T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
, V
ol
.
1
7
,
No.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
201
9
, p
p.
2
45
1
~
2456
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
,
accr
ed
ited
F
irst
Gr
ad
e b
y K
em
en
r
istekdikti,
Decr
ee
No: 2
1/E/
K
P
T
/20
18
DOI:
10.12928/TE
LK
OM
N
IK
A
.v
1
7
i
5
.1280
6
◼
24
51
Rec
ei
v
ed
O
c
tob
er
21
,
20
1
8
; Rev
i
s
ed
M
arc
h
28
,
20
1
9
;
A
c
c
ep
ted
A
pril
18
,
20
1
9
A
C
break
do
w
n b
eha
v
i
or
o
f SF
6
/N
2
gas mi
xtu
r
es
un
d
er
non
-
u
nif
orm f
iel
d electr
od
e
con
fig
ura
tio
ns
N. F.
A
mb
o
1
, H
. Zainu
d
d
in
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2
, M
. S
. Kama
r
u
d
in
3
,
J.
M
.
W
ar
i
4
,
A
.
Zah
a
r
i
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,
1
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Hig
h
Vo
l
t
a
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n
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a
r
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a
b
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to
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c
u
l
ty
o
f
El
e
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tri
c
a
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E
n
g
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r
i
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v
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rs
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k
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M
a
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k
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l
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l
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y
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o
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El
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a
h
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-
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0
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-
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3
7
7
*C
o
rre
s
p
o
n
d
i
n
g
a
u
th
o
r,
e
-
m
a
i
l
:
h
i
d
a
y
a
t@u
te
m
.e
d
u
.m
y
Ab
strac
t
Su
l
p
h
u
r
h
e
x
a
fl
u
o
ri
d
e
(SF
6
)
g
a
s
o
wns
re
m
a
rk
a
b
l
e
p
r
o
p
e
rt
i
e
s
a
s
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
d
i
u
m
a
n
d
c
u
rre
n
t
i
n
te
rru
p
te
r,
whi
c
h
m
a
k
e
i
t
b
e
i
n
g
wid
e
l
y
u
s
e
d
i
n
g
a
s
-
i
n
s
u
l
a
te
d
e
q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
u
p
t
o
n
o
w.
How
e
v
e
r,
SF
6
g
a
s
h
a
s
a
d
ra
wba
c
k
th
a
t
g
i
v
e
s
a
d
v
e
rs
e
e
ff
e
c
t
to
th
e
e
n
v
i
ro
n
m
e
n
t
s
i
n
c
e
i
t
i
s
a
s
tr
o
n
g
g
r
e
e
n
h
o
u
s
e
g
a
s
.
As
th
e
e
ff
o
r
t
to
m
i
n
i
m
i
z
e
th
e
SF
6
u
s
a
g
e
,
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
wa
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
te
d
to
i
n
v
e
s
ti
g
a
te
th
e
AC
b
r
e
a
k
d
o
wn
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
o
f
SF
6
/N
2
g
a
s
m
i
x
tu
re
s
wit
h
1
0
/9
0
r
a
ti
o
a
t
l
o
w
p
re
s
s
u
re
l
e
v
e
l
s
(i
.e
.
0
.
1
1
M
Pa
to
0
.1
5
M
Pa
)
u
n
d
e
r
non
-
u
n
i
fo
rm
fi
e
l
d
(i
.e
.
R0.
5
-
p
l
a
n
e
a
n
d
R6
-
p
l
a
n
e
e
l
e
c
tro
d
e
s
c
o
n
fi
g
u
r
a
ti
o
n
s
).
Th
e
re
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
i
n
d
i
c
a
te
th
a
t
th
e
b
r
e
a
k
d
o
wn
v
o
l
ta
g
e
o
f
SF
6
/N
2
g
a
s
m
i
x
t
u
re
s
i
n
n
o
n
-
u
n
i
fo
r
m
fi
e
l
d
i
n
c
re
a
s
e
s
l
i
n
e
a
r
l
y
w
i
th
th
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
o
f
g
a
s
p
re
s
s
u
re
a
n
d
e
l
e
c
tr
o
d
e
s
g
a
p
d
i
s
ta
n
c
e
.
A
s
a
fu
n
c
ti
o
n
o
f
g
a
p
d
i
s
ta
n
c
e
,
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
i
n
c
re
a
s
i
n
g
ra
te
o
f
b
re
a
k
d
o
wn
v
o
l
ta
g
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
we
re
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
d
a
t
l
o
wes
t
p
r
e
s
s
u
re
o
f
0
.
1
1
M
Pa
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
to
o
th
e
r
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
l
e
v
e
l
s
.
I
n
a
d
d
i
ti
o
n
,
i
t
i
s
a
l
s
o
fo
u
n
d
th
a
t
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
b
re
a
k
d
o
wn
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
was
o
b
ta
i
n
e
d
u
n
d
e
r
R6
-
p
l
a
n
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
.
Bu
t,
th
e
d
i
ff
e
r
e
n
c
e
i
n
b
re
a
k
d
o
wn
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
b
e
twe
e
n
R0.
5
-
p
l
a
n
e
a
n
d
R6
-
p
l
a
n
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
i
s
l
e
s
s
s
i
g
n
i
fi
c
a
n
t
a
s
th
e
g
a
p
d
i
s
ta
n
c
e
i
s
i
n
c
re
a
s
e
d
.
It
i
s
a
l
s
o
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
th
a
t
th
e
fi
e
l
d
e
ff
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
fa
c
to
r
o
f
R6
-
p
l
a
n
e
i
s
h
i
g
h
e
r
th
a
n
R0.
5
-
p
l
a
n
e
wh
i
c
h
i
n
d
i
c
a
te
s
a
m
o
re
u
n
i
f
o
rm
fi
e
l
d
e
x
i
s
ts
b
e
tw
e
e
n
th
e
e
l
e
c
tr
o
d
e
s
.
Key
w
ords
:
AC
b
re
a
k
d
o
wn
v
o
l
ta
g
e
,
g
a
s
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
,
n
o
n
-
u
n
i
fo
rm
f
i
e
l
d
,
SF
6
/N
2
g
a
s
m
i
x
tu
re
s
,
s
u
l
p
h
u
r
h
e
x
a
fl
u
o
ri
d
e
Copy
righ
t
©
2
0
1
9
Uni
v
e
rsi
t
a
s
Ahm
a
d
D
a
hl
a
n.
All
rig
ht
s
r
e
s
e
rve
d
.
1.
Int
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
S
ul
ph
ur
he
x
a
f
l
uo
r
i
de
(
S
F
6
)
ga
s
i
s
an
el
e
c
t
r
on
eg
a
ti
v
e
ga
s
tha
t
i
s
w
i
de
l
y
us
ed
as
the
p
r
i
m
ary
i
ns
ul
ato
r
an
d/o
r
a
r
c
qu
en
c
he
r
i
n
hi
gh
v
ol
t
ag
e
eq
ui
p
m
en
t
s
uc
h
a
s
s
w
i
tc
hg
ea
r
s
[1
-
5]
.
SF
6
ga
s
al
s
o
att
r
i
bu
t
es
c
ol
orle
s
s
,
no
n
-
c
o
m
bu
s
ti
bl
e,
no
n
-
to
x
i
c
an
d
the
r
m
al
l
y
s
tea
dy
properti
es
i
n
i
ts
p
ure
s
tat
e.
How
ev
er,
de
s
pi
te
i
ts
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
,
S
F
6
g
as
i
s
c
a
teg
oriz
ed
as
on
e
o
f
th
e
g
r
ee
nh
ou
s
e
ga
s
e
s
thu
s
,
l
ea
ds
to
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
t
al
c
on
c
er
ns
[6
,
7
].
A
c
c
ordi
ng
to
the
f
i
fth
as
s
e
s
s
m
en
t
r
ep
o
r
t
o
f
Int
ergov
e
r
n
m
en
tal
P
an
el
on
Cl
i
m
ate
Chan
ge
(
IP
C
C)
i
n
20
14
,
S
F
6
ha
s
a
gl
ob
al
w
ar
m
i
ng
po
ten
ti
al
s
(
G
W
P
)
v
al
ue
o
f
23
,
5
00
ti
m
e
s
grea
ter
tha
n
c
a
r
bo
n
di
o
x
i
de
(
C
O
2
)
ov
er
a
pe
r
i
od
o
f
10
0
y
ea
r
s
[8]
.
Me
an
w
hi
l
e,
i
n
the
ev
en
t
o
f
el
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
di
s
c
ha
r
ge
s
,
th
e
by
produc
ts
o
f
S
F
6
m
ol
e
c
ul
e
s
are
hi
gh
l
y
tox
i
c
an
d
c
o
r
r
o
s
i
v
e
(
e.g
.
S
2
F
10
an
d
S
O
F
2
)
[
9,
10].
Unti
l
r
e
c
en
tl
y
,
v
ario
us
ga
s
m
i
x
tu
r
e
s
ha
v
e
be
en
c
on
s
i
de
r
ed
to
r
ep
l
a
c
e
or
m
i
ni
m
i
z
e
the
us
a
ge
o
f
pu
r
e
S
F
6
i
n
hi
gh
v
ol
tag
e
eq
ui
p
m
en
t [1
1
-
17
],
w
hi
c
h i
n
l
i
ne
w
i
th
the
r
eq
ui
r
e
m
en
t l
i
s
ted
i
n K
y
oto
P
r
oto
c
ol
19
97
as
th
e
e
ff
o
r
t
to
r
ed
u
c
e
g
r
ee
nh
ou
s
e
ga
s
e
mi
s
s
i
on
s
[18
]
.
O
ne
o
f
the
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
ng
s
ub
s
ti
tu
tes
i
s
S
F
6
/N
2
ga
s
m
i
x
ture
s
;
ow
ni
ng
to
l
ow
c
os
t
,
un
l
i
m
i
ted
r
e
s
ou
r
c
e
s
an
d
r
e
m
ar
k
ab
l
e
s
y
ne
r
gi
s
ti
c
e
ff
e
c
t
on
the
di
el
ec
t
r
i
c
c
ha
r
ac
teri
s
ti
c
s
[19
-
21
]
.
P
r
e
v
i
ou
s
s
tud
y
s
ho
w
s
tha
t
S
F
6
/N
2
m
i
x
tu
r
e
s
o
ffe
r
ap
pr
ec
i
a
bl
e
brea
k
do
w
n
prope
r
ti
e
s
ev
en
at
l
ow
S
F
6
c
on
ten
ts
[13
-
16
].
How
ev
er,
m
o
s
t
o
f
the
prev
i
ou
s
s
tud
i
es
f
o
c
u
s
ed
on
the
brea
k
do
w
n
c
ha
r
a
c
teri
s
t
i
c
s
a
t
hi
gh
an
d
w
i
de
r
an
ge
of
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
l
ev
el
s
,
i
.e.
u
p
to
0.7
MP
a
,
de
pe
nd
i
ng
on
the
w
or
k
i
ng
pres
s
u
r
e
o
f
ga
s
-
i
ns
ul
a
te
d
ap
pl
i
c
ati
on
s
.
T
he
r
ef
ore,
i
n
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
,
the
break
do
w
n
be
ha
v
i
or
of
S
F
6
/N
2
ga
s
m
i
x
tures
s
ub
j
ec
ted
to
A
C
s
tr
es
s
w
as
c
on
d
uc
ted
i
ns
i
de
a
pres
s
ure
v
es
s
el
f
or
v
ari
ou
s
ga
s
pres
s
ure
a
nd
el
ec
tr
od
e
g
ap
di
s
ta
nc
es
u
nd
er
no
n
-
un
i
f
orm
f
i
el
d.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
20
19
:
24
5
1
-
24
56
2452
T
he
f
oc
us
o
f
i
nte
r
es
t
i
s
g
i
v
en
on
the
s
m
al
l
pres
s
ure
r
an
ge
(
i
.e.
0.1
1
M
P
a
to
0.1
5
MP
a)
w
hi
c
h
no
r
m
al
l
y
us
e
d f
or r
i
ng
m
ai
n
un
i
t (R
MU)
s
wi
tc
hg
e
ar ap
p
l
i
c
at
i
on
.
2.
R
es
e
ar
ch
M
eth
o
d
2.1
.
E
xpe
r
imen
t
a
l S
etu
p
In
order
to
i
n
v
es
t
i
ga
te
the
break
do
wn
be
h
av
i
or
of
S
F
6
/N
2
ga
s
m
i
x
tures
,
a
s
eri
es
of
A
C
break
do
wn
tes
t
w
as
c
o
nd
uc
te
d
i
ns
i
de
a
c
us
to
m
m
ad
e
pres
s
ure
v
es
s
el
[2
2
]
,
w
h
ere
the
ex
p
erim
en
tal
s
e
tup
i
s
s
ho
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
ure
1
.
T
he
pres
s
ure
v
es
s
e
l
w
as
de
s
i
g
ne
d
wi
th
a
v
o
l
um
e
c
ap
ac
i
t
y
of
20
5
l
i
t
ers
an
d
t
he
m
ax
i
m
u
m
w
i
t
hs
tan
d
v
ol
tag
e
i
s
7
0
k
V
/m
i
n.
In
th
i
s
s
tud
y
,
the
tes
t
proc
ed
ures
of
A
C
break
do
wn
v
ol
tag
e
tes
t
are
c
om
pl
i
ed
w
i
t
h
B
S
E
N
60
06
0
-
1
s
tan
da
r
d
[2
3]
.
F
or
the
p
urpos
e
of
s
tat
i
s
ti
c
al
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
a
m
i
ni
m
u
m
of
30
c
on
s
ec
uti
v
es
bre
ak
do
wn
da
t
a
w
as
tak
en
f
or
ea
c
h
SF
6
/N
2
ga
s
m
i
x
tures
tes
ts
.
T
hrough
ou
t
thi
s
s
tud
y
,
th
e
A
C
break
do
w
n
be
h
av
i
or
SF
6
/N
2
g
as
m
i
x
tures
w
as
ex
am
i
ne
d
un
d
er
no
n
-
u
ni
f
orm
f
i
el
d
f
or
v
ario
us
g
as
pres
s
ure
an
d
el
ec
tr
od
e
g
ap
di
s
ta
nc
e.
T
he
SF
6
/N
2
g
as
m
i
x
ture
r
ati
o
was
f
i
x
ed
to
1
0
/90
,
w
h
i
l
e
the
tot
a
l
g
as
pres
s
ure
i
s
v
arie
d
at
s
m
a
l
l
r
an
ge
(
i
.e.
0.1
1
M
P
a
t
o
0.1
5
M
P
a
w
i
t
h
0.0
1
MP
a
i
nte
r
v
a
l
).
T
o
r
ep
r
es
en
ts
di
f
f
erent
no
n
-
u
ni
f
orm
f
i
el
d
c
o
nd
i
ti
o
n
,
t
w
o
t
y
p
es
of
e
l
ec
tr
od
es
c
on
f
i
gu
r
ati
on
s
wer
e
us
ed
;
R0
.5
-
p
l
an
e
an
d
R6
-
p
l
an
e
c
on
f
i
g
urat
i
on
s
(
r
ef
er
to
F
i
gu
r
e
1).
T
he
hi
g
h
v
ol
t
ag
e
el
ec
tr
od
es
of
R0.5
a
nd
R
6
h
av
e
a
t
i
p
r
a
d
i
us
of
0.5
m
m
an
d
6
m
m
,
r
es
pe
c
ti
v
e
l
y
,
w
h
i
l
e
the
grou
nd
e
l
ec
tr
od
e
of
pl
a
ne
h
as
a
5
0
m
m
r
ad
i
us
.
T
he
ga
p
d
i
s
tan
c
e
s
b
et
w
e
en
the
h
i
g
h
v
ol
t
ag
e
an
d
gro
un
d
el
ec
tr
od
e
i
s
v
ari
ed
f
r
om
5
m
m
to
25
mm.
2.2.
E
xpe
r
imen
t
a
l M
eth
o
d
T
he
S
F
6
/N
2
g
as
m
i
x
ture
i
s
prepared
ac
c
ordi
ng
to
Dal
t
on
’
s
La
w
as
s
ho
w
n
i
n
(
1).
T
he
eq
ua
t
i
on
de
s
c
r
i
be
s
t
ha
t
the
to
tal
pres
s
ure
of
the
ga
s
m
i
x
ture
i
s
eq
ua
l
to
t
he
s
u
m
of
pa
r
ti
al
pres
s
ures
of
i
ts
i
n
di
v
i
du
a
l
(
pu
r
e)
ga
s
es
[24]
.
F
or
i
ns
ta
nc
e,
at
0.1
0
M
P
a
an
d
S
F
6
/N
2
(
10
/9
0
)
g
as
m
i
x
tures
r
ati
o,
th
e p
arti
a
l
pr
es
s
ure of
S
F
6
a
nd
N
2
i
s
0.
0
1 M
P
a
an
d
0.
0
9 M
P
a
,
c
orr
e
s
po
nd
i
ng
l
y
.
In
thi
s
c
as
e,
th
e
pres
s
ure
v
e
s
s
el
was
f
i
l
l
ed
i
n
wi
th
t
he
l
o
w
ga
s
c
on
te
nt
of
SF
6
whi
c
h
i
s
10
%,
f
ol
l
o
w
e
d
b
y
th
e
oth
er
90
%
of
N
2
g
as
.
T
he
SF
6
/N
2
ga
s
m
i
x
ture
i
s
the
n
l
ef
t
f
or
24
h
ou
r
s
to
en
s
ur
e
a u
n
i
f
or
m
ga
s
m
i
x
ture
be
f
ore c
on
d
uc
ti
n
g t
h
e A
C bre
ak
do
w
n
v
o
l
ta
ge
t
es
t
[1
3
,
1
4].
6
/
2
=
6
+
2
(
1)
F
i
gu
r
e
1.
E
x
pe
r
i
m
en
tal
s
etu
p f
or AC
v
ol
tag
e g
e
ne
r
at
i
o
n
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
A
C bre
ak
do
w
n b
e
ha
v
i
or of
S
F
6
/N
2
ga
s
m
i
x
tures
u
nd
er
no
n
-
u
ni
f
orm f
i
el
d..
. (H
.
Zai
n
ud
d
i
n)
2453
3.
R
e
s
u
lt
s
a
nd
A
n
al
ys
is
3.1
.
A
C
Br
ea
kdo
w
n
V
o
lt
a
g
e Dis
t
r
ibu
t
ion
of
S
F
6
/N
2
G
as
M
ixtu
r
es
F
i
gu
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
the
3
D
v
i
s
ua
l
i
z
ati
on
p
l
ot
f
or
m
ea
n
A
C
break
do
wn
v
o
l
ta
ge
,
U
a
of
S
F
6
/N
2
ga
s
m
i
x
tures
as
a
f
un
c
ti
on
of
ga
s
pres
s
ure
(
i
.e.
0
.11
MP
a
to
0.
15
MP
a)
an
d
el
ec
tr
od
es
ga
p
di
s
tan
c
es
(
i
.e.
5
m
m
to
25
m
m
)
un
de
r
R0.5
-
pl
a
ne
an
d
R6
-
p
l
an
e
c
on
f
i
g
urat
i
on
.
B
y
r
ef
err
i
ng
t
o
F
i
gu
r
e
2,
t
he
di
s
tr
i
b
uti
on
s
of
U
a
v
a
l
ue
s
at
S
F
6
/N
2
(
1
0/9
0)
g
as
m
i
x
tures
r
ati
o
i
s
pres
en
t
ed
as
the
prob
ab
i
l
i
t
y
of
bre
ak
do
wn
e
v
e
nt
tha
t
oc
c
ur
at
c
er
tai
n
v
ol
tag
e
r
a
ng
e.
A
c
c
ordi
ng
t
o
F
i
gu
r
e
2
,
the
U
a
v
al
ue
s
of
S
F
6
/N
2
ga
s
m
i
x
tures
un
de
r
R0.
5
-
pl
a
ne
an
d
R6
-
p
l
a
ne
c
o
nf
i
gu
r
ati
on
s
are
c
l
as
s
i
f
i
ed
i
nt
o
f
ou
r
v
o
l
tag
e
r
an
ge
s
(
i
n
k
V
)
;
10
-
20
,
2
0
-
30
,
30
-
4
0
an
d
40
-
5
0.
It
i
s
no
ti
c
ed
th
at
bo
th
el
ec
tr
od
e
c
on
f
i
g
urati
on
s
h
a
v
e
t
he
l
o
w
es
t
U
a
v
al
u
es
at
10
-
20
k
V
,
w
h
i
l
e
the
hi
gh
es
t
U
a
v
a
l
u
es
are
at
40
-
5
0
k
V
.
Howev
er,
t
he
di
s
tr
i
bu
t
i
o
n
pe
r
c
en
t
ag
es
of
U
a
v
al
u
es
un
d
er
bo
th
e
l
ec
tr
o
de
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
on
s
s
e
em
di
f
f
ere
n
t
at
a
l
l
v
o
l
ta
ge
r
an
g
es
.
F
or
i
ns
ta
nc
e,
t
he
prob
ab
i
l
i
t
y
of
the
l
o
wes
t
an
d
th
e
hi
g
he
s
t
U
a
v
al
u
es
un
de
r
R0.
5
-
pl
an
e
c
o
nf
i
gu
r
ati
o
n
are
20
%
a
nd
8%,
r
e
s
pe
c
ti
v
el
y
.
B
ut,
as
R6
-
p
l
an
e
c
on
f
i
g
urat
i
on
i
s
us
ed
,
the
prob
ab
i
l
i
t
y
of
t
he
l
o
wes
t
U
a
v
a
l
u
es
de
c
r
e
as
es
f
r
o
m
20
%
t
o
4%
,
whereas
the
pro
ba
b
i
l
i
t
y
of
th
e
hi
g
he
s
t
U
a
v
a
l
ue
s
i
nc
r
ea
s
es
f
r
om
8%
to
16
%.
T
hi
s
s
ho
w
s
tha
t
t
he
us
e
of
R6
-
p
l
a
ne
c
o
nf
i
gu
r
ati
on
ha
s
c
au
s
e
d
m
ore
break
do
w
n
e
v
en
t
oc
c
ur
a
t
hi
gh
v
o
l
ta
ge
r
an
ge
(
i
.
e.
at
4
0
-
50
k
V
)
,
whi
c
h
m
ai
nl
y
du
e
t
o
i
ts
h
i
gh
e
l
ec
tr
i
c
f
i
el
d
u
n
i
f
or
m
i
t
y
c
o
m
pa
r
ed
to
R0.5
-
p
l
an
e c
on
f
i
g
urati
on
.
F
i
gu
r
e
2.
3
D v
i
s
ua
l
i
z
at
i
o
n p
l
ot
f
or m
ea
n A
C br
ea
k
do
wn
v
o
l
ta
ge
of
S
F
6
/N
2
(
10
/90
)
g
as
m
i
x
tures
un
de
r
di
f
f
erent e
l
ec
tr
od
e
c
o
nf
i
gu
r
ati
on
3.
2
.
E
f
f
ec
t
of
G
ap Di
stan
c
e to
t
h
e
A
C B
r
ea
kdo
w
n
V
o
lt
age
A
s
d
ep
i
c
t
ed
i
n
F
i
gu
r
e
3
,
f
urther
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
h
as
b
ee
n
d
on
e
o
n
the
ef
f
ec
t
of
el
ec
tr
od
e
s
ga
p
di
s
tan
c
e
t
o
t
he
U
a
v
al
ue
s
of
S
F
6
/N
2
ga
s
m
i
x
tures
at
v
ari
ou
s
ga
s
pres
s
ures
un
de
r
d
i
f
f
erent
el
ec
tr
od
e
c
o
nf
i
gu
r
at
i
on
s
;
R0.5
-
p
l
an
e
a
nd
R6
pl
an
e
.
It
i
s
f
ou
nd
th
at
t
he
U
a
v
al
u
es
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
l
i
n
ea
r
l
y
as
t
he
ga
p
di
s
ta
nc
e
be
t
wee
n
th
e
e
l
ec
tr
od
es
are
i
nc
r
e
as
ed
f
r
om
5
m
m
t
o
25
m
m
.
F
or
R0.5
-
p
l
an
e
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
o
n,
t
he
U
a
v
al
u
es
of
S
F
6
/N
2
(
10
/90
)
m
i
x
tures
at
0.1
1
MP
a
an
d
0.
15
M
P
a
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
b
y
13
4.7
%
a
nd
9
9.0
%,
r
es
pe
c
t
i
v
el
y
,
as
the
el
ec
tr
od
es
ga
p
d
i
s
tan
c
es
i
s
v
arie
d
f
r
om
5
m
m
to
25
m
m
.
A
t
t
he
s
am
e
pres
s
ure
l
e
v
e
l
,
t
he
i
n
c
r
ea
s
i
ng
r
ate
s
of
U
a
v
al
ue
s
f
or
R6
-
pl
a
ne
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
on
are
78
.
7%
an
d
70
.
3%,
r
es
p
ec
ti
v
e
l
y
.
It
c
an
be
s
e
en
tha
t
f
or
bo
th
el
ec
tr
od
e
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
on
s
,
t
he
i
nc
r
ea
s
i
ng
r
ate
of
U
a
v
al
ue
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
as
th
e
pres
s
ure
are
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
0.1
1
M
P
a
t
o
0.1
5
M
P
a.
T
ha
t
i
s
to
s
a
y
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
of
el
ec
tr
od
es
ga
p
di
s
ta
n
c
e
i
n
af
f
ec
ti
ng
the
U
a
v
al
ue
s
i
s
m
ore
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
at
0.1
1
M
P
a.
M
e
an
w
h
i
l
e,
as
a
f
un
c
ti
on
of
pres
s
ure,
i
t
i
s
ob
s
erv
e
d
th
at
th
ere
i
s
n
ot
m
uc
h
di
f
f
erenc
e
i
n
U
a
v
a
l
ue
s
u
nd
er
R
0.5
-
p
l
an
e
c
o
nf
i
gu
r
ati
on
as
the
pres
s
ure
i
s
i
nc
r
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
0.1
1
M
P
a
to
0.
15
M
P
a,
es
p
ec
i
a
l
l
y
at
2
5
m
m
el
ec
tr
od
es
ga
p
di
s
tan
c
e
, c
om
pa
r
ed
to
R
6
-
pl
a
ne
c
on
f
i
g
urat
i
on
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
20
19
:
24
5
1
-
24
56
2454
F
i
gu
r
e
3.
M
ea
n A
C
break
do
w
n
v
o
l
tag
e o
f
S
F
6
/N
2
g
as
m
i
x
tures
as
a
f
un
c
ti
on
of
ga
p d
i
s
t
an
c
e
un
de
r
di
f
f
erent e
l
ec
tr
od
e
c
o
nf
i
gu
r
ati
on
3.
3
.
E
f
f
ec
t
of
G
as
P
r
es
su
r
e to
t
h
e
A
C B
r
ea
kdo
w
n
V
o
lt
age
F
i
gu
r
e
4
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
U
a
v
a
l
ue
s
of
S
F
6
/N
2
g
as
m
i
x
tures
as
a
f
un
c
ti
on
of
pres
s
ure
f
or
t
w
o
di
f
f
erent
el
ec
tr
od
e
c
on
f
i
gu
r
ati
on
;
R0.5
-
p
l
a
ne
an
d
R6
-
pl
an
e.
F
or
a
c
om
pa
r
i
s
on
pu
r
po
s
e,
th
i
s
s
ec
ti
on
wi
l
l
f
oc
us
on
l
y
at
10
m
m
an
d
20
m
m
el
ec
tr
od
es
ga
p
d
i
s
tan
c
e.
A
s
on
e
c
an
ex
pe
c
t,
t
he
U
a
v
a
l
ue
s
of
S
F
6
/N
2
g
as
m
i
x
tures
un
d
er
R6
-
p
l
an
e
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
o
n
are
hi
gh
er
t
h
an
R0
.5
-
p
l
an
e
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
on
f
or
a
l
l
pres
s
ure
an
d
b
oth
el
ec
tr
od
es
ga
p
di
s
ta
nc
es
.
Ho
we
v
er,
i
t
i
s
f
ou
nd
tha
t
the
d
i
f
f
erenc
e
i
n
U
a
v
a
l
u
es
be
t
w
e
en
bo
th
el
ec
tr
od
es
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
o
ns
i
s
m
ore
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
at
10
mm
ga
p
d
i
s
tan
c
e
f
or
al
l
pres
s
u
r
e.
A
t
0.
11
M
P
a,
t
he
U
a
v
a
l
ue
s
d
i
f
f
er
ab
ou
t
33
.6
%.
B
ut,
as
the
g
ap
di
s
tan
c
e
i
s
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
d
t
o
20
m
m
,
the
ef
f
ec
t
of
el
ec
tr
od
e
c
on
f
i
g
urati
on
s
i
n
af
f
ec
ti
ng
th
e
U
a
v
al
ue
s
i
s
w
ea
k
en
,
where
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
c
e
i
n
U
a
v
a
l
ue
s
r
ed
uc
e
to
4.1
%
.
F
r
om
oth
er
po
i
nt
of
v
i
e
w
,
i
t
c
a
n
be
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
U
a
v
a
l
ue
s
un
de
r
R0.
5
-
pl
an
e
c
o
nf
i
gu
r
at
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
20
m
m
ga
p
i
s
a
l
m
o
s
t
i
de
n
ti
c
a
l
to
R6
-
pl
an
e c
o
nf
i
gu
r
at
i
o
n
w
i
th
10
m
m
ga
p,
es
pe
c
i
al
l
y
wh
en
th
e
pres
s
ure
i
s
ab
ov
e 0
.
13
M
P
a.
F
i
gu
r
e
4.
C
om
pa
r
i
s
on
of
A
C break
do
w
n
v
o
l
ta
ge
of
S
F
6
/N
2
ga
s
m
i
x
tures
i
n
di
f
f
erent e
l
ec
tr
o
de
c
o
nf
i
gu
r
ati
o
n
3.
4
.
E
f
f
ec
t
of
E
l
ec
t
r
o
d
e
C
o
n
f
igu
r
atio
n
s to
t
h
e E
l
ec
t
r
ic
F
i
eld Beh
av
ior
F
i
gu
r
e
5
s
ho
w
s
th
e
f
i
el
d
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
f
ac
tor
of
R0.5
-
pl
an
e
an
d
R6
-
p
l
a
ne
e
l
e
c
tr
od
e
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
on
s
at
a
pres
s
ur
e
of
0.1
1
MP
a
an
d
v
ari
ou
s
ga
p
d
i
s
tan
c
es
.
T
he
f
i
el
d
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
f
ac
tor,
η
i
s
c
al
c
u
l
at
ed
us
i
n
g
(
2),
where
t
he
a
v
era
ge
el
ec
tr
i
c
f
i
el
d,
E
mea
n
f
or
bo
th
e
l
ec
tr
o
d
e
c
on
f
i
g
urati
on
s
are
c
al
c
ul
ate
d
us
i
n
g
(
3),
whi
l
e
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
el
ec
tr
i
c
f
i
el
d,
E
ma
x
f
or
R0.5
-
p
l
a
n
e
an
d
R
6
-
pl
an
e
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
on
s
are
c
a
l
c
ul
ate
d
us
i
n
g
(
4)
an
d
(
5),
r
es
pe
c
t
i
v
el
y
[2
5].
T
o
no
te,
i
s
the
g
ap
d
i
s
tan
c
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
IS
S
N: 1
69
3
-
6
93
0
◼
A
C bre
ak
do
w
n b
e
ha
v
i
or of
S
F
6
/N
2
ga
s
m
i
x
tures
u
nd
er
no
n
-
u
ni
f
orm f
i
el
d..
. (H
.
Zai
n
ud
d
i
n)
2455
be
t
w
e
en
hi
gh
v
o
l
ta
ge
an
d
groun
d
e
l
ec
tr
o
de
s
,
w
h
i
l
e
i
s
th
e
t
i
p
r
a
di
us
of
the
hi
g
h
v
o
l
tag
e
el
ec
tr
od
e.
T
he
η
v
al
ue
i
n
di
c
ate
s
th
e
un
i
f
orm
i
t
y
of
el
ec
tr
i
c
f
i
el
d
be
t
ween
th
e
el
ec
tr
od
es
where
i
ts
v
a
l
ue
l
i
es
be
t
w
ee
n
0
to
1.
T
he
c
l
os
er
the
v
al
u
e
of
η
to
1,
the
m
ore
un
i
f
orm
th
e
el
ec
tr
i
c
f
i
el
d
ex
i
s
ts
be
t
w
e
en
th
e
el
ec
tr
o
de
s
.
B
as
e
d
on
F
i
gu
r
e
5,
i
t
c
an
be
s
ee
n
t
ha
t
t
he
v
al
ue
of
η
un
d
er
R6
-
pl
an
e
i
s
hi
gh
er
th
an
R0
.5
-
pl
a
ne
at
a
l
l
ga
p
di
s
ta
nc
es
.
Me
an
whi
l
e,
a
de
c
r
e
as
i
ng
pa
tt
ern
of
η
v
a
l
ue
s
are
ob
s
erv
ed
f
or
b
ot
h
e
l
ec
tr
od
e
c
on
f
i
g
urat
i
on
s
as
the
ga
p
di
s
ta
nc
es
are
i
n
c
r
ea
s
ed
w
h
i
c
h
s
ug
ge
s
ti
ng
a m
ore no
n
-
un
i
f
orm
f
i
el
d e
x
i
s
ts
b
et
w
e
en
t
h
e e
l
ec
tr
od
es
.
η
=
(
2)
=
(
3)
=
2
(
4
)
(
4)
=
0
.
9
+
(
5)
F
i
gu
r
e
5.
F
i
el
d
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
f
a
c
tor of
S
F
6
/N
2
g
as
m
i
x
tures
as
a
f
un
c
ti
o
n o
f
ga
p d
i
s
tan
c
e u
nd
er
di
f
f
erent e
l
ec
tr
o
de
c
o
nf
i
gu
r
ati
o
ns
4.
Co
n
clus
ion
In
th
i
s
s
tud
y
,
a
bre
ak
do
wn
tes
t
s
ub
j
ec
ted
t
o
A
C
v
o
l
ta
g
e
w
ere
c
on
du
c
te
d
on
t
he
S
F
6
/N
2
ga
s
m
i
x
tures
f
or
v
ari
ou
s
g
as
m
i
x
ture
r
ati
o
,
ga
s
pr
es
s
ure,
a
nd
el
ec
tr
od
e
g
ap
di
s
tan
c
e,
un
d
er
R0.5
-
p
l
an
e
an
d
R6
-
p
l
an
e
el
ec
tr
od
e
c
on
f
i
gu
r
a
ti
on
s
.
T
he
am
ou
nt
of
S
F
6
was
s
et
to
10
%,
w
h
i
l
e
t
he
pres
s
ure
l
ev
el
s
wer
e
v
arie
d
at
s
m
al
l
r
an
g
e
of
0.
1
1
M
P
a
to
0.1
5
M
P
a.
M
ea
n
whi
l
e,
the
ga
p
di
s
tan
c
es
be
t
wee
n
th
e
e
l
e
c
tr
od
es
w
ere
s
et
at
5
m
m
to
2
5
m
m
w
i
th
5
m
m
i
nte
r
v
al
.
T
he
r
es
u
l
ts
s
ho
w
tha
t
,
f
or
bo
th
e
l
ec
tr
o
de
s
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
on
s
,
t
he
m
ea
n
A
C
break
do
w
n
v
ol
t
ag
e,
U
a
of
S
F
6
/N
2
ga
s
m
i
x
tures
i
nc
r
ea
s
es
as
the
pres
s
ure
a
nd
e
l
ec
tr
od
e
s
ga
p
di
s
t
an
c
es
are
i
nc
r
ea
s
ed
.
It
i
s
a
l
s
o
ob
s
erv
e
d
t
ha
t
t
he
ef
f
ec
t
of
el
ec
tr
o
de
s
g
ap
d
i
s
tan
c
e
i
s
m
ore
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
at
l
o
we
s
t
pres
s
ure
of
0.1
1
M
P
a
c
om
pa
r
ed
to
oth
er
pres
s
ure
l
ev
el
s
.
A
l
t
ho
ug
h
the
U
a
v
a
l
u
es
un
de
r
R6
-
pl
an
e
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
on
i
s
h
i
gh
er
th
a
n
R0.
5
-
pl
an
e
c
o
nf
i
gu
r
at
i
o
n,
bu
t,
the
di
f
f
erenc
e
i
n
U
a
v
al
u
es
be
t
wee
n
the
s
e
e
l
ec
tr
od
es
c
on
f
i
gu
r
at
i
on
i
s
l
es
s
s
i
gn
i
f
i
c
an
t
as
th
e
ga
p
di
s
ta
nc
e
i
s
i
nc
r
ea
s
e
d.
In
a
dd
i
ti
o
n,
i
t
i
s
f
ou
nd
tha
t
th
e
f
i
e
l
d
ef
f
i
c
i
en
c
y
f
ac
tor
v
a
l
ue
u
nd
er
R6
-
p
l
an
e
i
s
hi
gh
er
tha
n
R0.5
-
p
l
an
e c
on
f
i
g
urat
i
on
s
.
Ref
er
en
ce
s
[1
]
A
Had
d
a
d
,
D
W
a
r
n
e
.
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
Hig
h
Vo
l
ta
g
e
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
.
1
st
e
d
.
Uni
t
e
d
Ki
n
g
d
o
m
.
T
h
e
In
s
ti
tu
ti
o
n
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
2004.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
◼
IS
S
N: 16
93
-
6
93
0
T
E
L
KO
M
NIK
A
V
ol
.
1
7
,
No
.
5
,
O
c
tob
er
20
19
:
24
5
1
-
24
56
2456
[2
]
A
Be
ro
u
a
l
,
A
Ha
d
d
a
d
.
Rec
e
n
t
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
th
e
Q
u
e
s
t
fo
r
a
N
e
w
In
s
u
l
a
ti
o
n
G
a
s
w
i
th
a
L
o
w
Im
p
a
c
t
o
n
th
e
En
v
i
ro
n
m
e
n
t
to
Re
p
l
a
c
e
Su
l
p
h
u
r
Hex
a
fl
u
o
ri
d
e
(SF6
)
G
a
s
i
n
Hig
h
-
Vo
l
ta
g
e
Po
w
e
r
Net
w
o
rk
Ap
p
l
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
.
En
e
r
g
i
e
s
.
2
0
1
7
;
1
0
(8
):
1
2
1
6
.
[3
]
L
G
Chri
s
to
p
h
o
ro
u
,
J
K
O
l
th
o
f
f,
DS
G
re
e
n
.
G
a
s
e
s
f
o
r
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
In
s
u
l
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Ar
c
In
t
e
rru
p
ti
o
n
:
Po
s
s
i
b
l
e
Pre
s
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n
t
a
n
d
Fu
t
u
re
Al
te
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a
ti
v
e
s
t
o
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u
re
SF6
.
NI
ST
T
e
c
h
.
Not
e
1
4
2
5
,
Nat
l
.
I
n
s
t.
S
ta
n
d
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
1
9
9
7
.
[4
]
D
Ko
c
h
.
SF6
Pr
o
p
e
rt
i
e
s
,
a
n
d
Us
e
i
n
M
V
a
n
d
HV
Sw
i
tc
h
g
e
a
r
.
Cas
h
i
e
r
T
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
S
c
h
n
e
i
d
e
r
El
e
c
t
ri
c
2003
;
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.
[5
]
S
X
i
a
o
.
e
t.
a
l
.
A
Rev
i
e
w
o
n
SF6
Su
b
s
ti
t
u
te
G
a
s
e
s
a
n
d
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
St
a
tu
s
o
f
CF
3
I
G
a
s
e
s
.
En
e
r
g
y
Rep
o
rts
.
2
0
1
8
;
4
:
4
8
6
-
496
.
[6
]
L
G
Chri
s
t
o
p
h
o
ro
u
,
RJ
V
a
n
Br
u
n
t
.
SF
6
/N2
m
i
x
tu
re
s
:
b
a
s
i
c
a
n
d
HV
i
n
s
u
l
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t
i
o
n
p
ro
p
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rti
e
s
.
I
EEE
Tra
n
s
.
Die
l
e
c
tr.
El
e
c
tr
.
In
s
u
l
.
1
9
9
5
;
2
(
5
):
952
–
1
0
0
3
.
[7
]
L
Ni
e
m
e
y
e
r
,
FY
Ch
u
.
SF6
a
n
d
t
h
e
At
m
o
s
p
h
e
r
e
.
IEEE
Tr
a
n
s
.
El
e
c
tr.
I
n
s
u
l
.
1
9
9
2
;
27
(
1
):
1
8
4
–
187.
[8
]
M
y
h
re
G
e
t.
a
l
.
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th
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o
p
o
g
e
n
i
c
a
n
d
Nat
u
r
a
l
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i
a
t
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v
e
Fo
rc
i
n
g
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:
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m
a
te
C
h
a
n
g
e
2
0
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3
:
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h
e
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y
s
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c
a
l
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n
c
e
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s
i
s
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tr
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ti
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ro
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m
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t
e
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a
n
g
e
.
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
C
L
i
u
.
e
t.
a
l
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M
e
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h
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n
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s
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rm
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t
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6
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o
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ti
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n
G
a
s
Pr
o
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ts
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n
d
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s
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t
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fi
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ti
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n
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y
GC
-
M
S a
n
d
El
e
c
tr
o
c
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
M
e
th
o
d
s
:
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i
n
i
Re
v
i
e
w
.
In
t.
J
.
El
e
c
to
c
h
e
m
.
Sc
i
.
2
0
0
5
;
10
:
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2
2
3
-
4
2
3
1
.
[1
0
]
T
L
i
n
,
D
Han
,
X
J
i
n
,
G
Q
Zh
a
n
g
.
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p
e
ri
m
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l
Stu
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y
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F6
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o
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o
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y
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ro
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s
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rm
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e
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n
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n
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s
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h
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e
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s
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o
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r
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n
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l
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n
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re
n
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o
n
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e
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tr
i
c
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l
In
s
u
l
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ti
o
n
a
n
d
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e
l
e
c
tri
c
Ph
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
.
2
0
1
3
:
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2
2
1
-
1
2
2
4
.
[1
1
]
Y
Ki
e
ff
e
l
,
T
Irw
i
n
,
P
Po
n
c
h
o
n
,
J
O
w
e
n
s
.
G
re
e
n
G
a
s
to
Re
p
l
a
c
e
SF
6
i
n
El
e
c
tr
i
c
a
l
G
ri
d
s
.
IE
EE
Po
w
e
r
En
e
rg
y
M
a
g
.
2016
;
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(
2
):
32
–
39.
[1
2
]
H.
O
k
u
b
o
,
A
Be
ro
u
a
l
.
Re
c
e
n
t
tre
n
d
a
n
d
fu
t
u
re
p
e
r
s
p
e
c
ti
v
e
s
i
n
e
l
e
c
tri
c
a
l
i
n
s
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
te
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
i
n
re
l
a
ti
o
n
t
o
s
u
l
fu
r
h
e
x
a
fl
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o
ri
d
e
(SF6
)
s
u
b
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t
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tu
t
e
s
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o
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g
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o
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q
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
.
IEE
E
El
e
c
tr.
I
n
s
u
l
.
M
a
g
.
2
0
1
1
;
27
(
2
):
34
–
4
2
.
[1
3
]
C
G
u
o
,
a
t.
a
l
.
In
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
E
l
e
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tri
c
Fi
e
l
d
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-
Uni
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rm
i
ty
o
n
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c
h
a
rg
e
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ra
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te
r
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s
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c
s
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n
S
F6
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G
a
s
M
i
x
tu
re
s
u
n
d
e
r Po
wer
Fre
q
u
e
n
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y
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o
l
ta
g
e
.
2
0
1
7
El
e
c
tr.
I
n
s
u
l
.
Con
f
.
2
0
1
7
:
74
–
77
.
[1
4
]
L
X
i
n
,
S
Ch
a
n
g
w
a
n
g
,
L
X
i
n
ta
o
.
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p
e
ri
m
e
n
t
o
n
b
re
a
k
d
o
wn
c
h
a
ra
c
t
e
ri
s
ti
c
s
o
f
SF
6
/N2
m
i
x
tu
r
e
s
i
n
s
h
o
r
t
gap
.
i
n
2
0
1
5
3
rd
In
te
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Con
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
tri
c
P
o
w
e
r
Eq
u
i
p
m
e
n
t
–
Sw
i
tc
h
i
n
g
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(ICEPE
-
ST
)
.
2015
:
4
0
2
–
4
0
6
.
[1
5
]
W
S
u
n
,
Y
L
i
,
DS
Zh
e
n
g
,
RY
G
u
o
,
X
H
Du
.
In
s
u
l
a
ti
o
n
Ch
a
r
a
c
te
r
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s
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i
c
s
o
f
S
F6
/N2
G
a
s
M
i
x
tu
re
s
a
n
d
Ap
p
l
i
e
d
Re
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
s
.
2
0
1
3
IEEE
Con
f.
El
e
c
tr.
I
n
s
u
l
.
Di
e
l
e
c
tr.
Ph
e
n
o
m
.
2
0
1
3
:
879
–
8
8
2
.
[1
6
]
A
Chv
y
re
v
a
,
AJ
M
Pe
m
e
n
,
T
Chri
s
te
n
.
In
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
S
F6
a
d
m
i
x
tu
re
s
to
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tro
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e
n
o
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l
e
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tro
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s
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tre
a
m
e
r
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n
c
e
p
ti
o
n
a
t
a
n
e
p
o
x
y
re
s
i
n
s
u
rfa
c
e
.
IEEE
Tra
n
s
.
Die
l
e
c
tr
.
El
e
c
tr.
In
s
u
l
.
2
0
1
6
;
23
(
3
):
1683
–
1
6
8
9
.
[1
7
]
NH
M
a
l
i
k
,
AH
Q
u
r
e
s
hi
.
A
re
v
i
e
w
o
f
e
l
e
c
tr
i
c
a
l
b
re
a
k
d
o
w
n
i
n
m
i
x
tu
re
s
o
f
SF
6
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
g
a
s
e
s
.
IE
E
E
Tra
n
s
.
El
e
c
tri
c
.
In
s
u
l
.
1
9
7
9
;
14
:
1
-
13.
[1
8
]
Uni
te
d
Na
ti
o
n
s
.
Ky
o
to
Pr
o
to
c
o
l
to
t
h
e
Uni
te
d
Nat
i
o
n
s
Fra
m
e
w
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rk
Con
v
e
n
ti
o
n
o
n
Cli
m
a
te
Cha
n
g
e
.
Rev
i
e
w
o
f
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ro
p
e
a
n
Co
m
m
u
n
i
ty
a
n
d
In
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
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a
l
En
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ta
l
L
a
w
.
1
9
9
8
;
7
:
2
1
4
–
2
1
7
.
[1
9
]
P
O
s
m
o
k
ro
v
i
ć
,
M
Sto
j
k
a
n
o
v
i
ć
,
K
St
a
n
k
o
v
i
ć
,
M
Vu
j
i
s
i
ć
,
D
Ko
v
a
č
e
v
i
ć
.
Sy
n
e
r
g
i
s
ti
c
e
f
fe
c
t
o
f
S
F6
a
n
d
N
2
g
a
s
m
i
x
tu
re
s
o
n
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
s
o
f
e
l
e
c
tri
c
a
l
b
r
e
a
k
d
o
w
n
.
IEEE
Tra
n
s
.
D
i
e
l
e
c
tr.
El
e
c
tr.
In
s
u
l
.
2012
;
19
:
677
-
6
8
8
.
[2
0
]
C
G
u
o
,
Q
Zh
a
n
g
,
T
W
e
n
.
A
M
e
th
o
d
fo
r
Sy
n
e
r
g
i
s
ti
c
Eff
e
c
t
E
v
a
l
u
a
ti
o
n
o
f
SF6
/N2
G
a
s
M
i
x
t
u
re
s
.
IEE
E
Tra
n
s
.
Di
e
l
e
c
tr
.
El
e
c
tr.
I
n
s
u
l
.
2
0
1
6
;
23
(
1
):
211
-
215.
[2
1
]
C
G
u
o
,
a
t.
a
l
.
In
fl
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
Fi
e
l
d
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-
Un
i
fo
r
m
i
ty
o
n
B
re
a
k
d
o
w
n
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ra
c
te
r
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s
t
i
c
s
i
n
S
F6
/N2
G
a
s
M
i
x
tu
re
s
u
n
d
e
r L
i
g
h
t
n
i
n
g
I
m
p
u
l
s
e
.
IEEE
Tra
n
s
.
E
l
e
c
tr.
I
n
s
u
l
.
2017
;
24
(
4
):
2
2
4
8
–
2
2
5
8
.
[2
2
]
A
Za
h
a
r
i
,
H
Za
i
n
u
d
d
i
n
,
M
S
K
a
m
a
ru
d
i
n
,
NF
Am
b
o
.
Dev
e
l
o
p
m
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n
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o
f
T
e
s
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V
e
s
s
e
l
f
o
r
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a
s
In
s
u
l
a
ti
o
n
Bre
a
k
d
o
w
n
T
e
s
t
.
In
t.
J
.
Po
we
r
El
e
c
tr
o
n
.
Dri
v
e
S
y
s
t
.
2
0
1
8
;
9
(
2
):
873
–
8
7
9
.
[2
3
]
BS
EN
6
0
0
6
0
-
1
.
Hig
h
-
v
o
l
ta
g
e
te
s
t
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
Pa
rt
1
:
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e
n
e
ra
l
d
e
f
i
n
i
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
te
s
t
r
e
q
u
i
re
m
e
n
t
s
.
2010.
[2
4
]
M
S
Si
l
b
e
r
b
e
rg
.
Che
m
i
s
try
:
Th
e
M
o
l
e
c
u
l
a
r
Nat
u
re
o
f
M
a
tt
e
r
a
n
d
Ch
a
n
g
e
,
5
t
h
e
d
.
Bo
s
t
o
n
:
M
c
G
ra
w
-
Hil
l
.
2009
:
206
.
[2
5
]
NF
Am
b
o
,
H
Za
i
n
u
d
d
i
n
,
M
S
Ka
m
a
ru
d
i
n
,
J
M
W
a
r
i
,
A
Za
h
a
ri
.
F
i
n
i
t
e
E
l
e
m
e
n
t
An
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
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M
a
x
i
m
u
m
El
e
c
tr
i
c
F
i
e
l
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fo
r
A
i
r
Bre
a
k
d
o
w
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Und
e
r
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ri
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s
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e
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tr
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e
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ra
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