TELKOM
NIKA
, Vol.14, No
.2, June 20
16
, pp. 563~5
7
3
ISSN: 1693-6
930,
accredited
A
by DIKTI, De
cree No: 58/DIK
T
I/Kep/2013
DOI
:
10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v14i1.3364
563
Re
cei
v
ed
Jan
uary 11, 201
6
;
Revi
sed Ma
rch 1
7
, 2015;
Acce
pted April 4, 2016
Implementing OLSR and Wireless VoIP as Low-Cost
Infrastructure Telephony for Rural Area
Istas Pra
t
om
o*
1
, Asriadi
2
, Achmad
Affandi
3
Electrical E
ngi
neer
ing D
e
p
a
rtment, Sepul
uh
Nop
e
mber Insti
t
ute of
T
e
chnol
og
y,
Jala
n T
e
knik Mesin C
a
mpus I
T
S Keputih, (+
62 31) 5
94 7
3
0
2
*Corres
p
o
ndi
n
g
author, e-ma
i
l
: istaspra@
ee.
its.ac.id
1
, asriadi13@mhs.ee.its.ac.id
2
, affandi@e
e.its.ac.id
3
Ab
stra
ct
Co
mmun
icati
o
n is on
e of es
sentia
l el
e
m
en
ts in th
is life, i
n
clu
d
in
g the p
eop
le w
ho liv
e
at rural
areas.
How
e
v
e
r, telec
o
mmu
n
icati
ons
in r
u
ral ar
ea
es
pe
ci
a
l
l
y
i
n
In
do
nesi
a
ha
ve
m
a
ny co
n
s
tra
i
n
t
s like
expe
nsive
infra
s
tructure, diffic
u
lt terrai
n
an
d
electric
al
pr
obl
em. T
h
is
led to
a lot of are
a
s t
hat unc
overe
d
by
teleco
mmunic
a
tion access. In this pap
er, w
e
propose
d
a desi
gn an
d architectur
e
of mob
ile w
i
rel
e
ss
communic
a
tio
n
bas
ed
on
mo
difie
d
o
p
e
n
W
R
T
as a
sol
u
tio
n
for
low
-
cost co
mmu
n
icati
o
n a
n
d
tele
ph
o
n
y
infrastructure i
n
rural are
a
s. T
he desi
gn co
mb
in
es Vo
IP over mes
h
ad-
h
o
c netw
o
rk as a potenti
a
l sol
u
tio
n
for cheap c
a
lls
and us
e mod
i
fi
ed e
m
b
e
d
ded
devic
e to save
electric
al reso
u
r
ces as a no
de
to connect ea
ch
other w
i
th
mu
lti ho
p trans
mis
s
ions. W
i
th th
i
s
appr
oac
h,
w
e
get
many
ad
vantag
es suc
h
as h
i
gh
mob
ili
ty,
easy to us
e, scala
ble, l
o
w
-
cost imp
l
e
m
e
n
tat
i
on, a
nd l
o
w
p
o
w
e
r consu
m
p
t
ion. T
h
is p
a
p
e
r pres
ents th
e
me
asur
e
m
ent result of
p
e
rformanc
e to
p
r
ovid
e acc
e
ss
telec
o
mmun
ic
ation
in
sev
e
r
a
l c
ond
itio
ns. In
add
ition, this p
aper a
l
so sh
ow
s bench
m
arkin
g
results a
nd
lif
etime of the n
o
de that w
e
use
in this prot
otyp
e.
T
he res
u
lts s
h
ow
that o
u
r n
o
de c
a
n
prov
ide
telec
o
mmun
ic
ations
acc
e
ss i
n
ter
m
s
of
mak
i
ng
cal
l
s w
i
th
g
ood
qua
lity usin
g w
i
reless LA
N. T
o
sum this u
p
, T
he OpenVo
i
c
e
nod
e is expe
cted to contrib
u
te brid
gin
g
di
gital
divid
e
in rur
a
l a
r
eas.
Ke
y
w
ords
: OpenVo
i
ce, VoIP, Rural Are
a
, Mesh Ad-h
oc
Copy
right
©
2016 Un
ive
r
sita
s Ah
mad
Dah
l
an
. All rig
h
t
s r
ese
rved
.
1. Introduc
tion
Comm
uni
cati
ons i
s
on
e
of the essen
t
ial element
s in huma
n
li
fe. As a de
veloping
cou
n
try, the availability of telecomm
uni
cation
s se
rvi
c
e
s
in Indon
esia
will be v
e
ry influential
in
national
deve
l
opment
aime
d to p
r
ovid
e p
r
ospe
rity
and
easy acce
ss
t
o
info
rmation
for
o
u
r peo
pl
e
as Indo
ne
sia
n
’s con
s
titution no.36 in 19
99 su
bsectio
n
3 about tel
e
com
m
uni
cat
i
on and u
n
iversa
l
decl
a
ratio
n
h
u
man
right
s
sub
s
e
c
tion
1
9
and
26. Bu
t in fact, toda
y there a
r
e
still many rem
o
te
area
s th
at ha
ve not be
en t
ouched
by th
e tele
comm
u
n
icatio
ns
se
rv
ice
s
which h
a
v
e an im
pa
ct
on
lack of the lo
cal p
opulatio
n develo
p
me
nt to gro
w
, ei
ther soci
ally or e
c
on
omi
c
a
lly. It makes
big
digital discre
pan
cy betwe
en our p
eopl
e in rural
an
d urba
n area
. In 2011 data from Minist
ry of
comm
uni
cati
on and info
rmation techn
o
logy state
t
here
we
re 66
,778 village
s in Indone
sia
and
only about 36
percent (2
4,000) of them
covered
by telecom
m
uni
ca
tions services. Not only that,
distrib
u
tion of
the frequen
cy band domin
ated by Java Island with 5
0
.4% instead
Maluku
-Pap
ua
just only have 1.5% [22]
whi
c
h indi
cat
e
that
the telecom
m
uni
cat
i
on infra
s
tru
c
t
u
re have n
o
t been
spread eve
n
l
y
.
Ho
wever, th
e
r
e a
r
e m
any
chall
enge
s
a
nd con
s
traint
s so the
r
e a
r
e still ma
ny a
r
ea
s left
untou
che
d
b
y
telecommu
nicatio
n
se
rvice
s
. These
challe
nge
s like hig
h
co
st infra
s
tru
c
ture
developm
ent, powe
r
grid reso
urce
s, difficult te
rrai
n
, and immediate
return
s on in
vestment (ROI)
probl
em
s from provider. I
t
make
s service
provider
unwilling to i
n
vest for tel
e
com
m
uni
cat
i
on
infrast
r
u
c
ture
in remote
are
a
s be
ca
use o
f
what is
inve
sted by service prov
id
er i
s
not com
parab
l
e
with that will be earned. It is more like b
u
sin
e
ss facto
r
from service
provide
r
.
OpenVoi
ce
Proje
c
t is
condu
cted
to
co
pe
with
it and
m
a
ke
an i
n
e
x
pensive
telecom
m
uni
cation
s
and
can b
e
u
s
e
d
b
y
many p
eop
le even
if at
remote
area
s. By combi
n
i
n
g
VoIP technol
ogy as a p
o
tential solutio
n
to ma
ke
cheap
call
s [1
] and
wirel
e
ss me
sh
-ad
h
o
c
netwo
rk,
we
can
get ma
n
y
advantage
s such a
s
scalable
netwo
rk, mo
bility, self-fo
r
ming
and
config
uratio
n, self-he
a
ling,
fault toleran
c
e,
low-cost
and easy d
eployment which ma
ke t
he
openvoi
ce
as one
of the solution to
sol
v
e the issu
e
of teleco
mmu
nicatio
n
s i
n
remote a
r
ea
s
a
s
mentione
d b
e
fore. Mo
re
o
v
er, usi
ng m
odified o
pen
WRT firm
wa
re and
emb
e
d
ded d
e
vice
u
s
ing
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 2, June 20
16 : 563 – 57
3
564
MR-302
0 in impleme
n
tatio
n
as a nod
e for link a
c
cess in our d
e
si
gn makes thi
s
prototype h
a
s
other advant
age
s
such as
lo
w po
wer con
s
um
ption, and
lo
w-co
st in
d
e
velopme
n
t
and
implementation. Furtherm
ore, th
e utilit
y of openvoi
ce i
s
not lim
i
t
ed to tel
e
communi
cations in
remote
are
a
s
but o
penv
oice
also offers
many ot
her p
u
rpo
s
e
s
such a
s
ad ho
c milit
ary
comm
uni
cati
ons,
sea
r
ch
and re
scue, e-le
arni
ng, sp
rea
d
internet a
c
cess an
d
also
comm
uni
cati
on after disaster.
This pa
per
descri
b
e
s
the desig
n fro
m
openv
oi
ce
prototype like archite
c
tu
re and
comp
one
nts.
More to the
p
o
int, we al
so
take
several
measurement
s like quality
of servi
c
e fro
m
this p
r
ototyp
e in terms
m
a
kin
g
calls i
n
small
scale
area,
ben
ch
marking
ha
rd
ware, multi h
op
comm
uni
cati
on, ene
rgy con
s
um
ption
and nod
e l
i
fetime. The measure
m
e
n
ts co
ndu
cte
d
to
determi
ne prelimina
r
y results from ou
r prototype
for future
develo
p
ment.
The remai
n
d
e
r of the
pap
er i
s
o
r
gani
zed a
s
follo
ws. Section II p
r
esents rel
a
ted wo
rk
from thi
s
research. Section III
described OpenVoi
ce
architecture and co
mponents. Section IV
discu
s
ses th
e
desi
gn for
b
a
si
c imple
m
e
n
tation from t
h
is p
r
oje
c
t. Section V p
r
e
s
ents p
r
elimi
n
ary
result from se
veral mea
s
u
r
ements that
we cond
uc
te
d. Finally, section VI conclu
des the p
ape
r.
2. Related Work
There a
r
e m
any re
sea
r
ch
es a
nd oth
e
r proj
ect
s
were co
ndu
cted
by re
sea
r
che
r
in th
e
entire
wo
rld.
The m
a
in g
o
a
l is
providin
g internet
a
c
c
e
s
s
a
nd
che
a
p t
e
le
commu
nicat
i
o
n
s f
o
r
r
u
ral
or rem
o
te areas which are sho
w
n in T
able 1.
Most of project using inexpen
si
ve off-the-sh
elf
hard
w
a
r
e d
e
v
ices in th
eir implementat
ion su
ch
as
VillageTel
co
proje
c
t [3], Digital Ga
ng
etic
Plains in K
a
n
pur [9], Wray
Proje
c
t in En
gland [4],
Fra
c
tel Proj
ect in
India [10], AirJal
di Netwo
r
k
in India [5], Pebble
s
Valley
Mesh Netwo
r
k i
n
South A
f
rica [6] a
nd t
he Lin
k
Net wi
rele
ss
network
in Zambi
a
[1
1]. Others in
clud
e the Te
gola Me
sh [8
] and Seng
erema Me
sh
Network [7]. O
t
her
resea
r
ch ab
o
u
t optimization pe
rforma
nce V
o
IP
ne
twork u
s
in
g
wirel
e
ss m
e
sh network [1
2],
research about MobiMesh whi
c
h is
provide mesh
network with
mobilit
y [13]. Using
OLSR
proto
c
ol to
e
nhan
cem
ent
mobility and
flexibility
of the
system [1
4] and
usi
n
g
mobile
adh
o
c
network and
wirel
e
ss m
e
sh in m
ilitary f
o
r tactical
communi
cation
s [15, 16]. S
u
rvey about rural
wirel
e
ss me
sh netwo
rk
co
ndu
cted in [1
7].
Table 1. Listi
ng Tele
comm
unication Proj
ect for Remot
e
Area
s
Project Nama
Coverage
Mesh Node
Power Resou
r
ce
User
Routing Protocol
DG
P
80
KM
Soekris
ST/SP/B
N/A
Static
Wr
ay
Mesh
2 KM
2
MeshBOx
LUme
sh
GS
200
AODV
OLSR
Ma
c
h
a
Me
s
h
250 KM
2
Linksy
s
WRT54
G
L
GS/BSP
150
OLSR
Tegola M
e
sh
19 KM
Avila GW2348-4
GS/W/SP
500
OSPF
AirJaldi
41 KM
Linksy
s WRT54
G
SP/B/UPS
10K
O
L
SR
Pebble Mesh
15 KM
2
Linksy
s
WRT54
G
GS/B/SP
700
OLSR
Sanggarema Me
sh
3
KM
2
Linksy
s
WRT54
G
L
GS/B/SP
400K
OLSR
Village Telco
2 KM
2
Mesh
Potato
B/SP
200
BATMAN
Note. SP: Solar
Panel, G
S
: G
r
id Suppl
y
,
B: Battery
, ST: Stabilizer, UPS: Uninterrup
t
ed Pow
e
r Supply
,
N/A: Not
Available
3. OpenVoic
e Prototy
p
e
Design
OpenVoi
ce i
s
one of many
proje
c
ts a
b
o
u
t telecomm
u
n
icatio
n in ru
ral area
s or
remote
area
s. The
main goal fro
m
this proje
c
t is to
make a chea
pe
r or a free telecommuni
catio
n
for
every p
eople.
Ope
n
Voi
c
e
combinin
g VoI
P
tech
nology
is a
pote
n
tial
solutio
n
to
m
a
ke
chea
p
ca
lls
with Me
sh n
e
twork that
can
make re
liable
comm
unication
s. This
combi
nati
on put into
on
e
embed
ded
d
e
vice
as a
n
ode
su
ch
a
s
route
r
o
r
ot
h
e
r
comm
erci
al off the
sh
e
l
f to gain
lo
w-co
st
developm
ent
and low p
o
w
er
co
nsu
m
p
t
ion. In this
chapter
we
wi
ll describ
e a
bout Ope
n
Vo
ice
desi
gn from t
he com
pon
en
ts to netwo
rk
architectu
re.
3.1. OpenVoi
ce Proto
t
y
p
e Componen
t
This
ope
nvoi
ce
prototype
is b
u
ilt with
com
b
inin
g
several
com
pone
nt soft
ware
and
hard
w
a
r
e
con
s
ist
of mo
dified M
R
-302
0
board, mo
di
fied O
pen
WRT, Asteri
sk a
nd O
L
SR pro
t
ocol
into one platf
o
rm which is
ready to impl
ementation
with several
scenari
o
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Im
plem
enting OLSR and
Wirel
e
ss VoI
P
as Low
-Co
s
t Infrastructu
re… (I
stas Pratom
o)
565
Figure 1. MR3020 Boa
r
d a
)
Origi
nal Boa
r
d b) M
R
30
20
Modified
The first is M
R
-3
020
bo
ard, MR3
020
b
oard
is
a tiny
AP/router
sh
owe
d
in Fi
gu
re 1
(
a
)
whi
c
h is po
werful althou
g
h
have small
dimensi
on. This router
comes
with proce
s
sor AR7
240
sup
port op
en
WRT System on chip (So
C
) with
spee
d 400 MHz, Spansi
on S2
5FL03
2P flash rom
4MiB and m
odified be
co
me 16 MiB i
n
this re
se
arch, Win
dbo
n
d
W94
25G
6JH SDRAM 3
2
MiB
and m
odified into 64 MiB
in this research.
Chipset Wi-Fi
controll
er
A
R
9331 I
EEE 802.11n 1x
1
2.4 GHz Syst
em on
chi
p
(SoC) i
n
teg
r
at
ed in
singl
e
chip. Not o
n
ly
that, to opera
t
e this route
r
we
just use 5V/1A powe
r
and
it means eve
n
though u
s
in
g powe
r
ba
nk we can o
perate this route
r
.
Table
2 list
s
the co
mpa
r
ison of po
we
r
con
s
um
ption
betwe
en o
r
igi
nal firm
wa
re
and o
pen
WRT
firmware [21]. With thes
e spec
ific
ations
,
MR-3020 is
suitable to
use
in this
re
se
arch. Fig
u
re
1(b)
sho
w
s MR3
0
20 boa
rd whi
c
h ha
s be
en
modified to g
a
in optimal re
sults.
The
se
con
d
is O
penVoi
ce ba
sed
on
Open
WRT firmwa
re [1
8]. As explai
ned
above,
Open
WRT i
s
low-level
distribution
or speci
a
l firm
wa
re th
at supp
orts for
man
y
route
r
s in t
h
e
entire
world.
With this
firmware, we can make
router become
min
i
Linux b
o
x which
ha
s ma
ny
advantag
es
if comp
ared
with
origi
n
al firm
ware. Ope
n
WRT
makes ou
r route
r
be
come
multifunction
al device li
ke
Mobile SIP server, mini
b
o
x
penetratio
n
tester, file sh
aring, telem
e
try,
roboti
c
, auto
m
ation and m
any more. No
w, Open
WR
T
supp
ort
s
more than 300
0 a
pplication
s
an
d
libra
ry in their repo
sitory in
clud
e seve
ral
rout
ing proto
c
ol for me
sh
ad-h
o
c n
e
two
r
k like BATMAN
and O
L
SR.
Open
WRT re
liability has b
een p
r
oven
a
nd ha
s b
een
use
d
in
several larg
e proje
c
ts
related to
co
mmuni
cation
in remote
are
a
s a
s
me
ntio
ned ea
rlie
r at
related
wo
rk.
In this re
sea
r
ch
we modifie
d
this firmware with elimin
ating
som
e
of services that we do n
o
t need in our
appli
c
ation. T
h
is i
s
co
ndu
ct
ed to
achieve
lightwei
ght
a
nd effici
ent firmwa
re fo
r lim
ited reso
urce
s.
Beside
that,
we
adde
d
smart q
ueu
e
manag
eme
n
t feature
to th
is firm
wa
re f
o
r im
pleme
n
ting in
large
scale which
can h
a
n
d
le more se
rvice
s
.
Table 2. Power Co
nsumpti
on Com
p
a
r
ison Betwee
n Origin
al Firm
ware and O
p
enWRT Fi
rm
ware
Condition
Original FW
OpenWR
T
FW
Boot
150 mA
100 mA
Idle
125 mA
68 mA
Idle + LAN
155 mA
108 mA
Idle + WLAN
125 mA
105 mA
Idle + LAN + WLAN
155 mA
148 mA
Idle + LAN + WLAN + USB
210 mA
205 mA
Active dow
nload
+ LAN + WLAN + USB
260 mA
255 mA
AP + Monitor + D
u
mp on USB + L
A
N + WLAN + U
S
B
N/A
230 mA
Note. FW: Firmware, N/A: Not Available
The third i
s
asteri
sk. Aste
ri
sk i
s
open
so
urce
software
that was re
served for op
e
r
ational
of PBX phone. In this prototype asterisk
work
s as
a soft
swit
ch l
i
ke MS
C and BSC in
GS
M
architectu
re t
o
routing
call
s from u
s
er t
o
anot
he
r user over me
sh
ad-ho
c net
work. Aste
risk
has
many feature
s
like voi
c
e m
a
il, teleconfe
r
ence,
VoIP, video call, messagin
g
and
many more.
The
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Vol. 14, No. 2, June 20
16 : 563 – 57
3
566
small
size form this ap
plication allo
ws t
o
run i
n
emb
edde
d sy
ste
m
like O
pen
Voice d
e
si
gn
an
d
make
route
r
become VoIP serve
r
with
many
cod
e
c
sup
port like GSM, alaw, u
l
aw, and
spe
e
x.
Figure 2. Flooding me
ch
a
n
ism, a) Li
nk
State b) MPR flooding
The
la
st
i
s
OLSR or
Op
timized Lin
k
Stat
e Routin
g. OLSR is
a proa
ctive
proto
c
ol
comm
only
u
s
ed
to
buil
d
mesh adh
oc netwo
rk. OL
SR
wo
rks
usi
ng ro
uting ta
ble that re
gul
arly
update
d
to
keep to
polo
g
y
informatio
n
so it
can
be
u
s
ed
to
determine
path i
n
data tran
smissio
n
[2]. OLSR i
s
an o
p
timiza
tion from li
n
k
state p
r
ot
ocol
with
usi
ng multip
oint
relay
s
(MP
R
)
mech
ani
sm t
o
red
u
ce ove
r
hea
d floodi
n
g
to all no
de
s in the net
wo
rk that a
r
e
sh
own i
n
Figu
re
2.
In this prototype, we u
s
e
OL
SRD [19]
which is a
n
implementati
on from O
L
S
R
with fish e
y
e
mech
ani
sm a
nd ETX in our node by addi
ng seve
ral pl
ug-in to ma
ke
easy to usin
g this daem
o
n
.
3.2. OpenVoi
ce Arc
h
itec
ture and Basi
c Topolog
y
Figure 3 poi
nt (a) illustrates GSM
architecture
whi
c
h
has two mai
n
parts
such as BSC
and MS
C. BSC and
MSC have a b
a
si
c fun
c
tion to
route a
call to intern
al net
work o
r
exte
rnal
netwo
rk a
nd
save u
s
er d
a
t
abase. Figure 3 point
(b) describ
es th
e architectu
re model whi
c
h
impleme
n
ted
in Op
enVoi
ce
protot
ype in
this re
se
arch. BSC
and
MSC fun
c
tion
is re
pla
c
ed
by
asteri
sk a
s
a
soft switch t
o
ro
ute a
call
and
sa
ve user
d
a
taba
se. This aste
risk embed
ded
in
to
route
r
wi
rele
ss was
modifie
d
with o
u
r m
o
dified firm
ware. With this
a
ppro
a
ch, we
can
route
a
call
both in intern
al netwo
rk a
n
d
external wit
h
Vo
IP techn
o
logy usin
g freque
ncy 2,4
GHz ISM Band
for acce
ss link and u
s
in
g freque
ncy 5 G
H
z fo
r ba
ckb
one lin
k.
All node
s a
r
e
intercon
ne
cted to e
a
ch ot
her
on the
sa
me Wi
-Fi
ch
a
nnel a
nd
ope
rate in
two mo
de
s si
multaneo
usly
usin
g b
r
idg
e
con
n
e
c
tion
s. Ad-ho
c
m
o
d
e
is
nee
ded t
o
interact
with
others nea
rby
node in ord
e
r
to make me
sh networks.
Infrastructu
re
mode is use
d
to interact with
use
r
a
s
a
cli
ent to gai
n communi
catio
n
acce
ss o
r
i
n
ternet
acce
ss in th
e net
work.
We
u
s
e
this
desi
gn to ma
ke
client
can
use th
eir p
h
o
ne with
any b
r
and
witho
u
t any sp
eci
a
lized configu
r
ati
o
n
for as
we kno
w
sma
r
t pho
n
e
that availab
l
e today do n
o
t reco
gni
ze
an ad ho
c mo
de.
Figure 3. Telecom
m
uni
cat
i
on Infrast
r
u
c
ture Archite
c
ture (a) GSM
Archite
c
ture
(b) O
penVoi
ce Archite
c
ture
(a
)
(
b
)
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TELKOM
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ISSN:
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930
Im
plem
enting OLSR and
Wirel
e
ss VoI
P
as Low
-Co
s
t Infrastructu
re… (I
stas Pratom
o)
567
In the user si
de, we ca
n u
s
e han
dhel
d with
Androi
d, iOS or wind
ows based o
peratin
g
system
with zoip
er -soft p
hone a
ppli
c
at
ion- t
hat alre
ady installe
d. This soft phone is free a
nd
available in
Googl
e play, app st
ore
or
wind
ows sto
r
e. Furthe
rmo
r
e, the mo
st importa
nt thing i
s
hand
held h
a
s
to be eq
ui
pped
with Wi-Fi interfa
c
e
beca
u
se we usin
g Wi
-Fi con
n
e
c
tio
n
to
con
n
e
c
t to SIP serve
r
thro
ugh me
sh net
works with m
u
lti hop tran
smissi
on
s.
3.3. OpenVoi
ce Ba
sic Implementa
tion
s
In Figure
4, we can
see
an illustration of OpenVoic
e basi
c implem
entat
ion for
comm
uni
cati
on at
remote
are
a
s.
This impleme
n
ta
t
i
on i
s
the
de
velopment
of archite
c
ture
as
descri
bed i
n
Figure 3. For implementati
on scen
ar
i
o
whi
c
h is
depi
cted in Fi
gure 4, we
can
u
s
e
multiple tran
smissi
on b
and
s to get co
nn
ection
s for lo
ng dista
n
ce communi
catio
n
by usin
g 5 G
H
z
band fo
r the
backb
one
a
nd u
s
ing
2.4
GHz ba
nd
for a
c
cess li
nk to
client.
Obviou
sly, the
equipm
ent that we use
d
su
ch a
s
ante
nna
s, Nano
station
s
or si
milar low-co
st hardware will
increa
se if
we want exten
d
s th
e rang
e
of the me
sh
netwo
rk.
Mo
reover, Wirele
ss
me
sh net
work
for lon
g
di
sta
n
ce
always
has a
chall
e
nge to
get
maximal results du
e to
a
wirele
ss
ch
annel
con
d
ition i
s
al
ways chan
gin
g
an
d g
e
t inte
rfere
n
ce from
the
enviro
n
m
ent that m
a
y
happ
en
duri
n
g
con
n
e
c
tion
s. It can redu
ce
the en
d-to
-e
nd VoIP qu
ality. H
o
w
e
ver
,
for
this
r
e
s
ear
c
h
we focused
impleme
n
tation in acce
ss link only u
s
ing
OLSR a
s
sh
own in Fig
u
re
5.
Figure 4. Ope
n
Voice Syste
m
Implement
ations u
s
in
g Dual Ban
d
Conne
ction
Figure 5. Visualization Me
sh-A
dho
c Network with
OL
SR at link access
4. Measurem
e
nts a
nd Dis
c
ussion
s
In this ch
apt
er, we p
r
e
s
e
n
t several re
sult of the si
mulation
s fro
m
openvoi
ce
prototype
su
ch a
s
p
r
el
iminary resul
t
about abilit
y to provide
comm
uni
cat
i
on a
c
cess f
o
r
small
sca
l
e,
multihop
co
mmuni
cation,
ha
rd
ware b
enchma
r
ki
ng
and
no
de
life-time u
s
in
g smart
po
we
r
manag
eme
n
t.
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ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 2, June 20
16 : 563 – 57
3
568
4.1. Communication Acc
ess for Smal
l Area
This
simulati
on is
conduct
ed to investigate
the ability of this prot
ot
ype to connect users
in the netwo
rk
so they can co
mmuni
cate ea
ch
ot
her
without
servi
c
e p
r
ovi
d
er o
r
intern
et
con
n
e
c
tion
s.
In this sim
u
la
tion, it al
so
shows
Qo
S
(Q
uality of Se
rvice) p
a
ra
mete
rs
that o
c
cu
rr
ed
durin
g the si
mulation. Thi
s
simul
a
tion i
s
held in two
building
s
(B and AJ Buildi
ng) of ele
c
tri
c
al
engin
eeri
ng
depa
rtment I
T
S that illust
rated i
n
Fig
u
r
e
7 with 6 use
r
s
an
d
5 node ope
nvo
i
ce
prototype
s
.
The sim
u
latio
n
use
six sm
art pho
ne
s from variou
s b
r
and
s, with
zoiper i
s
u
s
ed
as soft
phon
e that already in
stalle
d to make
cal
l
s for
ap
proximately 5 min
u
tes. Mea
s
u
r
ements
QoS
are
usin
g call qu
a
lity feature fro
m
the soft ph
one.
Fu
rthe
rmore, we
u
s
e
paramete
r
s and com
pone
nts
as liste
d in Table 3.
Figure 7. Testing Area
Table 3. Simulation Para
mater
Parameter Description
Codec
GSM FR
8 Khz
Sampling Rate
8 Khz
Bit Rate
13 kb/s
Signaling SIP
Transpo
rt
UDP over R
T
P
Softsw
i
tch
Asteriks
18
Routing Protocol
OLSRv1
Softphone
Zoiper
Platform
MR3020 w
i
th Op
enVoice
Fi
rm
w
a
r
e
Power Resou
r
ce
Solar Po
w
e
r Ban
k
Re
sults from
the simul
a
tio
n
as li
sted in
T
able 4 b
e
lo
w indi
cate
s this p
r
ototype
can b
e
use
d
to com
m
unicate bet
wee
n
users i
n
cove
rag
e
ar
e
a
ne
tw
or
k
.
T
h
e
me
as
ur
eme
n
t
r
e
s
u
lt fro
m
the simulatio
n
sho
w
s the averag
e pa
cket loss
a
nd ji
tter received
enou
gh lo
w according IT
U-T
stand
ard [2
0]. It is indicate
d this p
r
ototype can
p
r
ovid
e VoIP servi
c
es
with goo
d
quality in sm
all
scale.
Table 4. Mea
s
ureme
n
t Re
sults
Parameter Value
Receive packet
16183
Received b
y
tes
1.34 MB
Received b
y
tes p
a
y
load
521.0 KB
Curre
nt receive b
i
trates
33 kb/s
Average received bitrates
34 kb/s
Sent packets
16220
Sent b
y
tes
1.35 MB
Sent b
y
tes pa
ylo
ad
522 kB
Curre
nt sent bitrates
33 kb/s
Average sent bitrates
34 kb/s
Curre
nt packet loss
4,3 %
Curre
nt received
jitter
18,83 ms
Throug
hput
0,0328
Mbit/sec
More
over,
we
have b
een
succe
ssfully i
m
plem
e
n
ting
OLSR
protocol to e
s
tabli
s
h
ed Me
sh
ad-h
o
c top
o
l
ogy, where e
a
ch n
ode
co
nne
cted ea
ch
other and b
e
com
e
rel
a
y for anothe
r n
o
de.
With this topology, whi
c
h m
eans w
herever we are, we still can use
this VoIP service as long
as
we are in cov
e
rag
e
area.
The Figu
re 8 belo
w
sho
w
s VoIP call gra
ph analys
i
s
from se
ssi
on initiation proto
c
ol that
we u
s
ed d
u
ri
ng our
simul
a
tion. From t
hat grap
h it can be seen t
hat we u
s
e
UDP a
s
tran
spo
r
t
over RTP a
s
media sessio
n establi
s
he
d
by SDP
for
multimedia session. Fo
r code
c or paylo
ad,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Im
plem
enting OLSR and
Wirel
e
ss VoI
P
as Low
-Co
s
t Infrastructu
re… (I
stas Pratom
o)
569
we u
s
e
GSM
FR in thi
s
si
m
u
lation. Mo
re
over, from Fi
gure
8 we ca
n co
ncl
ude th
at we h
a
ve b
een
su
ccessful im
plementin
g b
a
si
c VoIP in embedd
ed dev
ice.
Figure 8. SIP
Flow Di
ag
ra
m from Simul
a
tion
4.2. Multi Ho
p Communic
a
tion Mode
In this se
ctio
n we will
sh
ow the me
asurem
ent re
su
lt from multi hop commu
n
i
cation
usin
g OLSR
as ro
uting protocol in ou
r
system
. We use multi ho
p
commu
nication in our
syst
em
with a
pu
rp
o
s
e to
extend
ou
r n
e
two
r
k, so
we
can
provide
com
m
unication
a
c
cess
se
rvice in
large
r
a
r
ea.
T
h
is m
e
a
s
ure
m
ent was
pe
rformed
by
pu
tting our
nod
e on
a line
at ce
rtain di
sta
n
ce
as
sho
w
n
a
s
Figure 9.
We
arrang
e it thi
s
way in
ord
e
r
to ma
ke
sure ou
r tra
n
smi
tted data m
u
st
go throu
gh ex
pecte
d nod
e to the destin
a
tion usi
ng mul
t
i hop system
.
Figure 9. Multi Hop Sce
n
a
r
i
o
Measureme
n
t
In this me
asu
r
eme
n
t we
u
s
e Iperf a
s
traffi
c
gen
erator that
installe
d at
our sm
art phon
e
and
zoip
er to
make a p
h
o
ne call. We
u
s
e th
roug
hpu
t, jitter and p
a
cket lo
ss
as our
paramet
er
durin
g the si
mulation p
r
o
c
ess.
From Fi
gure 10 belo
w
, we
can
con
c
lu
d
e
t
hat addin
g
hops
ca
n de
cre
a
se pe
rformance
from our net
work. The
s
e
occur b
e
cau
s
e we use
wireless ch
ann
e
l
so the data
that we sen
d
throug
h o
u
r network
su
ffer loss f
r
o
m
un
stable
link
betwe
en
the n
ode
and
noise from
environ
ment.
Besid
e
s th
at, our
node
h
a
s o
n
ly
on
e
antenn
a for t
r
an
smitting a
nd receiving
data
from other n
ode so the d
a
ta that has been s
ent is not been improved o
n
the receiver si
d
e
anothe
r
ca
se
if we u
s
e
M
I
MO tech
nolo
g
y with
dive
rsity techni
qu
e that can i
m
prove
re
cei
v
ed
sign
al.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 2, June 20
16 : 563 – 57
3
570
Figure 10. Measure
m
ent
Re
sults : (a
) Thro
ugh
put
Res
u
lt, (b) Pack
et Los
s
Result, (c
) J
i
tter
Re
sult
4.3. Hard
w
a
r
e
Benc
hmar
king
Perform
a
nce of the hardware that we used indi
rectly will influence
the performance from
our
system
and ou
r tele
comm
uni
cati
on se
rvice.
Therefore, h
a
rd
wa
re be
n
c
hma
r
king i
s
very
necessa
ry to determi
ne ho
w po
we
rful d
e
vice
we
us
e in
o
u
r
r
e
s
e
arc
h
. T
h
is
b
e
n
c
h
m
a
r
k
pr
o
v
ides
a ro
ugh
estim
a
te of ho
w p
e
r
forma
n
ce o
u
r
devi
c
e
s
with
giving a ta
sk to com
pute a
nd exe
c
ute a
n
algorithm (from the simpl
e
st one to the
more
com
p
lex algorithm
)
like AES 256
using Open-SSL
s
o
ftware. In
this
research, we
ben
ch
marking
ou
r
node
by
co
mpari
n
g th
e
result of o
r
ig
inal
open
WRT firmwa
re an
d o
u
r modifie
d
firmwa
re on the
same devi
c
e
.
Figure 11. Benchm
arkin
g
Re
sult
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
TELKOM
NIKA
ISSN:
1693-6
930
Im
plem
enting OLSR and
Wirel
e
ss VoI
P
as Low
-Co
s
t Infrastructu
re… (I
stas Pratom
o)
571
In gen
eral,
from b
e
n
c
h
m
arking
re
sult as sho
w
n in
Figu
re
13,
we
ca
n see
an
improvem
ent
aro
und
6,5
3
% until 45,
94% if we
u
s
e o
u
r m
odif
i
ed firm
ware
com
pared
with
open
WRT o
r
iginal firm
wa
re. Thi
s
imp
r
ovement
o
c
curred b
e
cau
s
e we
are
using light
weig
ht
firmwa
re by
e
liminate
u
nne
ce
sarry servi
c
e
s
wh
i
c
h
are havin
g imp
a
ct to
pro
c
e
s
sor pe
rforma
nce
whe
n
exe
c
ut
e mo
re
data
every second
. It mean
s o
u
r n
ode
is m
o
re
po
we
rful
to han
dle traffic
from ou
r telecommuni
catio
n
servi
c
e
s
like
voice, sh
ort
messagin
g
system and video call.
4.4. Po
w
e
r
Consumptio
n and Nod
e
Lifetime
This re
se
arch is tele
com
m
unication
p
r
oje
c
t
with a
goal to
p
r
ovi
de tele
co
mm
unication
acce
ss in
rural area. O
n
e
of the bigge
st pro
b
le
m
s
as mentio
ne
d above is el
ectri
c
al p
r
obl
em.
Powe
r aware
ness is ve
ry importa
nt
if we want im
ple
m
ented o
u
r
system in re
m
o
te are
a
s
and
this
is why we take a measure
m
ent for po
we
r co
nsumpti
on and lifetim
e from ou
r no
de.
First
step,
we ta
ke me
asu
r
em
ent a
bout po
we
r
con
s
um
ption
from ou
r n
ode
with
comp
ared fa
ctory firm
wa
re and o
u
r m
odified firm
ware u
s
in
g US
B voltage cu
rre
nt meter
with
several co
ndi
tions.
M
e
a
s
urement re
sults
sh
owed
improvement if
we u
s
e
ou
r m
o
dified firm
wa
re
arou
nd 7% -
20% as we can se
e in the Table 5 bel
o
w
:
Table 5. Power Co
nsumpti
on Mea
s
u
r
em
ent
Condition
OpenWR
T
FW
OpenVoice FW
Improvement
Boot
150 mA
120 mA
20%
Idle + OLSR
125 mA
100 mA
20%
Idle + OLSR + U
SB
180 mA
160 mA
11,11 %
File Transfer +
OLSR + USB
260 mA
240 mA
7,69%
We also take lifetime estimation and
compa
r
ed it
with real time measure
m
ents to
determi
ne lif
etime from
o
u
r no
de
with
two conditio
n
s, first scen
ario
we u
s
e
battery a
s
si
ngle
power
re
sou
r
ce. Th
e se
co
nd, we
use smart po
we
r
manag
eme
n
t contai
ns
24.
300 mAh Pol
y
mer
Lithium Ion B
a
ttery that eq
uippe
d with
mini sol
a
r pa
nel as
an en
ergy supply
whi
c
h is
sh
o
w
n in
wirin
g
diag
ra
m at the Figure 14.
Figure 12. Power M
ana
ge
ment Wiri
ng
Diag
ram
4.4.1. Estimation of Node
Lifetime
For lifetime
e
s
timation
of o
u
r n
ode,
we
use PSIM a
s
simulato
r
software to find
out ho
w
much
en
ergy
cont
ributio
n
if our n
ode
u
s
e p
o
wer
ma
nagem
ent e
q
u
ippe
d with
mini solar pa
nel.
From the sim
u
lation, we can obtain en
ergy estim
a
tion from mini
sola
r pan
el for a day with idea
l
con
d
ition. Th
e re
sults that
obtained fro
m
first
scen
a
r
io of lifetime estimation
can be u
s
ed t
o
cal
c
ulate ho
w
lon
g
o
u
r n
ode can
la
st if
we co
m
b
in
ed batte
ry an
d mini
sola
r
panel
as a
p
o
we
r
resou
r
ces. F
r
om calcul
atio
n usi
ng p
r
evi
ous
data
that
we o
b
taine
d
, we can
see
the re
sult li
ke
Figure 15.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
ISSN: 16
93-6
930
TELKOM
NIKA
Vol. 14, No. 2, June 20
16 : 563 – 57
3
572
Figure 13. No
de Life Time
Measurement
Result
From th
at fig
u
re,
we
ca
n
see
compa
r
ison of
lifetime
from
our no
de. When
we
only u
s
e
battery as p
o
w
er
re
sou
r
ce
, our node
ca
n only last le
ss tha
n
4 da
ys or ab
out 3
days 22 ho
u
r
s.
Ho
wever, ou
r node can la
st much lon
g
e
r
than befo
r
e
if we use a
combinatio
n from battery a
n
d
mini sola
r pa
nel for less th
an 7 days o
r
about 6 day
s 17 hou
rs.
4.4.2. Real Time Measur
e
ment
We ta
ke two
measurement
s u
s
ing S
N
M
P
proto
c
ol a
n
d
ca
cti from
o
u
r n
ode in
re
al time.
First me
asurement we u
s
e battery a
s
sin
g
le po
wer
re
sou
r
ce and the
se
con
d
we
use
combi
nation
of mini solar
panel an
d bat
tery as
po
wer reso
urce wit
h
con
d
ition like handlin
g VoIP
traffic with t
r
a
ffic gene
rato
r. As a
re
sult,
our
nod
e can
run
as well a
s
u
s
ing
gri
d
p
o
we
r for 2 d
a
y
s
14 min
u
tes a
nd 5
day
s 1
5
ho
urs
usi
n
g combin
atio
n
po
we
r so
urce as
indi
cat
ed
at Figu
re 16
and 17.
Figure 14. No
de Life with Battery Only
Figure 15. No
de Life with Battery and Mi
ni Solar Pane
l
5. Conclusio
n
In this p
ape
r we have
i
n
trodu
ce
d o
penvoi
ce p
r
o
j
ect for low-co
st mobil
e
wirel
e
ss
comm
uni
cati
on an
d telep
hony infrastructure fo
r re
mote area
s
based o
n
m
odified o
pen
WRT.
This
re
sea
r
ch com
b
ine
s
OLSR a
nd
wirele
ss V
o
IP as o
ne fra
m
ewo
r
k
call
ed
OpenVoi
ce.
This
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-5000
0
5000
1
0000
1
5000
2
0000
N
ode Li
f
e
T
i
m
e
C
o
m
pari
s
on
Da
y
s
E
ner
gy
(m
A
h
)
bat
erai
s
o
l
a
r p
anel
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.