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n
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
:
d
eta
i
l d
escr
ip
tio
n
a
n
d
b
en
ch
ma
r
kin
g
(
On
n
o
W
.
P
u
r
b
o
)
1811
s
elec
tio
n
a
n
d
co
llectio
n
m
a
y
b
e
ce
n
tr
alize
d
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
an
au
t
h
o
r
itativ
e
b
o
d
y
th
e
co
lle
cted
co
n
ten
t
co
p
ies
in
to
an
SD
/
Mic
r
o
SD
ca
r
d
an
d
r
ea
d
y
to
r
u
n
.
Ma
ter
ial
is
th
en
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
in
s
ta
lled
o
n
a
lo
ca
l
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i ser
v
er
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
ac
ce
s
s
lo
ca
l
n
et
w
o
r
k
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
s
u
ch
a
s
L
A
N
an
d
W
iFi
.
A
ll
th
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
u
s
ed
is
o
p
en
s
o
u
r
ce
-
t
h
e
d
etailed
n
o
te
o
n
h
o
w
to
in
s
tall
i
t
f
r
ee
l
y
av
ailab
le
o
n
On
n
o
C
en
ter
’
s
w
ik
i in
i
n
ter
n
et
-
o
f
f
li
n
e
to
p
ics.
T
o
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
iz
e
n
ee
d
ed
co
n
ten
t
f
o
r
o
f
f
li
n
e
web
co
n
ten
t,
o
n
e
u
s
es
m
ai
n
l
y
t
h
e
co
m
m
a
n
d
s
,
1
)
r
s
y
n
c
a
s
er
v
er
ap
p
t
o
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
ize
co
n
ten
t
[
6
]
,
an
d
2
)
w
g
et
a
s
er
v
er
ap
p
to
p
ar
tiall
y
co
p
y
o
r
co
p
y
th
e
en
tire
w
eb
co
n
ten
t.
Scr
ip
ts
f
o
r
r
s
y
n
c
an
d
w
g
et
ar
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
t
o
s
u
it
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
n
ee
d
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
UR
L
o
f
th
e
w
eb
,
an
d
th
e
d
ep
th
o
f
co
p
ied
p
ag
es.
I
n
t
h
e
in
ter
n
et
-
o
f
f
li
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
h
as
s
ev
er
al
s
er
v
ices.
Ki
w
i
x
is
u
s
ed
to
d
is
p
lay
a
n
o
f
f
li
n
e
w
i
k
i
d
ata.
A
p
a
ch
e,
M
y
SQ
L
,
P
HP
p
r
o
v
id
es
w
eb
s
er
v
ice
s
.
Sa
m
b
a
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
ile
s
h
ar
i
n
g
a
n
d
v
id
e
o
s
tr
ea
m
i
n
g
s
er
v
ice
s
.
T
h
e
DHCP
s
er
v
er
is
u
s
ed
to
g
i
v
e
an
I
P
ad
d
r
ess
to
L
A
N
clien
t
s
.
B
I
ND
-
s
er
v
er
is
u
s
ed
t
o
s
p
o
o
f
th
e
h
o
s
tn
a
m
e
a
n
d
r
ed
ir
ec
t to
th
e
lo
ca
l v
ir
t
u
al
h
o
s
ti
n
g
.
On
t
h
e
clien
t sid
e,
r
eg
u
lar
to
o
ls
f
o
r
ac
ce
s
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
et
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
s
d
o
n
o
t
h
av
e
to
k
n
o
w
t
h
at
th
e
ac
tu
al
co
n
te
n
t
is
o
n
th
e
lo
ca
l ser
v
er
i
n
th
eir
s
ch
o
o
l
.
4.
P
RE
L
I
M
I
NARY
DE
V
E
L
O
P
M
E
NT
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
h
as
s
elf
-
f
i
n
an
c
iall
y
s
tar
ted
t
h
e
i
n
it
ial
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
e
d
etail
d
o
cu
m
en
tatio
n
is
f
r
ee
l
y
r
elea
s
ed
o
n
lin
e
v
ia
On
n
o
C
e
n
t
er
'
s
W
i
k
i
a
n
d
,
th
u
s
,
s
ch
o
o
ls
m
a
y
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
r
ec
ei
v
e
t
h
e
b
e
n
ef
it
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
o
p
en
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
in
t
h
e
in
ter
n
et
-
o
f
f
li
n
e
S
y
s
te
m
,
n
a
m
el
y
,
1
)
co
n
ten
t
co
l
lecto
r
/co
n
tr
o
ller
/
ac
cu
m
u
l
ato
r
,
an
d
co
n
ten
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
to
r
to
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
2
)
in
ter
n
et
-
o
f
f
li
n
e
in
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
at
s
ch
o
o
ls
,
an
d
3
)
u
s
er
s
m
o
s
tl
y
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
/teac
h
er
s
w
h
o
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
co
n
ten
t
v
ia
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
e
s
/co
m
p
u
ter
s
.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
v
ital
ta
s
k
s
a
n
d
is
s
u
es
o
f
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
co
l
lecto
r
/co
n
tr
o
ller
/acc
u
m
u
lato
r
ar
e
a
s
f
o
llo
ws
1
)
d
eter
m
in
e
w
h
ic
h
co
n
te
n
t/
web
n
ee
d
s
to
r
etr
iev
ed
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
c
h
o
o
l'
s
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
,
2
)
to
tal
co
n
ten
t
s
ize
w
ill
b
e
li
m
ited
to
t
h
e
s
ize
o
f
Mic
r
o
SD.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
a
f
f
o
r
d
ab
le
Mic
r
o
SD
h
as
ar
o
u
n
d
8
-
1
6
Gb
y
te
s
p
ac
e,
w
h
ic
h
i
s
a
lo
t
f
o
r
tex
t
co
n
te
n
t,
b
u
t
n
o
t
m
u
c
h
o
f
v
id
eo
co
n
ten
t,
3
)
co
n
ten
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ad
j
u
s
ted
to
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
'
s
c
u
r
r
icu
l
u
m
at
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lev
el
s
/
g
r
ad
es,
an
d
4
)
c
o
n
ten
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
m
o
d
if
ie
d
to
th
e
teac
h
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
in
I
n
d
o
n
esia,
th
er
e
i
s
cu
r
r
en
tl
y
n
o
s
tan
d
ar
d
o
n
th
e
teac
h
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
s
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
lin
e
m
ater
ial
s
.
No
t
m
a
n
y
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
f
ac
u
lt
ies
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
m
a
x
i
m
ize
o
n
lin
e
teac
h
i
n
g
m
ater
ial
i
n
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
a
teac
h
er
'
s
cr
ea
tiv
i
t
y
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
m
a
x
i
m
ize
t
h
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
e
x
is
tin
g
co
n
te
n
t.
In
-
d
ep
th
co
n
ten
t
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
f
o
r
th
e
in
ter
n
et
co
n
te
n
t
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
d
o
n
e.
R
esear
ch
o
n
an
au
to
m
ated
co
n
te
n
t
s
elec
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
s
i
n
g
w
eb
cr
a
w
l
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
w
i
th
te
x
t
m
in
in
g
an
d
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
class
i
f
icatio
n
is
cu
r
r
en
tl
y
b
ein
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
.
O
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t sig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
o
f
i
n
ter
n
et
-
o
f
f
li
n
e
So
l
u
tio
n
is
th
at
teac
h
er
s
n
o
lo
n
g
er
h
av
e
to
w
o
r
r
y
ab
o
u
t
p
o
r
n
o
g
r
ap
h
i
c,
in
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
n
ten
t,
c
y
b
e
r
b
u
ll
y
,
s
p
a
m
,
h
o
ax
,
an
d
u
n
p
r
o
d
u
cti
v
e
co
n
ten
t
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
e
t.
T
h
u
s
,
s
ch
o
o
ls
m
a
y
f
o
cu
s
o
n
ac
t
u
al
tea
ch
in
g
o
n
l
y
co
n
te
n
t.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
icall
y
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
co
p
y
i
n
g
m
ater
ial
to
m
ak
e
i
t
av
ailab
le
o
f
f
li
n
e
is
r
elati
v
el
y
s
i
m
p
le,
an
d
ev
e
n
th
e
W
i
k
ip
ed
ia
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
h
a
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
Ki
w
i
x
f
o
r
th
e
s
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
es.
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o
cr
ea
te
a
w
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c
o
p
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o
f
a
s
ite
in
to
th
e
R
a
s
p
b
er
r
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P
i
'
s
Mic
r
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SD is
b
y
u
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i
n
g
th
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f
o
llo
w
i
n
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co
m
m
an
d
s
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m
k
d
ir
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/v
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www
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h
t
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l
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ir
r
o
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www
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h
t
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et
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p
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m
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o
u
ld
b
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p
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s
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a
f
ter
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ec
eiv
in
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p
er
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io
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p
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n
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ed
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th
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eq
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er
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er
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Do
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ain
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eta
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l d
escr
ip
tio
n
a
n
d
b
en
ch
ma
r
kin
g
(
On
n
o
W
.
P
u
r
b
o
)
1817
6.
I
NT
E
RN
E
T
-
O
F
F
L
I
N
E
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
USA
G
E
ST
RAT
E
G
Y
I
N
R
URA
L
SCH
O
O
L
S
T
h
e
in
ter
n
et
-
o
f
f
li
n
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i3
h
as
a
li
m
ited
s
er
v
ice
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
A
f
u
ll
y
c
h
ar
g
ed
p
o
w
er
m
a
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
6
+
o
p
e
r
atio
n
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
a
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i3
Ser
v
er
to
s
er
v
e
a
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
f
2
0
clien
ts
.
T
h
e
id
ea
l
co
n
d
itio
n
is
w
h
e
n
(
1
)
elec
tr
ic
al
p
o
w
er
is
av
ailab
le,
(
2
)
th
e
s
er
v
er
r
u
n
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
o
p
er
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
,
an
d
(
3
)
ea
ch
class
h
a
s
a
s
m
al
l
W
i
Fi
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
in
t
t
h
at
ca
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
i
n
ter
n
et
-
o
f
f
li
n
e
s
er
v
er
.
Sin
ce
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
h
a
v
e
an
y
t
i
m
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
e
s
t
lo
ad
lik
el
y
o
cc
u
r
s
w
h
e
n
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
h
a
v
e
n
o
class
ac
tiv
itie
s
an
d
d
o
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
lear
n
i
n
g
ac
ti
v
ities
.
W
ith
th
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i3
s
er
v
e
r
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
ll
b
e
li
m
ited
to
s
er
v
e
2
0
s
i
m
u
l
tan
e
o
u
s
l
y
ac
ce
s
s
clie
n
t
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
f
o
r
a
lar
g
e
clie
n
t
b
ased
,
a
lar
g
e
r
s
er
v
er
is
n
ee
d
ed
.
Ass
e
m
b
li
n
g
i5
o
r
i7
m
ac
h
i
n
es
m
a
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
lo
w
-
co
s
t
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
i
n
ter
n
et
-
o
f
f
l
in
e
s
er
v
er
s
.
I
f
elec
tr
ical
p
o
w
er
an
d
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
ar
e
li
m
ited
,
th
e
n
t
h
e
r
u
r
al
u
s
ag
e
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
Of
f
lin
e
I
n
ter
n
et
w
o
u
ld
b
e:
-
I
n
teg
r
ate
i
n
to
th
e
co
m
p
u
ter
la
b
at
s
ch
o
o
l.
-
E
ac
h
class
p
ar
ticip
ate
s
in
t
h
e
l
ab
class
f
o
r
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
ti
m
e.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
i
f
o
n
e
lab
s
es
s
io
n
ab
o
u
t
2
h
o
u
r
s
,
in
o
n
e
d
a
y
,
t
h
er
e
w
ill b
e
t
w
o
(
2
)
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
cla
s
s
s
h
i
f
ts
.
-
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
s
y
s
te
m
lo
ad
,
t
w
o
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
m
a
y
s
h
ar
e
o
n
e
g
ad
g
et.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
a
s
in
g
le
lab
cla
s
s
,
th
er
e
w
il
l
b
e
ar
o
u
n
d
2
0
g
ad
g
ets
w
it
h
4
0
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
-
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
co
n
te
n
t
f
o
r
ea
ch
class
/le
v
el
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t.
A
ll
co
n
te
n
t
i
n
a
s
c
h
o
o
l
m
a
y
n
o
t
f
it
in
to
a
s
in
g
le
Mic
r
o
SD.
I
f
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
f
it
in
to
a
s
i
n
g
le
Mic
r
o
SD,
o
n
e
m
a
y
s
p
lit
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
c
o
n
ten
t
f
o
r
ea
c
h
lev
el
in
to
s
ep
ar
ate
Mic
r
o
SDs
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tl
y
,
a
p
r
im
ar
y
s
ch
o
o
l
m
a
y
r
eq
u
ir
e
ar
o
u
n
d
s
i
x
(
6
)
s
ets
o
f
Mic
r
o
SD.
A
j
u
n
io
r
h
ig
h
s
c
h
o
o
l r
eq
u
ir
es t
h
r
ee
(
3
)
s
ets o
f
Mic
r
o
SD.
I
t
w
o
u
ld
o
f
in
ter
est
to
p
u
r
s
u
e
in
-
d
ep
th
r
esear
c
h
w
o
r
k
in
(
1
)
th
e
co
n
ten
t
f
o
r
o
n
li
n
e
s
t
u
d
y
,
(
3
)
co
u
r
s
es
t
h
at
m
a
y
p
r
o
v
id
e
o
n
lin
e
en
r
ic
h
m
en
t
m
a
ter
ials
to
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
a
n
d
(
3
)
th
e
o
n
lin
e
a
s
s
i
s
ted
teac
h
i
n
g
tech
n
i
q
u
es.
7.
SUM
M
ARY
AND
CO
NCL
USI
O
N
T
h
e
m
ai
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
er
is
in
t
h
e
b
en
c
h
m
ar
k
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
lo
w
-
co
s
t
in
ter
n
et
-
o
f
f
li
n
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
r
u
r
al
an
d
v
illa
g
e
s
c
h
o
o
ls
.
T
h
e
R
asb
er
r
y
P
i3
s
er
v
er
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
ab
le
to
s
er
v
e
ab
o
u
t
2
0
clie
n
ts
an
d
ab
le
to
r
u
n
f
o
r
6
+
h
o
u
r
s
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
a
lo
w
-
co
s
t
co
n
s
u
m
er
g
r
ad
e
p
o
w
er
b
an
k
.
T
h
e
in
ter
n
et
-
o
f
f
li
n
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
o
f
f
li
n
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
,
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
s
ca
r
cit
y
i
n
r
u
r
al
an
d
v
illa
g
e
ar
ea
s
d
u
e
to
lack
o
f
I
n
ter
n
et
ac
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
o
n
lin
e
co
n
te
n
t
co
p
ies
to
a
lo
ca
l
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i3
Ser
v
er
,
an
d
,
th
u
s
,
m
a
y
b
e
o
f
f
l
in
e
v
ie
w
ed
b
y
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
s
.
Fo
r
lar
g
e
ca
p
ac
ity
,
o
n
e
m
a
y
u
s
e
an
i5
o
r
i7
P
C
to
k
ee
p
th
e
p
r
ice
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
atio
lo
w
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
e
s
o
p
en
s
o
u
r
ce
,
an
d
d
etailed
h
o
w
-
to
p
o
s
ted
o
n
th
e
O
n
n
o
C
e
n
ter
'
s
w
eb
an
d
w
i
k
i.
I
t
is
in
ter
esti
n
g
to
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
li
m
it
s
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
v
ir
tu
al
m
ac
h
in
e
s
.
T
h
e
v
ir
tu
al
m
ac
h
i
n
e
w
i
th
a
d
ir
ec
t
b
r
id
g
in
g
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
h
as h
i
g
h
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
m
u
ch
le
s
s
f
ail
tr
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
.
A
l
s
o
,
m
a
n
y
co
r
e
v
ir
t
u
al
m
ac
h
in
e
s
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
h
ig
h
er
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
es
u
lts
.
W
eb
s
er
v
ic
es,
s
u
ch
as
K
i
w
i
x
,
is
li
m
ited
b
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
p
o
w
er
.
T
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
tl
y
li
m
it
s
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
tr
an
s
f
er
f
iles
f
o
r
clien
t
s
.
Fo
r
m
as
s
i
v
e
s
tr
ea
m
i
n
g
an
d
f
ile
s
h
ar
i
n
g
ac
ti
v
ities
,
i
t
w
o
u
ld
b
e
ad
v
is
ab
le
to
b
in
d
i
n
g
s
ev
er
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
h
y
s
ical
in
ter
f
ac
es i
n
t
h
e
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
ti
m
e
-
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
a
n
d
ch
alle
n
g
in
g
w
o
r
k
is
in
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
th
e
teac
h
in
g
m
ater
ial
s
to
b
e
co
p
ied
to
th
e
i
n
ter
n
e
t
-
o
f
f
lin
e
s
er
v
er
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
s
id
e,
o
n
e
will
f
ac
e
th
e
li
m
itatio
n
o
f
Mic
r
o
SD
s
to
r
ag
e
s
ize.
I
t
th
u
s
li
m
it
s
th
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
a
n
d
m
et
h
o
d
s
in
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ater
ial
to
th
e
s
t
u
d
en
ts
.
W
it
h
m
in
i
m
al
s
p
ac
e
in
t
h
e
Mic
r
o
SD,
o
n
e
n
ee
d
s
to
f
o
cu
s
o
n
w
h
at
m
ater
ial
n
e
ed
s
to
b
e
co
p
ied
to
Mic
r
o
SD
s
o
th
at
it
i
s
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
f
o
r
teac
h
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
i
g
n
if
ica
n
t
ad
v
a
n
ta
g
es
o
f
i
n
ter
n
e
t
-
o
f
f
lin
e
S
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
ls
is
th
at
teac
h
er
s
n
o
lo
n
g
er
h
a
v
e
to
w
o
r
r
y
ab
o
u
t
p
o
r
n
o
g
r
ap
h
ic,
i
n
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
co
n
ten
t,
c
y
b
er
b
u
ll
y
,
s
p
a
m
,
h
o
ax
,
a
n
d
m
u
ch
u
n
p
r
o
d
u
cti
v
e
co
n
te
n
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et.
T
h
u
s
,
t
h
e
teac
h
er
s
m
a
y
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
teac
h
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
ate
r
ials
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
s
till
i
n
th
e
ea
r
l
y
s
ta
g
e.
I
t
h
o
p
es
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
p
r
ac
tical
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
r
u
r
al/v
i
llag
e
ar
ea
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
w
o
r
k
,
esp
ec
iall
y
i
n
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
co
n
te
n
t in
s
y
n
c
w
i
th
t
h
e
teac
h
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
,
is
n
ee
d
ed
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
P
u
rb
o
O
.
W.
,
“
Na
rro
w
in
g
th
e
d
ig
it
a
l
d
iv
id
e
,”
Dig
it
a
l
In
d
o
n
e
sia
:
C
o
n
n
e
c
ti
v
it
y
a
n
d
Div
e
rg
e
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
75
-
92
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
]
M
a
lan
d
ri
n
o
F
.
,
Ch
ias
se
rin
i
C
.
F
.
,
Kirk
p
a
tri
c
k
S
.
,
“
Un
d
e
rsta
n
d
in
g
th
e
p
re
se
n
t
a
n
d
f
u
tu
re
o
f
c
e
ll
u
lar n
e
tw
o
rk
s th
ro
u
g
h
c
ro
w
d
so
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“
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a
su
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e
b
Qu
a
li
t
y
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f
Ex
p
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in
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ll
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lar
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tw
o
rk
s
,”
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ter
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18
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rb
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O
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,
“
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lu
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l/
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lag
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ls
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4
th
Fre
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&
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a
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2
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[6
]
A
n
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t
a
l.
,
“
T
h
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n
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a
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,
”
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h
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1
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9
6
.
[7
]
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ll
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im
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n
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“
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sm
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sq
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1
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2
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h
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Dig
it
a
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p
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.
[1
3
]
P
e
rry
A
.
,
“
G
lo
b
a
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Ed
u
c
a
ti
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n
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lo
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a
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h
a
ll
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s:
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n
sin
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f
o
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Ne
w
Am
e
rica
n
Un
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e
rsit
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a
in
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Gr
a
in
,
v
o
l.
29
,
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o
.
4
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
4
]
O
y
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lu
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e
A
.
A.
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“
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tren
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in
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tern
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te
tec
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ra
ry
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l.
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,
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o
.
10
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p
p
.
15
-
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
5
]
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sm
a
n
L
.
,
“
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p
a
ti
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n
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e
a
s
a
V
irt
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e
:
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d
d
re
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e
rsiste
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ICT
-
in
-
Ed
u
c
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ti
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n
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a
ll
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m
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ll
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v
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Co
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tri
e
s
,
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S
u
p
p
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In
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o
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a
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n
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m
a
ll
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tries
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io
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s
,
p
p
.
1
6
9
-
1
9
3
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
6
]
M
a
ro
n
D
.
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isse
n
C
.
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T
a
y
a
g
E
.
,
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c
Ne
irn
e
y
K.
,
“
Lo
-
F
i
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o
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-
F
i"
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w
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talo
g
u
in
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:
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n
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re
a
sin
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Re
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s
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g
M
e
tad
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ta L
it
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ra
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y
w
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in
W
id
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rNe
t
,”
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e
n
c
e
2
0
1
5
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
7
]
G
a
f
in
o
w
it
z
N
.
C.
,
“
Dig
it
a
l
L
ib
ra
ry
A
p
p
ro
p
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i
n
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h
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Co
n
tex
t
o
f
S
u
b
S
a
h
a
ra
n
Co
u
n
tr
ies
:
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h
e
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se
o
f
e
G
ra
n
a
r
y
Dig
it
a
l
L
ib
ra
r
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I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
7
th
A
n
n
u
a
l
S
y
mp
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n
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ti
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g
fo
r De
v
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p
me
n
t
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
8
]
Re
e
d
P
.
J
.
,
Ka
n
y
a
R
.
A.
,
“
ICT
,
A
s
p
iratio
n
s,
a
n
d
Ca
re
e
r
De
c
isio
n
s:
D
o
e
s
A
c
c
e
ss
to
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
Ch
a
n
g
e
Ho
w
Nig
e
rian
S
tu
d
e
n
ts M
a
k
e
Ca
re
e
r
De
c
isio
n
s?
,”
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n
fer
e
n
c
e
2
0
1
8
Pr
o
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
9
]
In
e
f
u
k
u
H
.
W.
,
“
G
lo
b
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
,
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
,
a
n
d
th
e
d
e
m
o
c
ra
ti
z
a
ti
o
n
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
,”
Ed
u
c
a
u
se
Rev
iew
,
v
o
l.
52
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
62
-
6
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
0
]
L
in
J.
,
“
T
h
e
su
m
o
f
a
ll
h
u
m
a
n
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
in
y
o
u
r
p
o
c
k
e
t:
F
u
ll
-
tex
t
se
a
rc
h
a
b
le
W
ik
ip
e
d
ia
o
n
a
Ra
sp
b
e
rry
P
i
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
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h
e
1
5
t
h
ACM
/IE
EE
-
CS
J
o
i
n
t
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Di
g
it
a
l
L
i
b
ra
rie
s
,
p
p
.
8
5
-
86
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
1
]
G
a
g
n
e
u
x
E
.
,
Bo
w
e
r
s
B
.
,
Ga
rc
ia
N
.
,
Ha
rk
a
t
C
.
,
Dio
u
f
M
.
,
En
g
o
m
e
V
.
P.
,
“
Af
rip
é
d
ia:
re
b
a
lan
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in
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a
c
c
e
s
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a
n
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v
isib
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it
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n
W
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ip
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d
ia
,”
2
4
t
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BOBCA
T
S
S
S
Co
n
fer
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e
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
&
Ab
stra
c
ts
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
2
]
L
u
c
k
ie
M
.
,
“
S
c
a
m
p
e
r:
a
sc
a
lab
le
a
n
d
e
x
ten
sib
le
p
a
c
k
e
t
p
ro
b
e
r
f
o
r
a
c
ti
v
e
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
in
tern
e
t
,”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
1
0
th
ACM
S
IGCO
M
M
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
In
ter
n
e
t
me
a
s
u
re
me
n
t
,
p
p
.
2
3
9
-
245
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
3
]
Ch
e
n
B
.
,
P
a
tt
a
n
a
ik
N
.
,
G
o
u
lart
A
.
,
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tl
e
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-
P
u
rry
K
.
L
.
,
Ku
n
d
u
r
D.
,
“
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
a
tt
a
c
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s
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in
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re
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m
e
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p
h
y
sic
a
l
sy
ste
m
tes
t
b
e
d
,”
2
0
1
5
I
EE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
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l
W
o
rk
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o
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T
e
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n
ic
a
l
Co
mm
it
tee
o
n
Co
mm
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n
ica
ti
o
n
s Qu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
Reli
a
b
il
i
ty (
CQR)
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
4
]
Bu
c
h
a
n
a
n
B
.
,
F
la
n
d
ri
n
F
.
,
M
a
c
f
a
rlan
e
R
.
,
G
ra
v
e
s
J.
,
“
A
m
e
th
o
d
o
l
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g
y
to
e
v
a
lu
a
te
ra
te
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b
a
se
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i
n
tru
s
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p
re
v
e
n
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
a
g
a
in
st d
istri
b
u
ted
d
e
n
ial
-
of
-
se
rv
i
c
e
(DD
o
S
)
,”
Cy
b
e
rfo
re
n
sic
s
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
5
]
S
m
it
h
B
.
,
G
re
h
a
n
R
.
,
Ya
g
e
r
T
.
,
Nie
m
i
D
.
C.
,
“
B
y
te
-
u
n
ix
b
e
n
c
h
:
A
Un
ix
b
e
n
c
h
m
a
rk
su
it
e
,”
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
re
p
o
rt
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
6
]
Ba
b
u
A
.
,
Ha
re
e
sh
M
.
J
.
,
M
a
rti
n
J
.
P
.
,
C
h
e
rian
S
.
,
S
a
stri
Y.
,
“
S
y
ste
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
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f
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a
r
a
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irt
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a
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z
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ti
o
n
,
c
o
n
tain
e
r
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irt
u
a
li
z
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ti
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n
,
a
n
d
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ll
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irt
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a
li
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