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.
v
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16 U
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s A
h
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A
l
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t
s r
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.
1
.
I
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T
he aor
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1]
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an b
e det
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e r
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s
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o
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2]
.
I
n ot
he
r
c
as
e,
a S
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ar
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now
n r
upt
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e [
3
-
6
].
T
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s
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a
k
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7]
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8]
.
T
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I
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T
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KO
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1
4
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.
3
,
S
ept
em
ber
201
6
:
11
05
–
1
112
1106
bod
y
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or
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9]
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10]
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T
hi
s
m
et
hod us
es
t
he l
e
v
e
l
s
et
appr
o
ac
h ba
s
ed on l
oc
a
l
s
ear
c
h [
11]
.
A
not
h
er
s
egm
ent
at
i
on a
p
pr
oac
h i
s
t
he
m
et
hod w
i
t
h c
o
nnec
t
ed c
o
m
ponent
l
a
bel
i
n
g.
R
e
l
at
ed
r
es
ear
c
h c
onnec
t
ed c
om
ponen
t
l
a
be
l
i
ng
m
et
hod
f
or
i
m
age
s
eg
m
ent
at
i
o
n
per
f
or
m
ed
on
m
i
c
r
os
c
opi
s
of
neur
ons
.
C
har
ac
t
e
r
s
m
i
c
r
os
c
op
y
i
m
age of
a ne
ur
on
i
s
h
av
i
ng s
i
m
i
l
ar
i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y
.
S
e
gm
ent
at
i
o
n m
et
hod o
n n
eur
o
ns
m
i
c
r
os
c
op
y
i
m
age
i
s
don
e
b
y
P
D
E
al
g
or
i
t
hm
and
c
onn
ec
t
ed
c
om
pone
nt
l
a
bel
i
n
g
al
g
or
i
t
hm
[
12]
.
I
n
ad
di
t
i
on
,
t
he c
o
nnec
t
ed c
om
pone
nt
l
ab
el
i
ng
m
et
hod
i
s
a
l
s
o
us
ed t
o d
et
ec
t
t
he
f
ac
e of
a
c
ol
or
ed
i
m
age
[
13]
.
T
he o
t
her
m
et
hod t
ha
t
i
s
us
ed
t
o
s
e
gm
ent
at
i
o
n
of
m
edi
c
al
i
m
age i
s
c
han
-
v
es
e
m
et
hods
.
T
h
is
m
et
hod
is
al
s
o k
no
w
n as
ac
t
i
v
e c
ont
our
w
i
t
ho
ut
edg
e [
1
4]
.
B
S
p
l
i
ne s
na
k
e al
s
o us
e i
n
m
edi
c
al
i
m
age
s
egm
ent
at
i
on
w
i
t
h
add
i
t
i
on
ener
g
y
t
er
m
uni
f
y
t
h
e
e
dge
bas
e
d
an
d
r
eg
i
on
bas
ed
ener
g
y
d
er
i
v
ed f
r
om
t
he i
m
age
dat
a
[
15
]
.
MR
I
i
s
per
f
or
m
ed us
i
ng
s
a
gi
t
t
al
pr
ot
oc
o
l
on
t
he
he
ar
t
ar
ea c
a
n b
e us
e
d t
o d
et
er
m
i
ne t
he
c
ondi
t
i
o
n of
t
he abdom
i
nal
aor
t
a.
MR
I
s
ag
i
t
t
a
l
i
m
age r
es
ul
t
s
not
on
l
y
i
n t
he f
or
m
o
f
an abdom
i
nal
aor
t
i
c
b
ut
a
l
s
o o
t
her
obj
ec
t
s
c
ont
ai
ned
t
her
e
i
n
.
T
her
ef
or
e,
f
or
t
he
pur
pos
es
of
t
he
a
nal
y
s
i
s
of
t
he ab
dom
i
nal
a
or
t
a,
it
is
n
eede
d t
o d
o s
egm
ent
at
i
o
n
on t
he
obj
ec
t
o
f
MR
I
s
agi
t
t
a
l
i
m
age.
I
n t
h
i
s
r
es
ear
c
h,
t
he
pr
op
os
e
s
eg
m
ent
at
i
on
m
et
hod
i
s
s
i
m
pl
y
an
d
s
uc
c
es
s
t
o
s
egm
ent
t
he
a
or
t
a
f
r
om
t
he
M
R
I
s
ag
i
t
t
a
l
i
m
age.
T
he
pr
op
os
e
s
egm
ent
at
i
on
m
et
ho
d
i
s
b
as
ed
on
c
o
nnec
t
ed
c
om
ponent
l
ab
el
i
ng.
T
he
ai
m
of
t
he
M
R
I
s
agi
t
t
a
l
i
m
age
s
egm
ent
a
t
i
on
i
s
g
et
t
i
ng
t
he
obj
ec
t
of
t
he
a
bdom
i
na
l
aor
t
a
ane
ur
y
s
m
t
o
get
i
nf
or
m
at
i
on
abo
ut
t
he
s
ha
pe
of
A
A
A
.
T
hi
s
r
es
ear
c
h
i
s
pr
e
l
i
m
i
nar
y
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
he o
bj
ec
t
A
A
A
w
i
l
l
be
us
ed
t
o v
i
s
ua
l
i
z
e
w
a
l
l
s
h
ear
s
t
r
e
s
s
.
2.
R
e
sea
r
ch
M
et
h
o
d
s
I
m
age pr
oc
es
s
i
ng
is
a
n
i
m
age
q
ual
i
t
y
i
m
pr
ov
em
ent
p
r
oc
es
s
i
n or
der
t
o ob
t
ai
n
us
ef
ul
i
nf
or
m
at
i
on
.
S
e
gm
ent
at
i
o
n
i
s
a
p
r
o
ce
ss
w
h
i
ch
i
s
v
er
y
i
m
por
t
ant
i
n
i
m
age pr
oc
es
s
i
ng
t
o
is
o
la
t
e
t
he
obj
ec
t
t
o
b
e
a
nal
y
z
ed
.
I
m
age s
egm
ent
at
i
on
al
gor
i
t
hm
s
ar
e ge
ner
a
l
l
y
b
as
ed
o
n t
h
e c
har
ac
t
er
of
t
he i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y
v
al
ues
,
t
he
di
s
c
ont
i
nu
i
t
y
a
n
d
s
im
ila
r
i
t
y
.
S
egm
ent
at
i
on
bas
e
d o
n
d
is
c
o
n
t
in
u
it
ie
s
do
w
i
t
h t
h
e ap
pr
oac
h of
t
he i
nt
ens
i
t
y
v
a
l
ue c
ha
nges
dr
as
t
i
c
al
l
y
or
s
udde
nl
y
,
f
or
ex
a
m
pl
e,
is
t
he
edges
of
an
i
m
age
.
P
r
in
c
ip
l
e
appr
oac
h
to
s
im
ila
r
it
y
is
d
one b
y
p
a
r
t
it
io
n
in
g
t
he i
m
age
in
t
o
r
egi
o
ns
t
hat
ar
e s
i
m
i
l
ar
ac
c
or
di
ng t
o
a s
et
of
pr
edef
i
n
ed c
r
i
t
er
i
a
[
16
]
.
T
he
i
m
age
dat
a
i
n
t
hi
s
s
t
udy
is
dat
a
f
r
om
MR
I
of
a
pat
i
e
nt
w
i
t
h
A
AA
.
MR
I
i
s
don
e
w
it
h
t
he
pr
ot
oc
o
l
s
a
g
i
tta
l
m
or
phol
o
g
y
.
E
x
am
i
nat
i
o
n
of
t
he
s
agi
t
t
al
s
lic
e
m
or
phol
og
y
p
r
oduc
ed s
om
e
pi
c
t
ur
es
.
I
n
t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
,
w
e
us
e
5
i
m
age
sl
i
ce
M
RI
ex
a
m
i
nat
i
on
r
es
ul
t
s
.
Ea
c
h
sl
i
ce
s
i
ze
is
of
25
6
p
ix
e
ls
x
17
6 p
i
x
el
s
.
F
i
ve
d
at
a
sl
i
ce
i
m
age of
t
he
r
es
ul
t
s
of
M
RI
in
t
he
m
anage
m
ent
s
of
t
w
ar
e
us
i
ng
DI
CO
M
bef
or
e be
i
n
g
us
ed f
or
t
he s
e
gm
ent
at
i
o
n
pr
oc
es
s
.
(
a)
(
b)
(c
)
(
d)
(
e)
F
i
gur
e
1.
M
R
I
S
ag
i
t
t
a
l
i
m
age
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
I
S
S
N
:
1
693
-
6
930
S
a
g
i
tta
l
I
mag
e S
eg
ment
at
i
on
fr
o
m
P
at
i
ent
s
w
i
t
h
A
b
do
mi
n
al
A
or
t
i
c
A
n
eur
y
s
ms
(
D.
R
im
in
a
r
s
i
h
)
1107
F
i
gur
e
1
i
s
a s
agi
t
t
al
i
m
age
as
a r
es
ul
t
of
t
he MR
I
s
c
anner
.
T
her
e ar
e 5 s
l
i
c
es
of
t
he
i
m
age
w
i
t
h
t
he
di
s
t
anc
e
b
et
w
ee
n
s
l
i
c
es
i
s
6m
m
.
E
ac
h
i
m
age
has
di
m
ens
i
on
25
6 p
i
x
el
s
x
17
6
pi
x
el
s
.
I
m
age (
a)
i
s
an i
m
age i
n
w
hi
c
h t
h
e aor
t
a i
s
onl
y
v
i
s
i
b
l
e s
l
i
c
e
d l
en
gt
h
w
i
s
e and has
no
t
l
ook
ed
t
h
e
par
t
t
hat
s
uf
f
er
ed
an
ane
ur
y
s
m
.
I
m
age
(
b)
and
(
c
)
l
o
ok
s
aor
t
a
le
n
g
t
h
w
is
e
a
nd
l
ook
s
t
he
par
t
of
t
he
aor
t
a t
hat
s
uf
f
er
ed an
e
ur
y
s
m
.
I
n (
d)
and
(
e)
of
t
h
e a
or
t
a
ap
pe
ar
s
l
i
ght
l
y
o
v
a
l
,
w
hi
c
h
i
s
par
t
of
t
he a
neur
y
s
m
.
T
he
m
et
hod us
ed t
o
per
f
or
m
s
eg
m
ent
at
i
o
n
in
t
h
i
s st
u
d
y
i
s a
c
on
nec
t
ed
c
om
pone
nt
la
b
e
ls
.
T
hi
s
m
et
hod
w
as
a
ppl
i
ed
t
w
i
c
e,
f
ir
s
t
t
o t
he
i
n
put
i
m
age
to
ob
t
ai
n
a b
i
na
r
y
i
m
age
.
T
he
s
ec
ond
i
s
t
h
at
t
hi
s
m
et
hod
i
s
ap
pl
i
ed
to
t
h
e
i
m
age of
r
es
ul
t
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
s
t
eps
to
ex
am
i
ne
t
he
c
onnec
t
e
d
c
om
ponent
s
t
o
eac
h
l
a
be
l
t
o
o
bt
a
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
age
of
t
he
a
or
t
a
.
B
ot
h
m
et
hods
ar
e
b
as
ed
on
t
h
e
s
im
ila
r
it
y
o
f
i
m
age
i
nt
ens
i
t
y
v
al
ue
s
.
T
he
pur
p
o
s
e
of
s
egm
en
t
at
i
on
is
t
o
g
et
t
h
e
R
(
R
O
I)
.
MR
I
s
a
g
i
tta
l
i
m
age s
egm
ent
at
i
on
pr
oc
e
dur
e
is
ou
t
l
i
ne
d
i
n t
he f
l
o
w
c
h
ar
t
pr
es
e
nt
ed
bel
o
w
.
F
i
gur
e
2.
T
he pr
oc
e
dur
es
o
f
i
m
age s
egm
ent
at
i
o
n
F
i
gur
e
2
ex
pl
ai
n
s
t
ep
b
y
s
t
ep
of
s
egm
ent
at
i
on
m
et
ho
d.
MR
I
s
ag
i
t
t
al
i
m
age
as
an
i
np
ut
i
m
age
ha
ve
a
v
er
y
l
o
w
in
t
e
n
s
it
y
s
o
h
ar
d
t
o
do
t
he
t
r
an
s
f
or
m
at
i
on
to
a
bi
n
ar
y
i
m
age
.
T
her
ef
or
e
,
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
s
te
p
of
s
egm
ent
at
i
on
is
d
one
to
i
nc
r
eas
e
t
he
i
n
t
ens
i
t
y
b
y
m
ul
t
i
pl
i
c
at
i
on
s
agi
t
t
al
i
m
age
w
i
t
h a s
c
a
l
ar
.
T
he nex
t
s
t
e
p
is
t
o t
r
ans
f
or
m
in
t
o
a bi
n
a
r
y
i
m
age
of
a
s
agi
t
t
a
l
i
m
age of
t
he r
es
ul
t
s
of
pr
ev
i
o
us
s
t
eps
.
A
t
t
h
i
s
s
t
age
of
t
he
t
r
a
ns
f
or
m
at
i
on
to
a
bi
nar
y
i
m
age
ex
am
i
nat
i
on
c
onn
ec
t
ed
c
o
m
ponent
of
t
he
i
npu
t
i
m
age
is
a
gr
a
y
-
s
c
al
e i
m
age
.
T
he bi
nar
y
i
m
age
i
s
r
eq
ui
r
ed
as
i
npu
t
id
e
a
ls
on
c
onn
ec
t
ed
c
om
ponent
la
b
e
l
in
g
m
et
hod
.
2.
1
.
C
o
n
n
e
c
te
d
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t L
a
b
e
l
i
n
g
C
onn
ec
t
ed
c
om
pone
nt
l
ab
el
i
ng
is
a
n
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
of
t
he
bi
n
ar
y
i
m
age
.
A
b
i
nar
y
i
m
a
ge
c
an
be
s
egm
ent
ed
b
y
t
h
e
m
et
hod
of
c
onn
ec
t
ed
c
om
pone
n
t
s
.
T
he
pi
x
el
s
i
n
t
he
bi
nar
y
i
m
age
c
an
be
gr
oup
ed
i
n
t
o
on
e
gr
oup
if
it
h
a
s
a
ma
x
i
mu
m
c
onnec
t
ed
nes
s
.
T
o m
e
as
ur
e
m
ax
i
m
al
c
onnec
t
e
dnes
s
b
et
w
e
en
p
i
x
e
ls
us
ed
oper
a
t
or
c
on
ne
c
t
ed c
om
ponent
.
C
on
nec
t
ed c
om
ponent
l
ab
el
i
ng
al
gor
i
t
hm
us
ed
t
o
def
i
ne
or
di
v
i
de
eac
h
c
om
p
onen
t
or
o
bj
ec
t
i
n
t
h
e
b
i
nar
y
i
m
age
.
Ea
c
h
c
onnec
t
e
d
c
om
ponent
i
s
gi
v
en
a
un
i
q
ue
l
abe
l
t
hat
c
an
be
us
e
d
to
det
er
m
i
ne
ho
w
m
a
n
y
c
o
m
ponent
s
ar
e c
onn
ec
t
ed
i
n
a
b
i
nar
y
i
m
age
[
1
7]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
m
a
t
r
ix
is
a
bi
nar
y
i
m
age r
epr
es
en
t
at
i
on
w
h
ic
h
i
s
t
he bac
k
gr
ound
pi
x
el
s
has
a
v
al
ue
of
0
and
pi
x
el
s
t
hat
an
obj
ec
t
has
a
v
al
u
e
of
1.
T
wo
pi
x
el
s
t
hat
h
av
e
a
v
al
ue
of
1,
t
hat
p
an
d
q
ar
e
i
nc
l
ude
d
i
n
t
he
s
am
e
c
onnec
t
ed
c
om
pone
nt
C
if
t
her
e
i
s
a
s
equ
enc
e
w
it
h
one
pi
x
el
v
al
ue
is
(
0
,
1
,
.
.
.
,
)
of
C
w
her
e
0
=
an
d
1
=
.
ar
e
a
ne
i
gh
bor
h
ood
of
−
1
f
or
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
.
.
,
n
de
pen
di
n
g
on t
he
def
i
n
i
t
i
on of
nei
ghb
or
.
T
her
e ar
e
t
wo
k
i
nds
of
def
i
n
i
t
i
ons
of
nei
ghb
or
i
n
g
4
-
c
onnec
t
e
d
a
nd
8
-
c
onnec
t
ed.
I
f
onl
y
t
h
e
eas
t
er
n
,
s
out
her
n
,
w
es
t
er
n
and
nor
t
h
er
n
par
t
of
ne
i
gh
bor
i
ng
r
e
s
u
lt
in
g
in
a
t
er
r
i
t
or
y
t
h
en
c
a
ll
e
d
4
-
c
onnec
t
ed.
B
u
t
if
t
he
n
ot
e i
s
i
n a
ddi
t
i
on t
o
f
our
k
i
nds
of
di
r
ec
t
i
ons
had
added
f
our
m
or
e
,
na
m
el
y
t
he
s
out
h
eas
t
,
s
out
h
w
es
t
,
nor
t
h
w
es
t
a
nd
nor
t
he
as
t
,
it
is
c
a
l
le
d
8
-
c
on
nec
t
ed
[
17]
.
T
he f
ol
l
o
w
i
ng m
at
r
i
x
s
ho
w
s
t
he c
ha
nge
of
t
he c
o
nn
ec
t
ed c
om
ponent
to
t
he u
ni
q
ue
l
ab
el
i
ng
of
eac
h
c
o
nnec
t
ed
c
om
ponent
.
T
he
n
um
ber
of
c
o
m
ponent
s
c
on
nec
t
e
d
t
o
t
he
m
at
r
i
x
is
3
.
F
i
g
u
re
3(
a
)
i
s
a m
at
r
i
x
r
epr
es
ent
a
t
i
o
n of
t
he b
i
n
ar
y
i
m
age
w
i
t
h t
h
e num
ber
of
c
onnec
t
e
d
c
o
m
ponent
s
i
s
3.
E
ac
h c
o
m
ponent
i
s
gi
v
en a u
ni
que
l
abe
l
,
s
o t
h
a
t
t
her
e ar
e t
h
r
ee num
ber
of
l
ab
el
,
i
e
1,
2
an
d
3.
F
i
gur
e
4(
a
)
i
s
a
bi
nar
y
i
m
age
w
i
t
h
f
i
v
e
o
bj
ec
t
s
,
and
F
i
gur
e
4(
b
)
c
onnec
t
e
d
c
o
m
ponent
l
a
be
l
i
n
g
f
or
bi
n
ar
y
i
m
age.
E
ac
h
obj
ec
t
h
as
one
l
a
bel
t
ha
t
i
s
u
ni
que
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
V
o
l.
1
4
,
N
o
.
3
,
S
ept
em
ber
201
6
:
11
05
–
1
112
1108
(a
)
C
onn
ec
t
ed c
om
ponen
t
(
b)
C
onn
ec
t
ed c
om
pone
nt
l
ab
el
F
i
gur
e
3
.
P
r
oc
es
s
of
l
abe
l
i
n
g t
he
c
onn
ec
t
ed c
om
ponen
t
(a
)
B
i
n
ar
y
i
m
age
(
b)
C
onn
ec
t
ed c
om
ponen
t
l
ab
el
i
ng
F
i
gur
e
4
.
An
ex
am
pl
e
of
c
onnec
t
e
d c
om
ponent
l
ab
el
i
n
g
2.
2
.
T
r
a
n
s
fo
r
m
to
B
i
n
ar
y I
m
a
g
e
w
i
th
C
o
n
n
e
c
te
d
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t L
a
b
e
l
s
B
i
n
ar
y
i
m
age
obt
a
i
n
ed
b
y
a
ppl
y
i
ng
t
he
m
et
hod
of
t
he
c
om
ponent
s
ar
e
c
onn
ec
t
ed
t
o t
h
e
gr
a
y
-
s
c
al
e
i
m
age.
T
he
i
n
put
i
m
age
f
or
t
he
c
onnec
t
ed
c
om
ponent
i
s
a
b
i
n
ar
y
i
m
age.
T
he
obj
ec
t
i
v
e of
l
a
be
l
i
n
g i
s
t
o g
et
t
he m
i
ni
m
u
m
v
al
u
e of
c
om
pac
i
t
y
[
18]
.
T
her
e ar
e 8 s
t
eps
t
o g
et
t
he
bi
n
ar
y
i
m
age t
hat
h
as
been
w
e
l
l
s
egm
ent
ed.
E
ac
h s
t
e
p of
t
he pr
oc
es
s
t
o obt
ai
n
e
d bi
n
ar
y
i
m
age
des
c
r
i
bed
as
f
ol
l
o
w
s
:
1.
Labe
l
i
ng i
m
age t
o obt
ai
n
a hom
ogeneous
ar
e
a w
i
t
h
8 pi
x
el
v
a
l
u
es
ar
e c
onne
c
t
ed on t
h
e
i
m
age.
T
he
l
a
be
l
c
ont
ai
ns
an
i
nt
e
ger
w
i
t
h
a
v
al
u
e
of
0
an
d
1
.
T
he
p
i
x
el
w
i
t
h
v
a
l
ue
0
i
s
t
he
bac
k
gr
ound an
d t
h
e p
i
x
el
w
i
t
h
v
a
l
ue
1
i
s
t
he
obj
ec
t
.
2.
C
al
c
u
l
at
e
t
he
i
m
age ar
e
a,
t
he l
eng
t
h of
t
h
e m
aj
or
ax
i
s
and t
he m
i
nor
ax
i
s
l
en
gt
h
o
f
t
he i
m
age
of
t
he l
abe
l
i
ng.
3.
R
em
ov
i
ng s
m
al
l
ar
e
a
s
an
d
t
ak
e gr
eat
ar
e
a
w
i
t
h gr
eat
er
t
han
10
0 p
i
x
el
s
.
4.
C
al
c
u
l
at
e
t
he
v
a
l
ue
c
om
pac
i
t
y
of
t
he
i
m
age.
C
om
pac
i
t
y
v
al
ue
o
bt
a
i
ne
d
f
r
o
m
t
he
m
a
j
or
ax
i
s
l
en
gt
h
di
v
i
ded
b
y
t
h
e l
engt
h
of
t
he m
i
nor
ax
i
s
.
5.
D
et
er
m
i
ne t
he
ar
ea
w
i
t
h m
i
ni
m
u
m
c
o
m
pac
i
t
y
.
6.
C
or
r
ec
t
s
i
ndex
f
or
c
onnec
t
ed
c
om
ponent
w
i
t
h
c
om
pac
i
t
y
m
i
ni
m
u
m
and
hav
e
ar
e
a
m
or
e
t
han
100 pi
x
e
l
s
.
7.
T
he nex
t
s
t
ep
i
s
r
ec
as
t
t
he
i
m
age t
o be d
i
s
p
l
a
y
ed.
8.
I
m
pr
ov
i
ng t
h
e qu
al
i
t
y
of
t
he i
m
age of
t
he t
r
ans
f
o
r
m
at
i
on i
nt
o a
bi
n
ar
y
i
m
age us
i
ng
m
or
phol
og
y
f
i
l
l
b
y
f
i
l
l
i
ng
i
n
ho
l
es
of
t
he bac
k
gr
ound t
hat
c
an no
t
be ac
h
i
e
v
ed
b
y
f
i
l
l
i
ng t
he
bac
k
gr
ound of
t
he
i
m
age.
2.
3
.
F
l
o
w
c
h
a
r
t fo
r
F
i
n
d
in
g
a
n
I
m
a
g
e
o
f
A
b
d
o
m
i
n
a
l
A
o
r
ta
T
o obt
ai
n
an
i
m
age of
t
h
e
abdom
i
na
l
a
or
t
a
has
t
o b
e
c
hec
k
ed eac
h
l
ab
el
i
s
a
n
i
m
age of
t
he a
or
t
a
or
not
.
T
he
f
ol
l
o
w
i
ng i
m
age
i
s
a f
l
o
w
c
h
ar
t
t
o
d
et
er
m
i
ne an
obj
ec
t
t
h
at
di
s
pl
a
y
e
d i
s
aor
t
a
or
not
.
T
he r
es
ul
t
of
t
he s
egm
ent
at
i
o
n pr
oc
es
s
i
s
i
n
t
he f
or
m
of
an i
m
age of
t
he aor
t
a.
A
or
t
i
c
i
m
age s
egm
ent
at
i
on r
es
ul
t
i
s
a b
i
nar
y
i
m
age.
D
et
er
m
i
ni
ng t
he
i
m
age of
t
he
aor
t
a
i
s
don
e
m
anual
l
y
b
y
t
h
e us
er
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
I
S
S
N
:
1
693
-
6
930
S
a
g
i
tta
l
I
mag
e S
eg
ment
at
i
on
fr
o
m
P
at
i
ent
s
w
i
t
h
A
b
do
mi
n
al
A
or
t
i
c
A
n
eur
y
s
ms
(
D.
R
im
in
a
r
s
i
h
)
1109
F
i
gur
e
5
.
F
l
o
w
c
har
t
f
or
f
in
d
i
ng
a
n aor
t
a i
m
age
3.
R
e
su
l
t
s
a
n
d
D
i
scu
s
si
o
n
3.
1
.
R
e
s
u
l
t o
f P
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
M
e
th
o
d
s
T
he i
nput
i
m
age f
or
t
he s
agi
t
t
a
l
i
m
age s
egm
ent
at
i
on i
s
t
he r
es
ul
t
of
t
he ex
am
i
nat
i
o
n of
a
pat
i
ent
w
i
t
h
A
A
A
t
h
at
c
om
pos
ed
of
5 s
l
i
c
es
.
T
he f
i
g
ur
e
be
l
l
o
w
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e r
es
u
l
t
s
o
f
eac
h s
t
ep
i
n
t
he s
egm
ent
at
i
on
pr
oc
es
s
.
F
i
gur
e
6
.
T
he r
es
ul
t
of
eac
h
pr
oc
es
s
I
n
F
ig
ur
e
6
,
on
f
i
g
ur
e
(
A
)
i
s
an
i
np
ut
i
m
age
w
h
i
c
h
t
he
obj
ec
t
of
t
he
a
or
t
a
i
s
m
ar
k
ed
w
i
t
h
ar
r
ow
s
.
I
t
s
how
s
t
hat
t
he
i
nput
i
m
age
has
a
v
er
y
l
o
w
i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y
,
s
o
i
t
is
nee
d
ed
t
o
be
i
m
pr
ov
e
d.
F
i
gur
e (
B
)
i
s
a r
es
u
l
t
of
an
i
nc
r
eas
e i
n
t
he
i
nt
ens
i
t
y
i
m
a
ge
w
i
t
h s
c
al
ar
m
ul
t
i
pl
i
c
at
i
on
.
F
i
gur
e
(
C
)
i
s
t
he
r
es
ul
t
of
t
he
pr
oc
es
s
bi
nar
y
t
r
ans
f
or
m
.
I
n
t
hi
s
i
m
ag
e
anal
y
s
i
s
c
om
ponent
s
ar
e
c
onnec
t
ed
b
y
8
-
c
onnec
t
e
d,
f
ol
l
o
w
e
d
b
y
t
he
pr
o
v
i
s
i
on
of
a
un
i
q
ue
l
a
bel
f
or
eac
h
c
onn
ec
t
ed
c
o
m
ponent
i
n
t
h
e
i
m
age.
F
ur
t
her
m
or
e,
eac
h
l
abe
l
i
s
s
how
n
c
onnec
t
ed
c
om
ponent
c
or
r
es
p
ond
i
ng
t
o
t
he
ac
qu
i
r
ed
i
m
age of
t
he a
or
t
a as
o
n f
i
g
ur
e (
D
)
as
an
out
put
of
t
hi
s
pr
opos
e m
et
hods
.
I
n
F
i
gur
e
6
t
he
i
np
ut
i
m
age
i
s
an
i
m
age
(
e)
i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
1
.
H
er
e
i
s
an
i
m
age
s
egm
ent
at
i
on
r
es
ul
t
s
f
or
al
l
i
n
put
s
w
h
i
c
h
c
an be s
een i
n F
i
g
ur
e
1.
E
ac
h
i
nput
i
m
age
i
s
s
egm
ent
e
d b
y
t
hr
ee
k
i
nds
of
m
et
hods
ar
e c
han
-
v
es
e m
et
hod,
t
he m
anua
l
m
et
hod and t
he
pr
opos
ed
m
et
hod.
C
han
-
v
es
e
m
et
hod
us
ed
t
o
t
r
ans
f
or
m
t
he
i
nput
i
m
age
i
nt
o
a
b
i
n
ar
y
i
m
age.
S
e
l
ec
t
i
on
of
t
he a
or
t
a o
bj
ec
t
s
c
ar
r
i
ed b
y
c
onnec
t
e
d c
om
ponent
l
ab
el
i
ng as
des
c
r
i
be
d i
n F
i
g
ur
e
5
.
I
n
F
i
g
ur
e
7
i
s
gi
v
en
a r
es
ul
t
of
s
egm
e
nt
at
i
on
b
y
C
han
-
v
es
e m
et
hod.
I
n t
he f
i
r
s
t
t
o t
hi
r
d
i
n
put
i
m
age,
t
h
e
m
et
hod v
es
e c
han has
no
t
m
anaged t
o s
egm
ent
t
he i
m
age of
t
he aor
t
a.
I
n t
h
i
s
i
nput
i
m
age,
t
he
aor
t
a
w
hi
c
h
ex
t
en
ds
not
b
een s
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
l
y
ob
t
ai
ned
.
C
han
-
v
es
e m
et
hod
us
es
a t
ec
hn
i
q
ue t
o
m
i
ni
m
i
z
e a f
unc
t
i
on
of
ener
g
y
t
hat
i
s
i
nf
l
u
enc
ed
b
y
t
he
i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y
v
al
ue.
I
n t
h
e pi
c
t
ur
e t
he
el
o
ngat
ed aor
t
a,
t
her
e i
s
a s
ec
t
i
on w
h
i
c
h i
s
di
s
c
onnec
t
ed s
o di
f
f
i
c
ul
t
t
o be s
egm
ent
ed.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SSN
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
930
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
V
o
l.
1
4
,
N
o
.
3
,
S
ept
em
ber
201
6
:
11
05
–
1
112
1110
Mor
eo
v
er
,
t
he
m
agni
t
ud
e
o
f
t
he
i
n
t
ens
i
t
y
of
t
he
aor
t
a
i
n
on
e
o
bj
ec
t
has
a
s
i
gni
f
i
c
ant
di
f
f
er
enc
e
and s
o
di
f
f
i
c
ul
t
t
o
be s
e
gm
ent
ed.
(
a)
(
b)
(c
)
(
d)
(
e)
F
i
gur
e 7.
C
han
-
v
es
e m
et
ho
ds
(
a)
(
b)
(c
)
(
d)
(
e)
F
i
gur
e 8.
M
an
ual
I
n
F
i
g
ur
e
8
c
an
b
e
s
een
s
egm
ent
at
i
o
n
r
es
ul
t
s
w
i
t
h
m
anua
l
.
S
egm
ent
at
i
on
b
y
m
anua
l
l
y
done
b
y
c
r
eat
i
n
g a po
l
y
g
o
n i
n t
h
e i
n
put
i
m
age t
o pr
oduc
e a b
i
n
ar
y
i
m
age as
i
n F
i
gur
e
8
.
A
di
s
ad
v
a
nt
ag
e
of
t
hi
s
m
et
hod
i
s
not
obt
a
i
na
bl
e
t
w
o
s
ep
ar
at
e
i
m
ages
i
nt
o
on
e
s
eg
m
ent
.
P
ol
y
g
on
m
et
hod w
i
l
l
t
ak
e t
he ar
e
a e
nc
l
os
ed
w
i
t
hi
n t
h
e po
l
y
go
n,
s
o t
hat
i
f
t
her
e
ar
e t
w
o s
e
p
ar
at
e
obj
ec
t
s
i
t
m
u
s
t
be do
ne m
anual
l
y
s
eg
m
ent
at
i
on 2
t
i
m
es
s
o i
t
i
s
q
ui
t
e
t
i
m
e c
ons
um
i
ng.
(
a)
(
b)
(c
)
(
d)
(
e)
F
i
gur
e
9.
P
r
opos
e
Me
t
ho
ds
F
i
gur
e
9
i
s
t
he
r
es
u
l
t
of
s
egm
ent
at
i
on
b
y
t
he
pr
opos
e
d
m
et
hod.
A
l
l
of
t
he
i
n
put
i
m
age
(
i
m
age
5 i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
1)
c
an
be
s
egm
ent
ed
an
d
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
l
y
ob
t
ai
ned
goo
d
aor
t
a obj
ec
t
s
and
i
n
ac
c
or
danc
e
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
nput
i
m
age.
F
i
gur
e
9
(
a)
,
(
b)
,
a
n
d
(
c
)
i
s
t
he
i
m
age
of
t
he
s
e
gm
ent
at
i
on
of
t
he
i
np
ut
i
m
age i
n F
i
gur
e
1 (
a)
,
(
b)
,
an
d (
c
)
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
i
m
age c
an be
s
een
t
h
at
t
h
e obj
ec
t
of
t
he
aor
t
a i
s
s
egm
ent
ed ac
c
or
di
ng t
o t
h
e i
np
ut
i
m
age i
n t
he f
or
m
of
an el
on
gat
e
d a
or
t
a and ha
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KO
M
NI
K
A
I
S
S
N
:
1
693
-
6
930
S
a
g
i
tta
l
I
mag
e S
eg
ment
at
i
on
fr
o
m
P
at
i
ent
s
w
i
t
h
A
b
do
mi
n
al
A
or
t
i
c
A
n
eur
y
s
ms
(
D.
R
im
in
a
r
s
i
h
)
1111
s
t
ar
t
ed
t
o
a
ppe
ar
par
t
of
t
he
aor
t
a
t
h
at
s
uf
f
er
ed
aneur
y
s
m
.
I
n
F
i
gur
e
9
(
c
)
,
par
t
of
t
he
aor
t
a
t
ha
t
ex
t
ends
s
e
em
ed di
s
c
onn
ec
t
ed,
t
hi
s
i
s
d
ue t
o t
h
e pr
oc
e
s
s
of
t
r
ans
f
or
m
at
i
on t
o
a b
i
nar
y
i
m
age,
a
s
ec
t
i
on w
i
t
h v
er
y
l
o
w
i
nt
e
ns
i
t
y
i
s
gi
v
e
n a
v
al
u
e
of
z
er
o.
I
n
F
i
gur
e
9
(
d)
and
(
e)
i
s
a
n
i
m
age
s
egm
ent
at
i
on r
es
u
l
t
s
of
t
he
i
np
ut
i
m
age i
n F
i
gur
e
1 (
a)
,
(
b)
,
and (
c
)
.
S
egm
ent
a
t
i
on r
es
u
l
t
s
f
or
ex
per
i
e
nc
i
n
g aor
t
a a
neur
y
s
m
w
i
t
h t
h
e pr
o
pos
ed
m
et
hod
w
er
e
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
l
y
ob
t
ai
ne
d v
er
y
w
el
l
.
3.
2
.
D
i
scu
s
si
o
n
B
as
ed o
n F
i
gur
e
1 t
her
e ar
e 5 i
npu
t
i
m
ages
t
o t
he s
eg
m
ent
at
i
on pr
oc
es
s
.
T
he f
i
r
s
t
i
m
age
i
s
an
i
m
age
1
(
a)
c
an
not
be
s
egm
ent
ed
us
i
n
g
m
et
hods
c
han
-
v
es
e,
l
es
s
r
epr
es
ent
at
i
v
e
w
i
t
h m
anua
l
m
et
hods
w
i
t
h
t
he p
ar
t
s
t
hat
ar
e n
ot
c
on
n
ec
t
ed,
a
nd c
a
n be s
egm
ent
ed b
y
e
i
t
h
er
us
i
ng
t
he
pr
o
pos
ed
m
et
hod.
T
he
s
ec
on
d
a
nd
t
hi
r
d
i
m
age
t
hat
F
i
gur
e
1
(
b)
an
d
(
c
)
f
or
t
he
par
t
s
t
hat
ha
v
e al
r
e
ad
y
ane
ur
y
s
m
c
an be s
egm
ent
ed b
y
t
he m
et
hod C
han
-
v
es
e b
ut
f
or
par
t
aor
t
i
c
aneur
y
s
m
i
s
ex
per
i
enc
e
c
an not
b
e s
egm
ent
ed.
R
es
ul
t
s
f
or
t
he m
anual
m
et
hod l
es
s
r
epr
es
ent
a
t
i
v
e
w
i
t
h t
he m
anua
l
m
et
hod t
hat
i
s
t
he par
t
t
hat
i
s
not
c
onnec
t
ed i
s
not
v
i
s
i
b
l
e.
A
s
f
or
t
he
s
egm
ent
at
i
on
r
es
u
l
t
s
w
i
t
h
t
he
pr
o
pos
ed
m
et
hod
i
s
v
er
y
go
od.
T
he
f
our
t
h
an
d
f
i
f
t
h
i
m
age
i
s
t
he
i
m
age
1
(
d)
an
d
(
e)
ar
e
par
t
of
t
he
aor
t
a
t
h
at
u
nder
g
o
ane
ur
y
s
m
.
T
h
i
s
i
m
age
w
as
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
l
y
s
egm
ent
ed u
s
i
ng t
hr
e
e m
et
hods
.
S
e
gm
ent
at
i
o
n r
es
ul
t
s
w
i
t
h C
ha
n
-
v
es
e m
et
hod,
t
he
m
anual
m
et
hod
a
nd
t
he
pr
op
os
ed
m
et
hod
i
s
a
l
m
os
t
t
he
s
a
m
e
but
t
he
bes
t
r
es
ul
t
i
s
s
egm
ent
at
i
on
w
i
t
h
pr
o
pos
e m
et
hod.
S
a
g
i
tta
l
i
m
age as
a
n i
nput
i
m
age c
an be c
l
as
s
i
f
i
ed
i
nt
o
t
w
o
gr
oups
,
on
e i
s
i
np
ut
i
m
age
i
n
t
he f
or
m
of
el
ong
at
e
d a
or
t
a
an
d a
neur
y
s
m
and s
ec
on
d
gr
ou
p
i
s
i
npu
t
i
m
age
w
i
t
h s
ec
t
i
on
o
z
.
T
he
m
ai
n
di
f
f
i
c
ul
t
y
i
s
s
egm
ent
i
n
g
t
he
i
m
age
f
or
t
he
f
i
r
s
t
gr
o
up
ex
p
er
i
e
nc
ed
C
han
-
ve
s
e
m
et
hods
and
m
anual
m
et
hods
.
S
ag
i
t
t
a
l
i
m
age s
eg
m
ent
at
i
on m
et
ho
ds
pr
opos
e
d pr
em
i
s
es
not
ha
v
i
n
g
pr
obl
em
s
i
nc
l
udi
n
g an e
l
o
ngat
ed obj
ec
t
a
or
t
a (
t
he
i
nput
i
m
age f
or
t
he f
i
r
s
t
g
r
oup)
.
O
bj
ec
t
s
abdom
i
na
l
aor
t
i
c
as
a r
es
u
l
t
of
t
he s
egm
ent
at
i
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
l
ook
s
good v
i
s
ua
l
l
y
.
T
he
r
es
ul
t
s
of
t
hi
s
s
egm
ent
at
i
on c
a
n be
us
ed
f
or
f
ur
t
her
ana
l
y
s
i
s
of
A
A
A
pat
i
ent
s
,
f
or
ex
am
pl
e r
el
at
e
d t
o t
h
e b
l
oo
d
f
l
ow
m
odel
a
nd m
eas
ur
e
m
ent
t
he d
i
am
et
er
of
t
he
aor
t
i
c
an
eur
y
s
m
w
h
i
c
h c
an b
e
us
ed f
or
t
r
eat
m
ent
.
4
.
C
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
T
he pr
opos
ed m
et
hod i
n t
hi
s
s
t
ud
y
h
as
bee
n s
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
l
y
us
ed t
o g
et
t
he a
b
dom
i
nal
aor
t
a f
r
om
MR
I
s
agi
t
t
al
i
m
age.
T
hi
s
s
egm
ent
at
i
on m
et
hod
i
s
bas
e
d o
n t
h
e pr
i
nc
i
pl
e of
c
onnec
t
ed
c
o
m
ponent
l
ab
el
i
ng
.
T
he obj
ec
t
of
t
he aor
t
a r
es
ul
t
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
s
eg
m
ent
at
i
o
n
m
et
hod
i
s
qui
t
e n
i
c
e
v
i
s
u
a
lly
.
T
he
5
s
lic
e
s
f
r
o
m
MR
I
s
agi
t
t
al
i
m
age,
aor
t
i
c
obj
ec
t
f
or
eac
h
s
l
i
c
e al
w
a
y
s
s
uc
c
es
s
f
ul
l
y
obt
a
i
ne
d.
B
ut
i
n t
hi
s
pr
o
pos
ed s
egm
ent
at
i
on m
et
hod,
d
et
er
m
i
nat
i
o
n of
aor
t
i
c
obj
ec
t
or
not
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
done
m
anual
l
y
w
hi
c
h
at
t
he
t
i
m
e w
as
c
a
l
l
ed a
nd
di
s
p
l
a
y
e
d
on
eac
h
l
a
bel
c
onn
ec
t
ed c
om
ponen
t
c
or
r
es
pondi
ng t
o t
h
at
l
ab
el
.
T
her
ef
or
e,
t
he
pr
op
os
ed s
egm
ent
at
i
on m
et
hod
i
s
s
t
i
l
l
a s
em
i
-
aut
om
at
i
c
.
T
hi
s
pr
opos
ed
m
et
hod
i
s
our
pr
el
i
m
i
nar
y
s
t
ud
y
i
n
c
as
e
A
A
A
pat
i
e
nt
s
.
T
he
pr
opos
ed
m
et
hod s
t
i
l
l
ne
eds
t
o
be
ap
pl
i
c
a
t
ed
t
o a
not
her
A
A
A
pa
t
i
ent
.
R
ef
er
en
ces
[1
]
J
ohn
s
t
o
n K
W
,
R
ut
h
er
f
or
d
R
B
,
T
i
l
s
on
M
D
,
et
al
.
S
ug
ge
s
t
ed
s
t
andar
ds
f
or
r
epor
t
i
ng
on
ar
t
er
i
al
aneur
y
s
m
s
S
ub
c
o
m
m
i
t
t
ee on
R
epor
t
i
ng S
t
a
ndar
d
s
f
or
A
r
t
er
i
al
A
ne
ur
y
s
m
s
.
J
Va
s
c
Su
rg
.
1991;
13
:
452
-
45
8.
[2
]
S
zi
l
a
g
yi
D
E
,
E
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[3
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C
onw
ay
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P
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ne J
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end M
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[4
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D
ar
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or
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ul
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.
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)
:
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16
4.
[5
]
C
r
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J
L,
M
ur
phy
T
F
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el
eno
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k
G
B
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r
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m
s
.
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ur
ger
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.
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98:
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-
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83.
[6
]
Ni
c
h
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s
S
C
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ar
dner
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ei
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ohans
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.
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upt
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.
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-
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8.
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[7
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.
[8
]
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l
ger
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he I
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:
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[9
]
J
am
al
I
b
aa,
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k
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U
s
m
an,
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ar
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na
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et
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m
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epr
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i
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oi
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e
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egm
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nt
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on
.
T
EL
KO
M
N
I
KA
.
2012;
1
0(
3)
:
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37
-
54
4.
[
10]
B
abi
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ev
os
b
D
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i
ˇ
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ur
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aa
A
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gc
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ans
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een
k
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s
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ea E
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s
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ent
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o
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ul
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o
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o
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put
er
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z
ed
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edi
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al
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m
agi
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nd G
r
ap
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s
.
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;
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8:
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-
189
.
[
11]
S
c
hr
ei
bm
a
nn
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,
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av
i
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cu
s,
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i
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o
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.
M
ul
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et
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ed l
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l
s
ea
r
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h.
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our
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a
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edi
c
al
P
hy
s
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s
.
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014;
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4)
:
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-
38.
[
12]
G
onz
al
ez
R
C
,
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oo
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.
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i
gi
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m
age
P
r
oc
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s
i
n
g
.
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hi
r
d e
d
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.
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ear
s
on
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ent
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c
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al
l
.
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008.
.
[
13]
W
ang
Y
,
J
o
l
I
,
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on
g
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,
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h
i
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g
-
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ung
Y
au,
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ony
F
C
h
an.
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egm
ent
at
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on
and
T
r
a
c
k
i
ng
of
3D
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eur
o
n
M
i
c
r
os
c
op
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I
m
age
s
U
s
i
ng
a P
D
E
B
as
ed
M
et
hod and
C
onn
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c
t
ed C
om
pone
nt
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bel
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al
g
or
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t
hm
.
Li
f
e
S
c
i
en
c
e S
y
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t
em
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an
d A
pp
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i
c
at
i
ons
W
o
r
k
s
h
op.
B
et
he
s
da,
M
D
.
2006
:
1
-
2.
[
14]
T
C
han
,
L
V
es
e.
A
c
t
i
v
e
c
on
t
o
ur
s
w
i
t
hou
t
e
dge
s
.
I
E
E
E
t
r
an
s
ac
t
i
ons
on
i
m
age
pr
o
c
e
s
s
i
ng
.
2001;
10(
2)
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266
-
27
7.
[
15]
A
l
f
i
an
s
y
ah,
A
g
ung.
A
U
n
i
f
i
e
d I
m
ag
e E
ner
gy
A
ppr
oa
c
h f
or
S
egm
ent
at
i
on
us
i
ng B
S
pl
i
ne S
na
k
e
.
T
EL
KO
M
N
I
KA
.
2010;
8
(2
):
1
75
-
186.
[
16]
R
ak
hm
adi
A
,
R
ahi
m
M
SM
,
B
ade A
,
H
ar
o
n H
,
A
m
i
n I
M
.
Loop B
ac
k
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on
nec
t
ed C
o
m
po
n
ent
La
bel
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l
gor
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t
hm
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t
s
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m
p
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e
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ent
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et
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ac
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I
nt
er
n
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o
ur
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,
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l
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al
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ut
om
at
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o
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ont
r
ol
and I
nf
or
m
at
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on E
n
gi
ne
er
i
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g
.
2
010;
4(
4
)
:
635
-
640.
[
17]
H
ar
al
i
c
k
R
ober
t
M
,
Li
nda
G
S
hapi
r
o
.
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om
p
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obot
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o
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ol
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I
.
A
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on
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ey
.
199
2:
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-
48.
[
18]
Ka
ry
a
t
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C
M.
R
ek
ons
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r
uk
s
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k
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l
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ar
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a A
or
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at
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hr
om
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as
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P
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R
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.
P
hD
.
D
epok
:
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unadar
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a
U
n
i
ve
r
s
i
t
y;
2
013.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.