for stu
d
ying t
he sati
sfied prope
rties of compo
s
a
b
le We
b
servi
c
e
s
. The
Web se
rvice
pro
c
e
ss n
e
ts are put
forwa
r
ded to den
ote Web services. The intern
al
servi
c
e proce
s
s
net
s (ISPNs) are
raise
d
to si
gnify t
he in
ner
We
b service
pro
c
e
ss. A
nd T
h
e
comp
osed
Web
se
rvice
pro
c
e
s
s net
s (CSPNs)
are
pre
s
e
n
te
d to express com
p
o
s
ed
Web
serv
i
c
e
s
.
Defini
tion 1:
A Web service is executed
prope
rly i
ff its input pa
ssi
ng messa
g
e
s
can be
gotten and it can terminate
normally.
Defini
tion 2
:
A compo
s
e
d
We
b
servi
c
e
is
executed
pr
op
erly iff e
a
ch
Web
se
rvice in
comp
osed se
rvice is exe
c
u
t
ed prop
erly.
A Web service pro
c
e
ss
ca
n be formally
rep
r
e
s
ente
d
by a SPN
model.
Defini
tion 3:
SPN
=(
P
,
T
,
F
,
M
0
) is a Web se
rvice p
r
oce
s
s net wh
ere
(1)
P
i
s
a set of place
s
.
P
=
P
I
P
MI
P
MO
are di
sju
n
ct subsets of pla
c
e
s
, whe
r
e
P
I
is a set
of internal pl
ace
s
,
P
MI
is
a set of inpu
t passing me
ssage pl
aces and
P
MO
is
a set of outp
u
t
passin
g
message pla
c
e
s
;
(2)
P
inc
l
ud
es tw
o sp
ec
ia
l in
te
r
n
a
l
p
l
ac
es
:
i
and
o
. Plac
e
i
is a
sta
r
t
place:
•
i
=
. Plac
e
o
is
a end pla
c
e:
o
•
=
;
(3)
T
is a
set
of transition
s
and
P
T
=
.
t
T
,
t
and
t
sepa
ratel
y
include
s a internal
place at least
;
(4)
F
(
P
T
)
(
T
P
) are di
rected e
dge
s repre
s
e
n
ting flow rel
a
tion
s;
(5)
M
:
P
is
the initial mark
ing func
tion of a SPN;
(6)
M
0
=
[
i
], [
i
] ([
o
]) rep
r
e
s
ent
s only pla
c
e
i
(
o
)
contai
n on
e token;
(7)
x
P
I
T
,
x
is
on a
path from
i
to
o
an
d
p
P
MI
P
MO
.
x
P
MI
,
x=
a
nd
x
onl
y
in
c
l
ud
es
a
trans
i
tion.
x
P
Mo
,
x
=
and
x
only incl
ude
s a
tran
sition.
A com
p
o
s
ed
Web
service
pro
c
e
s
s com
posed of
mult
iple Web services
can
be formally
rep
r
e
s
ente
d
by a CSPN m
odel.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 2, June 20
16 : 734 – 74
0
736
Defini
tion 4:
Let
SPN
k
=(
P
k
,
T
k
,
F
k
,
M
0
k
) be a
SPN
of the
k
-t
h coo
perative se
rvice
pro
c
e
ss net,
k
= 1
,
2
, . . .
,
n
.
CSPN
= (
P
,
T
,
F
,
M
0
) is a compo
s
e
d
Web
se
rvice pro
c
e
s
s ne
t
w
h
er
e
1)
P
=
∪
1
≤
k
≤
n
P
k
,
P
=
P
I
∪
P
MIO
∪
P
CMI
∪
P
CM
O
are di
sjun
ct
sub
s
ets of pl
aces, whe
r
e
P
I
=
∪
1
≤
k
≤
n
P
I
k
,
P
MIO
=(
∪
1
≤
k
≤
n
P
MO
k
)
(
∪
1
≤
k
≤
n
P
MI
k
)
P
CMI
=
∪
1
≤
k
≤
n
P
MI
k
\
∪
1
≤
k
≤
n
P
MO
k
,
P
CMO
=
∪
1
≤
k
≤
n
P
MO
k
\
∪
1
≤
k
≤
n
P
MI
k
;
2)
T
=
∪
1
≤
k
≤
n
T
k
;
3)
F
=
∪
1
≤
k
≤
n
F
k
;
.
4)
M
:
P
is the marki
ng functio
n
of a SPN;
4)
M
0
is the initial marki
n
g, and
∀
p
∈
P
k
:
M
0(p
)
=
M
0k(p)
, k= 1, 2, . . .,n.
M
ce
is the end
marking
whe
r
e each end pl
ace
o
of
SPN
k
, k= 1, 2, . . .,n contai
ns o
n
e
token.
In a
CSPN,
x
P
T
i
s
call
ed a
n
ode. Its
pre
s
et
•
x
={
y
(
y
,
x
)
F
}, and
po
stset
x
•
={
y
(
x
,
y
)
F
}.
Definition 5
:
Firing
rule
s of a transitio
n
t
in
CSPNs
. In a
CSPN
,
t
T
,
t
is enabled if
p
•
t
;
M
(
p
)
1. Firing en
abled
t
resul
t
s in a new markin
g
M
′
:
p
•
t
:
M
′
(
p
)=
M
(
p
)-1;
p
t
•
:
M
′
(
p
)=
M
(
p
)+
1;
R
(
M
0
) re
pre
s
ent
s the set
of all marki
n
g
s
rea
c
h
able from
M
0
.
Defini
tion 6
:
A
CSP
N
= (
P
,
T
,
F
,
M
0
) is corre
c
t iff its corre
s
po
ndi
ng compo
s
e
d
Web
servi
c
e is exe
c
uted p
r
op
erl
y
.
Defini
tion 7
:
If
CSPN
=
(
P
,
T
,
F
,
M
0
)
is
a C
SPN co
mpo
s
ed
o
f
n
SPNs
:
SP
N
k
=(
P
k
,
T
k
,
F
k
,
M
0
k
),
k
= 1
,
2
, . .
.,n
, then
SPN
k
is called t
he We
b se
rv
ice process subnet of
CSP
N
.
Defini
tion 8
:
ISPN
=
(
IP
,
IT
,
IF
,
IM
0
) is an inte
rnal
net of
a
We
b
se
rvice
process net
SPN
= (
P
,
T
,
F
,
M
0
), where
(1)
IP
is a set of place
s
.
IP
=
P
I
;
(2)
IP
incl
ude
s two spe
c
ial
internal pl
ace
s
:
i
and
o
. Place
i
is a
start place:
•
i
=
. Place
o
is an en
d pla
c
e:
o
•
=
;
(3)
IT
=
T
;
(4)
IF
=
F
((
P
I
T
)
(
T
P
I
));
(5)
M
:
IP
is the initial
markin
g func
tion of a ISPN;
IM
0
=
[
i
];
M
e
=
[
o
]
is th
e en
d
marking
whe
r
e the en
d place
o
co
n
t
ains on
e token.
Firing rule
s of transition
s
in
ISPNs is the same a
s
tho
s
e in
CSPNs
.
3. Propert
y
Analy
s
is of Compos
able
Web Serv
ic
es
Suppo
se e
a
ch input pa
ssi
ng me
ssage
is ne
ce
ssary
for We
b serv
ice
s
. If a co
mposed
Web
se
rvice
can exe
c
ute
prop
erly, then
each i
nput
p
a
ssing m
e
ssa
ge of ea
ch
Web se
rvice m
u
st
be gotten. Bu
t each outp
u
t passin
g
message of ea
ch
Web
se
rvice
doe
s not hav
e to be re
ceiv
ed
by anothe
r
Web servi
c
e b
e
c
au
se
output
passin
g
me
ssage
s do
es no
t affect the p
r
oper exe
c
utio
n
of a compo
s
e
d
Web
se
rvice. So
the below theo
rem
can be obtai
ne
d.
Theorem 1
:
If a compo
s
e
d
Web
servi
c
e is execut
e
d
prop
erly, then its co
rrespondi
ng
CSPN
=
(
P
,
T
,
F
,
M
0
) sat
i
sf
ies:
P
CMI
=
.
Proof
: If a composed Web
service ca
n execute
p
r
op
erly, it means that every passi
n
g
messag
e of e
a
ch
We
b se
rvice in the
co
mposed
se
rv
ice i
s
ce
rtain t
o
be gotten.
Acco
rdi
ng to
the
definition of a
CSPN, the input place set
P
CMI
of a CSPN must b
e
e
m
pty, i.e.
P
CM
I
=
.
Theorem 2
:
If a compo
s
e
d
Web
servi
c
e is execut
e
d
prop
erly, then its co
rrespondi
ng
CSPN
=
(
P
,
T
,
F
,
M
0
) is deadlo
c
k-fre
e
e
x
cept at the end markin
g
M
ce
.
Proof
: Acco
rding to
defini
t
ions, A
com
posed
We
b service
can
b
e
exe
c
uted
p
r
ope
rly if
and o
n
ly if e
a
ch
Web
se
rvice in th
e
co
mposed
We
b
se
rvice
can be
exe
c
uted
prop
erly.
A Web
servi
c
e i
s
ex
ecute
d
p
r
ope
rly iff its input
passin
g
me
ssag
es
ca
n be
gotten a
nd it
can
termi
nat
e
norm
a
lly. From the two definitions, it can
be inferre
d that if a compose
d
Web
se
rvice is exe
c
u
t
ed
prop
erly, then
each
Web
se
rvice in the co
mpo
s
ed
se
rvice ca
n term
inate normall
y.
Proof by cont
radi
ction is u
s
ed. Suppo
se
the
CSPN
is
deadl
ock. It can be inferre
d
that a
t
least on
e of Web
servi
c
e
s
in the compo
s
ed
Web
se
rv
ice is n
o
t executed p
r
op
erl
y
. However, t
h
is
con
c
lu
sio
n
is contra
dicto
r
y to the above inferen
c
e fro
m
prerequi
sit
e
s. He
nce, th
e theorem 2 i
s
c
o
rrec
t.
Defini
tion 9
: C is a path le
ading fro
m
no
de n
1
to n
k
iff
a node
seq
uen
ce <n
1
, n
2
, ..
., n
k
>
in CS
P
N
s
su
ch t
hat
(n
i
, n
i+
1
)
F , i=1, 2, ..., k-1. Let &(C) repr
esent
the alphabet
of
a path
C, i.e.,
&(C)=
{
n
1
, n
2
, ..., n
k
}. C is a
n
elem
entary
path iff
n
i
, n
j
&(C), if i
j, n
i
n
j
. Node
n
j
is
an in
heri
t
or
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Prope
rty Anal
ysi
s of Com
p
osa
b
le Web
Servi
c
e
s
(We
i
Liu)
737
of nod
e n
i
i
n
C (notation
n
i
C
n
j
) iff
n
i
,
n
i+1
, ...
,
n
j
&
(
C
)
su
ch t
h
at
(
n
i
, n
i+1
), (n
i+1
, n
i+
2
), ..., (n
j-1
,
n
j
)
F.
In ou
r
study, the
pa
ssin
g
me
ssage
pl
ace
s
i
n
CSPNs a
r
e
divid
ed into
two
cla
s
ses.
Place
s
stan
di
ng for input p
a
ssing me
ssa
ges a
r
e de
no
ted by
P
CMI
and places
sta
nding for o
u
tput
passin
g
me
ssag
es are de
noted
by
P
CMO
. The sen
d
i
ng tran
sition
of place
p
is
denote
d
by s(
p
).
The re
ceivin
g
transition of
place
p
is de
noted by r(
p
).
Theorem 3
:
Let a CSP
N
be
com
p
o
s
ed
of two d
eadlo
c
k-free
Web
se
rvice
pro
c
e
s
s
sub
net
s:
S
P
N
1
and SPN
2
and
P
CMI
=
. ISPN
1
and ISPN
2
are d
ead
lock-free except at their e
n
d
marking. F
o
r
any elem
enta
r
y path
C
j
le
a
d
ing from
i
to
o
in SP
N
j
, j=1, 2, and
l
{0
,1}, there
exists
no pair of pa
ssing me
ssag
e place
s
p
an
d
q
such that r
l+1
(
p
)
1
l
C
s
l+1
(
q
) and r
2-l
(
q
)
l
C
2
s
2-l
(
p
) ar
e
simultan
eou
sl
y satisfied if the C
SPN i
s
d
eadlo
c
k-free
except at
M
ce
.
Proof: In the proof, redu
ction to absurdity
is use
d
. Suppose the con
c
lu
sio
n
is not
corre
c
t,
i.e.,
for som
e
ele
m
entary path
C
j
l
eadi
ng f
r
om
i
to
o
in
SPN
j
, j=1,
2,
and l
{0,1
}, there
exists som
e
pair
of pa
ssi
ng
me
ssage
places
p
a
nd
q
su
ch t
h
at
r
l+1
(
p
)
1
l
C
s
l+1
(
q
) a
nd r
2-l
(
q
)
l
C
2
s
2-l
(
p
) are
si
multaneo
usly
satisfied. Th
at indicate
s that there exi
s
ts the case
such that
SPN
l+1
wait
s
to re
ceive th
e pa
ssing
m
e
ssag
e of
p
from SP
N
2-l
a
nd SPN
2-l
waits to receive the
passin
g
me
ssag
e of
q
from SPN
l+1
, wh
ich i
s
called
circul
ar
dea
dlo
ck. In thi
s
ca
se, s
l+1
(
q
)
and
s
2-
l
(
p
)
are two
d
ead tran
sition
s, and
the
CSPN is
dea
dl
ock. But this
con
c
lu
sio
n
is
contradi
ctory
to
the conditio
n
in the theorem 3 that
CSPN is de
adlo
c
k-fre
e
except at
M
ce
. Thereby, the
sup
p
o
s
ition is not true and
the Lemma i
s
corre
c
t.
Extend
theor
e
m
3
to a general
ca
se in
volving multiple Web
servi
c
e pro
c
e
ss
su
bnets.
Theorem 4
:
Let a CSPN
be co
mpo
s
e
d
of n Web
se
rvice p
r
o
c
e
s
s subn
ets: SPN
i
, i =
1
,
...,
n,
P
CMI
=
and
ISPN
i
is deadl
ock-f
r
ee
except at th
eir end ma
rki
ng.
u,v
{1, ...
, n}, u
v, any
two elem
enta
r
y paths
C
u
and C
v
leading from
i
to
o
in SPN
u
a
nd SPN
v
, res
p
ec
tively, there
exists n
o
pai
r of passin
g
m
e
ssag
e pla
c
e
s
p
a
nd
q
in
P
MI
O
such t
h
a
t
f
o
r k,
l
{u, v
}
, k
l, r
k
(
p
)
k
C
s
k
(
q
) and
r
l
(
q
)
l
C
s
l
(
p
) are sim
u
ltaneo
usly satisfied if the
CSPN is d
e
a
d
lock-f
ree ex
cept at
M
ce
.
Proof: It is similar to the
theor
e
m
3
. Bas
e
d
on
theorem 3
,
i
t
i
s
e
a
s
y
t
o
v
e
r
i
f
y
t
h
e
Theorem 4
.
From
theor
e
m
3
and
theorem 4
, alth
ough th
e de
adlo
ck
of a CSPN d
epen
ds o
n
its
dynamic exe
c
ution, it i
s
e
a
sy to verify t
hat a
CSPN i
s
de
adlo
c
k b
a
se
d on th
e
net structu
r
e,
thus
the corre
s
p
o
n
d
ing compo
s
ed We
b se
rvic
e is n
o
t executed pro
p
e
r
ly based on
theorem 4
.
For the CSP
N
1
in Figure
1, SPN
1
and SPN
2
are the two co
rre
spondi
ng We
b
service
pro
c
e
s
s subn
ets of th
e
CS
PN
1
. In the fo
llowing,
we a
pply
th
eorem
3 a
nd
theor
e
m 4
to
analy
z
e
the deadl
ock-free
dom of the CSPN
1
. T
he dea
dlo
c
k-freedo
m of ISPN
1
and ISPN
2
is obvio
us
except at thei
r end ma
rking
.
P
MI
O
= {p
6
, p
7
, p
8
, p
9
}, s(p
6
)=
t
7,
r (p
6
)=
t
2
,
s
(
p
7
)=
t
2,
r(p
7
)= t
8
, s
(
p
8
)=
t
3,
r (
p
8
)=
t
6
,s
(p
9
)= t
6
an
d r(p
9
)=
t
4
. In SPN
1
, there
is one
eleme
n
tary path
lead
ing
i
to
o
, C
1
=
i
1
t
1
p
2
t
2
p
3
t
3
p
4
t
4
o
1
. In PS
1
, there is one ele
m
e
n
tary path, i.e., C
2
= i
2
t
5
p
11
t
6
p
12
t
7
p
13
t
8
o
2
. It is eas
y
to verify that
p,
q
P
MI
O
,
there exists a pair
of
intera
ctive int
e
rface pl
aces p
6
an
d p
8
su
ch t
h
at
r
(
p
6
)= t
2
1
C
s(p
8
)=
t
3
a
nd r(p
8
)=
t
6
2
C
s(
p
6
)=
t
7
are
simulta
n
eou
sly sati
sfied. Acco
rdin
g to
th
eore
m 3 and
th
eorem 4
, the CSP
N
1
is not
deadl
ock-f
r
ee
, thus the co
rresp
ondi
ng co
mposed
Web
service ca
nn
ot be execute
d
prop
erly.
It is a nece
s
sary conditi
on of ke
epin
g
deadl
ock-f
r
ee of a CS
PN com
p
o
s
e
d
of n
deadl
ock-f
r
ee
We
b
servi
c
e
pro
c
e
s
s
sub
nets th
at t
here is no
ci
rcul
ar d
eadl
ock except at
the
i
r
end markin
g
s
,
but not a sufficie
n
t
con
d
ition.
Fo
r ex
ample, the
CSPN compo
s
ed of t
w
o
Web
servi
c
e p
r
o
c
e
ss
sub
nets i
s
sho
w
n in Fig
u
rre 2. For th
e CSPN
2
in F
i
g.2, SPN
3
and SPN
4
are t
h
e
two
corre
s
po
nding We
b service
process subn
et
s
of the CSP
N
2
. T
he de
adlo
c
k-f
r
eed
om of IS
PN
3
and ISPN
4
i
s
easy to
p
r
ove
.
P
MI
O
={p
8,
p
9,
p
10
},s(p
8
)=
t
4,
r (
p
8
)=
t
2
,
s (p
9
)= t
3,
r
(p
9
)=
t
5
,
s
(
p
10
)= t
1,
r(p
10
)=
t
6
. In
SPN
3
, there are two el
em
entary path
s
leadin
g
from
i
to
o
.
C
3
(1)
=i
1
t
1
p
3
t
7
o
1
.
C
3
(2)
=i
1
t
2
p
2
t
3
p
3
t
7
o
1
. In
SPN
3
,
there
is
o
ne elem
entary path, i.e.,
C
4
(1)
=i
2
t
4
p
5
t
5
p
6
t
6
o
2
. It is
easy to verify that
p, q
P
MI
O
, there
doe
s no
t evidently exist j
{1, 2
}
an
d
k
{
1
}
su
ch th
at each of (r
3
(p)
()
3
j
C
p
s
3
(q
))
(r
4
(q)
()
4
k
C
p
s
4
(p
)) a
nd
(r
4
(p)
()
4
k
C
p
s
4
(q))
( r
3
(q
)
()
3
j
C
p
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 2, June 20
16 : 734 – 74
0
738
s
3
(p
)) i
s
satisf
ied. It can be
verified that the CSPN
2
in
Figure 2 is
n
o
t deadlo
c
k-free exce
pt at its
end ma
rki
ng.
Figure 1. The
CSPN
1
com
p
ose
d
of SPN
1
and SPN
2
an
d their co
rrespondi
ng ISPN
1
and ISPN
2
i
1
t
1
t
2
P
2
t
3
P
3
t
7
O
1
P
8
P
9
P
10
t
4
P
5
i
2
t
5
P
6
t
6
O
2
CS
P
N
2
i
1
t
2
P
2
t
3
P
3
t
7
O
1
i
2
t
4
P
5
t
5
P
6
t
6
O
2
SP
N
3
SPN
4
IS
PN
3
IS
PN
4
t
1
Figure 2. The
CSPN
2
com
p
ose
d
of SPN
3
and SPN
4
an
d their co
rrespondi
ng ISPN
3
and ISPN
4
Gene
rally, th
e de
adlo
c
k-freedom
of a
CSPN
dep
en
ds
on
not onl
y the orde
r of
se
nding
and
re
ceivin
g a
c
tion
s a
m
ong
pro
c
e
s
s
sub
nets, b
u
t also the
choi
ce
of firi
ng
sequ
en
ce
s i
n
con
d
itional ro
uting co
nstru
c
ts.
Although it
is
a ne
ce
ssary
con
d
ition
of keepi
n
g
d
eadl
ock-free
of a
CSPN
co
mpo
s
ed
of n
deadl
ock-f
r
ee
We
b service proces
s
subnet
s at th
eir e
nd m
a
rking
that the
r
e is
no
circular
deadl
ock, n
o
t a
sufficie
n
t
con
d
ition, for so
me i
n
te
re
sting
su
bcl
a
sse
s
of
CSPNs, it i
s
suffici
en
t
and ne
ce
ssa
r
y con
d
ition. We focus
on
a cla
ss of
CSPNs in which n
one of
the sen
d
ing
and
receiving a
c
tions i
s
incl
ude
d in any con
d
i
tional routin
g
con
s
tru
c
tion.
Defini
tion 10
:
A Web
se
rvice p
r
o
c
e
ss
subnet
SPN
i
s
CC- limited iff
p
1
,
p
2
P
I
, if there
exist two
ele
m
entary
path
s
C
1
an
d
C
2
(C
1
C
2
) lea
d
ing f
r
om
i
to
o
, an
d &(C
1
)
&(C
2
)=
{
p
1
,
p
2
},
then
t
T
(
•
P
MO
•
P
MI
):
t
&(C
1
)
&(
C
2
). A
CSP
N
i
s
CC-limited iff eac
h of
its Web
se
rvice
p
r
oc
es
s
s
u
bne
ts
is
CC-
limite
d
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Prope
rty Anal
ysi
s of Com
p
osa
b
le Web
Servi
c
e
s
(We
i
Liu)
739
Theorem 5:
Let a
CSP
N
b
e
CC- li
mited an
d
P
CMI
=
, w
h
ic
h is
c
o
mp
os
ed
o
f
tw
o
deadl
ock-f
r
ee
Web service
process sub
nets except a
t
their end m
a
rki
n
g
s
: SPN
1
and SPN
2
. For
any elementa
r
y path C
j
lea
d
ing from
i
to
o
in SPN
j
, j=1, 2, and l
{
0
,1}, there ex
ists no
pair o
f
passin
g
me
ssag
e pla
c
e
s
p
and
q
such that r
l+1
(
p
)
1
l
C
s
l+1
(
q
) an
d r
2-l
(
q
)
l
C
2
s
2-l
(
p
) are
simultan
eou
sl
y satisfied iff the CSPN i
s
d
eadlo
c
k-free
except at its end ma
rki
ng.
Sufficiency: S
i
nce
both
SP
N
1
a
nd SP
N
2
are
de
adlo
c
k-free
exce
pt at
their en
d m
a
rkin
gs,
the dea
dlo
c
k-freedo
m except at its e
n
d
markin
g
of the CSP
N
d
e
pend
s o
n
the
deadl
ock of
the
transitio
ns rel
a
ted to th
e pl
ace
s
i
n
P
MI
O
and th
eir
preceden
ce
orde
r in e
a
ch
Web
se
rvice
p
r
o
c
ess
sub
net.
However,
the ord
e
r can
not
b
e
update
d
whe
n
a
CSPN is
con
s
tru
c
ted, i
.
e. the st
ruct
ura
l
orde
r of the tran
sition
s in every Web
service p
r
o
c
e
s
s su
bnet is th
e same a
s
that in the CSPN.
Con
s
e
quently
,
when
both Web se
rvice pro
c
e
ss su
b
n
e
ts are dea
dl
ock-free in a
CSPN, if the
CSPN i
s
not
deadl
ock-f
r
ee
, this m
ean
s
that the in
co
rrect
order of
the tran
sition
s
related
to t
h
e
passin
g
messag
e pla
c
e
s
in some
Web
servi
c
e p
r
o
c
e
ss
sub
nets le
ads to some
dead tra
n
sitio
n
s
in the CSPN.
Becau
s
e th
e
CSPN i
s
CC-limited, this
mean
s that the sendin
g
a
nd re
ceivin
g
passin
g
messag
e pla
c
e
s
betwe
en
SPN
1
and SPN
2
are only in sequ
ential
routing
con
s
truction
s in SPN
1
and SPN
2.
By means of th
e con
d
itions
of
the theore
m
, any elementary path C
j
leadin
g
from
i
to
o
in SPN
j
, j
=
1
,
2, and l
{0,
1
}, there exi
s
ts n
o
pai
r
of p
a
ssing me
ssage
pl
aces
p
and
q
such that
r
l+1
(
p
)
1
l
C
s
l+1
(
q
) a
nd r
2-l
(
q
)
l
C
2
s
2-l
(
p
) are sim
u
ltaneou
sly sati
sfied. T
hat is t
o
say, there exist
s
no ca
se
su
c
h
t
hat
S
P
N
l+1
waits to re
ceive the messag
e of
p
from SPN
2-l
and SPN
2-l
waits
to
receive the
m
e
ssag
e of
q
from SP
N
l+1
. Thereby, ea
ch tran
sition
in
SPN
1
an
d S
P
N
2
is
dea
dlo
c
k-
free in the CS
PN and the CSPN is dea
dl
ock-free.
Ne
ce
ssit
y
:
C
C
-limit
e
d
CS
P
N
are t
he
spe
c
ial c
a
s
e
of
CS
P
N
s.
S
o
t
he con
c
l
u
sio
n
is
corre
c
t ba
sed
on
theor
e
m 4.
Extend
Theo
r
em 5
to a general
ca
se in
volving multiple Web
servi
c
e pro
c
e
ss
su
bnets
Theorem 6
: Let
a CSPN be CC-limited
and
P
CMI
=
, whi
c
h i
s
com
posed
of n
d
eadlo
c
k-
free We
b se
rvice pro
c
e
s
s sub
nets at their end ma
rki
ngs: SPN
i
, i
=
1
, ...,
n.
If
u, v
{1, ..
., n
}
,
u
v, (
P
MI
u
P
MOu
)
(P
MI
v
P
MO
v
)
, an
d any two ele
m
entary path
s
C
u
and
C
v
leadin
g
from
i
to
o
in SPN
u
and SPN
v
, respe
c
tively, there exists no pa
ir of passing
message pl
ace
s
p
and
q
in
P
Iu
P
Iv
s
u
c
h
that for k
,
l
{u
, v}, k
l, r
k
(p
)
k
C
s
k
(
q
) and r
l
(
q
)
l
C
s
l
(
p
) are
sim
u
ltaneo
usly satisfied
iff the CSPN is dea
dlo
c
k-free exce
pt at its end ma
rki
n
g.
Proof: It is
s
i
milar to the
Theorem 5
. Based on
Th
eorem 5
, it is
eas
y
to verify the
theore
m
6.
A
cco
rdi
ng t
o
Theorem 5
and Theor
em 6
, a rigorou
s an
alysis app
roa
c
h
same a
s
theor
e
m 3 a
nd the
o
rem
4
is given
ba
sed
on only
static net st
ructures
of CSP
N
s to ve
rify the
liveness preservation for
CC-limite
d
CS
PNs.
4. Conclusio
n
The
appli
c
ati
on of S
O
C
redu
ce
s the
co
mplexity
of bu
sine
ss
integratio
n
within an
enterp
r
i
s
e an
d across org
anization
s. To study
the satisfie
d pro
pertie
s
of co
mposable
Web
servi
c
e
s
, formal model
s
based on Pe
tri nets a
r
e
prop
osed in
this pap
er: the We
b serv
ice
p
r
oc
es
s
ne
ts (
SPN
s)
r
e
pre
s
en
tin
g
Web
s
e
r
v
ic
es
, th
e
in
te
r
n
a
l
se
r
v
ic
e
pr
oc
es
s
ne
ts
(
I
SPN
s
)
rep
r
e
s
entin
g the inne
r Web se
rvice p
r
ocess a
nd the co
mpo
s
e
d
Web
se
rvice p
r
o
c
e
ss
net
s
(CSPNs) d
e
n
o
ting the
a
compo
s
ed
We
b service.
Ba
sed
on th
e a
bove three fo
rmal m
odel
s,
the
prop
ertie
s
of
compo
s
a
b
le
Web services ar
e studi
ed. The rel
a
tions
hi
p between the pro
per
executio
n of
We
b
servi
c
e compo
s
itio
n an
d inte
rface
pa
ssing
messa
g
e
s
and
deadl
ock of
c
o
mpos
ition work
flow
is
disc
us
sed.If
a
comp
os
ed Web
s
e
rvice is executed properly, its
corre
s
p
ondin
g
CSPN is
deadl
ock-f
r
ee
except
at
the en
d ma
rking. To
red
u
c
e
com
p
lexity of
analysi
s
,
the
relation
bet
ween a CSPN and
it
s
co
rre
spondi
ng We
b
se
rvice
p
r
o
c
ess sub
nets are
discu
s
sed. If the CSPN
compo
s
ed
of multiple
de
ad
lock-free We
b
se
rvice pro
c
e
ss su
bnet
s
is
deadl
ock-f
r
ee
exce
pt their end
markin
g
s
, no
ci
rcular deadl
ocks e
x
ist. Althoug
h the d
eadl
o
c
k-
freedo
m is a
dynamic
pro
p
e
rty, the prop
erty
of deadl
o
c
k-fre
edom
can be ju
dge
d
based on
stat
ic
net st
ru
cture
s
by
mea
n
s
of the
pro
p
o
s
ed
meth
od
s
.
Ho
wev
e
r, it is
a
ne
ce
ss
ary
con
d
it
ion
.
A
spe
c
ial
sub
c
l
a
ss i
s
com
e
up
with in
the
pap
er, it i
s
a
suffici
ent a
n
d
ne
ce
ssary
con
d
ition fo
r
CC-
limited CSPN. Petri nets are also ad
opte
d
in some
pa
pers to model
Web se
rvice. Different fro
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 2, June 20
16 : 734 – 74
0
740
previou
s
met
hod
s, analysi
s
metho
d
s
prese
n
ted in
thi
s
pa
per
are
b
a
se
d on the
static stru
ctu
r
e
of
CSPNs.By these meth
od
s, it is easier to
anal
yze
p
r
op
erties
of com
posable Web servi
c
e
s
.
Ackn
o
w
l
e
dg
ements
This work is supp
orted b
y
the National Natural Scien
c
e Fo
un
dation of Chi
na und
e
r
grant
614
722
28, 611
700
7
8
; the Natural
Scien
c
e
Fou
ndation
of Sh
ando
ng p
r
ovi
n
ce
und
er
grant
ZR20
14FM
0
0
9
, the docto
ral pro
g
ra
m o
f
higher e
d
u
c
ation of the spe
c
iali
zed
rese
arch fun
d
of
Chin
a unde
r grant 201
13
7181
1000
4; the Proje
c
t of Shandon
g Province Hig
her Edu
c
atio
nal
Scien
c
e a
n
d
Tech
nolo
g
y Program un
der G
r
ant
n
u
m
ber
J12
L
N11; the Chi
n
a's Po
st-d
oct
o
ral
Scien
c
e F
u
n
d
unde
r g
r
an
t 2012M5
213
62;the Proj
ect of Shandon
g Post-do
c
toral Fund
und
e
r
grant 20
130
3
071;the international co
o
peratio
n train
i
ng Proje
c
t of Shandon
g Province Hig
h
e
r
Educatio
nal outstan
ding
y
outh
ba
ckbo
ne teachers; and Basi
c Re
se
arch Pro
g
r
am of Qing
d
ao
City of China
unde
r grant No. 13-1
-
4-116
-jch.
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