T
E
L
K
O
M
N
I
K
A
T
elec
o
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n,
Co
m
pu
t
ing
,
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Co
ntr
o
l
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
er
2
0
2
0
,
p
p
.
2
2
7
6
~
2
2
8
3
I
SS
N:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
,
ac
cr
ed
ited
First
Gr
ad
e
b
y
Kem
en
r
is
tek
d
i
k
ti,
Dec
r
ee
No
: 2
1
/E/KPT
/2
0
1
8
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
2
9
2
8
/TE
L
KOM
NI
K
A.
v
1
8
i5
.
1
3
84
0
2276
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//jo
u
r
n
a
l.u
a
d
.
a
c.
id
/in
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/TELK
OM
N
I
K
A
P
ul
s
e
s
ha
pi
n
g
m
eth
o
ds
f
o
r
i
nter c
a
rr
i
er
interf
e
rence
r
educt
i
o
n in
OF
D
M
syst
em
N.
M
.
A.
E
.
D.
Wira
s
t
uti
1
,
Ni
P
utu
L
inta
ng
Ang
g
it
ia
dewi
2
,
Ny
o
ma
n P
ra
m
a
it
a
3
1,
3
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
U
d
a
y
a
n
a
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
2
Ba
li
To
we
rin
d
o
S
e
n
tra P
lc.
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Au
g
8
,
2
0
1
9
R
ev
is
ed
Ap
r
1
7
,
2
0
2
0
Acc
ep
ted
Ma
y
1
1
,
2
0
2
0
Th
e
we
a
k
n
e
ss
o
f
t
h
e
o
rt
h
o
g
o
n
a
l
fre
u
e
n
c
y
d
iv
isi
o
n
m
u
lt
i
p
lex
i
n
g
(OFDM
)
sy
ste
m
is su
sc
e
p
ti
b
le t
o
t
h
e
e
x
iste
n
c
e
o
f
c
a
rrier fr
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
ffse
t
(C
F
O) wh
ich
c
a
u
se
s
th
e
e
m
e
rg
e
n
c
e
o
f
i
n
ter
c
a
rrier
in
terfe
re
n
c
e
(ICI)
wh
i
c
h
c
a
u
se
s
a
d
e
g
ra
d
a
ti
o
n
o
f
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
OFDM
sy
s
tem
s.
Th
is
st
u
d
y
a
i
m
s
to
a
p
p
l
y
th
e
su
g
g
e
ste
d
re
c
tan
g
u
lar
(REC)
p
u
lse
a
n
d
im
p
ro
v
e
d
sin
c
-
p
o
we
r
(
IS
P
)
p
u
lse
sh
a
p
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
s
o
n
O
F
DM
s
y
ste
m
a
n
d
d
e
term
in
e
s
ICI
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
wit
h
th
e
e
ffe
c
ts
o
f
CF
O
o
v
e
r
flat
fa
d
i
n
g
Ra
y
lei
g
h
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls.
T
h
e
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
e
a
c
h
p
u
lse
sh
a
p
i
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
is
e
v
a
l
u
a
ted
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
p
a
ra
m
e
ter
ICI
p
o
we
r
v
s.
n
o
rm
a
li
z
e
d
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
ffse
t,
sig
n
a
l
t
o
i
n
terfe
re
n
c
e
ra
ti
o
(S
IR)
v
s.
n
o
rm
a
li
z
e
d
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
ffse
t
a
n
d
b
it
e
rro
r
ra
te
(BER)
v
s.
e
n
e
r
g
y
b
i
t
p
e
r
n
o
ise
(Eb
/No
).
T
h
e
sim
u
latio
n
re
su
l
t
in
t
e
rm
s o
f
BER
v
s.
Eb
/N
o
i
n
d
ica
ted
th
a
t
REC
a
n
d
IS
P
p
u
lse
sh
a
p
in
g
h
a
s
b
e
tt
e
r
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
d
e
a
li
n
g
wi
th
ICI
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
t
o
OFDM
sy
ste
m
n
o
a
p
p
li
e
d
p
u
lse
s
h
a
p
in
g
.
In
a
d
d
it
i
o
n
,
th
e
I
S
P
is
a
b
le t
o
m
it
i
g
a
te ICI
b
e
tt
e
r
th
a
n
R
EC.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
I
C
I
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
OFDM
Pu
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
R
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
u
ls
e
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
N.
M.
A.
E
.
D.
W
ir
astu
ti,
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
Facu
lty
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Ud
ay
an
a
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
Kam
p
u
s
UNUD
R
o
ad
,
B
u
k
it Ji
m
b
ar
an
,
Ku
ta
Selatan
,
B
ad
u
n
g
-
B
ali
-
8
0
3
6
1
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
.
E
m
ail:
d
ewi.
wir
astu
ti@
u
n
u
d
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
OFDM
i
s
a
m
u
lticar
r
ier
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
wh
ich
b
etwe
en
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ar
e
ar
r
an
g
ed
to
b
e
m
u
tu
ally
o
v
er
lap
p
i
n
g
an
d
ar
r
a
n
g
ed
in
s
u
ch
a
way
s
o
th
at
b
etwe
en
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
will
h
a
v
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
a
l
p
r
o
p
er
ties
[
1
,
2
]
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
th
is
o
v
er
lap
p
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e,
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
f
e
r
h
i
g
h
b
a
n
d
wid
th
ef
f
icien
c
y
th
at
s
av
e
u
p
to
5
0
% [
3
]
.
I
t
also
h
as
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ate
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
an
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
to
m
u
ltip
ath
f
ad
in
g
an
d
d
ela
y
.
I
t
ab
le
to
co
n
v
er
t
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
s
elec
tiv
e
f
a
d
in
g
c
h
an
n
el
in
to
s
ev
er
al
n
ea
r
ly
f
lat
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
els
as
th
e
e
n
tire
a
v
ailab
le
s
p
ec
t
r
u
m
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
a
r
r
o
w
-
b
an
d
s
u
b
ch
a
n
n
els.
Du
e
to
its
ad
v
an
tag
es,
OFDM
h
as
b
e
en
id
en
tifie
d
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
im
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies f
o
r
u
s
e
in
th
e
n
ex
t
g
en
er
atio
n
o
f
h
eter
o
g
en
eo
u
s
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
d
is
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
OFDM
is
its
s
u
s
c
ep
tib
le
to
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et
(
C
F
O)
wh
ich
ca
n
ar
is
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
Do
p
p
ler
ef
f
ec
t
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
m
is
m
atch
es
o
f
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
o
s
cillato
r
s
.
T
h
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et
will
ca
u
s
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
ality
lo
s
s
es
b
etwe
en
OFDM
s
ch
em
e’
s
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
an
d
r
esu
lts
in
th
e
em
er
g
en
ce
o
f
in
ter
ca
r
r
ier
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
(
I
C
I
)
wh
ich
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
[
4
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
a
n
ac
tio
n
is
n
ee
d
e
d
to
m
itig
ate
I
C
I
in
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Sev
er
al
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
t
r
o
d
u
ce
d
to
m
itig
ate
I
C
I
s
u
ch
as
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
[
5
-
10
]
,
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
d
o
m
ain
eq
u
aliza
tio
n
[
1
1
]
,
I
C
I
s
elf
-
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
s
ch
em
es
[
1
2
]
,
win
d
o
win
g
[
1
3
]
at
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
a
n
d
Ma
x
im
u
m
lik
elih
o
o
d
esti
m
atio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
(
ML
E
)
[
1
4
]
.
I
n
th
is
p
a
p
er
,
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
s
id
er
ed
d
u
e
t
o
its
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
u
ls
e
s
h
a
p
in
g
meth
o
d
s
fo
r
in
t
er c
a
r
r
ier in
te
r
feren
ce
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
in
OF
DM syst
em
(
N
.
M.
A
.
E
.
D.
Wir
a
s
tu
ti
)
2277
s
im
p
licity
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
m
eth
o
d
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
eth
o
d
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
m
ai
n
ca
u
s
es
o
f
I
C
I
in
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ec
au
s
e
with
th
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
,
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
will
b
e
f
ilter
ed
wh
en
it
is
s
till
m
u
tu
ally
o
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
al
s
o
th
at
wh
e
n
it
a
r
r
iv
es
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t o
f
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
f
r
o
m
an
o
th
er
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
will b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
Ny
q
u
is
t
-
I
p
u
ls
es
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
I
C
I
p
o
wer
in
OFDM
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
s
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
[
6
,
7,
1
6
,
1
7
]
s
u
ch
a
s
th
e
r
aised
co
s
in
e
(
R
C
)
p
u
ls
e,
“b
etter
th
an
”
r
aised
co
s
in
e
(
B
T
R
C
)
p
u
ls
e,
s
in
c
p
o
wer
(
SP
)
p
u
ls
e,
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
in
c
p
o
wer
(
I
SP
)
p
u
ls
e
an
d
r
ec
ta
n
g
u
lar
(
R
E
C
)
p
u
ls
e.
C
u
r
r
en
tl
y
,
th
e
I
SP
is
p
r
o
b
ab
ly
th
at
h
as
th
e
b
est
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
d
ea
lin
g
with
I
C
I
d
u
e
to
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et
in
OFDM
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
R
E
C
an
d
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
wa
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
with
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
f
s
et.
A
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
R
E
C
an
d
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
was
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
u
s
in
g
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
in
a
f
lat
f
ad
in
g
R
ay
leig
h
ch
an
n
el.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
A
s
im
u
latio
n
m
eth
o
d
was
u
s
e
d
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
an
d
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
i
n
r
ed
u
cin
g
I
C
I
d
u
e
to
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et
ef
f
ec
ts
o
n
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
o
v
er
f
la
t
f
ad
in
g
R
ay
leig
h
ch
a
n
n
el.
Si
m
u
latio
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
co
m
p
a
r
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
,
w
ith
an
d
with
o
u
t
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
an
d
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
wer
e
also
o
b
s
er
v
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
ets.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
etes
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
in
clu
d
i
n
g
I
C
I
p
o
wer
v
s
.
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et,
s
ig
n
al
to
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
r
atio
(
SIR)
v
s
.
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et
a
n
d
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
(
B
E
R
)
v
s
.
en
er
g
y
b
it
p
er
n
o
is
e
(
E
b
/No
)
.
2
.
1
.
M
o
dellin
g
I
CI
Fo
r
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
elin
g
t
h
at
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
I
C
I
ef
f
ec
t,
it is
s
tated
in
(
1
)
as f
o
llo
ws [
3
]
.
′
=
(
(
−
∆
)
+
∑
−
1
=
0
≠
(
−
−
∆
)
)
+
(
1
)
T
h
e
I
C
I
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
y
m
b
o
l
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
Δ
f
v
ar
i
ab
le
ca
lled
C
FO.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
C
FO
will
b
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
to
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
p
ac
in
g
(
∆
)
wh
ich
is
ca
lled
th
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
f
s
et
(
Δ
f
T
)
.
T
h
at
Δ
f
T
o
r
ε
s
h
o
ws
h
o
w
m
u
ch
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
h
if
ted
is
d
etec
ted
b
y
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
o
s
cillato
r
wh
er
e
|
Δ
f
T
|
≤
1
.
I
n
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el,
th
e
f
o
r
m
u
la
is
ex
cu
ted
af
te
r
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
p
ar
allel
to
s
er
ial.
T
h
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et
u
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
e
r
was c
alcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
2
)
as f
o
llo
ws [
1
8
]
:
=
∆
(
2
)
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
to
d
eter
m
in
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et
v
ar
i
atio
n
s
,
we
u
s
e
a
s
et
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
f
s
et
in
clu
d
in
g
2
k
Hz,
4
k
Hz
a
n
d
5
k
Hz
t
h
at
r
ep
r
esen
t
f
o
r
lar
g
e
an
d
s
m
all
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
h
if
ted
.
I
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
th
e
f
ix
ed
W
iMAX
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
t
h
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
p
ac
in
g
(
∆
)
u
s
ed
was
9
7
6
5
Hz
a
n
d
u
s
in
g
(
2
)
,
th
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
f
s
et
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
as f
o
llo
ws
;
Fre
q
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et
=
2
k
Hz
=
2
0
0
0
Hz
=
∆
∆
=
2000
97
6
5
=
0
,
2
.
Fre
q
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et
=
4
k
Hz,
=
0
.
4
.
Fre
q
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et
=
5
k
Hz,
=
0
.
5
.
I
C
I
p
o
wer
s
tates
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
p
o
wer
o
f
I
C
I
th
at
g
e
n
er
ated
f
r
o
m
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
af
ter
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
to
r
e
d
u
ce
I
C
I
i
n
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
wh
er
e
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
I
C
I
p
o
wer
g
en
e
r
at
ed
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
3
)
as f
o
llo
ws [
1
8
]
.
2
=
∑
∑
∗
−
1
=
0
≠
0
(
−
−
∆
)
(
−
−
∆
)
−
1
=
0
≠
0
(
3
)
Sig
n
al
to
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
r
atio
(
SIR)
s
tates
th
e
r
atio
o
f
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
ig
n
al
s
tr
en
g
th
to
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
s
u
b
ca
r
r
i
er
s
.
T
h
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
SIR is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
u
s
in
g
(
4
)
as f
o
llo
ws [
1
9
]
;
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
2
7
6
-
2283
2278
SIR
=
|
(
∆
)
|
2
∑
|
(
−
0
+
∆
)
|
2
−
1
=
0
≠
0
(
4
)
2
.
2
.
P
uls
e
s
ha
p
ing
f
un
ct
io
n
T
h
is
f
u
n
ctio
n
ac
ts
to
f
o
r
m
a
p
u
ls
e
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
s
y
m
b
o
ls
.
E
ac
h
s
y
m
b
o
l
th
at
is
tr
an
s
m
it
ted
will
b
e
m
u
ltip
lied
b
y
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
m
eth
o
d
is
to
elim
i
n
ate
th
e
s
id
e
lo
b
e
p
o
we
r
wh
ich
ca
n
p
o
ten
tially
g
en
e
r
at
e
I
C
I
p
o
wer
.
So
t
h
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
ca
n
r
ed
u
c
e
I
C
I
p
o
wer
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et
[
20
].
T
h
e
p
u
ls
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
was u
s
ed
in
th
is
p
ap
er
as f
o
llo
ws [
3
]
.
−
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
(
)
=
(
)
,
(
5
)
th
en
th
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
cy
o
f
f
s
et
is
s
u
b
s
titu
ted
to
(
5)
(
∆
)
=
(
∆
)
(
6
)
−
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
(
)
=
−
(
)
2
(
)
(
7
)
th
en
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
f
s
et
is
s
u
b
s
titu
ted
to
(
7
)
(
∆
)
=
−
(
∆
)
2
(
∆
)
(
8
)
Fo
r
I
SP
p
u
ls
e,
th
er
e
ar
e
v
ar
iab
les,
a
an
d
n
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
OFD
M
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
s
u
r
v
iv
e
if
th
e
p
a
r
am
eter
a
=
1
an
d
n
=
2
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
I
SP
an
d
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
[
2
2
].
Fig
u
r
e
1
illu
s
tr
ates
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
(
in
b
r
o
wn
lin
e
)
h
as
th
e
s
am
e
s
id
e
lo
b
e
p
o
we
r
as
ze
r
o
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
s
id
e
lo
b
e
o
f
th
e
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
(
in
b
lu
e
lin
e)
.
Du
e
to
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
s
id
e
lo
b
e
is
ze
r
o
,
th
en
wh
en
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
h
if
ted
to
t
h
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
s
id
e
lo
b
e,
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
will
n
o
t
a
f
f
ec
t
th
e
o
th
er
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ie
r
s
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
,
f
o
r
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e,
th
e
p
o
wer
o
f
t
h
e
s
id
e
lo
b
e
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
m
ax
im
ally
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
h
if
ted
th
at
will
ca
u
s
es
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
o
f
o
th
er
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
u
s
in
g
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
m
eth
o
d
is
to
elim
in
ate
s
id
e
lo
b
es
th
at
ca
n
p
o
t
en
tially
g
e
n
er
ate
I
C
I
p
o
wer
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
ca
n
r
ed
u
ce
I
C
I
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
id
e
lo
b
e
b
etter
th
an
t
h
e
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
[
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sp
ec
tr
u
m
o
f
I
SP
an
d
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
2
.
3
.
Sim
ula
t
io
n
m
o
del
W
e
co
n
s
id
er
I
SP
d
an
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
OFDM
s
y
s
t
em
in
a
f
lat
f
ad
in
g
R
ay
leig
h
ch
an
n
el
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
[
20
,
2
3
,
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
w
as
ap
p
lied
at
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
.
F
lat
f
ad
in
g
R
ay
leig
h
ch
an
n
el
was
u
s
ed
wh
e
r
e
ea
ch
ch
an
n
el
r
esp
o
n
s
e
th
at
is
R
ay
leig
h
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
[
2
5
]
with
ad
d
in
g
ad
d
ictiv
e
wh
ite
Gau
s
s
ian
n
o
is
e
(
A
W
GN)
.
T
h
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
im
u
latio
n
wer
e
b
ased
o
n
f
ix
ed
wir
eless
wo
r
ld
wid
e
in
ter
o
p
er
a
b
ilit
y
f
o
r
m
icr
o
wav
e
ac
ce
s
s
(
W
iMA
X)
s
tan
d
ar
d
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
u
ls
e
s
h
a
p
in
g
meth
o
d
s
fo
r
in
t
er c
a
r
r
ier in
te
r
feren
ce
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
in
OF
DM syst
em
(
N
.
M.
A
.
E
.
D.
Wir
a
s
tu
ti
)
2279
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
SP
d
a
n
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
o
v
er
f
lat
f
ad
i
n
g
R
ay
leig
h
c
h
an
n
els
T
ab
le
1
.
Par
am
eter
s
im
u
latio
n
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
s
I
n
p
u
t
B
i
t
R
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0
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b
i
t
s
Ty
p
e
o
f
m
o
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l
a
t
i
o
n
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S
K
F
F
T
si
z
e
64
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
su
b
c
a
r
r
i
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r
s
64
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r
o
f
d
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b
c
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r
i
e
r
s
52
C
y
c
l
i
c
p
r
e
f
i
x
Le
n
g
t
h
s
16
Ty
p
e
o
f
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
A
W
G
N
+
f
l
a
t
f
a
d
i
n
g
R
a
y
l
e
i
g
h
N
o
r
mal
i
z
e
d
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
f
se
t
(
ε
)
0
.
2
,
0
.
4
a
n
d
0
.
5
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
f
set
2
k
H
z
,
4
k
H
z
,
5
k
H
z
S
u
b
c
a
r
r
i
e
r
sp
a
c
i
n
g
9
.
7
6
5
k
H
z
Eb
/
N
o
0
:
2
:
2
0
P
u
l
s
e
s
h
a
p
i
n
g
I
S
P
& R
EC
p
u
l
se
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
Simu
latio
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
ev
al
u
ate
an
d
co
m
p
a
r
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
,
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
,
in
r
ed
u
cin
g
I
C
I
with
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
C
FO.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
u
s
es
th
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
3
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
m
o
d
el
is
p
r
e
s
en
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
W
e
al
s
o
p
r
esen
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
R
E
C
an
d
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
u
s
in
g
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
ass
ess
th
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et
o
n
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
ea
c
h
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
is
ev
al
u
ated
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
b
ased
o
n
p
ar
am
e
ter
I
C
I
p
o
wer
v
s
.
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et
an
d
s
ig
n
al
to
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
r
atio
(
SI
R
)
v
s
.
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et.
T
h
e
B
E
R
v
s
.
E
b
/No
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
,
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
,
is
ex
am
in
e
d
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
in
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
an
AW
GN
an
d
f
lat
R
ay
leig
h
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
el.
3
.
1
.
B
E
R
perf
o
rm
a
nce
wit
h
a
no
rm
a
lized
f
re
qu
ency
o
f
f
s
et
Fig
u
r
e
3
p
r
esen
ts
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
,
wit
h
an
d
with
o
u
t
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
,
in
ca
s
e
o
f
f
ad
in
g
ch
a
n
n
el.
B
o
th
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
,
R
E
C
an
d
I
SP
p
u
ls
e,
ev
alu
ated
an
d
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
,
in
o
r
d
er
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
C
FO.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
a
lized
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et
u
s
ed
w
as
ab
o
u
t
0
.
2.
At
an
E
b
/No
o
f
1
0
d
B
,
th
e
B
E
R
f
o
r
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
w
ith
o
u
t
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
is
ab
o
u
t
0
.
0
1
8
0
wh
ile
B
E
R
f
o
r
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
with
R
E
C
an
d
I
SP
wer
e
0
.
0
0
9
0
an
d
0
.
0
0
5
6
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ly
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
h
as
g
iv
en
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
an
OFDM
with
n
o
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
.
Fu
th
er
m
o
r
e,
O
FDM
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
ap
p
lied
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
h
as sh
o
wn
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
an
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e.
T
h
is
was
in
d
ic
ated
b
y
th
e
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
lo
wer
t
h
an
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e.
I
t
h
as
h
ap
p
en
e
d
d
u
e
t
o
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
af
f
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
s
id
e
lo
b
e
o
f
ea
c
h
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
to
b
e
ze
r
o
p
o
wer
(
f
la
t)
.
W
h
en
I
C
I
ar
is
es,
th
er
e
will
b
e
n
o
s
h
if
ted
in
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
s
id
e
lo
b
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
d
o
n
o
t
lo
s
e
its
o
r
t
h
o
g
o
n
ality
an
d
will
n
o
t
ca
u
s
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
b
etwe
en
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
[
2
6,
2
7
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
c
an
b
e
c
o
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ca
n
b
e
m
in
im
ized
u
s
in
g
r
ed
u
cin
g
I
C
I
p
o
wer
in
s
id
e
lo
b
e.
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
was a
b
le
to
r
ed
u
ce
I
C
I
b
etter
t
h
an
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
2
7
6
-
2283
2280
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
E
R
v
s
.
E
b
/No
o
f
O
FDM
Sy
s
tem
,
with
o
u
t a
n
d
with
R
E
C
an
d
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
3
.
2
.
B
E
R
perf
o
rm
a
nce
wit
h
no
rm
a
lized
f
re
qu
ency
o
f
f
s
et
v
a
ria
t
io
ns
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
ep
icts
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
,
with
o
u
t
an
d
with
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
,
u
s
in
g
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et.
T
h
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et
was
r
ef
er
r
ed
t
o
(
2
)
.
S
o
,
th
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
f
s
et
(
)
u
s
ed
in
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
wer
e
0
.
2
,
0
.
4
an
d
0
.
5
.
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
R
E
C
an
d
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
ap
p
lied
to
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
,
with
=
0
.
5
,
was
g
iv
en
th
e
wo
r
s
t
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
No
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
f
s
et
is
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
a
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
h
if
ted
th
at
c
au
s
ed
b
y
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et.
So
t
h
at,
if
th
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
s
h
if
ted
o
r
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et
is
g
r
ea
ter
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
f
r
o
m
o
th
e
r
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
ly
will
b
e
g
r
e
ater
an
d
t
h
e
I
C
I
p
o
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
will
in
cr
ea
s
e.
T
h
u
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
ed
t
h
at
th
e
g
r
ea
ter
th
e
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et,
th
e
OFDM
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
will
b
e
wo
r
s
e.
I
t
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
ig
h
er
th
e
o
f
f
s
et
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
ef
f
ec
ted
to
th
e
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
o
t
h
at
th
e
I
C
I
p
o
wer
g
en
er
ated
will
also
b
e
g
r
ea
ter
.
Fro
m
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
,
it
c
an
also
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
with
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
was a
b
l
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
b
etter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
an
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
[
2
5
-
2
7
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
OF
DM
s
y
s
tem
with
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
f
s
et
v
ar
iatio
n
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
P
u
ls
e
s
h
a
p
in
g
meth
o
d
s
fo
r
in
t
er c
a
r
r
ier in
te
r
feren
ce
r
ed
u
cti
o
n
in
OF
DM syst
em
(
N
.
M.
A
.
E
.
D.
Wir
a
s
tu
ti
)
2281
3
.
3
.
I
CI
po
wer
a
nd
SI
R
a
na
ly
s
is
R
ef
er
ed
to
th
e
(
3
)
an
d
(
4
)
,
I
C
I
p
o
wer
an
d
s
ig
n
al
t
o
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
r
ati
o
(
SIR)
wer
e
g
en
e
r
ated
af
ter
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
I
SP
an
d
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
R
E
C
an
d
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
b
ased
o
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
I
C
I
p
o
wer
v
s
.
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
f
s
et
an
d
SIR
v
s
.
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
f
s
et,
ca
n
b
e
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
5
an
d
6
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
ws th
at
at
n
o
r
m
ali
ze
d
o
f
f
s
et
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
,
=
0
.
2
,
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
ap
p
lied
to
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
cr
ea
ted
I
C
I
p
o
wer
ab
o
u
t
-
1
0
.
9
7
2
3
d
B
,
w
h
ich
is
h
i
g
h
er
th
an
ap
p
lied
I
S
P
p
u
ls
e
to
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
,
ab
o
u
t
-
4
2
.
6
5
4
2
d
B
.
I
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
tr
en
d
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
is
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
th
at
in
h
i
g
h
est
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
f
s
et
r
esu
ltin
g
th
e
s
m
allest
I
C
I
p
o
wer
.
So
,
I
C
I
p
o
wer
i
n
v
er
s
ely
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
al
to
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
f
s
et.
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
6
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
SIR
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
ap
p
lied
to
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
was
s
m
aller
th
an
SIR
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
I
SP
p
u
ls
e.
At
=
0
.
2
,
SIR
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
ap
p
lied
to
OFD
M
s
y
s
tem
was
ab
o
u
t
1
3
.
0
0
4
5
d
B
wh
ile
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
ap
p
lied
to
OF
DM
s
y
s
tem
wa
s
ab
o
u
t
3
8
.
0
2
1
4
d
B
.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
tr
en
d
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
at
S
I
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
v
er
s
ely
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et
wh
er
e
th
e
h
ig
h
er
n
o
r
m
alize
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et
r
esu
ltin
g
l
o
wer
SIR p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
er
SIR
an
d
s
m
aller
I
C
I
p
o
wer
will
ca
u
s
e
th
e
b
et
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
etter
th
an
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
d
u
e
to
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
m
in
im
izin
g
I
C
I
p
o
wer
b
etter
th
a
n
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e.
B
y
m
in
im
izin
g
th
e
I
C
I
p
o
we
r
,
it
r
esu
lts
th
e
lo
wer
r
is
k
o
f
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
ality
lo
s
s
es
b
etwe
en
OFDM
s
ch
em
e’
s
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
T
h
is
ca
u
s
es
SIR
in
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
an
d
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ten
d
s
to
b
e
b
etter
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
I
C
I
p
o
wer
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
R
E
C
an
d
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
SIR p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
R
E
C
an
d
I
SP
p
u
l
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
18
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
2
0
2
0
:
2
2
7
6
-
2283
2282
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
t
h
e
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
o
f
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
R
E
C
an
d
I
SP
p
u
ls
e,
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
R
E
C
an
d
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
ap
p
lied
to
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
h
as
b
ee
n
ev
alu
ated
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
s
u
p
p
r
e
ss
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
I
C
I
with
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
C
FO
o
v
er
f
ad
in
g
ch
an
n
el.
T
h
e
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
b
etter
th
an
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e.
I
t
is
d
u
e
t
o
th
at
I
SP
p
u
ls
e
is
ab
le
to
m
in
im
ize
I
C
I
p
o
we
r
b
etter
t
h
an
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e.
I
t
also
was
ab
le
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
h
ig
h
er
SIR
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
R
E
C
p
u
ls
e
.
So
g
en
e
r
ally
,
b
y
u
s
in
g
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
,
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
ee
m
s
to
b
e
b
etter
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
s
id
e
lo
b
e
p
o
wer
o
f
a
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
wh
ich
p
o
ten
tially
ca
u
s
e
I
C
I
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
with
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
p
u
ls
e
s
h
ap
in
g
,
a
s
i
d
e
lo
b
e
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
will
n
o
t
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
to
o
th
er
s
u
b
ca
r
r
ier
s
.
T
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
wi
ll
d
eg
r
ad
e
th
at
ef
f
ec
ted
b
y
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
C
FO,
th
e
h
ig
h
er
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
f
s
et
wi
ll in
cr
ea
s
e
I
C
I
p
o
wer
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
G
.
Ko
n
g
a
ra
,
C.
He
,
L
.
Ya
n
g
,
J.
Arm
stro
n
g
,
“
A
C
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
CP
-
OFDM
,
P
CC
-
OFDM
a
n
d
UFM
C
fo
r
5
G
Up
li
n
k
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
”
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
7
,
p
p
.
1
5
7
5
7
4
-
94
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
]
T.
De
m
e
e
c
h
a
i,
T
.
G
.
Ch
a
n
g
,
S
.
S
i
wa
m
o
g
sa
th
a
m
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
a
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
-
Do
m
a
in
OFDM
-
Ti
m
i
n
g
Esti
m
a
to
r
,
”
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l
.
16
,
n
o
.
10
,
p
p
.
1
6
8
0
-
1
6
8
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
]
M
.
Al
-
G
h
a
ra
b
a
ll
y
,
A.
F
.
Alm
u
tai
ri,
“
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
-
d
o
m
a
in
su
b
c
a
rrier
d
iv
e
rsit
y
re
c
e
iv
e
r
fo
r
d
isc
re
te
Ha
rtl
e
y
tran
sfo
rm
OFDM
sy
ste
m
s
,
”
EURA
S
IP
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
n
W
ire
les
s C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
in
g
,
v
o
l
.
78
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
3
,
2
0
1
9
.
[4
]
H.
F
.
Arra
n
o
,
C.
A.
Az
u
r
d
ia,
“
A
Ne
w
F
a
m
il
y
o
f
N
y
q
u
ist
-
I
P
u
lse
s,”
IEE
E
L
a
ti
n
Ame
ric
a
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
13
,
n
o
.
11
,
p
p
.
3
5
5
6
-
61
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
Z.
Z
h
a
o
,
M
.
S
c
h
e
ll
m
a
n
n
,
X.
G
o
n
g
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
P
u
lse
s
h
a
p
i
n
g
d
e
sig
n
fo
r
OFDM
sy
ste
m
s”
,
EURA
S
I
P
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
n
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
Ne
two
rk
in
g
,
v
o
l.
74
,
p
p
.
1
-
2
5
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
J.
As
h
ish
,
P
.
H.
K.
P
ra
sa
d
,
“
A
S
tu
d
y
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
a
riso
n
o
f
P
u
lse
S
h
a
p
i
n
g
F
u
n
c
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
ICI
Re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
in
OFD
M
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
E
lec
tro
n
ics
,
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Aer
o
sp
a
c
e
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(ICE
CA)
,
2
0
1
7
.
[7
]
N.
A.
Ib
ra
h
im,
R.
Ng
a
h
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
ICI
Allev
iatio
n
i
n
OFD
M
S
y
ste
m
Util
izin
g
S
c
a
le
Alp
h
a
P
u
lse
S
h
a
p
in
g
,
”
Res
e
a
rc
h
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
10
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
45
-
48
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
T.
P
.
F
o
wd
u
r,
L.
D
o
o
r
g
a
n
a
h
,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
m
o
d
ifi
e
d
a
n
d
l
o
w
c
o
m
p
lex
it
y
p
u
lse
sh
a
p
i
n
g
fil
ters
f
o
r
IEE
E
8
0
2
.
1
1
OFDM
tran
sm
issio
n
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
6
1
-
3
8
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[9
]
D.
K.
S
h
a
rm
a
,
A.
M
ish
ra
,
R.
S
a
x
e
n
a
,
“
S
t
u
d
ies
o
n
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
P
u
lse
S
h
a
p
e
d
OFDM
sig
n
a
l
,
”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
t
in
g
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
6
1
0
-
6
1
7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[1
0
]
J.
Va
g
h
e
la,
O.
P
a
b
b
a
t
i,
D.
G
a
n
d
h
i,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
An
a
ly
sis o
f
OFD
M
S
y
ste
m
Us
in
g
I
S
P
P
u
lse
S
h
a
p
i
n
g
Tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
pp.
1
5
3
1
-
1
5
3
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
D.
Da
rse
n
a
,
G
.
G
e
ll
i,
F
.
M
e
li
t
o
,
F
.
Ve
rd
e
,
“
ICI
-
F
re
e
Eq
u
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
in
OFDM
S
y
ste
m
s
with
Blan
k
in
g
P
re
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
t
th
e
Re
c
e
iv
e
r
fo
r
Im
p
u
lsiv
e
N
o
ise
M
it
ig
a
ti
o
n
,
”
IEE
E
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
22
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
p
.
1
3
2
1
-
1
3
2
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
2
]
T.
L.
Li
u
,
W.
H.
Ch
u
n
g
,
S.
Y.
Yu
a
n
,
S.
Y.
Ku
o
,
“
ICI
S
e
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sin
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n
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o
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n
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Tran
sm
it
ters
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e
r
F
a
st
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m
e
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r
y
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g
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a
n
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ls
,
”
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E
T
r
a
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
14
,
n
o
.
7
,
pp.
3
5
5
9
-
3
5
7
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
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3
]
B.
P
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,
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E.
An
k
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ra
lı
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S
.
K
ö
se
,
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n
d
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Ars
lan
,
“
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n
d
a
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Re
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e
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win
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ra
m
e
s a
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d
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n
d
,
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IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
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icu
la
r
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l.
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.
1
,
p
p
.
6
7
6
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8
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
4
]
H.
M
.
S
a
v
it
h
a
,
K.
M
u
ra
li
d
h
a
r,
“
A
n
o
v
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l
h
y
b
rid
sc
h
e
m
e
u
sin
g
M
LE
with
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a
p
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g
fo
r
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c
a
n
c
e
ll
a
ti
o
n
i
n
OFDM
sy
ste
m
s
,
”
IEE
E
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
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e
o
n
C
o
mp
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ter
Co
mm
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n
ic
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
5
]
D.
Da
s,
“
P
e
a
k
to
Av
e
ra
g
e
P
o
we
r
Ra
ti
o
Re
d
u
c
t
io
n
i
n
OFDM
Us
i
n
g
P
u
lse
S
h
a
p
in
g
Tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
”
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
57
-
63
,
2
0
1
6
.
[
1
6
]
P.
K
.
Y
a
d
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v
,
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.
K
.
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w
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v
e
d
i
,
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.
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.
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a
h
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r
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j
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.
K
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r
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l
,
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.
P
.
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u
p
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a
,
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r
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e
,
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l
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o
n
,
v
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l
.
106
,
p
p
.
2375
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2386
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
P
.
Tan
,
N.C.
Be
a
u
l
ieu
,
“
P
APR
a
n
d
ICI
re
d
u
c
ti
o
n
in
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M
s
y
ste
m
s
u
sin
g
M
o
d
if
ied
Ra
ise
d
Co
sin
e
P
o
we
r
p
u
lse
sh
a
p
e
,”
IEE
E
C
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
3
5
-
1
3
7
,
2
0
0
4
.
[1
8
]
M
.
S
a
e
e
d
,
M
.
A.
M
a
ti
n
,
“
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
th
e
OFDM
Wi
re
les
s
S
y
ste
m
s
t
o
t
h
e
Ca
rrier
F
re
q
u
e
n
c
y
Offs
e
t
(CF
O)
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
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l
o
f
Distrib
u
ted
a
n
d
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a
ra
ll
e
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
-
13
,
2
0
1
3
.
[1
9
]
P
.
Ku
m
a
r,
P.
H.
P
ra
sa
d
,
L
.
An
j
a
n
e
y
u
l
u
,
“
M
o
d
if
ied
Imp
ro
v
e
d
S
i
n
c
Po
we
r
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lse
f
o
r
In
ter
Ca
rr
i
e
r
In
ter
fer
e
n
c
e
Red
u
c
ti
o
n
in
OFDM
S
y
ste
m
,
”
IEE
E
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Rec
e
n
t
T
re
n
d
s
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
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f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Ba
n
g
a
lo
re
,
pp.
8
6
9
-
8
7
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
0
]
J.
Va
g
h
e
la,
O.
P
a
b
b
a
t
i,
D.
G
a
n
d
h
i,
“
P
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
An
a
ly
sis o
f
OFD
M
S
y
ste
m
Us
in
g
I
S
P
P
u
lse
S
h
a
p
i
n
g
Tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
Res
e
a
rc
h
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
5
,
pp.
1
5
3
1
-
1
5
3
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
1
]
Y.
S
.
C
h
o
,
J.
Kim
,
W.
Ya
n
g
,
C.
G
.
Ka
n
g
,
“
M
IM
O
-
OFDM
Wi
re
les
s
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
wit
h
M
AT
LAB
,
”
IEE
E
Pre
ss
.
J
o
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s.
L
t
d
.
2
0
1
0
.
[2
2
]
D.
G
a
n
d
h
i,
S
.
G
u
p
ta,
U.
D.
Da
lal
,
“
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
P
u
lse
S
h
a
p
i
n
g
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
in
OFDM
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
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l
.
68
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o
.
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p
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2
3
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s
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l
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x
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g
,
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T
E
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K
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v
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l
.
10
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
579
-
585
,
2
0
1
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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4
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A.
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id
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iq
,
"
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5
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Li
,
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r
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wi
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ms
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ter
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fo
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ire
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mm
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n
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n
s,
pp.
438
-
4
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0
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1
.
[2
6
]
S
.
Ch
o
u
h
a
n
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S
h
a
rm
a
,
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A
S
u
r
v
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d
u
c
ti
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h
n
iq
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e
s
in
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S
y
ste
m
,
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ter
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7
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P
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re
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a
tel,
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re
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s,"
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ter
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