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Au
to
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1
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B
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[
5
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6
]
.
E
n
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g
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f
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im
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7
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R
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ey
g
iv
e
li
g
h
tin
g
t
o
s
tr
ee
ts
,
b
o
u
le
v
ar
d
s
,
o
p
en
ter
r
ito
r
ies,
asp
h
alts
etce
ter
a
[
8
]
.
L
ig
h
tin
g
h
as
a
h
u
g
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
as
a
n
u
r
b
an
s
itu
atio
n
m
a
k
er
an
d
o
n
e
o
f
its
m
o
s
t
h
u
g
e
ca
p
ac
ities
is
to
g
iv
e
in
d
iv
id
u
als
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
h
elp
to
o
r
ie
n
tate
an
d
g
iv
e
wellb
ein
g
.
Ou
t
in
th
e
city
,
is
th
e
p
lace
in
d
iv
id
u
als
m
ee
t
an
d
an
in
tr
ig
u
in
g
lig
h
tin
g
m
o
v
e
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
to
r
em
ain
o
u
ts
id
e,
wh
ich
t
h
u
s
m
ak
es
th
e
city
s
af
e
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
o
r
d
in
ar
y
r
o
ad
lig
h
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
is
th
e
p
o
ten
tial b
u
y
er
o
f
p
o
wer
,
a
n
d
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
m
e
asu
r
e
o
f
p
o
wer
s
q
u
a
n
d
er
ed
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
s
o
m
e
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
t
h
a
t
w
e
l
l
k
n
o
w
n
t
o
u
s
e
i
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
i
n
g
s
u
c
h
a
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
a
b
l
e
l
o
g
i
c
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
(
P
L
C
)
,
s
u
p
e
r
v
i
s
o
r
y
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
d
a
t
a
a
c
q
u
i
s
i
t
i
o
n
(
S
C
A
D
A
)
a
n
d
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
b
a
s
e
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
.
T
h
e
P
L
C
i
s
a
d
e
v
i
c
e
t
h
a
t
u
s
e
d
m
a
i
n
l
y
i
n
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
,
t
h
i
s
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
i
n
g
d
e
v
i
c
e
i
s
u
s
e
d
o
f
t
e
n
t
i
m
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
y
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
i
t
c
a
n
b
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
t
h
e
r
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
d
e
v
i
c
e
s
,
s
t
r
o
n
g
,
a
n
d
i
t
s
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
l
y
e
a
s
i
e
r
[
1
0
-
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
S
C
A
D
A
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
c
o
u
l
d
b
e
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
a
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
h
y
b
r
i
d
p
o
w
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
s
w
i
n
d
t
u
r
b
i
n
e
,
s
o
l
a
r
m
o
d
u
l
e
s
w
i
t
h
r
e
c
h
a
r
g
e
a
b
l
e
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
w
i
t
h
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
m
e
a
s
u
r
i
n
g
d
a
t
a
[
1
3
-
1
5
]
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
w
i
t
h
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
b
a
s
e
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
h
a
s
c
r
e
a
t
i
v
e
i
n
s
p
i
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
i
n
g
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
s
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
f
i
t
s
r
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
a
r
y
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
i
t
h
m
o
d
e
r
n
i
d
e
a
s
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
t
a
k
e
a
t
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
a
r
o
u
n
d
t
h
e
w
o
r
l
d
[
1
6
-
1
8
]
.
F
o
r
t
h
e
t
i
m
e
b
e
i
n
g
,
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
i
s
p
o
p
u
l
a
r
u
s
e
d
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
i
t
h
e
l
p
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
t
o
d
e
s
i
g
n
m
o
r
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
i
b
l
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
d
u
e
t
o
t
h
e
s
i
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
d
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
o
f
C
+
+
w
i
t
h
A
T
m
e
g
a
3
2
8
m
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
in
ten
d
ed
with
d
esig
n
in
g
an
a
u
to
m
ated
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
o
n
Ar
d
u
in
o
,
th
is
s
y
s
t
em
m
u
s
t
b
e
ad
d
ed
d
ir
ec
tly
to
th
e
lig
h
ti
n
g
s
y
s
tem
in
h
ig
h
way
s
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
lig
h
ts
ON/O
FF
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
u
n
d
er
th
e
lig
h
ts
in
th
e
h
ig
h
way
,
an
d
s
o
,
th
is
s
y
s
tem
is
an
ec
o
n
o
m
ical
en
er
g
y
s
av
in
g
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
h
ig
h
way
s
lig
h
ts
.
T
h
e
id
ea
is
tu
r
n
in
g
all
th
e
s
tr
ee
t
lig
h
ts
o
f
f
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
d
a
y
tim
e
an
d
wh
en
it
b
ec
o
m
es
n
ig
h
t
wh
en
th
e
r
o
a
d
s
an
d
s
tr
ee
ts
ar
e
n
o
t
o
cc
u
p
ied
b
y
an
y
ca
r
s
th
e
lig
h
ts
wo
u
ld
b
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
f
f
.
W
h
en
ev
e
r
a
ca
r
d
ec
id
e
s
to
tak
e
th
e
r
o
ad
it
wo
u
ld
b
e
d
etec
ted
b
y
a
s
en
s
o
r
ca
lled
an
I
R
Sen
s
o
r
an
d
will
au
to
m
atica
lly
illu
m
in
ate
th
e
r
o
a
d
an
d
tu
r
n
th
e
lig
h
ts
o
n
f
o
r
th
at
s
p
ec
if
ic
ca
r
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
AND
R
E
SU
L
S O
F
DE
SI
G
N
E
D
SY
ST
E
M
Firstl
y
,
it
m
u
s
t
s
p
lit
th
e
lig
h
ts
in
th
e
h
ig
h
wa
y
in
to
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
lig
h
ts
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
h
as
5
lig
h
ts
,
if
we
ass
u
m
e
th
e
s
p
ac
in
g
b
etwe
en
li
g
h
t
is
ab
o
u
t
2
0
m
th
e
n
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
will
co
v
er
1
0
0
m
lo
n
g
o
f
s
tr
ee
t.
I
n
ea
ch
g
r
o
u
p
h
as
o
n
e
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
m
aster
cir
cu
i
t
to
d
etec
t
th
e
ca
r
m
o
v
em
en
ts
an
d
s
en
d
s
ig
n
al
t
o
th
e
5
s
lav
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
s
to
ON
o
r
OFF
th
e
lig
h
ts
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
So
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
ain
ly
co
n
tain
s
two
ty
p
es
o
f
c
ir
cu
its
,
m
aster
an
d
s
lav
e.
T
h
e
m
aster
Ar
d
u
in
o
also
h
as
an
a
b
ilit
y
to
d
etec
t
th
e
d
ay
o
r
n
ig
h
t
tim
e.
I
f
it’s
d
ay
ti
m
e,
th
en
it
will
d
o
n
o
th
in
g
u
n
til it b
ec
o
m
es n
ig
h
t th
en
it d
etec
ts
m
o
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
n
ig
h
t a
n
d
wh
en
d
etec
ts
a
m
o
tio
n
it will
s
en
d
a
s
ig
n
al
to
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
f
iv
e
s
lav
e
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
s
wh
ich
a
r
e
waitin
g
f
o
r
a
s
ig
n
al
to
tu
r
n
ON
th
e
li
g
h
ts
o
r
n
o
t.
Af
ter
a
f
ix
ed
tim
e,
d
u
r
atio
n
w
h
ich
is
s
et
at
f
iv
e
m
in
u
tes
if
th
e
m
aster
Ar
d
u
i
n
o
p
o
le
d
id
n
o
t
d
etec
t
an
y
f
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
tio
n
co
m
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
,
it
will
s
en
d
n
o
s
ig
n
als
wh
ich
will
m
a
k
e
th
e
s
lav
e
l
ig
h
t
p
o
les
OFF
af
ter
th
e
f
iv
e
-
m
i
n
u
te
p
er
io
d
s
.
Alter
n
ativ
ely
,
i
f
it
d
et
ec
ts
n
ew
m
o
tio
n
d
esp
ite
th
e
f
a
ct
th
at
its
lig
h
t
p
o
les
a
r
e
ON
a
n
d
th
e
f
iv
e
-
m
in
u
te
tim
er
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
it
will
s
en
d
an
o
t
h
er
s
ig
n
al
w
h
ich
will
r
e
s
et
th
at
f
iv
e
-
m
in
u
te
p
er
i
o
d
.
S
o
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
is
p
r
in
cip
le,
wh
e
n
th
e
ca
r
d
etec
ted
b
y
th
e
m
aster
Ar
d
u
in
o
,
th
e
lig
h
ts
will
b
e
ON
ah
ea
d
th
e
c
ar
with
d
is
tan
ce
o
f
1
0
0
m
eter
,
th
at
m
ea
n
s
,
t
h
e
5
li
g
h
ts
p
o
les as illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
g
e
t
a
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
i
d
e
a
a
n
d
b
e
c
l
a
r
i
f
i
e
d
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
e
s
i
g
n
,
a
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
b
l
o
c
k
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
h
a
s
2
m
a
i
n
p
a
r
t
s
,
m
a
s
t
e
r
a
n
d
s
l
a
v
e
,
f
o
r
m
a
s
t
e
r
s
i
d
e
,
f
i
r
s
t
b
l
o
c
k
i
s
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
h
o
t
o
c
e
l
l
l
i
g
h
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
t
h
a
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
s
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
i
t
’
s
n
i
g
h
t
t
i
m
e
o
r
d
a
y
t
i
m
e
,
i
f
i
t
i
s
a
d
a
y
t
i
m
e
t
h
e
s
w
i
t
c
h
i
n
g
l
i
g
h
t
p
r
o
c
e
s
s
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
t
a
k
e
p
l
a
c
e
r
a
t
h
e
r
t
h
e
p
h
o
t
o
c
e
l
l
l
i
g
h
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
w
i
l
l
w
a
i
t
u
n
t
i
l
t
h
e
m
o
m
e
n
t
i
t
d
e
t
e
c
t
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2
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ACK
NO
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R
D
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Gr
an
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0
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1
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o
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s
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ia
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an
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ia
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RE
F
E
R
E
NC
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S
[1
]
Lau
S
.
P
.
,
M
e
rre
tt
G
.
V.,
W
e
d
d
e
ll
A.
S
.
,
Wh
i
te
N.
M
.
,
“
A
traffic
-
a
wa
re
stre
e
t
li
g
h
ti
n
g
sc
h
e
m
e
fo
r
S
m
a
rt
Cit
ies
u
sin
g
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s n
e
two
r
k
e
d
se
n
s
o
rs
,
”
Co
mp
u
ter
s &
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
in
e
e
r
in
g
,
v
o
l.
4
5
,
p
p
.
1
9
2
-
2
0
7
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
Ch
risti
a
n
P
.
Ja
n
ss
e
n
,
S
tella
F
.
Do
n
k
e
r,
D
u
n
c
a
n
P
.
Bru
m
b
y
,
An
d
re
w
L.
Ku
n
,
“
Histo
r
y
a
n
d
fu
t
u
re
o
f
h
u
m
a
n
-
a
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
in
tera
c
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
H
u
ma
n
-
C
o
mp
u
ter
S
t
u
d
ies
,
vol
.
1
3
1
,
pp
.
9
9
-
1
0
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[3
]
Be
rb
e
rian
B
.
,
S
a
rra
z
in
J
.
C
.
,
Le
Blay
e
P
.
,
Ha
g
g
a
rd
P
.
,
“
Au
to
m
a
ti
o
n
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
S
e
n
se
o
f
C
o
n
tro
l:
A
Wi
n
d
o
w
o
n
H
u
m
a
n
Ag
e
n
c
y
,
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P
L
o
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ON
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v
o
l.
7
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
S
o
m
a
y
y
a
M
a
d
a
k
a
m
,
Ra
jes
h
M
.
Ho
lmu
k
h
e
,
Du
rg
e
sh
Ku
m
a
r
Ja
iswa
l,
“
Th
e
F
u
t
u
re
Dig
it
a
l
W
o
rk
F
o
rc
e
:
Ro
b
o
ti
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P
ro
c
e
ss
Au
to
m
a
ti
o
n
(RP
A)
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
p
p
.
1
-
1
7
,
2
0
1
9
.
[5
]
Kh
a
to
u
n
R.
,
Zea
d
a
ll
y
S
.
,
“
S
m
a
rt
c
it
ies
:
c
o
n
c
e
p
ts,
a
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s,
r
e
se
a
rc
h
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
ies
,
”
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
o
f
th
e
ACM
,
v
o
l
.
59
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
46
-
57
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
M
o
g
h
a
d
a
m
M
.
H.,
M
o
z
a
y
a
n
i
N.
,
“
A
stre
e
t
li
g
h
t
in
g
c
o
n
tro
l
sy
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
h
o
l
o
n
ic
str
u
c
tu
re
s
a
n
d
t
ra
ffic
sy
ste
m
,
”
3
rd
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
De
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
(ICCRD),
p
p
.
9
2
-
96
,
2
0
1
1
.
[7
]
Ka
lee
m
Z.
,
Ah
m
a
d
I.
,
Lee
C.
,
“
S
m
a
rt
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
e
fficie
n
t
led
stre
e
t
li
g
h
t
c
o
n
tr
o
l
sy
ste
m
u
si
n
g
Zi
g
Be
e
n
e
two
rk
,
”
1
2
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Fro
n
t
ier
s o
f
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(FI
T
)
,
p
p
.
3
6
1
-
3
6
5
.
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
Ca
stro
M
.
,
Ja
ra
A.
J.,
S
k
a
rm
e
ta
A.
F
.
,
“
S
m
a
rt
li
g
h
ti
n
g
so
l
u
ti
o
n
s
f
o
r
sm
a
rt
c
it
ies
,
”
2
7
th
i
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
fer
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n
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e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
in
f
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rm
a
ti
o
n
n
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two
rk
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n
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a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s wo
rk
sh
o
p
s (W
AINA
),
p
p
.
1
3
7
4
-
1
3
7
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[9
]
Lav
r
ic
A.,
P
o
p
a
V.,
S
fic
h
i
S
.
,
“
S
tree
t
li
g
h
ti
n
g
c
o
n
tro
l
s
y
ste
m
b
a
se
d
o
n
larg
e
-
sc
a
le
WS
N:
A
ste
p
to
wa
rd
s
a
sm
a
rt
c
it
y
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
Ex
p
o
siti
o
n
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
P
o
we
r E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(EP
E)
,
p
p
.
6
7
3
-
6
7
6
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
0
]
Erwa
n
i
M
e
rry
S
a
rti
k
a
T.
,
Ru
d
i
S
a
rjo
n
o
,
Dik
i
Dw
i
S
a
p
u
tra,
“
P
re
d
ictio
n
o
f
P
ID
c
o
n
tro
l
m
o
d
e
l
o
n
P
LC
,
”
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
C
o
mp
u
ti
n
g
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
,
vol
.
1
7
,
no
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
2
9
-
5
3
6
,
2
0
1
9
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
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o
l
A
u
to
ma
tic
co
n
tr
o
l sys
tem
o
f h
i
g
h
w
a
y
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h
ts
(
Ya
s
ir
Ha
s
h
im
)
3129
[1
1
]
L.
Yo
n
g
-
Qi
u
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
th
e
P
LC
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
S
o
lu
t
io
n
s
in
F
o
u
r
-
S
to
ry
E
lev
a
to
r
C
o
n
tro
l
a
n
d
R
e
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
,
”
8
t
h
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
tel
li
g
e
n
t
C
o
mp
u
ta
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
A
u
t
o
ma
ti
o
n
(
ICICT
A),
p
p
.
7
8
0
-
78
3
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
2
]
Ha
o
lan
Wu
,
Ya
n
g
y
a
n
g
G
e
n
g
,
Ke
Li
u
,
Wen
we
n
Li
u
,
“
Re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
P
ro
g
ra
m
m
a
b
le
Lo
g
ic
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
S
e
c
u
rit
y
,
”
IOP
Co
n
f.
S
e
rie
s: M
a
ter
ia
ls
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
5
6
9
,
n
o
.
0
4
2
0
3
1
,
p
p
1
-
1
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
1
3
]
A
r
y
u
a
n
t
o
S
o
e
t
e
d
j
o
,
Y
u
s
u
f
I
s
m
a
i
l
N
a
k
h
o
d
a
,
A
b
r
a
h
a
m
L
o
m
i
,
F
a
r
h
a
n
,
“
W
e
b
-
S
C
A
D
A
f
o
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M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
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a
n
d
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o
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t
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l
l
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n
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y
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r
i
d
W
i
n
d
-
P
V
P
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,
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I
K
A
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
,
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
s
a
n
d
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
vol
.
1
2
,
no
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
0
5
-
3
1
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[
1
4
]
S
o
e
t
e
d
j
o
A
.
,
L
o
m
i
A
.
,
N
a
k
h
o
d
a
Y
.
I
.
,
T
o
s
a
d
u
Y
.
P.
,
“
C
o
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
W
e
b
S
C
A
D
A
S
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
a
n
d
M
a
t
l
a
b
-
S
i
m
u
l
i
n
k
f
o
r
S
t
u
d
y
i
n
g
W
i
n
d
-
PV
-
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l
.
1
0
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
1
-
5
7
,
2
0
1
3
[1
5
]
A
.
S
e
ti
a
wa
n
,
S
u
g
e
n
g
,
K
.
I
.
Ko
e
so
e
m
a
,
S
.
Ba
k
h
ri
,
a
n
d
J
A
d
it
y
a
,
“
Th
e
S
CAD
A
sy
ste
m
u
si
n
g
P
LC
a
n
d
HMI
to
imp
r
o
v
e
th
e
e
ffe
c
ti
v
e
n
e
ss
a
n
d
e
fficie
n
c
y
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
c
ti
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
ss
e
s
,
”
IOP
Co
n
f.
S
e
rie
s:
M
a
ter
ia
ls
S
c
ie
n
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
v
o
l.
5
5
0
,
n
o
.
0
1
2
0
0
8
,
p
p
.
1
-
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
6
]
M
e
c
h
e
ll
e
G
ra
c
e
Zara
g
o
z
a
,
Ha
e
n
g
-
Ko
n
Kim
,
“
Co
m
p
a
ra
ti
v
e
S
tu
d
y
o
f
P
LC
a
n
d
Ard
u
in
o
i
n
A
u
t
o
m
a
ted
Irri
g
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
A
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
,
vol
.
1
0
,
no
.
6
,
p
p
.
2
0
7
-
2
1
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[
1
7
]
Y
a
s
i
r
H
a
s
h
i
m
,
A
b
d
u
l
H
a
f
i
z
M
o
h
d
I
d
z
h
a
,
W
a
h
e
b
A
J
a
b
b
a
r
,
“
T
h
e
D
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
W
i
r
e
l
e
s
s
F
l
o
o
d
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
S
y
s
t
e
m
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
T
e
l
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
a
n
d
C
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
vol
.
1
0
,
no
. 3
-
2
,
p
p
.
7
-
1
1
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
8
]
C.
Na
y
y
a
r,
B.
Va
larm
a
th
i
a
n
d
K.
S
a
n
th
i
,
"
Ho
m
e
se
c
u
rit
y
a
n
d
e
n
e
rg
y
e
fficie
n
t
h
o
m
e
a
u
to
m
a
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
u
sin
g
a
rd
u
in
o
,
"
2
0
1
7
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n
a
n
d
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
p
p
.
1
2
1
7
-
1
2
2
1
,
2
0
1
7
,
[1
9
]
W.
K.
S
a
a
d
,
Y.
Ha
sh
im
a
n
d
W.
A.
Ja
b
b
a
r,
"
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
P
o
rtab
le
S
m
a
rt
Wi
re
l
e
ss
P
e
d
e
strian
Cro
ss
in
g
Co
n
tro
l
S
y
ste
m
,
"
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
8
,
p
p
.
1
0
6
1
0
9
-
1
0
6
1
2
0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
0
]
K.
G
u
ra
v
a
iah
a
n
d
R.
Lee
la
Ve
lu
s
a
m
y
,
"
P
r
o
t
o
ty
p
e
o
f
Ho
m
e
M
o
n
it
o
rin
g
De
v
ice
Us
in
g
I
n
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s
a
n
d
Riv
e
r
F
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
Dy
n
a
m
ics
-
Ba
se
d
M
u
lt
i
-
Ho
p
R
o
u
ti
n
g
P
ro
to
c
o
l
(RF
DH
M
),
"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Co
n
su
m
e
r
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
2
9
-
3
3
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[
2
1
]
R
.
M
a
,
J
.
G
o
n
g
,
G
.
L
i
u
,
a
n
d
Q
.
H
a
o
,
“
E
n
a
b
l
i
n
g
C
o
g
n
i
t
i
v
e
P
y
r
o
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
I
n
f
r
a
r
e
d
S
e
n
s
i
n
g
:
F
r
o
m
R
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
b
l
e
S
i
g
n
a
l
C
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
t
o
S
e
n
s
o
r
M
a
s
k
D
e
s
i
g
n
,
”
I
E
E
E
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
6
,
n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
4
4
3
6
-
4446,
2
0
2
0
.
[2
2
]
D.
Ya
n
g
,
K.
Ra
o
,
B.
Xu
,
W.
S
h
e
n
g
,
“
P
IR
S
e
n
s
o
r
s
De
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
wi
th
th
e
Ac
c
e
ss
ib
le
P
rio
rit
y
i
n
S
m
a
rt
Ho
m
e
Us
in
g
G
e
n
e
ti
c
Alg
o
rit
h
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Distri
b
u
te
d
S
e
n
s
o
r N
e
two
rk
s
,
vol
.
2
0
1
5
,
p
p
.
1
S
-
1
0
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
3
]
Lec
c
e
se
F
.
,
“
Re
m
o
te
-
c
o
n
tro
l
sy
s
tem
o
f
h
ig
h
e
fficie
n
c
y
a
n
d
i
n
tell
ig
e
n
t
stre
e
t
li
g
h
ti
n
g
u
si
n
g
a
Zi
g
Be
e
n
e
two
rk
o
f
d
e
v
ice
s a
n
d
se
n
s
o
rs
,”
IEE
E
tra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
p
o
we
r d
e
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
28
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
21
-
28
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
4
]
S
id
d
iq
u
i
A.
A.,
Ah
m
a
d
A.
W.
,
Ya
n
g
H.
K.,
Lee
C.
,
“
Zi
g
Be
e
b
a
se
d
e
n
e
rg
y
e
fficie
n
t
o
u
t
d
o
o
r
li
g
h
ti
n
g
c
o
n
tr
o
l
sy
ste
m
,
”
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(ICACT
),
2
0
1
2
1
4
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
IEE
E
,
p
p
.
9
1
6
-
9
1
9
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
5
]
M
o
n
a
li
Y.
Kh
a
c
h
a
n
e
,
“
In
telli
g
e
n
t
S
tree
t
Li
g
h
ti
n
g
S
y
ste
m
,
”
In
t.
J
.
E
n
g
.
Res
.
Co
m
p
u
t.
S
c
i.
En
g
.
,
n
o
.
v
o
l
5
,
n
o
.
2
,
2
0
1
8
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Ya
sir
H
a
shi
m
,
t
h
e
a
u
th
o
r
wa
s
b
o
r
n
a
t
Ira
q
,
1
9
6
9
,
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
S
c
.
a
n
d
M
a
ste
r
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
i
n
El
e
c
tr
o
n
ics
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
o
su
l
,
M
o
su
l
,
Ira
q
,
in
1
9
9
1
a
n
d
1
9
9
5
re
s
p
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
.
He
c
o
m
p
lete
d
th
e
P
h
.
D.
in
E
lec
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
-
M
icro
a
n
d
Na
n
o
-
e
lec
tro
n
ics
fro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
S
c
ien
c
e
M
a
lay
sia
(USM
),
P
e
n
a
n
g
,
M
a
lay
sia
,
i
n
2
0
1
3
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
S
e
n
io
r
Lec
tu
re
r
in
t
h
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Ti
sh
k
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Er
b
il
-
Ku
r
d
istan
,
Ira
q
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
i
n
c
lu
d
e
M
icr
o
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
Na
n
o
e
lec
tro
n
ic:
Na
n
o
wire
tran
sis
to
rs,
F
i
n
F
ET
tran
sist
o
r,
M
u
lt
istag
e
Lo
g
ic
Na
n
o
-
i
n
v
e
rters
.
Th
e
a
u
th
o
r
h
a
s
tea
c
h
in
g
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
in
u
n
d
e
r
g
ra
d
u
a
te
fiel
d
s
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fo
r
1
7
y
e
a
rs an
d
su
p
e
rv
ise
d
p
o
st
g
ra
d
u
a
te stu
d
e
n
t
i
n
M
a
ste
r
a
n
d
P
h
D l
e
v
e
ls.
Mo
h
a
m
m
e
d
Na
z
m
u
s
S
h
a
k
ib
r
e
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
B.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
fr
o
m
M
u
lt
ime
d
ia
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
M
a
lay
si
a
,
th
e
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
fr
o
m
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
M
a
lay
sia
,
M
a
lay
sia
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
.
D.
fr
o
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
M
a
lay
a
,
M
a
lay
sia
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
tt
a
c
h
e
d
t
o
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
&
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
M
a
lay
sia
P
a
h
a
n
g
,
M
a
lay
sia
.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
m
a
n
y
in
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
fe
re
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
jo
u
rn
a
ls.
He
is
a
lso
a
Re
v
iew
e
r
o
f
a
fe
w
j
o
u
r
n
a
ls
su
c
h
a
s
IET
,
P
IE
R,
JEM
WA
,
IE
EE
Ac
c
e
ss
,
a
n
d
El
se
v
ier.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
t
e
re
sts
m
a
in
ly
in
c
l
u
d
e
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
se
n
s
o
rs,
RF
,
m
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
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.
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