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h
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h
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u
ca
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tit
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[
1
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I
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ly
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HE
I
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
i
n
I
n
d
o
n
esia.
1
4
h
y
p
o
t
h
ese
s
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
w
er
e
th
e
n
tes
ted
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
8
h
y
p
o
th
e
s
es
w
er
e
r
ej
ec
ted
af
ter
th
e
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
al
m
o
d
el
as
s
ess
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
th
e
f
ac
to
r
s
t
h
at
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
I
T
I
R
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
co
v
er
s
f
iv
e
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
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h
e
f
ir
s
t p
ar
t o
f
t
h
i
s
ar
ticle
i
s
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
w
h
ic
h
r
ev
ea
l
t
h
e
m
o
d
e
lin
g
a
n
d
p
ilo
t
s
t
u
d
y
.
Me
a
n
w
h
i
le
th
e
th
ir
d
p
ar
t
is
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
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et
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lied
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e
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ilo
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d
y
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w
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ic
h
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f
o
ll
o
w
ed
b
y
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e
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h
f
i
n
d
in
g
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a
n
d
th
e
d
ata
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al
y
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i
s
.
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w
in
g
p
ar
t
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is
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s
s
io
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ata
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at
en
d
s
w
it
h
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e
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c
h
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n
clu
s
io
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
o
d
el
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
m
o
del
As
s
tated
b
y
Ma
tti
S
y
n
co
,
th
e
f
ac
to
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s
t
h
at
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v
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a
n
i
n
f
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u
e
n
ce
o
n
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
o
f
I
C
T
in
Hi
g
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
(
HE
I
)
ar
e
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
o
u
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
,
n
a
m
el
y
g
lo
b
al
ch
alle
n
g
e,
b
e
n
ef
its
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
;
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
f
ac
to
r
s
;
b
ar
r
ier
an
d
lim
i
tati
o
n
to
I
C
T
ap
p
licatio
n
;
an
d
p
o
liti
ca
l
is
s
u
es.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
A
le
m
a
y
e
h
u
Mo
lla
an
d
P
au
l
S.
L
ic
k
er
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
te
d
th
e
r
o
le
an
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
e
-
r
ea
d
in
es
s
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
(
P
OE
R
)
an
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
e
-
r
ea
d
in
e
s
s
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
(
P
E
E
R
)
,
w
h
ic
h
i
n
clu
d
ed
i
n
n
o
v
ati
v
e,
m
an
a
g
er
ial,
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al,
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
a
s
d
eter
m
in
a
n
t
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
I
T
ad
o
p
tio
n
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
in
HE
I
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
wo
r
k
o
f
e
-
r
ea
d
in
e
s
s
m
o
d
el
w
h
ic
h
(
1
)
ca
n
b
e
r
eu
s
ed
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
th
a
t
ar
e
n
o
t
b
o
u
n
d
to
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
m
o
m
e
n
t
i
n
ti
m
e,
an
d
(
2
)
in
clu
d
es
all
r
elev
a
n
t
v
ar
iab
les
[
1
1
]
,
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
i
n
clu
d
e
p
eo
p
le,
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
in
d
icato
r
is
ea
s
y
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
an
d
h
a
s
r
elev
a
n
t
f
ac
to
r
s
f
o
r
I
T
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
in
HE
I
[
1
3
]
,
w
h
ile
e
-
r
ea
d
in
e
s
s
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
co
r
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
in
ter
n
atio
n
a
l
s
o
cio
-
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
f
o
r
its
ab
ili
t
y
to
ch
a
n
g
e
s
o
ciet
y
m
o
v
e
m
en
t
f
r
o
m
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l
r
elatio
n
to
a
m
o
r
e
m
o
d
er
n
w
a
y
o
f
th
in
k
i
n
g
o
r
d
ea
lin
g
w
it
h
h
ea
lt
h
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
[
1
4
]
,
s
o
HE
I
is
ab
le
to
h
a
v
e
a
s
m
ar
t
ca
m
p
u
s
w
it
h
I
T
u
til
izatio
n
i
n
d
icato
r
s
o
n
HE
I
t
h
at
ar
e
u
s
ed
i
n
o
p
ti
m
al
a
n
d
m
a
s
s
i
v
e
m
an
n
er
s
[
1
5
]
.
A
n
o
t
h
er
f
ac
to
r
th
at
in
f
l
u
en
ce
s
th
e
s
u
cc
es
s
o
f
I
T
im
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
in
HE
I
i
s
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
I
T
s
er
v
ices a
d
j
u
s
ted
to
I
n
s
t
itu
tio
n
al
C
o
n
te
x
t
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
elli
n
g
in
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
is
b
u
ilt
b
y
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
,
ad
ap
tin
g
a
n
d
ad
o
p
tin
g
e
x
is
tin
g
m
o
d
els
u
s
i
n
g
I
n
p
u
t
-
P
r
o
ce
s
s
-
O
u
tp
u
t
lo
g
ic
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
n
e
w
m
o
d
el
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
s
1
an
d
2
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
an
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
,
4
2
in
d
icato
r
s
w
er
e
u
s
ed
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
I
T
im
p
le
m
en
tatio
n
r
ea
d
in
e
s
s
i
n
HE
I
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
P
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
t
h
er
e
w
er
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4
6
in
d
icato
r
s
in
ter
co
n
n
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ted
,
b
u
t
th
eir
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m
b
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w
a
s
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
in
to
4
2
in
d
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s
ac
co
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d
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to
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ec
o
m
m
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n
d
at
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s
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f
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h
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co
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u
cted
s
t
u
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ies
th
at
ai
m
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
d
icato
r
v
alid
atio
n
,
p
r
e
-
te
s
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
1
6
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18
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2
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8
6
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869
862
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
u
s
in
g
q
u
a
n
ti
tativ
e
m
et
h
o
d
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
an
in
d
u
cti
v
e
-
q
u
an
titati
v
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
co
n
d
u
cted
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
r
v
e
y
r
es
u
lt
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
i
s
q
u
a
n
titati
v
e
r
esear
ch
is
i
n
te
n
d
ed
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
m
o
d
el,
b
o
th
lo
g
icall
y
an
d
e
m
p
ir
icall
y
.
L
o
g
ica
l
v
a
li
d
atio
n
is
d
o
n
e
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
is
lo
g
ica
ll
y
a
n
al
y
ze
d
i
n
a
cc
o
r
d
an
ce
w
it
h
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t
an
d
a
s
p
ec
ts
e
x
p
r
ess
e
d
,
w
h
ile
e
m
p
ir
ical
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
w
o
r
k
s
w
h
en
an
i
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
c
an
r
ev
ea
l
all
d
ata
ca
p
tu
r
ed
b
y
t
h
e
f
i
v
e
s
e
n
s
es
e
x
is
ti
n
g
in
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
ts
o
f
t
h
e
r
es
ea
r
ch
f
ield
[
1
7
,
1
8
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
t
h
is
q
u
a
n
titati
v
e
r
esear
ch
is
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
o
b
j
ec
tiv
it
y
,
co
n
s
i
s
ten
c
y
a
n
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
d
ata
o
r
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
t
h
at
ar
e
re
lated
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
m
o
d
el,
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
m
an
y
p
eo
p
le
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
to
w
ar
d
s
d
ata.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
d
ata,
th
e
p
o
in
t
f
r
o
m
th
is
v
al
id
atio
n
s
tu
d
y
is
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
tak
e
h
o
ld
er
s
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
th
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
r
ev
i
s
ed
th
e
f
ir
s
t
m
o
d
el
b
y
r
ep
o
s
itio
n
i
n
g
th
e
v
ar
iab
les
s
o
th
at
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
b
et
w
ee
n
v
ar
iab
les
w
ith
in
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
.
Me
an
w
h
i
le,
w
it
h
i
n
t
h
e
o
th
er
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
also
r
e
f
o
r
m
u
l
ated
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
a
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
b
y
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ati
n
g
th
e
T
E
SC
A
m
o
d
el
as
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
n
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
I
n
g
r
ap
h
ical
il
lu
s
tr
atio
n
,
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
m
o
d
el
a
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
ef
er
en
ce
o
f
I
n
d
icato
r
s
C
o
d
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
I
T
C
1
T
i
me
l
i
n
e
ss
[
19]
,
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
,
[
1
1
]
I
T
C
2
C
o
mp
l
e
t
e
n
e
ss
I
T
C
3
C
o
n
si
s
t
e
n
c
y
I
T
C
4
R
e
l
e
v
a
n
c
e
I
T
C
5
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
C
o
mp
l
e
x
i
t
y
I
T
C
6
I
n
f
o
r
mat
i
o
n
Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
I
T
C
7
S
y
st
e
m Q
u
a
l
i
t
y
I
T
C
8
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
U
se
f
u
l
n
e
ss
I
T
C
9
P
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
Ea
se
o
f
U
se
I
N
C
1
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
P
o
l
i
c
i
e
s
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
2
]
,
[
1
0
]
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[
3
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.
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ticu
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lt
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ch
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ar
ticip
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t,
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ata
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llectio
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ata
m
ea
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en
t,
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ata
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al
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d
p
u
b
licatio
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o
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h
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is
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lts
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r
eo
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er
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e
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w
o
li
m
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t
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s
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at
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h
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u
s
t
k
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in
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s
.
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esea
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ch
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i
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co
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d
it
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o
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a
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i
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itu
tio
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b
ei
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g
s
tu
d
ied
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Seco
n
d
,
alth
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
in
v
o
l
v
e
m
en
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o
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ta
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eh
o
ld
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in
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T
im
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ta
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ch
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tio
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w
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m
atio
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t
s
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t
r
e
g
ar
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tain
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p
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th
e
s
u
r
v
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tr
u
m
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h
er
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o
r
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s
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co
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tr
o
l
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o
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p
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al
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s
u
lt
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t
u
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y
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ad
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itio
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t
w
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m
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tan
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s
o
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m
p
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tatio
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r
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ess
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ca
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to
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o
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t
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p
r
ac
tical
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id
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s
a
m
p
led
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ak
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h
e
av
ai
lab
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f
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ate
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ic
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lan
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d
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t
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p
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ca
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tly
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ath
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ed
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f
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tu
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s
.
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h
u
s
,
f
u
r
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ch
ca
n
ad
o
p
t th
is
th
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s
e
f
in
d
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g
s
,
b
y
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o
n
s
id
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in
g
th
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itatio
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s
s
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R
esear
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b
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C
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tr
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an
d
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t
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at
s
u
p
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d
f
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d
s
th
is
r
esear
c
h
p
u
b
licatio
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
m
s.
F
a
u
z
iah
,
S
.
Ko
m
,
Pen
g
a
n
t
a
r T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
I
n
fo
rm
a
si
.
Ba
n
d
u
n
g
:
M
u
a
ra
In
d
a
h
,
2
0
1
0
.
[2
]
R.
E.
I
n
d
ra
ji
t
,
“
P
ERA
NA
N S
T
R
AT
E
G
IS
T
IK D
ALA
M
DU
NI
A
P
ENDID
IKA
N,” 2
0
1
1
.
[3
]
R.
E.
I
n
d
ra
ji
t
,
“
Re
n
stra
ti
k
,
”
S
e
ri
9
9
9
E
-
Arti
k
e
l
S
ist.
d
a
n
T
e
k
n
o
l.
I
n
f.
,
n
o
.
C
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
M
.
A
li
a
n
d
F
.
Wah
id
,
“
P
e
rm
a
sa
la
h
a
n
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tas
i
S
iste
m
In
f
o
r
m
a
si
Di
P
e
rg
u
ru
a
n
T
in
g
g
i
S
w
a
st
a
,
”
J
.
Ilm.
T
e
k
n
o
l.
S
ist.
I
n
f.
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
–
2
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[5
]
A
.
R.
A
ra
d
e
a
,
Hu
sn
i
M
u
b
a
ro
k
,
“
Blu
e
p
ri
n
t
T
e
k
n
o
lo
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i
In
f
o
rm
a
si
Un
tu
k
M
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in
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ra
sik
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n
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istem
In
f
o
r
m
a
si
P
e
rg
u
r
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a
n
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in
g
g
i,
”
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o
.
A
P
RIL
2
0
1
3
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[6
]
G.
-
G
.
L
e
e
a
n
d
B.
Ro
n
g
-
Ji,
“
Org
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
a
l
m
e
c
h
a
n
ism
s
f
o
r
su
c
c
e
s
sf
u
l
IS
/IT
stra
t
e
g
ic
p
lan
n
in
g
in
t
h
e
d
ig
it
a
l
e
ra
,
”
M
a
n
a
g
.
De
c
is.
,
v
o
l.
4
1
,
n
o
.
1
/
2
,
p
p
.
3
2
–
4
2
,
2
0
0
3
.
[7
]
H.
Dw
i
A
p
ri
y
a
n
to
,
R
u
d
i
.
a
n
d
P
r
i
h
a
n
to
n
o
P
u
tro
,
“
T
in
g
k
a
t
k
e
g
a
g
a
l
a
n
d
a
n
k
e
b
e
rh
a
silan
p
ro
y
e
k
siste
m
in
f
o
r
m
a
si
d
i
in
d
o
n
e
sia
,
”
S
e
min
.
Na
s.
T
e
k
n
o
l.
I
n
f.
d
a
n
Ko
m
u
n
.
2
0
1
8
(
S
ENT
IKA
2
0
1
8
)
,
v
o
l.
2
0
1
8
,
n
o
.
S
e
n
ti
k
a
,
p
p
.
2
3
–
2
4
,
2
0
1
8
.
[8
]
A
.
S
u
b
iy
a
k
to
,
A
.
R.
A
h
lan
,
M
.
K
a
rti
w
i,
a
n
d
S
.
J.
P
u
tra,
“
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
p
ro
jec
t
su
c
c
e
ss
o
f
th
e
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
i
n
stit
u
ti
o
n
s i
n
In
d
o
n
e
sia
:
A
p
il
o
t
st
u
d
y
,
”
In
t.
J
.
Bu
s.
I
n
f.
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l
.
2
3
,
n
o
.
2
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
M
.
Irf
a
n
,
S
.
J.
P
u
tra,
a
n
d
C
.
N.
A
la
m
,
“
E
-
Re
a
d
in
e
ss
f
o
r
ICT
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
Hig
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
In
stit
u
ti
o
n
s
i
n
th
e
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
,
”
6
t
h
I
n
t.
C
o
n
f
.
Cy
b
e
r IT
S
e
rv
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
(
CIT
S
M
2
0
1
8
)
,
n
o
.
CIT
S
M
,
p
p
.
3
–
8
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
0
]
A
.
M
o
ll
a
a
n
d
P
.
S
.
L
ick
e
r,
“
P
e
rc
e
iv
e
d
E
-
Re
a
d
in
e
ss
F
a
c
to
rs
in
E
-
Co
m
m
e
rc
e
A
d
o
p
ti
o
n
:
A
n
Em
p
iri
c
a
l
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
in
a
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
C
o
u
n
try
,
”
In
t.
J
.
El
e
c
tro
n
.
C
o
mm
e
r.
,
v
o
l.
1
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
8
3
–
1
1
0
,
2
0
0
5
.
[1
1
]
A
.
Tarv
id
,
M
e
a
su
rin
g
t
h
e
E
-
Rea
d
in
e
ss
o
f
Hi
g
h
e
r E
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
In
st
it
u
t
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n
s
,
v
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l.
6
,
n
o
.
1
0
2
.
2
0
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.
[1
2
]
E.
C.
W
.
L
o
u
a
n
d
J.
S
.
G
o
u
l
d
in
g
,
“
Org
a
n
isa
ti
o
n
a
l
E
-
Re
a
d
in
e
ss
in
th
e
Bu
il
t
E
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t :
P
e
o
p
le ,
P
r
o
c
e
ss
,
”
2
0
0
8
.
[1
3
]
M
.
Ka
sh
o
rd
a
a
n
d
T
.
M
.
W
a
e
m
a
,
“
ICT
In
d
ica
to
rs
in
Hig
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
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o
w
a
rd
s
a
n
E
-
re
a
d
in
e
ss
A
ss
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ss
m
e
n
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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Pro
c
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re
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t
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Ub
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Ne
t
Al
li
a
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e
A
n
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u
.
C
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f.
,
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p
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5
7
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6
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[1
4
]
H.
A
la
a
ra
j
a
n
d
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.
W
.
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ra
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im
,
“
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n
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t.
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.
S
c
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.
Res
.
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4
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1
2
,
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p
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1
–
5
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2
0
1
4
.
[1
5
]
M
a
rc
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l,
“
A
stu
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y
o
f
T
ES
C
A
a
n
In
d
o
n
e
sia
’
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
e
-
re
a
d
in
e
ss
a
ss
e
ss
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
e
l,
”
2
0
1
5
In
t
.
Co
n
f.
I
n
f.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
S
y
st.
In
n
o
v
.
ICI
T
S
I
2
0
1
5
-
Pro
c
.
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
6
]
M
.
Kiu
la,
E.
W
a
ig
a
n
jo
,
a
n
d
J.
Kih
o
r
o
,
“
No
v
e
l
E
-
Re
a
d
in
e
ss
Ac
c
e
s
sio
n
in
Hig
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
In
stit
u
ti
o
n
s
in
Ke
n
y
a
,
”
In
t.
J
.
M
a
n
a
g
.
S
t
u
d
.
Res
.
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
–
1
1
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[1
7
]
S
u
g
iy
o
n
o
,
“
M
e
to
d
e
r
P
e
n
e
li
t
ian
E
v
a
lu
a
si,”
Al
fa
b
e
t
a
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
8
]
J.
W
.
Cre
s
w
e
ll
,
Res
e
a
rc
h
De
sig
n
:
Qu
a
li
ta
ti
v
e
,
Q
u
a
n
ti
t
a
ti
v
e
,
a
n
d
M
ixe
d
M
e
th
o
d
s A
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
.
2
0
1
3
.
[1
9
]
M
.
P
.
J.
D.
S
in
k
o
,
“
F
a
c
to
rs In
f
lu
e
n
c
in
g
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
ICT
in
Hig
h
e
r
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
,
2
0
0
2
.
[2
0
]
C.
M
a
c
h
a
d
o
,
“
De
v
e
lo
p
i
n
g
a
n
e
-
re
a
d
in
e
ss
m
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
h
ig
h
e
r
e
d
u
c
a
t
io
n
i
n
stit
u
ti
o
n
s:
Re
su
lt
s
o
f
a
f
o
c
u
s
g
ro
u
p
stu
d
y
,
”
Br.
J
.
Ed
u
c
.
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
.
,
v
o
l
.
3
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
7
2
–
8
2
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
1
]
M
.
Irf
a
n
,
S
.
J.
P
u
tra,
C
.
N.
A
la
m
,
A
.
S
u
b
iy
a
k
to
,
a
n
d
A
.
W
a
h
a
n
a
,
“
Re
a
d
in
e
ss
f
a
c
to
rs
f
o
r
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
stra
teg
ic
p
lan
n
in
g
a
m
o
n
g
u
n
iv
e
rsiti
e
s
in
d
e
v
e
lo
p
in
g
c
o
u
n
tri
e
s:
A
s
y
st
e
m
a
ti
c
re
v
i
e
w
,
”
in
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ph
y
sic
s:
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
S
e
rie
s
,
v
o
l.
9
7
8
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
2
]
R.
A
.
Do
s
Re
is
a
n
d
M
.
Do
Ca
rm
o
Du
a
rte
F
re
it
a
s,
“
Crit
ica
l
f
a
c
to
rs
o
n
i
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
a
n
d
u
se
:
A
n
a
n
a
l
y
sis
o
n
sm
a
ll
a
n
d
m
e
d
i
u
m
Bra
z
il
ian
c
lo
th
i
n
g
in
d
u
stries
,
”
Pro
c
e
d
ia
Co
m
p
u
t.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l.
3
1
,
n
o
.
It
q
m
,
p
p
.
1
0
5
–
1
1
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
3
]
A
.
S
u
b
iy
a
k
to
,
A
.
R.
A
h
lan
,
M
.
Ka
rti
w
i,
S
.
J.
P
u
tra,
a
n
d
Y
.
Du
r
a
c
h
m
a
n
,
“
T
h
e
u
se
r
sa
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
o
n
p
e
rsp
e
c
ti
v
e
s
o
f
th
e
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
p
ro
jec
ts,”
In
d
o
n
e
s.
J
.
E
lec
tr.
En
g
.
C
o
mp
u
t.
S
c
i.
,
v
o
l
.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
1
5
–
2
2
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
4
]
A
.
W
a
h
y
u
d
in
a
n
d
Z.
A
.
Ha
s
ib
u
a
n
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
Clas
si
f
ica
ti
o
n
in
S
trate
g
ic
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
s
tem
P
lan
n
in
g
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t:
A
Crit
ica
l
Re
v
ie
w
.
”
[2
5
]
F
.
W
a
b
w
o
b
a
,
S
.
Om
u
tere
m
a
,
G.
W
a
n
y
e
m
b
i,
a
n
d
K.
Om
ien
o
,
“
G
r
e
e
n
ICT
Re
a
d
in
e
ss
M
o
d
e
l
f
o
r
De
v
e
lo
p
in
g
Eco
n
o
m
ies
:
Ca
se
o
f
Ke
n
y
a
,
”
In
t.
J
.
Ad
v
.
C
o
mp
u
t.
S
c
i.
A
p
p
l.
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
1
–
6
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
6
]
R.
Ku
rd
i,
A
.
T
a
leb
-
Be
n
d
iab
,
M
.
Ra
n
d
les
,
a
n
d
M
.
T
a
y
lo
r,
“
E
-
G
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
sy
st
e
m
s
a
n
d
c
lo
u
d
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
(Re
a
d
in
e
ss
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
s
is),
”
Pro
c
.
-
4
th
In
t
.
Co
n
f.
De
v
.
e
S
y
ste
ms
En
g
.
De
S
E
2
0
1
1
,
p
p
.
4
0
4
–
4
0
9
,
2
0
1
1
.
[2
7
]
M
a
rc
e
l,
“
A
c
o
n
c
e
p
tu
a
l
g
re
e
n
-
ICT
i
m
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
m
o
d
e
l
b
a
se
d
-
o
n
ZE
N
a
n
d
G
-
re
a
d
in
e
ss
f
ra
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
”
2
0
1
6
In
t
.
Co
n
f.
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
c
s C
o
mp
u
t
.
ICIC
2
0
1
6
,
n
o
.
Ic
ic,
p
p
.
9
9
–
1
0
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
8
]
M
.
Irf
a
n
,
J.
P
.
S
y
o
p
ian
s
y
a
h
,
a
n
d
A
.
R.
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
,
“
T
h
e
Re
a
d
in
e
ss
M
o
d
e
l
o
f
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
m
o
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsiti
e
s in
In
d
o
n
e
sia
,
”
IOP
Co
n
f.
S
e
r.
M
a
ter
.
S
c
i.
E
n
g
.
,
2
0
1
8
.
[2
9
]
N.
A
.
I
s
m
a
il
,
R.
H.
R.
M
.
A
li
,
R.
M
.
S
a
a
t,
a
n
d
H.
M
.
Hs
b
o
ll
a
h
,
“
S
trate
g
ic
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s
p
lan
n
in
g
in
M
a
la
y
sia
n
p
u
b
l
ic u
n
iv
e
rsiti
e
s,”
Ca
mp
u
s
-
W
id
e
I
n
f.
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
3
1
–
3
4
1
,
2
0
0
7
.
[3
0
]
V
.
V
e
n
k
a
tes
h
a
n
d
S
.
A
.
Bro
w
n
,
“
Re
se
a
r
c
h
Essa
y
B
Rid
g
in
g
T
h
e
Q
Ua
li
tativ
e
–
Q
U
a
n
ti
tativ
e
D
I
v
id
e
:
G
u
id
e
li
n
e
s
F
o
r
C
O
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
M
Ix
e
d
M
Et
h
o
d
s
,
”
M
IS
Q.
,
v
o
l.
X
,
n
o
.
X
,
p
p
.
1
–
3
4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
1
]
A
.
Rin
d
,
“
S
o
m
e
W
h
y
s
a
n
d
Ho
w
s
o
f
Ex
p
e
ri
m
e
n
ts
in
Hu
m
a
n
–
Co
m
p
u
ter
In
tera
c
ti
o
n
,
”
F
o
u
n
d
.
T
re
n
d
s
®
Hu
ma
n
–
Co
mp
u
ter
In
ter
a
c
t.
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
2
9
9
–
3
7
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
2
]
H.
S
.
H.
G
o
m
b
a
c
h
ik
a
a
n
d
G
.
Kh
a
n
g
a
m
w
a
,
“
IC
T
re
a
d
in
e
ss
a
n
d
a
c
c
e
p
tan
c
e
a
m
o
n
g
T
EV
T
stu
d
e
n
ts
i
n
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
a
law
i,
”
Ca
mp
u
s
-
W
id
e
In
f.
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
3
0
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
5
–
4
3
,
2
0
1
2
.
[3
3
]
C.
M
.
R.
a
n
d
R.
R.
S
.
Jo
rg
He
n
se
ler,
“
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
s
in
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
M
a
rk
e
ti
n
g
,
”
Ad
v
.
In
t.
M
a
rk
.
,
v
o
l.
2
0
,
n
o
.
2
0
0
9
,
p
p
.
3
6
1
–
3
8
8
,
1
9
9
9
.
[3
4
]
K.
K.
-
K.
W
o
n
g
,
“
P
a
rti
a
l
L
e
a
st
S
q
u
a
re
s
S
tr
u
c
tu
ra
l
E
q
u
a
ti
o
n
M
o
d
e
li
n
g
(
P
L
S
-
S
EM
)
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
Us
i
n
g
S
m
a
rtP
L
S
,
”
M
a
rk
.
Bu
ll
.
,
v
o
l.
2
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
3
2
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
5
]
H.
H.
M
d
Ha
f
iz
S
e
lam
a
t,
M
o
h
d
A
d
a
m
S
u
h
a
im
iβ,
“
In
teg
ra
ti
n
g
S
trate
g
ic
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
e
c
u
rit
y
w
it
h
S
trate
g
ic
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s P
lan
n
i
n
g
(S
I
S
P
)
M
d
Ha
f
iz S
e
la
m
a
t,
”
p
p
.
1
–
1
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
6
]
S
.
Ro
g
e
rso
n
a
n
d
C
.
F
i
d
ler,
“
S
trat
e
g
ic In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
s P
lan
n
in
g
:
Its
A
d
o
p
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Us
e
,
”
2
0
0
6
.
[3
7
]
A
.
Am
ro
ll
a
h
i,
A
.
H.
G
h
a
p
a
n
c
h
i,
a
n
d
A
.
T
a
lae
i
-
Kh
o
e
i,
“
T
h
re
e
d
e
c
a
d
e
s
o
f
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
o
n
stra
teg
ic
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
p
lan
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
”
Co
mm
u
n
.
Asso
c
.
In
f
.
S
y
st.
,
v
o
l.
3
4
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
3
9
–
1
4
6
7
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
8
]
H.
M
a
lo
n
e
,
H.
Nic
h
o
ll
,
a
n
d
C
.
T
ra
c
e
y
,
“
Aw
a
re
n
e
ss
a
n
d
m
in
i
m
isa
ti
o
n
o
f
s
y
ste
m
a
ti
c
b
ias
in
re
se
a
rc
h
,
”
Br.
J
.
Nu
rs
.
,
v
o
l.
2
3
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
7
9
–
2
8
2
,
2
0
1
4
.
[3
9
]
J.
S
m
it
h
a
n
d
H.
No
b
le,
“
Bias
in
r
e
se
a
rc
h
,
”
Evid
.
Ba
se
d
N
u
rs
.
,
v
o
l
.
1
7
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
0
0
–
1
0
1
,
2
0
1
4
.
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