T
E
L
KO
M
N
I
KA
T
e
lec
om
m
u
n
icat
ion
,
Com
p
u
t
i
n
g,
E
lec
t
r
on
ics
an
d
Cont
r
ol
Vol.
18
,
No.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
,
pp.
282
~
288
I
S
S
N:
1693
-
6930,
a
c
c
r
e
dit
e
d
F
ir
s
t
G
r
a
de
by
Ke
me
nr
is
tekdikti
,
De
c
r
e
e
No:
21/E
/KP
T
/2018
DO
I
:
10.
12928/
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
.
v18i1.
12784
282
Jou
r
n
al
h
omepage
:
ht
tp:
//
jour
nal.
uad
.
ac
.
id/
index
.
php/T
E
L
K
OM
N
I
K
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L
ow
c
ost
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ar
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w
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a
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st
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on
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si
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A
r
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Z
ig
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aid
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u
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r
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s
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in
1
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i
Jam
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l
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i
2
,
M
ou
s
a
Riyad
h
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u
l
-
M
u
t
a
leb
3
,
Yaqee
n
S
ab
ah
M
e
z
aal
4
1,
3,
4
Al
-
E
s
raa
U
n
i
v
ers
i
t
y
Co
l
l
e
g
e
,
Iraq
2
Al
-
M
u
s
t
afa
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
C
o
l
l
eg
e
,
Iraq
Ar
t
icle
I
n
f
o
AB
S
T
RA
CT
A
r
t
icle
h
is
tor
y
:
R
e
c
e
ived
M
a
r
30
,
2019
R
e
vis
e
d
De
c
17
,
20
19
Ac
c
e
pted
De
c
30
,
20
19
T
h
i
s
p
a
p
er
p
re
s
en
t
s
l
o
w
co
s
t
-
effec
t
i
v
e
w
ea
t
h
er
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
em
by
u
s
i
n
g
Z
i
g
Bee
co
mm
u
n
i
cat
i
o
n
t
ec
h
n
i
q
u
e
t
h
at
s
erv
e
s
as
a
co
mmu
n
i
cat
i
o
n
ch
an
n
el
by
u
s
i
n
g
h
ar
d
w
are
an
d
s
en
s
o
rs
to
t
ra
n
s
m
i
t
an
d
recei
v
e
d
at
a
in
the
w
ea
t
h
er
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
em.
U
s
i
n
g
Z
i
g
B
ee
o
v
er
the
B
l
u
e
t
o
o
t
h
fo
r
the
s
h
o
r
t
co
v
era
g
e
d
i
s
t
an
ce
ab
o
u
t
(1
-
10
m)
an
d
o
v
er
the
(W
L
A
N
)
(w
i
re
l
es
s
l
o
ca
l
area
n
e
t
w
o
rk
)
or
W
i
-
Fi
,
a
W
L
A
N
h
a
s
l
i
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
l
i
k
e
d
el
a
y
,
l
ack
i
n
g
BW
of
the
h
an
d
o
v
er
of
a
l
arg
e
amo
u
n
t
of
d
at
a,
an
d
s
o
me
a
reas
h
a
v
e
no
i
n
t
er
n
et
c
o
v
er
ag
e.
T
h
e
s
y
s
t
em
i
n
cl
u
d
e
s
i
m
p
l
eme
n
t
at
i
o
n
an
d
d
e
s
i
g
n
f
o
r
the
w
ea
t
h
er
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
U
n
o
b
o
ar
d
an
d
fi
v
e
s
en
s
o
r
s
g
i
v
es
s
i
x
t
h
read
i
n
g
d
a
t
a
(rai
n
s
t
at
e,
w
i
n
d
l
ev
el
,
ai
r
p
re
s
s
u
re,
d
u
s
t
d
en
s
i
t
y
,
t
emp
era
t
u
re
an
d
h
u
m
i
d
i
t
y
).
The
d
at
a
can
be
s
t
o
r
ed
in
SD
card
on
recei
v
i
n
g
(cl
o
u
d
i
n
g
an
d
mai
n
p
ro
ce
s
s
i
n
g
s
i
d
e)
fro
m
mo
re
t
h
a
n
one
t
ran
s
mi
t
t
er
n
o
d
e
(Z
i
g
Bee
N
et
w
o
r
k
).
It
ca
n
be
ret
r
i
ev
e
d
the
d
at
a
in
an
y
t
i
me
a
n
d
d
at
e.
Re
s
u
l
t
s
s
h
o
w
ed
the
sy
s
t
em
h
a
s
no
d
e
l
ay
a
n
d
the
d
at
a
re
p
u
t
ed
l
y
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
ev
er
s
ec
o
n
d
w
i
t
h
the
n
e
w
read
i
n
g
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ar
duino
C
loudi
ng
W
ir
e
les
s
s
e
n
s
or
ne
twor
ks
Z
igB
e
e
Th
i
s
is
an
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
the
CC
BY
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e
.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
Z
a
id
Khudhur
Hus
s
e
in
,
Al
-
Es
r
a
a
Unive
r
s
it
y
C
oll
e
ge
,
B
a
ghda
d,
I
r
a
q
.
E
mail:
z
a
id.
khudhe
r
@e
s
r
a
a
.
e
du.
iq
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
Ge
ne
r
a
ll
y,
in
the
wo
r
ldwide,
the
we
a
ther
is
ve
r
y
i
mpor
tant
f
or
pe
ople
li
f
e
in
numer
ous
s
it
ua
ti
ons
of
r
a
iny,
ho
t,
dr
y
,
dus
ty,
a
nd
windy
we
a
ther
s
tate
.
We
mus
t
know
thes
e
s
tate
s
be
f
or
e
going
to
a
nywhe
r
e
to
take
pr
e
c
a
uti
ons
[1
-
3]
.
T
he
s
e
pr
e
c
a
uti
ons
can
be
im
ple
mente
d
by
moder
n
e
lec
tr
onic
a
nd
mon
it
or
ing
tec
hnologi
e
s
.
Ar
dui
no
is
an
ope
n
-
s
our
c
e
boa
r
d
that
c
ontains
indi
vidually
a
phys
ica
l
pr
ogr
a
mm
a
ble
c
ir
c
uit
boa
r
ding
(
mi
c
r
oc
ontr
oll
e
r
)
with
a
pa
r
t
s
of
twa
r
e
,
or
I
D
E
w
hich
wor
ks
in
a
P
C
,
a
nd
w
r
it
e
s
with
upload
PC
c
ode
in
the
boa
r
d
(
A
r
duino
boa
r
d
)
[4
-
6]
.
T
he
Z
igB
e
e
tec
hnique
is
int
e
r
ope
r
a
ble
a
mongs
t
co
ns
tr
uc
ter
s
with
maintena
nc
e
s
ha
ving
main
number
of
node
s
.
S
ys
tem
de
li
ve
r
s
c
ontac
ti
ng
be
twe
e
n
s
e
ve
r
a
l
e
lec
tr
onic
pr
oc
e
dur
es
as
a
c
oope
r
a
ti
ve
a
nd
gr
a
phica
l
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
to
c
ont
r
ol
thes
e
de
vice
s
[7
-
9]
.
T
he
m
ode
l
ha
s
a
pa
r
a
ll
e
l
p
r
oc
e
s
s
ing
li
ke
joi
ning
one
or
e
xtr
a
mi
c
r
oc
ontr
oll
e
r
(
buil
t
in
pr
ojec
ted
s
ys
tem)
a
nd
the
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
a
mong
mi
c
r
oc
ontr
o
ll
e
r
s
is
c
ompos
e
d
to
c
ons
tr
uc
t
mas
ter
/s
lave
pr
oc
e
dur
e
that
e
mpl
oys
one
main
(
ma
s
ter
)
with
one
or
e
xt
r
a
(
s
lave
)
mi
c
r
oc
ontr
oll
e
r
s
[
10
]
.
R
e
late
d
w
or
ks
in
thi
s
s
e
c
ti
on
dis
c
u
s
s
ed
v
a
r
ious
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
by
u
s
ing
Ar
duino
a
nd
Z
igB
e
e
tec
hnology
S
ys
tems
with
their
f
e
a
tur
e
s
.
S
hih
-
P
a
ng
T
s
e
ng
et
a
l
.
[
11
]
pr
e
s
e
n
ted
s
mar
t
hous
e
mo
nit
or
&
s
upe
r
vis
o
r
(
S
HM
S
)
,
us
ing
Z
igB
e
e
tec
hniques
ba
s
e
d
on
the
s
e
ns
or
s
with
a
c
tuator
s
that
a
tt
a
c
he
d
via
Z
igB
e
e
tec
hnique
s
ys
tem.
T
he
de
s
ign
is
s
mar
t
s
oc
ke
t
that
wor
ks
by
r
e
mot
e
c
ontr
o
l
by
Z
igbee
.
T
he
c
omput
e
r
hos
t
a
c
ts
as
an
inf
or
mation
da
ta
with
mot
ion
s
e
ns
ing
a
nd
t
he
inf
or
mation
is
t
r
a
ns
por
ted
to
VM
on
the
c
loud
.
Na
ya
n
a
nd
I
khs
a
n
[9
]
de
s
igned
a
nd
e
nha
nc
e
d
Z
igB
e
e
tec
hnique
that
f
unc
ti
ons
as
a
c
om
muni
c
a
ti
on
c
h
a
nne
l
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
L
ow
c
os
t
s
mar
t
w
e
ather
s
tat
ion
us
ing
A
r
duino
and
Z
igB
e
e
(
Z
aid
K
hudhur
Hus
s
e
in
)
283
the
ha
r
dwa
r
e
with
s
e
ns
or
s
ba
s
e
d
on
a
hou
s
e
a
ut
omation
method
in
s
mar
t
hous
e
s
.
L
C
D
ha
s
us
e
d
to
give
de
tails
a
bout
s
ys
tem
r
e
c
e
iver
.
Z
igB
e
e
ne
twor
k
ha
s
be
e
n
us
e
d
f
or
the
de
s
ign
a
nd
im
pleme
ntation
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
on
pr
otot
ype
to
im
p
r
ove
the
hous
e
a
utom
a
ti
on
s
ys
tem.
B
a
ba
r
a
o
a
nd
R
a
mes
h
[
12
]
inves
ti
ga
ted
a
s
ys
tem
identif
ied
as
HE
M
S
to
de
c
r
e
a
s
e
the
powe
r
c
on
s
umpt
ion
in
home
e
ne
r
gy.
T
he
y
c
onduc
ted
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
home
a
ppli
a
nc
e
s
c
onne
c
ted
ove
r
Z
igB
e
e
c
omm
unica
t
ion
to
tur
n
on
or
o
f
f
the
home
a
ppli
a
nc
e
.
P
r
opos
e
d
a
r
c
hit
e
c
tur
e
gives
powe
r
s
a
ving
a
nd
e
ne
r
gy
or
g
a
niza
ti
on,
a
nd
a
f
f
or
ds
a
s
e
c
ur
it
y
to
th
e
home
by
us
ing
dif
f
e
r
e
nt
s
e
ns
or
s
a
nd
GSM
c
ir
c
uit
s
.
J
a
bba
r
a
nd
Ka
witkar
[
13]
,
ha
s
int
r
oduc
e
d
c
he
a
p
c
omm
e
r
c
ial
a
nd
powe
r
f
ul
hous
e
c
ontr
ol
with
moni
tor
ing
s
ys
t
e
m.
S
mar
t
home
ha
s
int
e
r
f
a
c
e
s
a
nd
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
de
s
c
r
ipt
ions
to
c
onf
i
r
m
int
e
r
ope
r
a
bil
i
ty
a
mongs
t
Z
igB
ee
s
ys
tems
f
or
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
e
lec
tr
ica
l
de
vice
s
,
mete
r
s
a
n
d
s
mar
t
e
ne
r
gy
e
na
bler
s
.
Ha
di
[
14
]
ha
s
p
r
e
s
e
nted
s
ys
te
m
de
s
ign
us
ing
XB
e
e
wi
r
e
les
s
tec
hnique
c
omm
u
nica
ti
ons
,
whic
h
is
a
ble
to
s
e
nd
a
nd
r
e
c
e
ive
a
tr
a
ns
mi
s
s
ion
inf
or
mation
a
mong
c
e
ntr
a
l
c
ontr
oll
e
r
un
it
a
nd
va
r
io
us
hous
e
s
e
ns
or
node
s
f
or
r
e
a
ding
a
nd
s
e
nding
tempe
r
a
tur
e
,
ga
s
s
e
n
s
ing
a
nd
IR
s
e
c
ur
it
y
inf
or
mation.
T
he
tes
ted
r
e
s
ult
s
a
r
e
in
the
wi
r
e
les
s
us
a
ge
moni
tor
ing
a
nd
a
r
e
r
e
c
og
nize
d.
In
I
r
a
q,
the
we
a
ther
s
tate
s
a
r
e
a
lwa
y
s
c
ha
nging.
T
e
mper
a
tur
e
de
gr
e
e
is
ve
r
y
hot
in
s
umm
e
r
,
a
nd
humi
dit
y
is
ve
r
y
h
igh
in
s
outh
of
I
r
a
q
as
we
ll
as
r
a
iny
we
a
ther
in
no
r
th
of
I
r
a
q.
To
mea
s
ur
e
a
ll
thes
e
s
tate
s
of
da
ta,
we
ne
e
d
de
vice
s
to
mea
s
ur
e
the
we
a
ther
s
tate
s
in
a
ll
a
r
e
a
s
to
know
their
s
tate
s
a
nd
we
us
e
d
the
wir
e
les
s
we
a
ther
s
tation
de
vice
without
I
nter
ne
t
by
us
ing
Z
igB
e
e
Ne
twor
k
with
Ar
duino
mi
c
r
oc
ontr
o
ll
e
r
a
nd
the
s
e
ns
or
s
to
mea
s
ur
e
thes
e
we
a
ther
s
tate
s
.
In
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
the
s
ys
tem
ha
s
im
pleme
ntation
a
nd
d
e
s
ign
f
or
the
we
a
ther
s
tation
us
ing
A
r
duino
Uno
boa
r
d
a
nd
f
ive
s
e
ns
or
s
with
s
ixt
h
r
e
a
ding
da
ta
(
r
a
in
s
tate
,
wi
nd
leve
l,
a
ir
pr
e
s
s
ur
e
,
dus
t,
tempe
r
a
tu
r
e
a
nd
humi
dit
y
).
T
he
da
ta
is
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
d
f
r
om
the
s
tation
by
us
ing
Z
igbee
c
omm
unica
ti
on
tec
hnique
(
Z
igB
e
e
Ne
twor
k)
as
the
c
omm
unica
ti
on
c
ha
nne
l
to
the
r
e
c
e
iver
.
T
he
we
a
ther
s
tati
on
doe
s
n’
t
ne
e
d
the
int
e
r
ne
t
.
T
he
r
e
f
or
e
,
we
c
a
n
us
e
it
in
a
ny
loca
ti
on
s
ince
we
a
ther
s
tation
is
ba
s
e
d
on
Z
igB
e
e
c
omm
unica
ti
on
tec
hnology
that
ha
s
high
c
ove
r
a
ge
a
r
e
a
f
r
om
120
m
to
64
k
m.
2.
RE
S
E
AR
CH
M
E
T
HO
D
T
he
main
wor
k
in
th
is
pa
pe
r
is
to
pr
opos
e
de
s
ign
a
nd
im
pleme
ntation
a
we
a
ther
s
tation
s
ys
tem.
T
he
wor
k
ha
s
two
pa
r
ts
(
ha
r
dwa
r
e
a
nd
s
of
twa
r
e
)
i
mpl
e
menta
ti
ons
,
a
nd
block
diagr
a
m
f
o
r
the
we
a
ther
s
tation
is
de
picte
d
in
F
igu
r
e
1.
F
igur
e
1.
B
lock
diagr
a
m
of
the
s
tation
:
(
a
)
s
e
nde
r
s
e
c
ti
on
(
T
X)
,
a
nd
(
b)
r
e
c
e
i
ve
r
s
e
c
ti
on
(
R
X)
2.
1.
Hardwar
e
im
p
lem
e
n
t
a
t
ion
Ha
r
dwa
r
e
i
mpl
e
menta
ti
on
p
r
im
a
r
il
y
invol
ve
s
tw
o
Ar
duino
Uno
pa
r
ts
,
tempe
r
a
tur
e
a
nd
humi
dit
y
(
DH
T
11)
,
two
Z
igB
e
e
c
ir
c
uit
s
,
w
ind
s
pe
e
d
s
e
ns
or
(
T
ype
(0
-
9V)
S
KU
:
S
E
N0170)
,
B
M
P
180
digi
tal
ba
r
ometr
ic
s
e
ns
or
modul
e
–
mode
l
GY
-
68,
r
a
in
s
e
ns
or
,
d
us
t
s
e
ns
or
(
GP2Y1010AU
0F
)
,
SD
memor
y,
r
e
a
l
time
c
lock
(
DS1307)
s
e
ns
or
,
GL
C
D
a
nd
n
e
xti
o
n
dis
play
whic
h
a
r
e
be
ing
dis
c
us
s
e
d
with
their
s
pe
c
if
ic
f
unc
ti
ons
.
a.
Ar
duino
Uno
Ar
duino
is
mi
c
r
oc
ontr
oll
e
r
boa
r
ding
buil
t
on
AT
m
e
ga
328P
.
T
he
Ar
duino
ha
s
14
digi
tal
input
/out
put
pins
(6
pins
whic
h
us
e
s
as
P
W
M
output
s
)
,
6
a
na
log
input
s
with
16
M
Hz
qua
r
tz
c
r
ys
tal,
USB
c
onne
c
ti
on,
powe
r
jac
k
a
nd
I
C
S
P
he
a
de
r
with
a
r
e
s
e
t
s
witch
as
e
xplaine
d
by
F
igur
e
2
[
15]
.
Uno
boa
r
ding
ha
s
a
s
e
r
ies
f
or
USB
Ar
duino
boa
r
ds
,
with
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
typi
c
a
l
to
Ar
duino
boa
r
ds
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
TEL
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
282
-
288
284
b.
Z
igB
e
e
t
e
c
hnology
Z
igB
e
e
tec
hnology
wor
ks
on
ope
n
global
s
tanda
r
d
ba
s
e
d
on
I
E
E
E
802.
15
.
4
M
AC
/P
HY
.
It
de
f
ines
ne
twor
k
laye
r
ove
r
802.
15
.
4
laye
r
s
that
a
r
e
s
uppor
ti
ng
a
dva
nc
e
d
mes
h
r
outi
ng
c
a
pa
bil
it
ies
[
5]
.
T
he
xB
e
e
s
ignal
us
e
s
AE
S
e
nc
r
ypti
on
method.
T
h
is
method
is
a
s
ymm
e
tr
ic
-
ke
y
s
e
c
r
e
t
mes
s
a
ge
that
is
in
c
oo
pe
r
a
ti
on
with
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
node
a
nd
the
r
e
c
e
iver
to
e
mpl
oy
a
s
oli
tar
y
ke
y
f
or
e
nc
r
ypti
ng
a
nd
de
c
r
ypti
ng
.
E
nc
r
ypti
on
ha
s
pr
oc
e
dur
e
s
of
tr
a
ns
f
o
r
mi
ng
the
text
wo
r
ds
in
to
a
layout
that
is
une
a
s
il
y
de
c
ipher
a
ble
whic
h
is
known
as
c
ipher
.
T
he
c
ipher
is
a
c
quir
e
d
by
pe
r
f
o
r
mi
n
g
a
s
e
que
nti
a
l
a
r
it
hmetica
l
ope
r
a
ti
on
ba
s
e
d
on
it
e
r
a
ti
on
leve
ls
[
16]
.
Z
igB
e
e
ne
twor
king
e
leme
nt
c
ir
c
uit
with
s
e
ns
or
s
s
t
a
nd
f
or
moder
n
c
a
tegor
ie
s
f
or
wir
e
les
s
,
s
hor
t,
low
powe
r
ne
twor
k
c
omm
unica
ti
on
tec
hniques
with
s
e
ve
r
a
l
tec
hnologi
c
a
l
a
dva
ntage
s
,
s
uc
h
as
a
low
c
o
mpl
e
xit
y,
low
powe
r
c
ons
umpt
ion,
high
c
os
t,
high
e
f
f
icie
nc
y,
high
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
a
nd
wide
ne
twor
k
c
ove
r
a
ge
a
r
e
a
[
13
]
.
Dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
a
mong
Bl
ue
toot
h,
W
L
AN
a
nd
Z
igB
e
e
a
r
e
c
lar
if
ied
in
T
a
ble
1.
T
he
XB
e
e
modul
e
us
e
s
me
dium
to
be
as
int
e
r
a
c
ti
on
with
the
c
omm
unica
ti
on
modul
e
a
mong
mi
c
r
oc
ontr
oll
e
r
s
a
nd
s
e
r
ve
s
li
ke
wir
e
les
s
ne
twor
k
f
or
in
f
or
mation
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
two
kinds
of
X
B
e
e
de
vice
s
us
e
d
f
or
hous
e
a
utom
a
ti
on:
XB
e
e
S1
a
nd
XB
e
e
S2
as
de
picte
d
in
F
igur
e
3
[
13]
.
T
he
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
of
the
XB
e
e
S1
a
nd
S2
modul
e
s
a
r
e
s
hown
in
T
a
bl
e
2.
T
a
ble
1.
C
ompar
is
on
of
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
of
B
luetoot
h,
W
L
AN
a
nd
Z
igB
e
e
[
9]
C
ha
r
a
c
te
r
is
ti
c
s
B
lu
e
to
ot
h
W
L
A
N
Z
ig
B
e
e
P
r
ot
oc
ol
(
I
E
E
E
)
802.15.1
802.11
b/
g
802.15.4
R
a
nge
(
me
te
r
s
10
50
-
100
10
-
100
D
a
ta
r
a
te
(
bi
t/
s
)
1
M
11
&
54
M
20,
40
&
250
k
B
a
tt
e
r
y
li
f
e
ti
me
(
da
ys
)
7
0.5
-
5
>
100
O
pe
r
a
ti
ng
f
r
e
que
nc
y
(
H
z
)
2.4
G
2.4
G
&
5
G
868
M,
902
-
926
M
&
2.4
G
C
ompl
e
xi
ty
H
ig
h
H
ig
h
L
ow
P
ow
e
r
c
ons
umpt
io
n
(
mW
)
198
1050
72
S
e
c
ur
it
y
64
&
128
kbi
ts
I
E
E
E
802.11i
(
W
P
A
2)
128
-
bi
t
A
E
S
&
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
la
ye
r
s
e
c
ur
it
y
A
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
W
ir
e
le
s
s
c
omm
uni
c
a
ti
on
I
nt
e
r
ne
t,
w
e
bs
it
e
,
&
e
-
ma
il
C
ont
r
ol
&
moni
to
r
in
g
T
a
ble
2.
T
he
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
of
S
e
r
ies
1
a
nd
S
e
r
ies
2
Xbe
e
modul
e
s
[
13
]
S
e
r
ie
s
1
S
e
r
ie
s
2
D
is
ta
nc
e
(
m)
30
40
O
pt
im
a
l
r
a
nge
(
m)
100
120
T
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
/r
e
c
e
iv
e
r
c
ur
r
e
nt
(
mA)
45/
50
40/
40
F
ir
mwa
r
e
802.15.4
Z
ig
B
e
e
D
ig
it
a
l
in
put
8
11
A
na
lo
g i
nput
7
4
P
W
M
2
No
P
oi
nt
-
to
poi
nt
& poi
nt
-
to
-
poi
nt
to
pol
ogy
Y
es
Y
e
s
M
e
s
h & t
r
e
e
t
opol
ogi
e
s
No
Y
e
s
c.
W
ind
s
pe
e
d
s
e
ns
or
T
he
th
r
e
e
-
type
wind
s
pe
e
d
s
e
ns
or
is
a
de
vice
that
de
ter
mi
ne
wind
s
pe
e
d
by
us
ing
9
V
DC
volt
a
ge
.
I
ts
f
e
a
tur
e
s
a
r
e
high
ha
r
dne
s
s
,
c
or
r
os
ion
pr
otec
ti
on
,
wa
ter
pr
oo
f
ne
s
s
a
nd
high
pr
e
c
is
ion
[
17]
.
d.
B
a
r
om
e
tr
ic
p
r
e
s
s
ur
e
s
e
ns
or
T
he
s
e
ns
or
is
highl
y
low
-
c
os
t
c
ir
c
uit
to
mea
s
ur
e
ba
r
ometr
ic
pr
e
s
s
ur
e
,
tempe
r
a
tur
e
,
a
nd
a
lt
it
ude
.
T
he
s
e
ns
or
is
we
lded
on
P
C
B
of
a
3
.
3V
r
e
gulator
,
with
pull
up
r
e
s
is
tor
s
of
I2
pins
[
18]
.
e.
R
a
in
s
e
ns
or
T
he
r
a
in
s
e
ns
or
a
r
e
tool
s
to
de
t
ect
r
a
in
that
can
be
wor
ke
d
li
ke
s
witch
whe
n
r
a
in
d
r
op
f
a
ll
s
ove
r
r
a
iny
boa
r
d
wi
th
the
a
bil
it
y
to
mea
s
ur
e
the
r
a
in
f
a
ll
int
e
ns
it
y
[
19]
.
f.
Dus
t
s
e
ns
or
An
inf
r
a
r
e
d
e
mi
tt
ing
diode
with
li
ght
de
pe
nding
r
e
s
is
tor
(
L
DR
)
pho
tot
r
a
ns
is
tor
wa
s
or
ga
nize
d
on
the
ha
r
dwa
r
e
.
It
can
be
us
e
d
to
f
ind
out
the
r
e
f
lec
ted
li
ght
f
r
om
dus
t
in
a
i
r
[
20]
.
g.
T
e
mper
a
tur
e
a
nd
h
u
mi
dit
y
s
e
ns
or
(
DH
T
11)
T
he
boa
r
d
is
s
e
ns
or
with
the
a
bil
it
y
f
or
mea
s
ur
ing
tempe
r
a
tur
e
with
humi
dit
y.
It
ha
s
high
r
e
li
a
bil
it
y
,
e
xc
e
ll
e
nt
long
-
ter
m
s
tabili
ty
with
ve
r
y
f
a
s
t
r
e
s
pons
e
time
[
21
]
.
h.
R
e
a
l
time
c
lock
(
DS1307
)
R
e
a
l
time
c
lock
(
R
T
C
)
is
s
im
il
a
r
to
the
c
lock
,
wor
ks
on
the
ba
tt
e
r
y
with
r
e
tain
time
e
ve
n
if
the
powe
r
is
of
f
[
22]
.
i.
SD
m
e
mor
y
T
he
SD
M
e
mor
y
is
us
e
d
to
s
tor
e
the
da
ta
f
r
om
s
e
ns
or
s
im
media
tely.
T
h
is
da
ta
can
be
dis
playe
d
on
nixt
ion
touchs
c
r
e
e
n
a
nd
old
da
ta
can
be
s
e
a
r
c
he
d
at
a
ny
da
te
a
nd
ti
me.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
L
ow
c
os
t
s
mar
t
w
e
ather
s
tat
ion
us
ing
A
r
duino
and
Z
igB
e
e
(
Z
aid
K
hudhur
Hus
s
e
in
)
285
F
igur
e
2.
M
icr
oc
ontr
oll
e
r
boa
r
d
(
Ar
duino
Uno)
F
igur
e
3.
XB
e
e
S1
a
nd
S2
2.
2.
S
of
t
war
e
i
m
p
lem
e
n
t
a
t
ion
T
he
s
of
twa
r
e
p
r
ogr
a
m
f
or
the
s
tation
is
ba
s
e
d
on
Ar
duino
C
pr
og
r
a
m
langua
ge
.
At
wha
t
time
the
pr
ogr
a
m
ha
s
c
ompl
e
ted,
the
s
ys
tem
then
uploa
ds
Ar
duino
p
r
ogr
a
m
to
the
mi
c
r
oc
ont
r
oll
e
r
,
a
nd
th
e
de
vice
will
tr
a
ns
mi
t
in
f
or
mation
s
e
r
ially
to
its
TX
thr
oug
h
Z
igB
e
e
.
In
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
the
s
ys
tem
is
ba
s
e
d
on
th
e
Z
igB
e
e
tec
hnology
t
o
r
e
c
e
ive
a
nd
tr
a
ns
mi
t
the
inf
or
mati
on.
Z
igB
e
e
wir
e
les
s
li
nk
is
c
onf
igur
e
d
a
nd
c
oul
d
a
c
c
e
pt
inf
or
mation
f
o
r
other
Z
igB
e
e
unit
s
c
onne
c
ted
to
ha
r
dwa
r
e
.
A
f
lowc
ha
r
t
f
o
r
we
a
ther
s
tation
is
de
picte
d
in
F
igur
e
4.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
4.
F
lowc
ha
r
t
of
we
a
t
he
r
s
tation
Z
igB
e
e
s
ys
tem
:
(
a
)
T
x,
(
b
)
Rx
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
TEL
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
282
-
288
286
2.
3.
E
xp
e
r
im
e
n
t
al
e
volu
t
io
n
T
he
we
a
ther
s
tation
s
ys
tem
ha
s
be
e
n
de
s
igned
by
us
ing
Ar
duino
Uno
a
nd
Z
igB
e
e
tec
hnology
with
the
s
e
ns
or
s
.
T
he
we
a
ther
s
tation
ha
s
two
pa
r
ts
;
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
node
we
a
ther
s
tation
ha
s
an
A
r
dui
no
Uno
a
nd
Z
igB
e
e
with
f
ive
s
e
ns
or
s
(
wind
s
pe
e
d
s
e
n
s
or
,
pr
e
s
s
ur
e
s
e
n
s
or
,
r
a
in
s
e
ns
or
,
dus
t
s
e
ns
or
,
tempe
r
a
tur
e
a
nd
humi
dit
y
s
e
ns
or
)
as
we
ll
as
GL
C
D
to
s
how
the
da
ta
c
ons
ider
e
d
f
or
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
node
.
T
he
r
e
c
e
iver
pa
r
t
c
ons
is
ts
of
an
Ar
duino
Uno
a
nd
Z
igB
e
e
wi
th
n
e
xti
on
to
moni
tor
the
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng
da
ta
ba
s
e
d
on
the
pr
opos
e
d
pr
otot
ype
as
s
how
n
in
F
igur
e
s
5
(
a
)
a
nd
5
(
b
)
.
T
he
r
a
nge
dis
tanc
e
f
r
om
Ar
duino
ba
s
e
d
s
ys
tem
s
tation
(
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
node
)
Z
igB
e
e
is
1
mi
le,
a
nd
the
max
im
um
r
a
nge
of
Z
igB
e
e
node
(
r
e
c
e
iver
s
ides
or
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
s
ides
)
is
40
mi
les
.
(
a
)
(
b)
F
igur
e
5.
(
a
)
W
e
a
ther
s
tation
t
r
a
n
s
mi
tt
e
r
node
,
(
b
)
R
e
c
e
iver
node
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
YSI
S
P
r
a
c
ti
c
a
l
im
p
r
ove
d
r
e
s
ult
s
f
r
o
m
da
ta
va
lues
a
r
e
de
ter
mi
ne
d
in
pr
opos
e
d
we
a
ther
s
ys
tem.
T
he
obtaine
d
r
e
s
ult
s
whe
n
s
ta
ti
on
wor
ke
d
a
long
o
ne
we
e
k
in
B
a
ghda
d
I
r
a
q
f
r
om
8
-
12
-
2018
to
14
12
-
2018
f
or
s
ix
r
e
a
ding
(
temp,
hum
,
r
a
in
,
wind
,
pr
e
s
s
ur
e
a
nd
dus
t
)
twice
pe
r
da
y
(
7:00
AM
to
4:00
P
M
)
f
r
om
the
tr
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
node
a
r
e
s
hown
in
T
a
bles
3
a
nd
4.
As
it
is
s
hown
in
the
table
s
,
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
be
twe
e
n
r
e
a
ding
f
r
om
T
a
ble
3
(
ww
w.
we
a
ther
.
c
om
)
a
nd
the
r
e
a
di
ng
f
r
om
T
a
ble
4
(
pr
opos
e
d
we
a
ther
s
tation)
is
mi
nim
um.
T
he
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
tempe
r
a
tu
r
e
is
a
bout
2
o
C
,
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
hu
mi
dit
y
is
a
bout
3%
,
no
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
r
a
in
s
tatus
,
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
wind
s
pe
e
d
is
a
bout
1
KM
H
,
a
nd
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
pr
e
s
s
ur
e
is
a
bout
1
MB
.
T
a
ble
3.
W
e
a
ther
da
ta
f
r
om
ww
w
.
W
e
a
ther
.
c
om
T
im
e
S
a
t
S
un
M
on
T
us
Wed
T
hu
F
r
i
T
e
mp
7:
00
AM
4:
00
PM
1
2oc
17oc
15oc
13oc
14oc
12oc
20oc
18oc
15oc
18oc
12oc
14oc
8oc
17oc
H
um
7:
00
AM
4:
00
PM
91%
74%
82%
87%
82%
97%
96%
63%
91%
70%
94%
68%
91%
58%
R
a
in
7:
00
AM
4:
00
PM
L
I
G
H
T
R
A
I
N
NO
R
A
I
N
S
unny
S
unny
R
A
I
N
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
W
in
d
7:
00
AM
4:
00
PM
18
K
M
H
10
K
M
H
10
K
M
H
10
K
M
H
18
K
M
H
11
K
M
H
5
K
M
H
3
K
M
H
8
K
M
H
11
K
M
H
11
K
M
H
5
K
M
H
8
K
M
H
3
K
M
H
P
r
e
7:
00
AM
4:
00
PM
1019
MB
1020
MB
1021
MB
1021
MB
1021
MB
1021
MB
1021
MB
1021
MB
1020
MB
1020
MB
1021
MB
1021
MB
1019
MB
1019
MB
F
or
the
f
ir
s
t
da
y
(8
De
c
e
m
be
r
2018
)
f
r
om
the
we
e
k
the
r
e
a
ding
f
or
both
in
ww
w.
we
a
ther
.
c
om
a
nd
the
pr
opos
e
d
we
a
ther
s
tation
we
r
e
c
a
lcula
ted.
T
he
T
e
mper
a
tur
e
r
e
a
ding
wa
s
(
11oC
)
de
ter
mi
ne
d
by
p
r
otot
ype
we
a
ther
s
tation
a
nd
the
r
e
a
ding
f
r
om
ww
w
.
we
a
ther
.
c
om
wa
s
(
12oC
)
a
nd
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
is
(
1%
oC
)
be
twe
e
n
them.
F
o
r
the
Humidi
ty
r
e
a
ding,
it
wa
s
(
90%
)
de
t
e
r
mi
ne
d
by
p
r
otot
ype
we
a
ther
s
tation
a
nd
the
r
e
a
d
ing
f
r
om
ww
w.
we
a
ther
.
c
om
wa
s
(
91%
)
a
nd
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
is
a
bou
t
(
1%
oC
)
be
twe
e
n
them.
F
or
the
P
r
e
s
s
ur
e
r
e
a
ding,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
L
ow
c
os
t
s
mar
t
w
e
ather
s
tat
ion
us
ing
A
r
duino
and
Z
igB
e
e
(
Z
aid
K
hudhur
Hus
s
e
in
)
287
it
wa
s
(
1018
M
B
)
wa
s
de
ter
mi
ne
d
by
pr
otot
ype
we
a
ther
s
tation
a
nd
the
r
e
a
ding
f
r
om
ww
w.
we
a
ther
.
c
om
wa
s
(
1019
M
B
)
a
nd
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
wa
s
a
bout
(1
M
B
)
be
twe
e
n
them.
F
o
r
th
e
R
a
in
s
tatus
r
e
a
ding,
it
w
a
s
(
r
a
in)
de
ter
mi
ne
d
by
pr
oto
type
we
a
ther
s
tation,
a
nd
th
e
r
e
a
ding
f
r
om
ww
w.
we
a
ther
.
c
om
wa
s
(
li
ght
r
a
in)
.
F
or
the
wind
s
pe
e
d
r
e
a
ding,
it
wa
s
(
17
KM
H)
de
ter
mi
ne
d
by
pr
otot
ype
we
a
ther
s
tation
a
nd
the
r
e
a
ding
f
r
om
ww
w.
we
a
ther
.
c
om
wa
s
(
18
KM
H)
a
nd
the
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
is
a
bout
(
1)
be
twe
e
n
them.
T
he
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
a
nd
da
ta
s
tor
a
ge
s
can
be
e
nha
n
c
e
d
by
c
loud
a
nd
int
e
r
ne
t
of
thi
ng
(
I
oT
)
tec
hnologi
e
s
[
23,
24]
.
In
a
ddit
ion,
the
pr
opos
e
d
we
a
ther
s
tation
moni
tor
ing
r
e
s
ult
s
can
be
a
djus
ted
by
ge
ne
ti
c
a
lgor
it
hm
(
GA
)
as
an
opti
mi
z
a
ti
on
tool
to
en
ha
nc
e
a
ny
wa
nted
r
e
a
ding
[
25
]
.
T
a
ble
4.
W
e
a
ther
da
t
a
f
r
om
p
r
opos
e
d
we
a
ther
s
tati
on
T
im
e
S
a
t
S
un
M
on
T
us
Wed
T
hu
F
r
i
T
e
mp
7:
00
AM
4:
00
PM
11oc
16oc
16oc
12.5oc
13oc
11oc
21oc
18oc
13.5oc
17oc
12oc
13oc
8oc
16oc
H
um
7:
00
AM
4:
00
PM
90%
73%
84%
88%
84%
94%
92%
60%
91%
73%
92%
70%
88%
58%
R
a
in
7:
00
AM
4:
00
PM
R
A
I
N
NO
R
A
I
N
S
unny
S
unny
R
A
I
N
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
S
unny
W
in
d
7:
00
AM
4:
00
PM
17
K
M
H
11
K
M
H
10
K
M
H
11
K
M
H
17
K
M
H
10
K
M
H
6
K
M
H
3
K
M
H
7
K
M
H
10
K
M
H
10
K
M
H
6
K
M
H
8
K
M
H
3
K
M
H
P
r
e
7:
00
AM
4:
00
PM
1018
MB
1019
MB
1022
MB
1021
MB
1021
MB
1021
MB
1021
MB
1020
MB
1020
MB
1021
MB
1022
MB
1020
MB
1020
MB
1019
MB
D
us
t
7:
00
AM
4:
00
PM
0.07
0.09
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.1
0.08
0.09
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.08
0.07
0.06
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
In
thi
s
pa
pe
r
,
pr
otot
ype
s
ys
tem
f
or
low
c
os
t
-
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
we
a
ther
s
tation
with
moni
to
r
ing
s
ys
tem
by
us
ing
Ar
duino
Uno
a
nd
Z
igB
e
e
c
omm
unica
ti
on
tec
hnique,
to
tr
a
ns
mi
t
a
nd
r
e
c
e
ive
the
we
a
ther
da
ta
ha
s
pr
e
s
e
nted.
It
ha
s
f
e
a
s
ibi
li
ti
e
s
f
or
s
ix
r
e
a
ding
da
t
a
(
r
a
in
s
tate
,
wi
nd
leve
l,
a
ir
pr
e
s
s
ur
e
,
dus
t
de
ns
it
y,
a
nd
tempe
r
a
tur
e
a
nd
humi
dit
y
)
.
T
he
da
ta
can
be
s
a
ve
d
in
SD
c
a
r
d
on
r
e
c
e
ivi
ng
(
c
loudi
ng
a
nd
main
p
r
oc
e
s
s
ing
s
ides
)
f
r
om
mor
e
than
one
t
r
a
ns
mi
tt
e
r
node
(
Z
ig
B
e
e
Ne
twor
k)
.
It
can
be
r
e
t
r
ieve
d
the
da
ta
in
a
ny
time
a
nd
da
te.
T
he
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
r
e
s
ult
s
f
r
om
pr
opos
e
d
we
a
ther
s
ys
tem
c
ompar
e
d
with
(
ww
w.
we
a
ther
.
c
om
)
is
ve
r
y
good
in
a
ll
r
e
a
dings
that
c
a
lcula
ted
fo
rm
the
pr
op
os
e
d
we
a
ther
s
tation
that
gives
an
e
videnc
e
that
p
r
opos
e
d
model
ha
s
tol
e
r
a
ble
pe
r
f
o
r
manc
e
to
be
a
ppli
e
d
r
e
li
a
bly
without
int
e
r
ne
t
c
onne
c
ti
on
in
a
ny
a
r
e
a
of
I
r
a
q.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[1
]
H.
Sai
n
i
,
A.
T
h
ak
u
r,
S.
A
h
u
j
a,
N.
Sab
h
arw
al
,
N.
K
u
ma
r,
“
A
rd
u
i
n
o
ba
s
e
d
au
t
o
mat
i
c
w
i
rel
e
s
s
w
ea
t
h
er
s
t
at
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
remo
t
e
g
rap
h
i
ca
l
a
p
p
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
al
er
t
s
,
”
2
0
1
6
3
rd
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
f
er
e
n
ce
on
S
i
g
n
a
l
P
r
o
ces
s
i
n
g
a
n
d
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
ed
Net
wo
r
ks
(S
P
IN)
,
N
o
i
d
a,
p
p
.
6
0
5
-
6
0
9
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
M.
Ben
i
s
t
o
n
,
Tu
r
b
u
l
en
ce
to
cl
i
m
a
t
e:
n
u
m
e
r
i
c
a
l
i
n
ves
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
s
of
t
h
e
a
t
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
wi
t
h
a
h
i
e
r
a
r
ch
y
of
m
o
d
el
s
.
Berl
i
n
:
Sp
ri
n
g
er,
1
9
9
8
.
[3
]
T.
A.
Bl
ai
r
an
d
C.
F.
Ro
b
ert
,
“
W
ea
t
h
er
el
em
en
t
s
,”
E
n
g
l
e
w
o
o
d
Cl
i
ffs
N.
J
.
:
Pren
t
i
ce
-
H
al
l
,
1
9
6
5
.
[4
]
A
.
D
’A
u
s
i
l
i
o
,
“
A
rd
u
i
n
o
:
A
l
o
w
-
c
o
s
t
mu
l
t
i
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
l
ab
eq
u
i
p
men
t
,”
B
eh
a
v
i
o
r
re
s
e
a
r
c
h
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
v
o
l
.
44
,
n
o
.
2,
p
p
.
3
0
5
-
3
1
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[5
]
M.
Ban
zi
an
d
M
.
Sh
i
l
o
h
,
“
G
et
t
i
n
g
s
t
ar
t
ed
w
i
t
h
A
rd
u
i
n
o
:
the
o
p
e
n
s
o
u
rce
el
ect
r
o
n
i
cs
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
i
n
g
p
l
a
t
fo
rm
,”
Ma
k
er
Med
i
a,
In
c.
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
A
.
N
ay
y
ar
a
n
d
V
.
Pu
r
i
,
“
A
re
v
i
e
w
of
A
rd
u
i
n
o
b
o
ar
d
's
,
L
i
l
y
p
a
d
's
&
A
rd
u
i
n
o
s
h
i
e
l
d
s
,
”
2
0
1
6
3
rd
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
on
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
f
o
r
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
G
l
o
b
a
l
D
eve
l
o
p
m
en
t
(IND
IA
C
o
m
)
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
W.
Li
an
d
Q
.
W
an
g
,
“
Z
i
g
Bee
T
ech
n
o
l
o
g
y
an
d
It
s
A
p
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
,”
M
o
d
e
r
n
S
ci
e
n
ce
&
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
of
Tel
eco
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
1,
2
0
0
4
.
[8
]
C.
W
an
g
,
T
.
J
i
an
g
,
an
d
Q
.
Z
h
an
g
,
“
Z
i
g
Bee
n
e
t
w
o
rk
p
ro
t
o
co
l
s
an
d
ap
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
s
,”
A
u
erb
ac
h
Pu
b
l
i
ca
t
i
o
n
s
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
N
.
A
.
N
ay
an
,
I
.
A
.
M.
Ik
h
s
an
,
Y
.
T
ak
a
h
as
h
i
,
“
U
s
i
n
g
Z
i
g
Bee
Co
mmu
n
i
cat
i
o
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
a
Smart
H
o
me
W
i
re
l
es
s
Sen
s
o
r
N
e
t
w
o
rk
,
”
P
r
o
cee
d
i
n
g
s
of
S
eco
n
d
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
on
M
o
d
er
n
Tr
e
n
d
s
in
S
ci
e
n
ce,
E
n
g
i
n
eer
i
n
g
a
n
d
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
pp
.
19
-
25
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
0
]
H
.
J
ameel
a
n
d
H
.
K
areem
,
“
Low
-
c
o
s
t
E
n
er
g
y
-
E
f
fi
ci
e
n
t
Smar
t
Mo
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
Sy
s
t
em
U
s
i
n
g
O
p
en
-
s
o
u
rce
Mi
cro
c
o
n
t
ro
l
l
er
s
,
”
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
R
evi
ew
of
A
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
c
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
(I.
R
E
.
A
.
CO
.
)
,
v
o
l
.
9,
no
.
6
,
pp
.
4
2
3
-
4
2
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
S
.
P
.
T
s
en
g
,
B
.
R
.
L
i
,
J
.
L
.
Pan
,
an
d
C
.
J
.
L
i
n
,
“
An
A
p
p
l
i
cat
i
o
n
of
I
n
t
er
n
et
of
T
h
i
n
g
s
w
i
t
h
M
o
t
i
o
n
Se
n
s
i
n
g
on
S
mart
H
o
u
s
e
,
”
in
2
0
1
4
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
on
O
r
a
n
g
e
Te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
i
es
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
B
.
Bab
ara
o
an
d
S
.
Rames
h
,
“
H
o
me
E
n
er
g
y
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
Sy
s
t
em
w
i
t
h
Secu
r
i
t
y
U
s
i
n
g
Z
i
g
Bee
Co
mmu
n
i
c
at
i
o
n
,”
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
of
In
n
o
va
t
i
v
e
R
es
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
A
d
va
n
ced
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
(IJIR
A
E
)
,
v
ol
.
2
,
n
o
.
3,
pp.
2
3
4
9
-
2
1
6
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
1693
-
6930
TEL
KO
M
NI
KA
T
e
lec
omm
un
C
omput
E
l
C
ontr
o
l
,
Vol.
18
,
No
.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
2020
:
282
-
288
288
[1
3
]
Z
.
A
.
J
ab
b
ar
a
n
d
R.
S.
K
aw
i
t
k
ar
,
“
Imp
l
eme
n
t
at
i
on
of
S
mart
H
o
me
Co
n
t
r
o
l
by
U
s
i
n
g
L
o
w
Co
s
t
A
rd
u
i
n
o
&
A
n
d
ro
i
d
D
es
i
g
n
,”
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
of
A
d
v
a
n
ce
d
R
es
e
a
r
c
h
in
Co
m
p
u
t
er
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
t
i
o
n
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
,
v
ol
.
5,
n
o
.
2,
pp
.
1
5
6
-
1
6
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
H
.
J
.
H
ad
i
,
Z
.
K
.
H
u
s
s
e
i
n
,
a
n
d
W
.
M
.
L
aft
a
,
“
D
es
i
g
n
an
d
Imp
l
eme
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
Smar
t
H
o
me
A
l
arm
S
y
s
t
em
w
i
t
h
Z
i
g
b
ee
t
ran
s
cei
v
er
,”
In
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
of
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
&
Te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
ol
.
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
pp.
3
9
1
4
-
3
9
1
7
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
5
]
P
.
B.
Pat
i
l
,
R
.
R.
Pat
i
l
,
an
d
S
.
V.
Pat
i
l
,
“
H
o
me
A
u
t
o
m
at
i
o
n
Sy
s
t
em
U
s
i
n
g
A
n
d
r
o
i
d
an
d
A
rd
u
i
n
o
Bo
ar
d
,”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
of
In
n
o
va
t
i
ve
R
es
e
a
r
c
h
in
S
c
i
en
ce,
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
ol
.
5,
no.
4
,
pp
.
5
0
7
6
-
5
0
8
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
6
]
E
.
Abd
K
ad
h
i
m,
Z
.
K
.
H
u
s
s
e
i
n
,
an
d
H
.
J.
H
ad
i
,
“
AES
Cry
p
t
o
g
rap
h
y
A
l
g
o
ri
t
h
m
Bas
ed
on
In
t
e
l
l
i
g
en
t
Bl
u
m
-
Bl
u
m
-
Sh
u
b
PR
N
G
s
,”
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
of
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
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e
d
S
c
i
en
ce
s
,
v
ol
.
12
,
n
o
.
10
SI
,
pp.
9
0
3
5
-
9
0
4
0
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
7
]
D
FRo
b
o
t
,
[
O
n
l
i
n
e],
A
v
ai
l
ab
l
e
at
:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
d
fro
b
o
t
.
co
m
/
w
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k
i
/
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n
d
ex
.
p
h
p
/
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d
_
Sp
ee
d
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Se
n
s
o
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o
l
t
a
g
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T
y
p
e
(0
9
V
)
_
SK
U
:
S
E
N
0
1
7
0
.
[1
8
]
Sp
ark
f
u
n
,
[O
n
l
i
n
e],
A
v
ai
l
ab
l
e:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
l
ear
n
.
s
p
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rk
f
u
n
.
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o
m/
t
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m
p
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aro
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c
-
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res
s
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re
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s
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r
-
h
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o
k
u
p
-
[1
9
]
O
p
e
n
h
ac
k
s
.
co
m,
[O
n
l
i
n
e],
A
v
ai
l
ab
l
e:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
o
p
e
n
h
ack
s
.
co
m/
u
p
l
o
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d
s
p
ro
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/
ra
i
n
_
s
e
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s
o
r_
m
o
d
u
l
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p
d
f
.
[2
0
]
SH
A
RP
Co
r
p
o
ra
t
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o
n
G
P2
Y
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0
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U
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d
a
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eet
Sh
eet
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o
.
:
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-
A
0
1
5
0
1
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N
,
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ec
1
2
0
0
6
.
[2
1
]
Mi
cro
b
o
t
, “
D
H
T
1
1
H
u
m
i
d
i
t
y
an
d
T
emp
era
t
u
re
Se
n
s
o
r
,
”
[O
n
l
i
n
e],
A
v
ai
l
ab
l
e:
h
t
t
p
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
mi
cr
o
b
o
t
.
i
t
[2
2
]
A
d
afr
u
i
t
,
“R
eal
-
t
i
me
C
l
o
ck
B
reak
o
u
t
B
o
ar
d
K
it
,
”
[O
n
l
i
n
e],
A
v
ai
l
ab
l
e:
h
t
t
p
s
:
/
/
l
ear
n
.
ad
afru
i
t
.
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o
m/
d
s
1
3
0
7
-
rea
l
-
t
i
me
-
cl
o
c
k
-
b
rea
k
o
u
t
-
b
o
ar
d
-
k
i
t
.
[2
3
]
Y
.
S
.
Mezaa
l,
H
.
H
.
Mad
h
i
,
T
.
Abd,
S
.
K
.
K
h
al
eel
,
“
Cl
o
u
d
co
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
fo
r
cl
o
u
d
co
m
p
u
t
er
n
et
w
o
rk
s
u
s
i
n
g
c
l
o
u
d
a
n
al
y
s
t
,
”
Jo
u
r
n
a
l
of
Th
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
i
ed
In
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
Tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
96,
no
.
20,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
4
]
Y
.
S
.
Mezaal
,
L
.
N.
Y
o
u
s
i
f,
Z
.
J.
A
b
d
u
l
k
areem,
H
.
A.
Hus
s
e
i
n
,
S
.
K.
K
h
a
l
eel
,
“
Re
v
i
e
w
ab
o
u
t
effec
t
s
of
IO
T
an
d
N
an
o
-
t
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
t
ec
h
n
i
q
u
es
in
t
h
e
d
e
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