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a
with
cir
c
u
la
r
s
h
ap
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
to
co
v
e
r
4
1
to
5
4
GHz
.
2
)
T
o
e
v
alu
ate
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
r
esu
lts
in
ter
m
s
o
f
g
ain
,
b
an
d
wid
th
,
r
ef
lect
io
n
co
e
f
f
icien
t
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
cy
.
3
)
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
C
ST
m
icr
o
wav
e
s
tu
d
io
2
0
1
8
s
im
u
lato
r
will
o
b
tain
a
b
a
n
d
o
f
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
r
an
g
e
f
o
r
5
G
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
.
2.
T
H
E
O
RY
OF
M
I
CRO
S
T
R
I
P
ANTE
N
NA
Up
g
r
ad
in
g
in
th
e
g
lo
b
al
n
etwo
r
k
wo
u
ld
r
eq
u
ir
e
in
s
tan
t tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
co
n
d
u
cted
to
d
e
v
ice
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
h
av
e
c
o
m
p
atib
ilit
y
with
th
e
n
ew
n
etwo
r
k
.
I
t
is
v
e
r
y
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
e
all
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
o
th
er
wis
e
th
e
n
ew
n
etwo
r
k
wi
ll b
ec
o
m
e
r
e
d
u
n
d
an
t.
A
n
y
way
,
th
e
r
ap
i
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t w
ill cr
ea
te
ch
an
g
es to
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
r
ea
lize
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
to
d
esig
n
an
an
te
n
n
a
th
at
w
o
r
k
s
in
5
G
-
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
r
an
g
e
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
(
MPA)
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t w
id
ely
u
s
ed
an
d
m
o
s
t
s
o
u
g
h
t
-
af
ter
an
te
n
n
as
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
y
ar
e
s
m
all
an
d
e
asil
y
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
ed
,
lig
h
t
-
wei
g
h
t,
f
o
r
t
h
at
r
ea
s
o
n
,
th
ese
an
ten
n
as
ar
e
t
h
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
ch
o
ice
f
o
r
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ies.
W
ith
m
o
s
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
f
o
u
n
d
in
s
m
ar
tp
h
o
n
es,
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
m
in
im
ize
th
e
en
tire
ci
r
cu
it i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as a
k
e
y
f
ea
t
u
r
e
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
n
o
tab
ly
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile,
co
m
m
er
cial
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
[
1
1
]
,
s
u
ch
f
o
r
m
o
f
an
ten
n
a
with
lig
h
t,
tin
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
h
as
p
ar
ticip
ated
ess
en
tially
in
d
e
v
elo
p
in
g
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
m
is
s
ile
s
an
d
s
p
ac
ec
r
af
t
[
1
2
]
.
Mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
r
a
d
iates
d
u
e
to
f
r
in
g
in
g
f
ield
s
am
o
n
g
e
d
g
es
o
f
p
atch
a
n
d
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
t
is
o
b
v
io
u
s
th
at
th
e
f
r
in
g
in
g
f
ield
s
wer
e
n
o
t
co
n
s
tr
ic
ted
in
th
e
in
s
u
latin
g
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
o
n
ly
,
b
u
t
also
ar
e
s
p
r
ea
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
air
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
is
a
li
ttle
s
m
aller
th
an
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
[1
3
]
.
Frin
g
in
g
f
ield
s
,
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
atch
,
th
at
ac
co
u
n
ts
f
o
r
th
e
r
ad
iatio
n
,
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
b
y
h
av
in
g
th
e
p
atch
wid
th
W
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
,
also
b
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t
o
r
h
av
in
g
th
e
th
ic
k
n
ess
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
h
in
cr
ea
s
ed
.
Gen
er
ally
,
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
u
s
es a
p
atch
with
a
lar
g
er
wid
th
v
alu
e
an
d
a
lo
wer
v
al
u
e
o
f
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
tan
t a
n
d
a
th
ick
er
d
ielec
tr
i
c
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
[
1
4
]
-
[
16
].
Fig
u
r
e
1.
Frin
g
in
g
f
ield
f
o
r
m
i
cr
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
3.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
CIR
CUL
AR
M
I
CRO
S
T
RIP
P
A
T
CH
ANT
E
NNA
(
M
P
A)
T
h
e
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
is
d
esig
n
ed
u
s
in
g
two
cir
cles
o
v
er
a
s
q
u
ar
e
-
s
h
ap
ed
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e.
th
is
d
esig
n
u
s
ed
s
m
all
cir
cu
lar
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
ac
h
i
ev
e
tr
ip
le
b
an
d
.
T
h
is
an
ten
n
a
is
d
esig
n
ed
o
n
R
o
g
e
r
R
T
Du
r
o
id
5
8
8
0
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
h
av
in
g
a
s
m
all
s
ize
o
f
(
8
×8
)
mm
2
,
0
.
5
m
m
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
th
ick
n
ess
h
,
2
.
2
p
er
m
itti
v
ity
an
d
0
.
0
0
0
9
lo
s
s
tan
g
en
t
an
d
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
th
e
s
am
e
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
is
m
ad
e
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
ical
m
ater
ial
co
p
p
er
with
th
ic
k
n
ess
0
.
3
5
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
i
s
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
f
o
r
tr
ip
le
b
an
d
th
e
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
cies
41
GHz
,
4
7
.
4
an
d
5
4
.
4
GHz
w
ith
an
im
p
e
d
an
ce
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
2
GHz
.
I
t is su
itab
le
f
o
r
5
G
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
r
ad
ar
,
s
atellite
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
an
d
m
o
b
ile
p
h
o
n
e.
T
h
e
o
v
e
r
all
v
iew
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
es
ig
n
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
f
r
o
n
t v
iew
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
,
wh
ile
th
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
s
id
e
v
iew
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
[
1
7
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Desig
n
o
f c
ir
cu
la
r
-
s
h
a
p
ed
mic
r
o
s
tr
ip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
fo
r
5
G
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
s
(
Mo
h
a
mme
d
Ma
h
d
i S
a
lih
A
ltu
fa
ili
)
21
3.
1.
G
eo
m
e
t
ry
o
f
pro
po
s
ed
m
icro
s
t
rip pa
t
ch
a
nte
nn
a
T
h
e
m
ater
ial
o
f
p
atch
lay
er
(
u
p
p
er
lay
er
)
co
n
tain
s
co
p
p
er
m
et
al
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
p
at
ch
an
ten
n
a
'
s
d
im
en
s
io
n
ar
e
th
e
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
lar
g
e
cir
cle
2
.
5
m
m
an
d
th
e
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
s
m
all
cir
cle
1
m
m
with
th
ick
n
ess
(
t)
0
.
3
5
m
m
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
n
ew
d
esig
n
is
f
o
r
ch
an
g
in
g
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
n
th
e
p
atch
,
wh
ich
lead
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
an
d
g
ain
.
B
esid
es,
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
o
b
tain
th
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
to
f
ar
-
f
ield
an
d
r
e
f
lectio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t
S1
1
,
wav
eg
u
id
e
p
o
r
t
is
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
(
g
r
o
u
n
d
lay
er
)
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
co
p
p
er
h
av
in
g
d
im
en
s
io
n
(
8
x
8
)
mm
2
,
an
d
th
e
th
ic
k
n
ess
is
0
.
3
5
m
m
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws t
h
e
en
tire
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
o
f
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
a
n
ten
n
a
[
2
4
]
-
[
2
6
]
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
o
f
(
a)
th
e
f
r
o
n
t v
i
ew
an
d
(
b
)
th
e
s
id
e
v
iew
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
r
ac
tal
an
ten
n
a
d
im
e
n
s
io
n
s
NO.
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
S
y
mb
o
l
s
D
i
me
n
si
o
n
s
1
Le
n
g
t
h
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
Lg
8
mm
2
W
i
d
t
h
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
Wg
8
mm
3
Le
n
g
t
h
o
f
s
u
b
st
r
a
t
e
L
8
mm
4
W
i
d
t
h
o
f
su
b
st
r
a
t
e
W
8
mm
5
Th
e
r
a
d
i
u
s
o
f
l
a
r
g
e
c
i
r
c
l
e
R1
2
.
5
mm
6
Th
e
r
a
d
i
u
s
o
f
sma
l
l
c
i
r
c
l
e
R2
1
mm
7
Le
n
g
t
h
o
f
f
e
e
d
l
i
n
e
Lf
4
.
1
mm
8
W
i
d
t
h
o
f
f
e
e
d
l
i
n
e
Wf
0
.
6
mm
9
Th
i
c
k
n
e
ss
o
f
g
r
o
u
n
d
a
n
d
p
a
t
c
h
t
0.
35
mm
10
Th
i
c
k
n
e
ss
o
f
s
u
b
s
t
r
a
t
e
h
0
.5
mm
3.
2.
Wa
v
eg
uid
e
po
rt
T
h
e
p
o
r
t th
at
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
n
am
ed
f
ee
d
lin
e
wav
eg
u
id
e
p
o
r
t;
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
p
o
r
t
is
6
×
4
mm
2
,
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
o
f
u
s
ag
e
o
f
th
e
wav
eg
u
id
e
p
o
r
t
b
ec
au
s
e
it is
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
th
e
s
im
p
lest
ty
p
e
o
f
th
e
f
ee
d
p
o
r
ts
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
af
o
r
e
m
en
tio
n
ed
f
ee
d
li
n
e
is
co
n
s
id
er
ab
ly
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
e
d
to
th
e
d
e
s
ig
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
v
iew
o
f
th
e
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u
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an
d
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Fig
u
r
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3
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r
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ip
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ee
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iew
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ase
4.
RE
SU
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S AN
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SS
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l.
20
,
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.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
:
19
-
26
22
4.
1.
Ref
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lectio
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q
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4
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H
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as
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e
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1
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l
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e
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4
.
R
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m
all
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ip
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2.
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la
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lo
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g
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in
T
h
e
3
D
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lo
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ain
o
f
th
e
m
icr
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s
tr
ip
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ten
n
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d
esig
n
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h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
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s
5
(
a
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,
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b
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d
(
c)
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o
r
tr
ip
le
r
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t
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r
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r
esp
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tiv
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e
g
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ir
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4
an
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4
GHz
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1
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ain
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e
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ax
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u
r
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5
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3
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o
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f
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1
6
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at
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8
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at
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7
.
4
GHz
an
d
(
c)
5
.
5
4
d
B
at
5
4
.
4
GHz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
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l Co
n
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l
Desig
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f c
ir
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n
ten
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p
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s
(
Mo
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a
mme
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lih
A
ltu
fa
ili
)
23
4.
3.
P
o
la
r
p
lo
t
direct
iv
it
y
T
h
e
s
im
u
lated
3
D
f
ar
f
illed
r
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d
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atter
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ir
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f
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d
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is
s
h
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Fig
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s
6
(
a)
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(
b
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n
d
(
c)
r
esp
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y
[
2
9
]
.
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5
4
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4
GHz
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atter
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n
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ir
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ity
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s
o
m
eh
o
w
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m
aller
th
a
n
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f
r
e
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(
a)
(
b
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c)
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u
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.
3
D
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t
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ir
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ig
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r
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r
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ig
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ly
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ig
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r
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f
f
iciency
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h
e
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o
f
f
ir
s
t
b
an
d
p
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p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
is
9
9
.
6
7
%.
I
t
is
ca
lcu
lated
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
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s
h
i
p
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etwe
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th
e
g
ain
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d
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ir
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ity
,
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
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r
lier
.
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h
e
ef
f
icien
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o
f
s
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o
n
d
b
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p
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p
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ed
d
esig
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is
9
9
.
4
7
%,
an
d
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
i
r
d
b
an
d
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p
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d
esig
n
9
8
.
2
2
%
.
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,
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ased
o
n
th
ese
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alu
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th
e
f
ir
s
t
b
an
d
p
r
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p
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s
ed
d
esig
n
is
m
o
r
e
ac
ce
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tab
le
th
an
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
an
d
th
ir
d
b
an
d
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
s
.
4.
6.
Co
m
pa
riso
n bet
wee
n t
wo
ba
nd
s
T
ab
le
2
,
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
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o
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b
etwe
en
th
e
th
r
ee
b
an
d
s
o
f
th
e
m
icr
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s
tr
ip
an
ten
n
a
o
f
th
e
p
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p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
.
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t
ca
n
p
aten
tly
b
e
n
o
ticed
th
at
th
e
f
ir
s
t
b
an
d
is
as
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
as
th
e
s
ec
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d
a
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d
th
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ig
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2
4
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3
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4
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2
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6
9
3
0
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KOM
NI
KA
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m
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n
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p
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C
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,
Vo
l.
20
,
No
.
1
,
Feb
r
u
ar
y
20
22
:
19
-
26
24
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
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h
e
b
a
n
d
wid
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o
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h
r
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d
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(
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at
4
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(
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2
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at
47
.
4
GHz
an
d
(
c)
2
1
9
MH
z
at
5
4
.
4
GHz
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
E
L
KOM
NI
KA
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
C
o
m
p
u
t E
l Co
n
tr
o
l
Desig
n
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f c
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cu
la
r
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s
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a
p
ed
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r
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ip
p
a
tch
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n
ten
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fo
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a
p
p
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n
s
(
Mo
h
a
mme
d
Ma
h
d
i S
a
lih
A
ltu
fa
ili
)
25
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
A
ND
F
UT
URE WO
RK
S
T
h
e
af
o
r
em
en
tio
n
ed
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cir
cu
lar
g
eo
m
etr
y
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
is
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
ac
cu
r
ately
s
im
u
lated
at
th
e
r
eso
n
an
ce
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies
o
f
4
1
.
0
8
GHz
,
4
7
.
4
GHz
a
n
d
5
4
.
4
GHz
,
u
s
in
g
C
ST
s
o
f
twar
e
.
R
esu
lts
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
p
r
o
p
o
s
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to
d
esig
n
cir
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lar
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s
tr
i
p
an
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tr
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b
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d
s
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ar
e
s
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itab
le
f
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r
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ap
p
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n
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m
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n
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d
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ar
k
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ar
e
p
r
esen
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b
o
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t
t
h
e
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o
p
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esig
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n
i
q
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e
s
.
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en
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o
f
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ter
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o
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e
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o
m
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e
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d
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s
f
o
r
f
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tu
r
e
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k
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p
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esen
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ed
.
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e
s
u
g
g
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o
n
s
f
o
r
f
u
tu
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e
wo
r
k
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n
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e
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